From f13aa6c4e49e57fe2bfd598500ba6ce6b8a37d4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andreas Gerler Date: Thu, 10 Feb 2022 17:51:37 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] update to org-9.5.2 and ob-async-20210428.2052 looks like tangle behaviour changed. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gerler --- bba.org | 464 +- elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async-pkg.el | 2 - .../ob-async-autoloads.el | 0 elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async-pkg.el | 2 + .../ob-async.el | 18 +- elpa/org-20200127/ob-J.el | 186 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-abc.el | 90 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-asymptote.el | 139 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-clojure.el | 283 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-comint.el | 156 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-coq.el | 78 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-ebnf.el | 81 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-hledger.el | 70 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-io.el | 108 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-java.el | 85 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-ledger.el | 70 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-mscgen.el | 84 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-picolisp.el | 187 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-shen.el | 78 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-stan.el | 85 - elpa/org-20200127/ob-vala.el | 116 - elpa/org-20200127/org-autoloads.el | 1657 -- elpa/org-20200127/org-install.el | 17 - elpa/org-20200127/org-pkg.el | 5 - elpa/org-20200127/org-plot.el | 354 - elpa/org-20200127/orgcard.pdf | Bin 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org-9.5.2}/org-ctags.el | 14 +- .../org-datetree.el | 33 +- .../org-duration.el | 60 +- .../org-element.el | 451 +- .../org-entities.el | 11 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-faces.el | 103 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-feed.el | 4 +- .../org-footnote.el | 17 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-goto.el | 105 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-habit.el | 19 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-id.el | 255 +- .../{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-indent.el | 90 +- .../org-inlinetask.el | 28 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-keys.el | 129 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-lint.el | 183 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-list.el | 986 +- .../org-loaddefs.el | 1284 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-macro.el | 181 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-macs.el | 187 +- .../{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-mobile.el | 15 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-mouse.el | 226 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-num.el | 21 +- .../org-pcomplete.el | 56 +- elpa/org-9.5.2/org-pkg.el | 2 + elpa/org-9.5.2/org-plot.el | 730 + .../org-protocol.el | 109 +- elpa/org-9.5.2/org-refile.el | 752 + elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-src.el | 201 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-table.el | 835 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-tempo.el | 8 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-timer.el | 46 +- .../org-version.el | 6 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org.el | 5665 ++-- elpa/{org-20200127/org => org-9.5.2/org.info} | 4391 +-- elpa/org-9.5.2/orgguide.info | 2642 ++ elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-ascii.el | 84 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-beamer.el | 79 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-html.el | 691 +- .../ox-icalendar.el | 33 +- elpa/org-9.5.2/ox-koma-letter.el | 989 + elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-latex.el | 346 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-man.el | 60 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-md.el | 392 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-odt.el | 129 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-org.el | 25 +- .../{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-publish.el | 73 +- .../{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-texinfo.el | 154 +- elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox.el | 816 +- elpa/org-9.5.2/request-assign-future.txt | 44 + init.el | 4 +- 185 files changed, 91090 insertions(+), 15790 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async-pkg.el rename elpa/{ob-async-20200921.205 => ob-async-20210428.2052}/ob-async-autoloads.el (100%) create mode 100644 elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async-pkg.el rename elpa/{ob-async-20200921.205 => ob-async-20210428.2052}/ob-async.el (93%) delete mode 100644 elpa/org-20200127/ob-J.el delete mode 100644 elpa/org-20200127/ob-abc.el delete mode 100644 elpa/org-20200127/ob-asymptote.el delete mode 100644 elpa/org-20200127/ob-clojure.el delete mode 100644 elpa/org-20200127/ob-comint.el delete mode 100644 elpa/org-20200127/ob-coq.el delete mode 100644 elpa/org-20200127/ob-ebnf.el delete mode 100644 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rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ol-mhe.el (98%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ol-rmail.el (94%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ol-w3m.el (59%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ol.el (81%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-agenda.el (86%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-archive.el (92%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-attach-git.el (75%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-attach.el (81%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-capture.el (86%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-clock.el (92%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-colview.el (93%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-compat.el (76%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-crypt.el (56%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-ctags.el (99%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-datetree.el (88%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-duration.el (90%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-element.el (94%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-entities.el (98%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-faces.el (87%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-feed.el (99%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-footnote.el (98%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-goto.el (76%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-habit.el (95%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-id.el (77%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-indent.el (87%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-inlinetask.el (94%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-keys.el (93%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-lint.el (88%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-list.el (84%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-loaddefs.el (84%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-macro.el (74%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-macs.el (87%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-mobile.el (98%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-mouse.el (86%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-num.el (97%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-pcomplete.el (90%) create mode 100644 elpa/org-9.5.2/org-pkg.el create mode 100644 elpa/org-9.5.2/org-plot.el rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-protocol.el (89%) create mode 100644 elpa/org-9.5.2/org-refile.el rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-src.el (85%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-table.el (91%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-tempo.el (96%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-timer.el (94%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org-version.el (74%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/org.el (87%) rename elpa/{org-20200127/org => org-9.5.2/org.info} (89%) create mode 100644 elpa/org-9.5.2/orgguide.info rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-ascii.el (97%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-beamer.el (95%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-html.el (90%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-icalendar.el (97%) create mode 100644 elpa/org-9.5.2/ox-koma-letter.el rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-latex.el (93%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-man.el (96%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-md.el (85%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-odt.el (98%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-org.el (94%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-publish.el (96%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox-texinfo.el (93%) rename elpa/{org-20200127 => org-9.5.2}/ox.el (93%) create mode 100644 elpa/org-9.5.2/request-assign-future.txt diff --git a/bba.org b/bba.org index d4bb7b54..c994ef8d 100644 --- a/bba.org +++ b/bba.org @@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ To be precise, this is what's in the first part of my =~/.emacs.d/init.el= (what (setq load-path (append - (list (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/") (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/elpa/org-20200127")) + (list (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/") (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/elpa/org-9.5.2")) ;; (expand-file-name "/usr/share/emacs/lisp/") load-path)) - (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs/elpa/org-20200127") + (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs/elpa/org-9.5.2") ;; (add-to-list 'load-path "~/elisp/org-mode/contrib/lisp") ;; Load the rest of the packages @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ If you are in need enable debugging: * run in servermode -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'server) (unless (server-running-p) (server-start)) @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ If you are in need enable debugging: No need for that: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq inhibit-startup-screen t) #+END_SRC @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Some aliases you might want to set in your bash to talk to your Emacs server: If running standalone on OSX we need to get some environment variables from bash. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setenv "EDITOR" "emacsclient") (if (string-equal system-type "darwin") @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ If trash is missing you might want to run =sudo port install trash= -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no (if (string-equal system-type "darwin") (if (file-exists-p "/opt/local/bin/trash") (progn @@ -188,13 +188,13 @@ With trash you can recover files to it's original location. We don't need a =$PAGER= in Emacs: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setenv "PAGER" "cat") #+END_SRC Want to have some [[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/EshellAlias][shell aliases]], right? -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defalias 'e 'find-file) (defalias 'ff 'find-file) (defalias 'emacs 'find-file) @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ Want to have some [[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/EshellAlias][shell aliases]], Some of my favorite bash aliases, can be even more helpful in Eshell. Like ‘ll’: - #+BEGIN_SRC elisp :tangle yes + #+BEGIN_SRC elisp (require 'em-alias) (add-hook 'eshell-mode-hook (lambda () @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Some of my favorite bash aliases, can be even more helpful in Eshell. Like ‘ll What about =gd= to call the Diff command? - #+BEGIN_SRC elisp :tangle yes + #+BEGIN_SRC elisp (defalias 'gd 'magit-diff-unstaged) (defalias 'gds 'magit-diff-staged) #+END_SRC @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ A little bit of code from https://github.com/bodil/emacs.d/blob/master/bodil/bod I like to commit my notes in my org and workorg folders after a days work. Keep track of your important stuff! -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;; define function to shutdown emacs server instance (defun server-shutdown () @@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ Keep track of your important stuff! #+END_SRC * async -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/async-20220104.1222") @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Keep track of your important stuff! * [[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/ELPA][ELPA]] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa") @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ Keep track of your important stuff! * calendar [2019-09-30 Mon 10:30] -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (defun calendar-insert-date () "Capture the date at point, exit the Calendar, insert the date." (interactive) @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ Keep track of your important stuff! For annotated tags prepare message with commit messages since last tag. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'magit) (setq magit-last-seen-setup-instructions "1.4.0") (define-key magit-mode-map (kbd "") 'ffap) @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ For annotated tags prepare message with commit messages since last tag. Display open TODO items in magit-status. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'magit-todos) (magit-todos-mode) (setq magit-todos-keywords-list @@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Display open TODO items in magit-status. do a stash, pull, pop. in the end use magit-stash. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-pull () "Do git stash, pull, pop" (interactive) @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ in the end use magit-stash. ) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'magit-gitflow) (add-hook 'magit-mode-hook 'turn-on-magit-gitflow) #+END_SRC @@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ open ibuffer and magit-status in fullframe mode. Get undo for your window layout. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (winner-mode 1)) #+END_SRC @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ Enable smart parens in all modes. See [[https://github.com/toctan/smartparens][Smartparens on github]]. Some key bindings taken from [[https://ebzzry.github.io/emacs-pairs.html][emacs-pairs]]. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/smartparens-20201229.1937") @@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Highlight delimiters such as parentheses, brackets or braces according to their depth. But we use it only in graphical mode as text mode lacks color depth. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (when (display-graphic-p) (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/rainbow-delimiters-20191018.1233") @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ search the web on your fingertips. C-c /. |---+-------------| -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (require 'engine-mode) @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ search the web on your fingertips. C-c /. * xah-lookup [2017-03-20 Mon 17:46] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/xah-lookup-20181225.1942") @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ search the web on your fingertips. C-c /. * expand-region [2015-04-02 Thu 10:32] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/expand-region-20200106.2058") @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ Thought about using snippets for shell-mode and eshell-mode? snippets for =aws cli= are awesome! =ha-autoinsert-yas-expand= copied from Howard Abrams. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/yasnippet-20191222.2206") (require 'yasnippet) @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ snippets for =aws cli= are awesome! #+END_SRC From http://emacswiki.org/emacs/Yasnippet -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (defun yas-shk-helm-prompt (prompt choices &optional display-fn) "Use helm to select a snippet. Put this into `yas/prompt-functions.'" @@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ From http://emacswiki.org/emacs/Yasnippet Default to snippet-mode if we are in a sub directory of snippets: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.emacs.d/snippets/[^/]*/" . snippet-mode)) #+END_SRC @@ -639,14 +639,14 @@ Default to snippet-mode if we are in a sub directory of snippets: I use yasnippet for sql a lot. Languages differ and I need different templates. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (define-derived-mode sql-oracle-mode sql-mode "OracleSQL" "Major mode for ORACLE SQL" (setq sql-product 'oracle) ) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (define-derived-mode sql-vertica-mode sql-mode "VerticaSQL" "Major mode for Vertica" (setq sql-product 'ansi) @@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ Languages differ and I need different templates. #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (define-derived-mode sql-mysql-mode sql-mode "MySQL" "Major mode for MySQL" (setq sql-product 'mysql) @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ To get puppet-lint: modified puppet-lint definition to include no-80chars-check and fixed log-format. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/flycheck-20191126.2142") @@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ log-format. )) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq puppet-lint-command (concat "puppet-lint --with-context " @@ -713,14 +713,14 @@ log-format. ) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq flycheck-json-python-json-executable "python2.7") #+END_SRC * [[https://github.com/kai2nenobu/guide-key][guide-key]] Probably the best help to keep track of the not every day used keybindings. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/popwin-20150315.1300") @@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ Probably the best help to keep track of the not every day used keybindings. Hide passwords on the screen from shoulder surfing. Single pipes interfere with org tables. Just go double. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-file (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/lisp/hidepw.el")) (add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'hidepw-mode) (setq hidepw-pattern "||\\(.*\\)||") @@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ Single pipes interfere with org tables. Just go double. Use [[http://orgmode.org/manual/A-LaTeX-example.html#A-LaTeX-example][orgtbl]] to create tables. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq tex-dvi-view-command "(f=*; pdflatex \"${f%.dvi}.tex\" && open \"${f%.dvi}.pdf\")") (setq TeX-auto-save t) (setq TeX-parse-self t) @@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ Use [[http://orgmode.org/manual/A-LaTeX-example.html#A-LaTeX-example][orgtbl]] t * thesaurus -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;; The file names are absolute, not relative, locations ;; - e.g. /foobar/mthesaur.txt.cache, not mthesaur.txt.cache (setq synonyms-file "~/.emacs.d/mthesaur.txt") @@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ Use [[http://orgmode.org/manual/A-LaTeX-example.html#A-LaTeX-example][orgtbl]] t Adjust indentation at work. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;; load yaml-mode (require 'yaml-mode) (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.yml$" . yaml-mode)) @@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ Adjust indentation at work. * highlight indentation [2016-10-09 Sun 17:13] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-file (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/lisp/highlight-indentation.el")) (set-face-background 'highlight-indentation-face "#e3e3d3") (set-face-background 'highlight-indentation-current-column-face "#c3b3b3") @@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ Adjust indentation at work. To get syntax highlight for HTML exports: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (require 'htmlize ) @@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ To get syntax highlight for HTML exports: * vc-git -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'vc-git) (when (featurep 'vc-git) (add-to-list 'vc-handled-backends 'git)) @@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ To get syntax highlight for HTML exports: Replaced the deprecated [[https://github.com/winterTTr/ace-jump-mode][ace-jump-mode]] with [[help:avy-goto-char][avy-goto-char]] and [[help:goto-line][goto-line]] with [[help:avy-goto-line][avy-goto-line]]. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/avy-20191106.1234") (require 'avy) (define-key global-map (kbd "C-c C-@") 'avy-goto-word-1) @@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ I still like ido-find-file. * visual-regexp -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (require 'visual-regexp) @@ -887,14 +887,14 @@ It's worth to use Emacs for org-mode alone. [[http://howardism.org/Technical/Emacs/literate-devops.html][Literate DevOps]] and [[http://www.howardism.org/Technical/Emacs/literate-database.html][Literate Database Work]] are only 2 use cases. With [[https://github.com/fniessen/org-html-themes.git][org html themes]] it's easy to generate beautiful output. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'ox-md nil t) #+END_SRC ** org-mac-link [2018-11-06 Tue 14:20] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (string-equal system-type "darwin") (progn (require 'org-mac-link) (define-key org-mode-map (kbd "C-c g") 'org-mac-grab-link))) @@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ With [[https://github.com/fniessen/org-html-themes.git][org html themes]] it's e ** org-eldoc [2017-01-06 Fri 14:23] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-file (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/lisp/org-eldoc.el")) #+END_SRC @@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ this is how your firefox bookmark must look like: #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'org-protocol) (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org$" . org-mode)) @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ this is how your firefox bookmark must look like: ** org-man [2018-08-28 Tue 16:57] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (org-add-link-type "man" 'org-man-open) (add-hook 'org-store-link-functions 'org-man-store-link) @@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ blocks with Org Babel. This package is a direct result of attempting to answer a question on this [[http://emacs.stackexchange.com/q/26374/10625][emacs.stackexchange.com thread]]. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'ob-applescript) #+END_SRC @@ -1022,14 +1022,14 @@ this [[http://emacs.stackexchange.com/q/26374/10625][emacs.stackexchange.com thr Org-mode export backend for JIRA markup -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (require 'ox-jira)) #+END_SRC We are lazy and want to speed up things: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-org-export-jira-clipboard() "narrow to org subtree and store content in jira format in clipboard." (interactive) @@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ the jira ticket. Of course some boiler plate for the poor souls who never heard of orgmode. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-export-jira-org() "export current narrowed view to file in tmp and open a finder window on OS-X." (interactive) @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ never heard of orgmode. ) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-open-jira() "open current ticket." (interactive) @@ -1117,21 +1117,21 @@ Get reveal.js as well: git clone https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js/ #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'ox-reveal) #+END_SRC ** ox-publish [2018-01-24 Wed 20:29] - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes + #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'ox-html) (require 'ox-publish) (require 'ox-rss) (require 'htmlize) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-mode-websrc-directory (concat (getenv "HOME") "/git/website/org")) (setq org-mode-publishing-directory (concat (getenv "HOME") "/git/website/html/")) @@ -1224,14 +1224,14 @@ Get reveal.js as well: ** [[https://github.com/tarsius/ox-texinfo-plus][ox-texinfo+]] [2019-01-23 Wed 16:08] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-file (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/lisp/ox-texinfo+.el")) #+END_SRC ** bba-ox-clip-formatted-copy [2016-12-13 Tue 15:29] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-ox-clip-formatted-copy() "wrapper for ox-clip-formatted-copy to disable org-export-use-babel." (interactive) @@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@ Get reveal.js as well: #+END_SRC ** comint-write-buffer [2018-01-09 Tue 14:10] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun comint-write-output-buffer (buffername &optional append) "Write output from interpreter since last input to BUFFER. Any prompt at the end of the output is not written. @@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ Get reveal.js as well: ** bba-create-ticket-tmp-dir [2017-07-28 Fri 13:07] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-create-ticket-tmp-dir-open-dir-screen() "Create directory for the current ticket in tmp if not exist. Open the directory of the current ticket in iterm screen via keyboard maestro." @@ -1304,7 +1304,7 @@ Get reveal.js as well: ** bba-remove-comments-and-empty-lines [2018-03-06 Tue 13:58] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-remove-comments-and-empty-lines() "Remove all lines containing comments or nothing at all." (interactive) @@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ Get reveal.js as well: Your notes are more useful if you can easily search them! -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun snw () "Search work notes." (interactive) @@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ Your notes are more useful if you can easily search them! ** Some initial languages we want org-babel to support -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (org-babel-do-load-languages 'org-babel-load-languages @@ -1376,7 +1376,7 @@ Your notes are more useful if you can easily search them! Sometimes you need a file finder in the current buffers directory. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-open-file-dir-finder () "Open the directory of the current file in finder." (interactive) @@ -1390,7 +1390,7 @@ Sometimes you need a file finder in the current buffers directory. ** open current file via osx open [2017-06-07 Wed 13:50] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-open-file-system () "Open the current file via osx open." (interactive) @@ -1406,7 +1406,7 @@ Sometimes you need a file finder in the current buffers directory. Open current buffers directory in gnu screen in iterm. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-open-file-dir-screen () "Open the directory of the current file in iterm screen via keyboard maestro." (interactive) @@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ Open current buffers directory in gnu screen in iterm. Very useful for repetitive literate devops jobs. then and so on. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-hook 'org-mode-hook (lambda () @@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@ Very useful for repetitive literate devops jobs. This is helpful in training sessions. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-copy-and-yank-org-src-block() "copy last org src block and insert it at point. If region is active copy only the src begin and src end lines." @@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ Thanks to [[http://kitchingroup.cheme.cmu.edu/blog/2015/11/20/Asynchronously-run Still some work to do on the shell counterpart. =:dir= is not recongnised. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun org-babel-async-execute:shell () "Execute the sh src-block at point asynchronously. :var headers are supported. @@ -1662,7 +1662,7 @@ Still some work to do on the shell counterpart. (define-key org-mode-map (kbd "C-c C-S-c") 'org-babel-async-execute:shell) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun org-babel-async-execute:python () "Execute the python src-block at point asynchronously. :var headers are supported. @@ -1790,7 +1790,7 @@ example what you will have finally: Here is the code: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-org-tmux-capture-pane() "capture pane of tmux window and insert it as org-mode sh src block." (interactive) @@ -1839,7 +1839,7 @@ As a replacement you can use this function. Select the start and end points where you want to have ascii arrows and call this function. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-insert-arrows() "insert ascii arrows at start and end of selection." (interactive) @@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@ and call this function. ** Define some shortcuts to access major org files. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (global-set-key (kbd "C-c ") '(lambda () (interactive) (find-file "~/org/notes.org"))) @@ -1881,7 +1881,7 @@ and call this function. ** Tag tasks with GTD contexts -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-tag-alist '(("@work" . ?b) ("@home" . ?h) ("@errands" . ?e) @@ -1893,7 +1893,7 @@ and call this function. #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;; (setq org-clock-persist 'history) (org-clock-persistence-insinuate) @@ -1942,7 +1942,7 @@ and call this function. ** Define some handy link abbreviations -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-link-abbrev-alist '( ("bing" . "http://www.bing.com/search?q=%sform=OSDSRC") @@ -1963,7 +1963,7 @@ and call this function. ** Some clock stuff. taken from http://doc.norang.ca/org-mode.org -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;; @@ -2220,7 +2220,7 @@ taken from http://doc.norang.ca/org-mode.org #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-duration-format '((special . h:mm))) #+END_SRC @@ -2233,7 +2233,7 @@ outline entry per day, if you are checking in and out multiple times. Define the following function that'll compute the overtime for a given day. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun compute-overtime (duration-string) "Computes overtime duration string for the given time DURATION-STRING." (let (minutes-in-a-workday @@ -2297,7 +2297,7 @@ exported to other formats as well. Thanks to John Kitchin we can display images in Emacs. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defvar image-tooltip-re (concat "\\(?3:'\\|\"\\)\\(?1:.*\\." (regexp-opt '("png" "PNG" "JPG" "jpeg" "jpg" "JPEG" "eps" "EPS")) @@ -2331,7 +2331,7 @@ Thanks to John Kitchin we can display images in Emacs. Use =C-c M= to send a multipart email with .org as text and exported html. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-file "~/.emacs.d/elpa/org-mime-20191226.2309/org-mime.el") (add-hook 'org-mode-hook (lambda() @@ -2339,7 +2339,7 @@ html. #+END_SRC ** org-bullets -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (when (display-graphic-p) (load-file "~/.emacs.d/lisp/org-bullets.el") (require 'org-bullets) @@ -2350,7 +2350,7 @@ html. ** org-ellipsis -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (when (display-graphic-p) (setq org-ellipsis " ↴↴↴") ) @@ -2359,13 +2359,13 @@ html. ** fontify -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-src-fontify-natively t) #+END_SRC ** hide emphasis-markers -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-hide-emphasis-markers t) (setq org-catch-invisible-edits 'smart) #+END_SRC @@ -2373,7 +2373,7 @@ html. ** underscore in export [2016-10-28 Fri 12:08] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-export-with-sub-superscripts nil) #+END_SRC @@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ html. run =toggle-org-custom-inline-style= in a org buffer associated with a file. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;; put your css files there (defvar org-theme-css-dir "~/.emacs.d/org-css/") (defvar org-theme-css) @@ -2429,7 +2429,7 @@ file. ** org-sticky-header [2017-04-26 Wed 13:09] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/org-sticky-header-20191117.549" t) (add-hook 'org-mode-hook (lambda ()(org-sticky-header-mode 1)) @@ -2439,7 +2439,7 @@ file. ** [[https://github.com/dfeich/org-listcruncher][org-listcruncher]] [2018-05-24 Thu 09:08] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-file (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/lisp/org-listcruncher.el")) #+END_SRC @@ -2449,35 +2449,35 @@ Thanks to [[https://github.com/dakrone/eos/blob/master/eos-org.org][eos-org]]. Special begin/end of line to skip tags and stars -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-special-ctrl-a/e t) #+END_SRC Special keys for killing a headline -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-special-ctrl-k t) #+END_SRC blank lines are removed when exiting the code edit buffer -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-src-strip-leading-and-trailing-blank-lines t) #+END_SRC Return on a link breaks the link? Just follow it. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-return-follows-link t) #+END_SRC Smart yanking: https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/org/Structure-editing.html -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-yank-adjusted-subtree t) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-tags-column -102) #+END_SRC @@ -2485,7 +2485,7 @@ Smart yanking: https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/org/Structure use emacs as default. Otherwise executables without extension get executed instead of opened. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq org-file-apps '((auto-mode . emacs) ("\\.mm\\'" . default) ("\\.x?html?\\'" . default) @@ -2496,7 +2496,7 @@ executed instead of opened. * goto-address-mode [2018-08-28 Tue 20:34] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (eval-after-load "prog-mode" '(progn (add-hook 'prog-mode-hook 'goto-address-prog-mode) @@ -2512,7 +2512,7 @@ executed instead of opened. #+END_SRC * CFEngine -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;; (load-library "cfengine") (load-file (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/lisp/cfengine.el")) (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.cf$" . cfengine3-mode)) @@ -2618,7 +2618,7 @@ for C-c T you can use a file like this one: * Puppet [2016-02-29 Mon 16:36] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.erb$" . rhtml-mode)) #+END_SRC @@ -2627,11 +2627,11 @@ for C-c T you can use a file like this one: Vagrant files are Ruby, so use ruby-mode for them: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("Vagrantfile" . ruby-mode)) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-ruby-lint() (interactive) "check current buffer via ruby" @@ -2650,7 +2650,7 @@ Vagrant files are Ruby, so use ruby-mode for them: #+END_SRC * mwheel -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-library "mwheel") (mwheel-install) @@ -2662,7 +2662,7 @@ Vagrant files are Ruby, so use ruby-mode for them: Display an Emacs tip of the day. You may start it at the end of the config file. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun totd () (interactive) (random t) ;; seed with time-of-day @@ -2682,7 +2682,7 @@ You may start it at the end of the config file. * TRAMP -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-library "tramp") (add-to-list 'tramp-remote-path "~/bin") (setq default-tramp-method "sshx") @@ -2690,20 +2690,20 @@ You may start it at the end of the config file. With this you can do /sudo:ssh-host:file-on-ssh-host -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'tramp-default-proxies-alist '(nil "\\`root\\'" "/ssh:%h:")) #+END_SRC Use our default socket files -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (file-accessible-directory-p "~/.ssh/sockets") (setq tramp-ssh-controlmaster-options "-o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPath='~/.ssh/sockets/ssh.%%C' -o ControlPersist=600")) #+END_SRC * [[http://www.twmode.sourceforge.net/][twitter]] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/twittering-mode-20181121.1402") (require 'twittering-mode) (cond @@ -2826,7 +2826,7 @@ necessary. #+END_SRC * elfeed -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/elfeed-20191227.426") @@ -2838,20 +2838,20 @@ necessary. * [[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/MalyonMode][Mylon]] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'malyon) #+END_SRC * TemplateToolkit -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.tt2$" . html-mode)) #+END_SRC * EPG/GPG -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;; Do not use gpg agent when runing in terminal (if (>= emacs-major-version 25) (defadvice epg--start (around advice-epg-disable-agent activate) @@ -2877,7 +2877,7 @@ necessary. list who can decrypt a file: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-epa-list-packets () "List who can decrypt the current file" (interactive) @@ -2911,7 +2911,7 @@ list who can decrypt a file: * Perl -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'cperl-mode) (fset 'perl-mode 'cperl-mode) @@ -2929,7 +2929,7 @@ list who can decrypt a file: * Go [2019-09-12 Thu 16:00] -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (add-hook 'go-mode-hook (lambda () (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'gofmt-before-save) @@ -2941,7 +2941,7 @@ list who can decrypt a file: * auto-completion -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/auto-complete-20170125.245") (require 'auto-complete-config) (add-to-list 'ac-dictionary-directories "~/.emacs.d/elpa/auto-complete-20170125.245") @@ -2960,7 +2960,7 @@ list who can decrypt a file: Watching [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DFtieBc3KptU][Emacs For Writers]] by [[https://github.com/incandescentman][Jay Dixit]] I had to configure abbreviations. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq abbrev-file-name "~/org/abbrev_defs") (if (file-exists-p abbrev-file-name) (quietly-read-abbrev-file)) @@ -2969,7 +2969,7 @@ Watching [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DFtieBc3KptU][Emacs For Writers]] by (setq save-abbrevs 'silently) #+END_SRC -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (cond ((executable-find "aspell") (setq ispell-program-name "aspell") @@ -2980,7 +2980,7 @@ Combine abbrev with Ispell: [[http://endlessparentheses.com/ispell-and-abbrev-the-perfect-auto-correct.html][Ispell and Abbrev, the Perfect Auto-Correct]] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (global-set-key (kbd "M-$") #'endless/ispell-word-then-abbrev) (defun endless/simple-get-word () @@ -3024,14 +3024,14 @@ Combine abbrev with Ispell: * [[https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/stripes.el][stripes]] [2017-07-11 Tue 15:17] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-file (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/lisp/stripes.el")) (custom-set-faces '(stripes-face ((t :background "gray0")))) #+END_SRC * syntax-highlighting -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (font-lock-mode) (global-font-lock-mode 1) @@ -3051,7 +3051,7 @@ thanks to https://truongtx.me/2014/08/23/setup-emacs-as-an-sql-database-client have a look in [[file:/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/Resources/lisp/progmodes/sql.el.gz::(let%20((connect-set%20(assoc-string%20connection%20sql-connection-alist%20t)))][sql.el]] and extract the sql-product and set it before starting sql-connect. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun my-sql-connect () (interactive) (require 'my-password "~/.emacs_secrets.el.gpg") @@ -3089,7 +3089,7 @@ your =~/.emacs_secrets.el.gpg= might look like: #+END_SRC -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (defun my-sql-save-history-hook () (let ((lval 'sql-input-ring-file-name) (rval 'sql-product)) @@ -3110,7 +3110,7 @@ your =~/.emacs_secrets.el.gpg= might look like: incorporate helm-comint-mode-list -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (require 'sql) (require 'helm-comint) (defun helm-comint-sqli-input-ring () @@ -3127,7 +3127,7 @@ incorporate helm-comint-mode-list #+end_src -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (require 'bicycle) (define-key outline-minor-mode-map [S-tab] 'bicycle-cycle) (defvar sql-outline-regexp "-- [*\^L]+" @@ -3160,12 +3160,12 @@ acts on the whole buffer. On OS X you might want to run =sudo port install sqlparse= to have =sqlformat= available. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (load-file (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/lisp/sqlformat.el")) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook (lambda () (key-chord-define sql-mode-map "FF" 'sqlformat))) @@ -3175,7 +3175,7 @@ On OS X you might want to run =sudo port install sqlparse= to have Takes care of doing upper-case for keywords. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/sqlup-mode-20170610.1537") (require 'sqlup-mode) (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook 'sqlup-mode) @@ -3184,7 +3184,7 @@ Takes care of doing upper-case for keywords. * [[https://github.com/alex-hhh/emacs-sql-indent][sql-indent]] [2019-06-28 Fri 12:34] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/sql-indent-1.4") (require 'sql-indent) (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook 'sqlind-minor-mode) @@ -3204,7 +3204,7 @@ like these: # End: #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (eval-after-load "cfengine3-mode" '(add-hook 'cfengine3-mode-hook (lambda() (add-hook 'write-contents-functions (lambda() @@ -3268,7 +3268,7 @@ like these: Use C-c C-c to run rpmbuild if buffer is spec file. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-build-rpm () "Do rpmbuild -ba, with the current buffers filename." (interactive) @@ -3294,7 +3294,7 @@ Use C-c C-c to run rpmbuild if buffer is spec file. Use undo-tree. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (global-undo-tree-mode) (setq undo-tree-enable-undo-in-region t)) @@ -3303,7 +3303,7 @@ Use undo-tree. * mode-line menu-bar etc -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (column-number-mode t) (line-number-mode t) (setq display-time-24hr-format t) @@ -3331,7 +3331,7 @@ Keeps track of your writing. Includes [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flesch%E2%80%93Kincaid_readability_tests#Flesch_Reading_Ease][Flesch Reading Ease]] and [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flesch–Kincaid_readability_test#Flesch.E2.80.93Kincaid_Grade_Level][Flesch Grade Level]]. With modifications by [[http://sachachua.com/blog/2011/12/emacs-artbollocks-mode-el-and-writing-more-clearly/][Sacha Chua]]. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 25) (progn (require 'artbollocks-mode) @@ -3377,7 +3377,7 @@ With modifications by [[http://sachachua.com/blog/2011/12/emacs-artbollocks-mode Bind f3 and f4 to previous/next pane. Bind shift f3 and shift f4 to previous/next frame. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun move-cursor-next-pane () "Move cursor to the next pane." (interactive) @@ -3406,7 +3406,7 @@ Bind shift f3 and shift f4 to previous/next frame. Right from [[https://gist.github.com/etherald/dcdcf579751c75a2c796][gisthub]]: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun twist-split () (interactive) (setq buffer2 (window-buffer (second (window-list)))) @@ -3417,14 +3417,14 @@ Right from [[https://gist.github.com/etherald/dcdcf579751c75a2c796][gisthub]]: #+END_SRC * [[https://github.com/dotemacs/ipcalc.el][ipcalc]] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'ipcalc) #+END_SRC * [[http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/RecentFiles][RecentFiles]] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'recentf) (recentf-mode 1) (setq recentf-max-saved-items 200 @@ -3435,7 +3435,7 @@ Right from [[https://gist.github.com/etherald/dcdcf579751c75a2c796][gisthub]]: * insert-date function -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-insert-date () "Insert the current date" (interactive) @@ -3469,7 +3469,7 @@ Right from [[https://gist.github.com/etherald/dcdcf579751c75a2c796][gisthub]]: toggle full screen with super return. display battery status in fullscreen mode. disable scroll bar in fullscreen mode. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-toggle-fullscreen() "toggle fullscreen mode" (interactive) @@ -3492,7 +3492,7 @@ fullscreen mode. disable scroll bar in fullscreen mode. * generate passwords [2017-05-31 Wed 16:33] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-insert-pw(v2) "insert password" (interactive "P") @@ -3511,7 +3511,7 @@ window-total-height. Bound to =C-X l != -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun eshell-here () "Opens up a new shell in the directory associated with the current buffer's file. The eshell is renamed to match that @@ -3579,7 +3579,7 @@ Bound to =C-X l != Use =C-c E= to evaluate and replace the last s-expression. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba/eval-last-sexp-replace () "replace the last s-expression with its evaluated result" (interactive) @@ -3591,7 +3591,7 @@ Use =C-c E= to evaluate and replace the last s-expression. #+END_SRC * goto-match-paren -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun goto-match-paren (arg) "Go to the matching parenthesis if on parenthesis, otherwise insert %. vi style of % jumping to matching brace." @@ -3606,7 +3606,7 @@ Use =C-c E= to evaluate and replace the last s-expression. * safe hash bang files executable safe files with #! in first line as user executable. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-hook `after-save-hook #'(lambda () (if (not @@ -3640,7 +3640,7 @@ safe files with #! in first line as user executable. * fill-or-unfill paragraph [2017-06-09 Fri 12:25] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-fill-or-unfill () "Like `fill-paragraph', but unfill if used twice." (interactive) @@ -3660,7 +3660,7 @@ safe files with #! in first line as user executable. Thanks to [[http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs_keybinding_design_beginning-of-line-or-block.html][Xah Lee]]: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun xah-beginning-of-line-or-block () "Move cursor to beginning of line, or beginning of current or previous text block. @@ -3703,7 +3703,7 @@ Thanks to [[http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs_keybinding_design_beginning-of-line =M-p= and =M-n= to move current line up or down. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba/move-line (n) "Move the current line up or down by N lines." (interactive "p") @@ -3734,7 +3734,7 @@ Thanks to [[http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs_keybinding_design_beginning-of-line * [[http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs_copy_cut_current_line.html][xah-copy-line-or-region]] [2017-03-17 Fri 14:07] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun xah-copy-line-or-region () "Copy current line, or text selection. When called repeatedly, append copy subsequent lines. @@ -3782,7 +3782,7 @@ Maestro in my iterm. Quite useful to execute SQL commands in a remote gnu screen session. I don't append a newline thus I can still verify the clipboard content before executing it. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-copy-line-or-region-to-iterm () "Copy current line, or text selection and insert it in iterm via Keyboard Maestro. When `universal-argument' is called first, copy whole buffer (respects `narrow-to-region')." @@ -3815,7 +3815,7 @@ the clipboard content before executing it. With some code from http://howardism.org/Technical/Emacs/beep-for-emacs.html -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (require 'alert) (setq alert-default-style 'osx-notifier) @@ -3870,7 +3870,7 @@ With some code from http://howardism.org/Technical/Emacs/beep-for-emacs.html * bba lookup dictionary [2019-05-27 Mon 15:15] coffee mug -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-dict () "Lookup thing at point in OS X Dictionary." (interactive) @@ -3885,7 +3885,7 @@ coffee mug * [[http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs_navigating_keys_for_brackets.html][Xah Lee Move cursor to Bracket]] [2017-03-27 Mon 22:41] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defvar xah-brackets nil "string of left/right brackets pairs.") (setq xah-brackets "()[]{}<>（）［］｛｝⦅⦆〚〛⦃⦄“”‘’‹›«»「」〈〉《》【】〔〕⦗⦘『』〖〗〘〙｢｣⟦⟧⟨⟩⟪⟫⟮⟯⟬⟭⌈⌉⌊⌋⦇⦈⦉⦊❛❜❝❞❨❩❪❫❴❵❬❭❮❯❰❱❲❳〈〉⦑⦒⧼⧽﹙﹚﹛﹜﹝﹞⁽⁾₍₎⦋⦌⦍⦎⦏⦐⁅⁆⸢⸣⸤⸥⟅⟆⦓⦔⦕⦖⸦⸧⸨⸩｟｠⧘⧙⧚⧛⸜⸝⸌⸍⸂⸃⸄⸅⸉⸊᚛᚜༺༻༼༽⏜⏝⎴⎵⏞⏟⏠⏡﹁﹂﹃﹄︹︺︻︼︗︘︿﹀︽︾﹇﹈︷︸") @@ -3935,7 +3935,7 @@ coffee mug Sometimes you need the filename of your current buffer on the command line or somewhere else. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-copy-buffer-name () "copy buffer name to kill-ring. if `universal-argument` is called first, copy only filename to kill-ring." (interactive) @@ -3953,7 +3953,7 @@ line or somewhere else. sometimes you have credentials or other secret stuff in your kill-ring. savehist is nice but you don't want to store it in the history. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-rm-kill-ring () "remove current element from kill-ring." (interactive) @@ -3976,7 +3976,7 @@ savehist is nice but you don't want to store it in the history. Configure [[https://github.com/leoliu/ggtags][ggtags]] and [[https://github.com/syohex/emacs-helm-gtags][helm-gtags]] to use [[https://www.gnu.org/software/global/][GNU Global]]. If you are new to tags check [[http://tuhdo.github.io/c-ide.html][this]]. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/ggtags-20190320.2208" t) @@ -4011,7 +4011,7 @@ Some links you might check out: Stack Exchange]] - [[https://github.com/ShingoFukuyama/helm-swoop][helm-swoop]] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path @@ -4059,7 +4059,7 @@ Some links you might check out: * helm-descbinds -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (>= emacs-major-version 24) (progn (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/helm-descbinds-20180429.1456") @@ -4073,7 +4073,7 @@ Some links you might check out: switch default browser between eww and default. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-switch-default-browser () "switch between default browser and eww" (interactive) @@ -4090,7 +4090,7 @@ switch default browser between eww and default. combine key strokes to access commands even faster. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/key-chord-20160227.1238") (require 'key-chord) @@ -4111,7 +4111,7 @@ combine key strokes to access commands even faster. * keyfreq [2016-11-23 Wed 13:33] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/elpa/keyfreq-20160516.1416") (require 'keyfreq) (keyfreq-mode 1) @@ -4123,14 +4123,14 @@ combine key strokes to access commands even faster. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq type-break-keystroke-threshold '(3600 . 18000)) (type-break-mode t) #+END_SRC * aliases -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defalias 'ts 'transpose-sentences) (defalias 'tp 'transpose-paragraphs) (defalias 'om 'org-mode) @@ -4142,7 +4142,7 @@ combine key strokes to access commands even faster. Thanks to Marcin Borkowski for this code snippet. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun smart-self-insert-punctuation (count) "If COUNT=1 and the point is after a space, insert the relevant character before any spaces." @@ -4160,7 +4160,7 @@ character before any spaces." * key bindings -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (define-key global-map (kbd "M-@") 'cycle-spacing) (define-key global-map (kbd "M-SPC") 'cycle-spacing) (define-key global-map (kbd "S-SPC") 'dabbrev-expand) @@ -4210,7 +4210,7 @@ character before any spaces." easy access to secrets. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (define-prefix-command 'bba/pw) (define-key global-map "\C-xp" bba/pw) (define-key bba/pw "p" '(lambda () "awsprod" (interactive)(bba-pw-lookup "0DA39906-79C8-4468-AB0A-C72DB613C529"))) @@ -4240,7 +4240,7 @@ easy access to secrets. duplicate previous line -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (global-set-key (kbd "s-d") "\C-p\C-a\C- \C-n\M-w\C-y") #+END_SRC @@ -4250,7 +4250,7 @@ characters in a different color. There is also an untabify function to convert hard tabs to the appropriate number of spaces, and a tabify function to convert groups of spaces to hard tabs. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (define-key bba/toggle "w" 'whitespace-mode) (setq whitespace-display-mappings @@ -4262,7 +4262,7 @@ function to convert groups of spaces to hard tabs. )) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (define-prefix-command 'bba/launcher) @@ -4351,7 +4351,7 @@ function to convert groups of spaces to hard tabs. =isearch-forward-regexp= is much more useful than =isearch-forward= so we use that as default: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (global-set-key (kbd "C-s") 'isearch-forward-regexp) (global-set-key (kbd "C-r") 'isearch-backward-regexp) (global-set-key (kbd "C-M-s") 'isearch-forward) @@ -4362,7 +4362,7 @@ Thanks to [[http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs_isearch_by_arrow_keys.html][Xah Lee Here's very convenient keys for isearch. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (define-key isearch-mode-map (kbd "") 'isearch-ring-retreat ) (define-key isearch-mode-map (kbd "") 'isearch-ring-advance ) @@ -4375,7 +4375,7 @@ Here's very convenient keys for isearch. Adjust mouse speed: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq mouse-wheel-scroll-amount '(1 ((shift) . 1) ((control) . nil))) (setq mouse-wheel-progressive-speed nil) #+END_SRC @@ -4383,7 +4383,7 @@ Adjust mouse speed: * string-inflection [2019-02-08 Fri 12:14] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'string-inflection) (global-set-key (kbd "M-S-TAB") 'bba-string-inflection-cycle) @@ -4415,7 +4415,7 @@ to the first non-whitespace character if we're already at the beginning of the line. Repeated use of `C-a' toggles between these two positions. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun beginning-of-line-dwim () "Toggles between moving point to the first non-whitespace character, and the start of the line." @@ -4433,7 +4433,7 @@ positions. * Beautifying JSON -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun beautify-json () "Use python to prettyprint JSON." (interactive) @@ -4446,7 +4446,7 @@ positions. * [[http://kitchingroup.cheme.cmu.edu/blog/2015/06/29/Getting-Emacs-to-read-to-me/][words-speak]] [2016-12-18 Sun 15:11] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defvar words-voice "Vicki" "Mac voice to use for speaking.") @@ -4473,7 +4473,7 @@ positions. Kill the current buffer without asking if there is no prefix. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun jcs-kill-a-buffer (askp) (interactive "P") (if askp @@ -4490,7 +4490,7 @@ Kill the current buffer without asking if there is no prefix. Had to diff files on 2 different servers. What's better then dired and TRAMP? -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun mkm/ediff-marked-pair () "Run ediff-files on a pair of files marked in dired buffer" (interactive) @@ -4535,7 +4535,7 @@ Had to diff files on 2 different servers. What's better then dired and TRAMP? If I’m on OS X, I can fetch passwords etc. from my Keychain. This is much more secure than storing them in configuration on disk: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bw/chomp (str) "Chomp leading and tailing whitespace from `str'." (while (string-match "\\`\n+\\|^\\s-+\\|\\s-+$\\|\n+\\'" str) @@ -4557,7 +4557,7 @@ much more secure than storing them in configuration on disk: We don't need all minor modes listed in the modeline. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defvar hidden-minor-modes ; example, write your own list of hidden '(abbrev-mode ; minor modes auto-fill-function @@ -4588,126 +4588,126 @@ We don't need all minor modes listed in the modeline. Specify printing format -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq ps-paper-type 'a4) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq ps-landscape-mode t) (setq ps-number-of-columns 2) #+END_SRC compilation output -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq compilation-scroll-output 'first-error) #+END_SRC Set ispell dictionary -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq ispell-dictionary "english") #+END_SRC Set shell for M-| command -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq shell-file-name "/bin/bash") #+END_SRC Set Shell used by TeX -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq tex-shell-file-name "/bin/bash") #+END_SRC Set grep command options -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq grep-command "grep -i -nH -e ") #+END_SRC Give your cursor some context. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq scroll-margin 3) #+END_SRC Confirm quit to avoid hitting C-x C-c by accident. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq confirm-kill-emacs 'yes-or-no-p) #+END_SRC Confirm suspend to avoid suspending by accident. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (put 'suspend-frame 'disabled t) #+END_SRC Ignore case when completing file names -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq read-file-name-completion-ignore-case t) #+END_SRC Highlight parenthesis pairs -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (show-paren-mode 1) #+END_SRC Blinking parenthesis -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq blink-matching-paren-distance nil) #+END_SRC Highlight text between parens -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq show-paren-style 'expression) #+END_SRC Use buffer name as frame title -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq frame-title-format "%b - emacs") #+END_SRC Completion in mini-buffer -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (icomplete-mode t) #+END_SRC Stack minibuffers -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq enable-recursive-minibuffers t) #+END_SRC Make dired human readable -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq dired-listing-switches "-alh") #+END_SRC Guess copy target. If split window use others current directory. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq dired-dwim-target t) #+END_SRC Dired isn't very colourful by default, but `dired+' has helpful highlighting. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq diredp-hide-details-initially-flag nil) (require 'dired+) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq ediff-split-window-function 'split-window-horizontally) #+END_SRC @@ -4719,7 +4719,7 @@ set your mailserver settings outside of this file. (setq smtpmail-smtp-service "25") #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) #+END_SRC @@ -4733,14 +4733,14 @@ Some nice functions XML indentation -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (equal "work" (getenv "SYSENV")) (setq nxml-child-indent 4)) #+END_SRC update copyrights -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defvar bba-copyright-update 't) (defun bba-toggle-copyright-update() "switch copyright-update on save on or off." @@ -4755,11 +4755,11 @@ update copyrights (copyright-update)))) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-to-list 'Info-additional-directory-list "~/.emacs.d/info") #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (require 'info-look) (info-lookup-add-help :mode 'python-mode @@ -4768,13 +4768,13 @@ update copyrights '(("(python)Index" nil ""))) #+END_SRC -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq mouse-yank-at-point t) #+END_SRC * TODO other stuff -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp ;;(move-overlay hl-line-overlay ;; (line-beginning-position) (1+ (line-end-position)) @@ -4824,7 +4824,7 @@ update copyrights Make the window title display the full path of the file I’m currently editing: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (when (display-graphic-p) (setq frame-title-format '((:eval (if (buffer-file-name) @@ -4834,20 +4834,20 @@ Make the window title display the full path of the file I’m currently editing: sRGB display fixes -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq ns-use-srgb-colorspace t) #+END_SRC There are a few applications, such as crontab, that require a trailing new line. To be safe, always leave a trailing newline. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq-default require-final-newline t) #+END_SRC You have to work hard to be lazy. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defalias 'ts 'transpose-sentences) (defalias 'tp 'transpose-paragraphs) #+END_SRC @@ -4856,7 +4856,7 @@ Save whatever’s in the current (system) clipboard before replacing it with the Emacs’ text. https://github.com/dakrone/eos/blob/master/eos.org -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq save-interprogram-paste-before-kill t) #+END_SRC @@ -4866,7 +4866,7 @@ https://github.com/dakrone/eos/blob/master/eos.org Set default indentation, end of line, trailing whitespaces etc for the whole team. No matter what editor gets used. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (equal "work" (getenv "SYSENV")) (editorconfig-mode '1)) @@ -4875,7 +4875,7 @@ whole team. No matter what editor gets used. [[https://emacsfodder.github.io/emacs-theme-editor/][Emacs Theme Editor]] is a nice tool to define your colors. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (deftheme bba1 "DOCSTRING for bba1") (custom-theme-set-faces 'bba1 '(default ((t (:foreground "#07e30d" :background "#282828" )))) @@ -4937,7 +4937,7 @@ whole team. No matter what editor gets used. * transparent window [2018-03-07 Wed 10:42] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (set-frame-parameter (selected-frame) 'alpha '(100 . 96 )) (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(alpha . (100 . 96))) #+END_SRC @@ -4945,7 +4945,7 @@ whole team. No matter what editor gets used. * load custom file [2014-10-02 Thu 00:37] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq custom-file (expand-file-name "custom.el" (expand-file-name ".emacs.d" "~"))) @@ -4956,7 +4956,7 @@ whole team. No matter what editor gets used. * Set default font on Mac -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (string-equal system-type "darwin") (set-frame-font "Menlo 12")) #+END_SRC @@ -4966,7 +4966,7 @@ whole team. No matter what editor gets used. If you edit zone files via TRAMP you might want to activate them via =rndc reload=. =C-c C-r= just does that for you. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun dns-rndc () "Do rndc reload of current buffers filename." (interactive) @@ -5003,7 +5003,7 @@ not in the public git emacs configuration. all in your history. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (setq savehist-additional-variables '(kill-ring search-ring regexp-search-ring last-kbd-macro kmacro-ring shell-command-history)) (setq kmacro-ring-max 42) (setq history-delete-duplicates t) @@ -5025,7 +5025,7 @@ all in your history. * save place [2019-11-06 Wed 15:53] -#+begin_src emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+begin_src emacs-lisp (setq save-place-file "~/.emacs-places") (save-place-mode 1) ;; (setq save-place-forget-unreadable-files nil) @@ -5037,7 +5037,7 @@ all in your history. This one uses Keyboard Maestro to launch a ssh in a screen session in iTerm2. Assumption clipboard is a dns name. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-screen-start-ssh-to-clipboard (&optional arg) "Use a macro in Keyboard Maestro to ssh into a system in iterm screen session." (interactive) @@ -5060,7 +5060,7 @@ Assumption clipboard is a dns name. Use aws command line tool via Emacs. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-aws-desc-instances ( profile name) "query aws to get informations for running instances." (interactive "sProfile: \nsName: ") @@ -5075,7 +5075,7 @@ Use aws command line tool via Emacs. Check a AWS Cloudformation template with [[https://github.com/stelligent/cfn_nag][cfn_nag]]: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-aws-cfn-nag-scan() "Check buffer with cfn_nag_scan." (interactive) @@ -5088,7 +5088,7 @@ Check a AWS Cloudformation template with [[https://github.com/stelligent/cfn_nag Check a AWS Cloudformation template with [[https://github.com/awslabs/cfn-python-lint][cfn-lint]]: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-aws-cfn-lint() "Check buffer with cfn_lint." (interactive) @@ -5122,7 +5122,6 @@ define aws account or region either. Based on the telnet configuration (they both have similar capabilities) I wrote this one: -#+begin_src elisp (add-to-list 'tramp-methods '("ssm" (tramp-login-program "aws-gate") @@ -5130,6 +5129,7 @@ capabilities) I wrote this one: (tramp-remote-shell "/bin/sh") (tramp-remote-shell-login ("-l")) (tramp-remote-shell-args ("-c")))) +#+begin_src elisp :eval never :tangle no #+end_src Now we can again do strange, dark org-babel magic like: @@ -5143,13 +5143,13 @@ Now we can again do strange, dark org-babel magic like: * terraform [2016-09-02 Fri 14:57] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (add-hook 'terraform-mode-hook #'terraform-format-on-save-mode) #+END_SRC * thing-at-point-fqdn [2016-02-12 Fri 14:13] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun fqdn-bounds-of-fqdn-at-point () "Return the start and end points of an fqdn at the current point. The result is a paired list of character positions for an fqdn @@ -5169,7 +5169,7 @@ Now we can again do strange, dark org-babel magic like: Amazon instance ID at point. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun instanceid-bounds-of-instanceid-at-point () "Return the start and end points of an Amazon instance ID at the current point. The result is a paired list of character positions for an fqdn @@ -5187,7 +5187,7 @@ Amazon instance ID at point. * bba-emacs-keyboard-map [2016-03-15 Tue 09:49] -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (defun bba-emacs-keyboard-map () "create a keyboard map in a buffer." (interactive) @@ -5252,7 +5252,7 @@ Amazon instance ID at point. Some private settings outside this repository are loaded after this configuration. -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (file-exists-p "~/.emacs_post.el") (load-file "~/.emacs_post.el")) #+END_SRC @@ -5261,7 +5261,7 @@ Some private settings outside this repository are loaded after this configuratio Display greetings: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (totd) (switch-to-buffer "*Tip of the day*") (delete-other-windows) @@ -5270,7 +5270,7 @@ Display greetings: Split and show workhours: -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle yes +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp (if (equal "work" (getenv "SYSENV")) (progn (split-window-below) (other-window 1) diff --git a/elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async-pkg.el b/elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async-pkg.el deleted file mode 100644 index d820e983..00000000 --- a/elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async-pkg.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -;;; Generated package description from /Users/andreas/.emacs.d/elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async.el -*- no-byte-compile: t -*- -(define-package "ob-async" "20200921.205" "Asynchronous org-babel src block execution" '((async "1.9") (org "9.0.1") (emacs "24.4") (dash "2.14.1")) :commit "de1cd6c93242a4cb8773bbe115b7be3d4dd6b97e" :authors '(("Andrew Stahlman" . "andrewstahlman@gmail.com")) :maintainer '("Andrew Stahlman" . "andrewstahlman@gmail.com") :keywords '("tools") :url "https://github.com/astahlman/ob-async") diff --git a/elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async-autoloads.el b/elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async-autoloads.el similarity index 100% rename from elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async-autoloads.el rename to elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async-autoloads.el diff --git a/elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async-pkg.el b/elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async-pkg.el new file mode 100644 index 00000000..51b1d936 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async-pkg.el @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +;;; Generated package description from ob-async.el -*- no-byte-compile: t -*- +(define-package "ob-async" "20210428.2052" "Asynchronous org-babel src block execution" '((async "1.9") (org "9.0.1") (emacs "24.4") (dash "2.14.1")) :commit "9aac486073f5c356ada20e716571be33a350a982" :authors '(("Andrew Stahlman" . "andrewstahlman@gmail.com")) :maintainer '("Andrew Stahlman" . "andrewstahlman@gmail.com") :keywords '("tools") :url "https://github.com/astahlman/ob-async") diff --git a/elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async.el b/elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async.el similarity index 93% rename from elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async.el rename to elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async.el index 7b17727a..e723cd8b 100644 --- a/elpa/ob-async-20200921.205/ob-async.el +++ b/elpa/ob-async-20210428.2052/ob-async.el @@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ ;; Author: Andrew Stahlman ;; Created: 10 Feb 2017 ;; Version: 0.1 -;; Package-Version: 20200921.205 -;; Package-Commit: de1cd6c93242a4cb8773bbe115b7be3d4dd6b97e +;; Package-Version: 20210428.2052 +;; Package-Commit: 9aac486073f5c356ada20e716571be33a350a982 ;; Keywords: tools ;; Homepage: https://github.com/astahlman/ob-async @@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ functionality may be implemented separately.") block. You can use this hook to perform language-specific initialization which would normally execute in your init file.") +(defvar ob-async-inject-variables "\\borg-babel.+" + "Regex of variables that should be injected into the async process. +It's a good idea to include any variables that are prefixed with `org-babel'. +Add additional variables like \"\\(\\borg-babel.+\\|sql-connection-alist\\)\".") + ;;;###autoload (defalias 'org-babel-execute-src-block:async 'ob-async-org-babel-execute-src-block) @@ -142,6 +147,8 @@ block." (or (and dir (file-name-as-directory (expand-file-name dir))) default-directory)) (cmd (intern (concat "org-babel-execute:" lang))) + (org-babel-async-content + (buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))) result) (unless (fboundp cmd) (error "No org-babel-execute function for %s!" lang)) @@ -156,14 +163,15 @@ block." ;; Initialize the new Emacs process with org-babel functions (setq exec-path ',exec-path) (setq load-path ',load-path) - ;; setq any variables that are prefixed with "org-babel-" - ,(async-inject-variables "\\borg-babel.+") + ,(async-inject-variables ob-async-inject-variables) (package-initialize) (setq ob-async-pre-execute-src-block-hook ',ob-async-pre-execute-src-block-hook) (run-hooks 'ob-async-pre-execute-src-block-hook) (org-babel-do-load-languages 'org-babel-load-languages ',org-babel-load-languages) (let ((default-directory ,default-directory)) - (,cmd ,body ',params))) + (with-temp-buffer + (insert org-babel-async-content) + (,cmd ,body ',params)))) `(lambda (result) (with-current-buffer ,(current-buffer) (let ((default-directory ,default-directory)) diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-J.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-J.el deleted file mode 100644 index c0145211..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-J.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,186 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-J.el --- Babel Functions for J -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2011-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Oleh Krehel -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Org-Babel support for evaluating J code. -;; -;; Session interaction depends on `j-console' from package `j-mode' -;; (available in MELPA). - -;;; Code: - -(require 'ob) -(require 'org-macs) - -(declare-function j-console-ensure-session "ext:j-console" ()) - -(defcustom org-babel-J-command "jconsole" - "Command to call J." - :group 'org-babel - :version "26.1" - :package-version '(Org . "9.0") - :type 'string) - -(defun org-babel-expand-body:J (body _params &optional _processed-params) - "Expand BODY according to PARAMS, return the expanded body. -PROCESSED-PARAMS isn't used yet." - (org-babel-J-interleave-echos-except-functions body)) - -(defun org-babel-J-interleave-echos (body) - "Interleave echo',' between each source line of BODY." - (mapconcat #'identity (split-string body "\n") "\necho','\n")) - -(defun org-babel-J-interleave-echos-except-functions (body) - "Interleave echo',' between source lines of BODY that aren't functions." - (if (obj-string-match-m "\\(?:^\\|\n\\)[^\n]*\\(?:0\\|1\\|2\\|3\\|4\\|dyad\\) : 0\n.*\n)\\(?:\n\\|$\\)" body) - (let ((s1 (substring body 0 (match-beginning 0))) - (s2 (match-string 0 body)) - (s3 (substring body (match-end 0)))) - (concat - (if (string= s1 "") - "" - (concat (org-babel-J-interleave-echos s1) - "\necho','\n")) - s2 - "\necho','\n" - (org-babel-J-interleave-echos-except-functions s3))) - (org-babel-J-interleave-echos body))) - -(defalias 'org-babel-execute:j 'org-babel-execute:J) - -(defun org-babel-execute:J (body params) - "Execute a block of J code BODY. -PARAMS are given by org-babel. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (message "executing J source code block") - (let* ((processed-params (org-babel-process-params params)) - (sessionp (cdr (assq :session params))) - (full-body (org-babel-expand-body:J - body params processed-params)) - (tmp-script-file (org-babel-temp-file "J-src"))) - (org-babel-j-initiate-session sessionp) - (org-babel-J-strip-whitespace - (if (string= sessionp "none") - (progn - (with-temp-file tmp-script-file - (insert full-body)) - (org-babel-eval (format "%s < %s" org-babel-J-command tmp-script-file) "")) - (org-babel-J-eval-string full-body))))) - -(defun org-babel-J-eval-string (str) - "Sends STR to the `j-console-cmd' session and executes it." - (let ((session (j-console-ensure-session))) - (with-current-buffer (process-buffer session) - (goto-char (point-max)) - (insert (format "\n%s\n" str)) - (let ((beg (point))) - (comint-send-input) - (sit-for .1) - (buffer-substring-no-properties - beg (point-max)))))) - -(defun org-babel-J-strip-whitespace (str) - "Remove whitespace from jconsole output STR." - (mapconcat - #'identity - (delete "" (mapcar - #'org-babel-J-print-block - (split-string str "^ *,\n" t))) - "\n\n")) - -(defun obj-get-string-alignment (str) - "Return a number to describe STR alignment. -STR represents a table. -Positive/negative/zero result means right/left/undetermined. -Don't trust first line." - (let* ((str (org-trim str)) - (lines (split-string str "\n" t)) - n1 n2) - (cond ((<= (length lines) 1) - 0) - ((= (length lines) 2) - ;; numbers are right-aligned - (if (and - (numberp (read (car lines))) - (numberp (read (cadr lines))) - (setq n1 (obj-match-second-space-right (nth 0 lines))) - (setq n2 (obj-match-second-space-right (nth 1 lines)))) - n2 - 0)) - ((not (obj-match-second-space-left (nth 0 lines))) - 0) - ((and - (setq n1 (obj-match-second-space-left (nth 1 lines))) - (setq n2 (obj-match-second-space-left (nth 2 lines))) - (= n1 n2)) - n1) - ((and - (setq n1 (obj-match-second-space-right (nth 1 lines))) - (setq n2 (obj-match-second-space-right (nth 2 lines))) - (= n1 n2)) - (- n1)) - (t 0)))) - -(defun org-babel-J-print-block (x) - "Prettify jconsole output X." - (let* ((x (org-trim x)) - (a (obj-get-string-alignment x)) - (lines (split-string x "\n" t)) - b) - (cond ((< a 0) - (setq b (obj-match-second-space-right (nth 0 lines))) - (concat (make-string (+ a b) ? ) x)) - ((> a 0) - (setq b (obj-match-second-space-left (nth 0 lines))) - (concat (make-string (- a b) ? ) x)) - (t x)))) - -(defun obj-match-second-space-left (s) - "Return position of leftmost space in second space block of S or nil." - (and (string-match "^ *[^ ]+\\( \\)" s) - (match-beginning 1))) - -(defun obj-match-second-space-right (s) - "Return position of rightmost space in second space block of S or nil." - (and (string-match "^ *[^ ]+ *\\( \\)[^ ]" s) - (match-beginning 1))) - -(defun obj-string-match-m (regexp string &optional start) - "Call (string-match REGEXP STRING START). -REGEXP is modified so that .* matches newlines as well." - (string-match - (replace-regexp-in-string "\\.\\*" "[\0-\377[:nonascii:]]*" regexp) - string - start)) - -(defun org-babel-j-initiate-session (&optional session) - "Initiate a J session. -SESSION is a parameter given by org-babel." - (unless (string= session "none") - (require 'j-console) - (j-console-ensure-session))) - -(provide 'ob-J) - -;;; ob-J.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-abc.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-abc.el deleted file mode 100644 index d4731186..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-abc.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-abc.el --- Org Babel Functions for ABC -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2013-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: William Waites -;; Keywords: literate programming, music -;; Homepage: http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/wwaites -;; Version: 0.01 - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;;; This file adds support to Org Babel for music in ABC notation. -;;; It requires that the abcm2ps program is installed. -;;; See http://moinejf.free.fr/ - -(require 'ob) - -;; optionally define a file extension for this language -(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("abc" . "abc")) - -;; optionally declare default header arguments for this language -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:abc - '((:results . "file") (:exports . "results")) - "Default arguments to use when evaluating an ABC source block.") - -(defun org-babel-expand-body:abc (body params) - "Expand BODY according to PARAMS, return the expanded body." - (let ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params))) - (mapc - (lambda (pair) - (let ((name (symbol-name (car pair))) - (value (cdr pair))) - (setq body - (replace-regexp-in-string - (concat "\\$" (regexp-quote name)) - (if (stringp value) value (format "%S" value)) - body)))) - vars) - body)) - -(defun org-babel-execute:abc (body params) - "Execute a block of ABC code with org-babel. This function is - called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'" - (message "executing Abc source code block") - (let* ((cmdline (cdr (assq :cmdline params))) - (out-file (let ((file (cdr (assq :file params)))) - (if file (replace-regexp-in-string "\\.pdf$" ".ps" file) - (error "abc code block requires :file header argument")))) - (in-file (org-babel-temp-file "abc-")) - (render (concat "abcm2ps" " " cmdline - " -O " (org-babel-process-file-name out-file) - " " (org-babel-process-file-name in-file)))) - (with-temp-file in-file (insert (org-babel-expand-body:abc body params))) - (org-babel-eval render "") - ;;; handle where abcm2ps changes the file name (to support multiple files - (when (or (string= (file-name-extension out-file) "eps") - (string= (file-name-extension out-file) "svg")) - (rename-file (concat - (file-name-sans-extension out-file) "001." - (file-name-extension out-file)) - out-file t)) - ;;; if we were asked for a pdf... - (when (string= (file-name-extension (cdr (assq :file params))) "pdf") - (org-babel-eval (concat "ps2pdf" " " out-file " " (cdr (assq :file params))) "")) - ;;; indicate that the file has been written - nil)) - -;; This function should be used to assign any variables in params in -;; the context of the session environment. -(defun org-babel-prep-session:abc (_session _params) - "Return an error because abc does not support sessions." - (error "ABC does not support sessions")) - -(provide 'ob-abc) -;;; ob-abc.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-asymptote.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-asymptote.el deleted file mode 100644 index bdc74b84..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-asymptote.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,139 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-asymptote.el --- Babel Functions for Asymptote -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Eric Schulte -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Org-Babel support for evaluating asymptote source code. -;; -;; This differs from most standard languages in that -;; -;; 1) there is no such thing as a "session" in asymptote -;; -;; 2) we are generally only going to return results of type "file" -;; -;; 3) we are adding the "file" and "cmdline" header arguments, if file -;; is omitted then the -V option is passed to the asy command for -;; interactive viewing - -;;; Requirements: - -;; - The asymptote program :: http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/ -;; -;; - asy-mode :: Major mode for editing asymptote files - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) - -(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts) -(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("asymptote" . "asy")) - -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:asymptote - '((:results . "file") (:exports . "results")) - "Default arguments when evaluating an Asymptote source block.") - -(defun org-babel-execute:asymptote (body params) - "Execute a block of Asymptote code. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (let* ((out-file (cdr (assq :file params))) - (format (or (file-name-extension out-file) - "pdf")) - (cmdline (cdr (assq :cmdline params))) - (in-file (org-babel-temp-file "asymptote-")) - (cmd - (concat "asy " - (if out-file - (concat - "-globalwrite -f " format - " -o " (org-babel-process-file-name out-file)) - "-V") - " " cmdline - " " (org-babel-process-file-name in-file)))) - (with-temp-file in-file - (insert (org-babel-expand-body:generic - body params - (org-babel-variable-assignments:asymptote params)))) - (message cmd) (shell-command cmd) - nil)) ;; signal that output has already been written to file - -(defun org-babel-prep-session:asymptote (_session _params) - "Return an error if the :session header argument is set. -Asymptote does not support sessions." - (error "Asymptote does not support sessions")) - -(defun org-babel-variable-assignments:asymptote (params) - "Return list of asymptote statements assigning the block's variables." - (mapcar #'org-babel-asymptote-var-to-asymptote - (org-babel--get-vars params))) - -(defun org-babel-asymptote-var-to-asymptote (pair) - "Convert an elisp value into an Asymptote variable. -The elisp value PAIR is converted into Asymptote code specifying -a variable of the same value." - (let ((var (car pair)) - (val (let ((v (cdr pair))) - (if (symbolp v) (symbol-name v) v)))) - (cond - ((integerp val) - (format "int %S=%S;" var val)) - ((floatp val) - (format "real %S=%S;" var val)) - ((stringp val) - (format "string %S=\"%s\";" var val)) - ((and (listp val) (not (listp (car val)))) - (let* ((type (org-babel-asymptote-define-type val)) - (fmt (if (eq 'string type) "\"%s\"" "%s")) - (vect (mapconcat (lambda (e) (format fmt e)) val ", "))) - (format "%s[] %S={%s};" type var vect))) - ((listp val) - (let* ((type (org-babel-asymptote-define-type val)) - (fmt (if (eq 'string type) "\"%s\"" "%s")) - (array (mapconcat (lambda (row) - (concat "{" - (mapconcat (lambda (e) (format fmt e)) - row ", ") - "}")) - val ","))) - (format "%S[][] %S={%s};" type var array)))))) - -(defun org-babel-asymptote-define-type (data) - "Determine type of DATA. - -DATA is a list. Return type as a symbol. - -The type is `string' if any element in DATA is a string. -Otherwise, it is either `real', if some elements are floats, or -`int'." - (letrec ((type 'int) - (find-type - (lambda (row) - (dolist (e row type) - (cond ((listp e) (setq type (funcall find-type e))) - ((stringp e) (throw 'exit 'string)) - ((floatp e) (setq type 'real))))))) - (catch 'exit (funcall find-type data)) type)) - -(provide 'ob-asymptote) - - - -;;; ob-asymptote.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-clojure.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-clojure.el deleted file mode 100644 index 0d6d1c0a..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-clojure.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,283 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-clojure.el --- Babel Functions for Clojure -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Joel Boehland, Eric Schulte, Oleh Krehel, Frederick Giasson -;; -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Support for evaluating clojure code - -;; Requirements: - -;; - clojure (at least 1.2.0) -;; - clojure-mode -;; - either cider or SLIME - -;; For Cider, see https://github.com/clojure-emacs/cider - -;; For SLIME, the best way to install these components is by following -;; the directions as set out by Phil Hagelberg (Technomancy) on the -;; web page: http://technomancy.us/126 - -;;; Code: -(require 'cl-lib) -(require 'ob) -(require 'org-macs) - -(declare-function cider-jack-in "ext:cider" (&optional prompt-project cljs-too)) -(declare-function cider-current-connection "ext:cider-client" (&optional type)) -(declare-function cider-current-ns "ext:cider-client" ()) -(declare-function cider-repls "ext:cider-connection" (&optional type ensure)) -(declare-function nrepl--merge "ext:nrepl-client" (dict1 dict2)) -(declare-function nrepl-dict-get "ext:nrepl-client" (dict key)) -(declare-function nrepl-dict-put "ext:nrepl-client" (dict key value)) -(declare-function nrepl-request:eval "ext:nrepl-client" (input callback connection &optional ns line column additional-params tooling)) -(declare-function nrepl-sync-request:eval "ext:nrepl-client" (input connection &optional ns tooling)) -(declare-function slime-eval "ext:slime" (sexp &optional package)) - -(defvar nrepl-sync-request-timeout) -(defvar cider-buffer-ns) -(defvar sesman-system) -(defvar cider-version) - -(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts) -(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("clojure" . "clj")) - -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:clojure '()) -(defvar org-babel-header-args:clojure '((ns . :any) - (package . :any))) - -(defcustom org-babel-clojure-sync-nrepl-timeout 10 - "Timeout value, in seconds, of a Clojure sync call. -If the value is nil, timeout is disabled." - :group 'org-babel - :type 'integer - :version "26.1" - :package-version '(Org . "9.1") - :safe #'wholenump) - -(defcustom org-babel-clojure-backend - (cond ((featurep 'cider) 'cider) - (t 'slime)) - "Backend used to evaluate Clojure code blocks." - :group 'org-babel - :type '(choice - (const :tag "cider" cider) - (const :tag "SLIME" slime))) - -(defcustom org-babel-clojure-default-ns "user" - "Default Clojure namespace for source block when finding ns failed." - :type 'string - :group 'org-babel) - -(defun org-babel-clojure-cider-current-ns () - "Like `cider-current-ns' except `cider-find-ns'." - (or cider-buffer-ns - (let ((repl-buf (cider-current-connection))) - (and repl-buf (buffer-local-value 'cider-buffer-ns repl-buf))) - org-babel-clojure-default-ns)) - -(defun org-babel-expand-body:clojure (body params) - "Expand BODY according to PARAMS, return the expanded body." - (let* ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params)) - (ns (or (cdr (assq :ns params)) - (org-babel-clojure-cider-current-ns))) - (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) - (print-level nil) - (print-length nil) - (body (org-trim - (concat - ;; Source block specified namespace :ns. - (and (cdr (assq :ns params)) (format "(ns %s)\n" ns)) - ;; Variables binding. - (if (null vars) (org-trim body) - (format "(let [%s]\n%s)" - (mapconcat - (lambda (var) - (format "%S (quote %S)" (car var) (cdr var))) - vars - "\n ") - body)))))) - (if (or (member "code" result-params) - (member "pp" result-params)) - (format "(clojure.pprint/pprint (do %s))" body) - body))) - -(defun org-babel-execute:clojure (body params) - "Execute a block of Clojure code with Babel. -The underlying process performed by the code block can be output -using the :show-process parameter." - (let* ((expanded (org-babel-expand-body:clojure body params)) - (response (list 'dict)) - result) - (cl-case org-babel-clojure-backend - (cider - (require 'cider) - (let ((result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) - (show (cdr (assq :show-process params)))) - (if (member show '(nil "no")) - ;; Run code without showing the process. - (progn - (setq response - (let ((nrepl-sync-request-timeout - org-babel-clojure-sync-nrepl-timeout)) - (nrepl-sync-request:eval expanded - (cider-current-connection)))) - (setq result - (concat - (nrepl-dict-get response - (if (or (member "output" result-params) - (member "pp" result-params)) - "out" - "value")) - (nrepl-dict-get response "ex") - (nrepl-dict-get response "root-ex") - (nrepl-dict-get response "err")))) - ;; Show the process in an output buffer/window. - (let ((process-buffer (switch-to-buffer-other-window - "*Clojure Show Process Sub Buffer*")) - status) - ;; Run the Clojure code in nREPL. - (nrepl-request:eval - expanded - (lambda (resp) - (when (member "out" resp) - ;; Print the output of the nREPL in the output buffer. - (princ (nrepl-dict-get resp "out") process-buffer)) - (when (member "ex" resp) - ;; In case there is an exception, then add it to the - ;; output buffer as well. - (princ (nrepl-dict-get resp "ex") process-buffer) - (princ (nrepl-dict-get resp "root-ex") process-buffer)) - (when (member "err" resp) - ;; In case there is an error, then add it to the - ;; output buffer as well. - (princ (nrepl-dict-get resp "err") process-buffer)) - (nrepl--merge response resp) - ;; Update the status of the nREPL output session. - (setq status (nrepl-dict-get response "status"))) - (cider-current-connection)) - - ;; Wait until the nREPL code finished to be processed. - (while (not (member "done" status)) - (nrepl-dict-put response "status" (remove "need-input" status)) - (accept-process-output nil 0.01) - (redisplay)) - - ;; Delete the show buffer & window when the processing is - ;; finalized. - (mapc #'delete-window - (get-buffer-window-list process-buffer nil t)) - (kill-buffer process-buffer) - - ;; Put the output or the value in the result section of - ;; the code block. - (setq result - (concat - (nrepl-dict-get response - (if (or (member "output" result-params) - (member "pp" result-params)) - "out" - "value")) - (nrepl-dict-get response "ex") - (nrepl-dict-get response "root-ex") - (nrepl-dict-get response "err"))))))) - (slime - (require 'slime) - (with-temp-buffer - (insert expanded) - (setq result - (slime-eval - `(swank:eval-and-grab-output - ,(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))) - (cdr (assq :package params))))))) - (org-babel-result-cond (cdr (assq :result-params params)) - result - (condition-case nil (org-babel-script-escape result) - (error result))))) - -(defun org-babel-clojure-initiate-session (&optional session _params) - "Initiate a session named SESSION according to PARAMS." - (when (and session (not (string= session "none"))) - (save-window-excursion - (cond - ((org-babel-comint-buffer-livep session) nil) - ;; CIDER jack-in to the Clojure project directory. - ((eq org-babel-clojure-backend 'cider) - (require 'cider) - (let ((session-buffer - (save-window-excursion - (if (version< cider-version "0.18.0") - ;; Older CIDER (without sesman) still need to use - ;; old way. - (cider-jack-in nil) ;jack-in without project - ;; New CIDER (with sesman to manage sessions). - (unless (cider-repls) - (let ((sesman-system 'CIDER)) - (call-interactively 'sesman-link-with-directory)))) - (current-buffer)))) - (when (org-babel-comint-buffer-livep session-buffer) - (sit-for .25) - session-buffer))) - ((eq org-babel-clojure-backend 'slime) - (error "Session evaluation with SLIME is not supported")) - (t - (error "Session initiate failed"))) - (get-buffer session)))) - -(defun org-babel-prep-session:clojure (session params) - "Prepare SESSION according to the header arguments specified in PARAMS." - (let ((session (org-babel-clojure-initiate-session session)) - (var-lines (org-babel-variable-assignments:clojure params))) - (when session - (org-babel-comint-in-buffer session - (dolist (var var-lines) - (insert var) - (comint-send-input nil t) - (org-babel-comint-wait-for-output session) - (sit-for .1) - (goto-char (point-max))))) - session)) - -(defun org-babel-clojure-var-to-clojure (var) - "Convert src block's VAR to Clojure variable." - (cond - ((listp var) - (replace-regexp-in-string "(" "'(" var)) - ((stringp var) - ;; Wrap Babel passed-in header argument value with quotes in Clojure. - (format "\"%s\"" var)) - (t - (format "%S" var)))) - -(defun org-babel-variable-assignments:clojure (params) - "Return a list of Clojure statements assigning the block's variables in PARAMS." - (mapcar - (lambda (pair) - (format "(def %s %s)" - (car pair) - (org-babel-clojure-var-to-clojure (cdr pair)))) - (org-babel--get-vars params))) - -(provide 'ob-clojure) - -;;; ob-clojure.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-comint.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-comint.el deleted file mode 100644 index 552b7a03..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-comint.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,156 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-comint.el --- Babel Functions for Interaction with Comint Buffers -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Eric Schulte -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research, comint -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; These functions build on comint to ease the sending and receiving -;; of commands and results from comint buffers. - -;; Note that the buffers in this file are analogous to sessions in -;; org-babel at large. - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob-core) -(require 'org-compat) -(require 'comint) - -(defun org-babel-comint-buffer-livep (buffer) - "Check if BUFFER is a comint buffer with a live process." - (let ((buffer (when buffer (get-buffer buffer)))) - (and buffer (buffer-live-p buffer) (get-buffer-process buffer) buffer))) - -(defmacro org-babel-comint-in-buffer (buffer &rest body) - "Check BUFFER and execute BODY. -BUFFER is checked with `org-babel-comint-buffer-livep'. BODY is -executed inside the protection of `save-excursion' and -`save-match-data'." - (declare (indent 1)) - `(progn - (unless (org-babel-comint-buffer-livep ,buffer) - (error "Buffer %s does not exist or has no process" ,buffer)) - (save-match-data - (with-current-buffer ,buffer - (save-excursion - (let ((comint-input-filter (lambda (_input) nil))) - ,@body)))))) -(def-edebug-spec org-babel-comint-in-buffer (form body)) - -(defmacro org-babel-comint-with-output (meta &rest body) - "Evaluate BODY in BUFFER and return process output. -Will wait until EOE-INDICATOR appears in the output, then return -all process output. If REMOVE-ECHO and FULL-BODY are present and -non-nil, then strip echo'd body from the returned output. META -should be a list containing the following where the last two -elements are optional. - - (BUFFER EOE-INDICATOR REMOVE-ECHO FULL-BODY) - -This macro ensures that the filter is removed in case of an error -or user `keyboard-quit' during execution of body." - (declare (indent 1)) - (let ((buffer (nth 0 meta)) - (eoe-indicator (nth 1 meta)) - (remove-echo (nth 2 meta)) - (full-body (nth 3 meta))) - `(org-babel-comint-in-buffer ,buffer - (let* ((string-buffer "") - (comint-output-filter-functions - (cons (lambda (text) (setq string-buffer (concat string-buffer text))) - comint-output-filter-functions)) - dangling-text) - ;; got located, and save dangling text - (goto-char (process-mark (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)))) - (let ((start (point)) - (end (point-max))) - (setq dangling-text (buffer-substring start end)) - (delete-region start end)) - ;; pass FULL-BODY to process - ,@body - ;; wait for end-of-evaluation indicator - (while (progn - (goto-char comint-last-input-end) - (not (save-excursion - (and (re-search-forward - (regexp-quote ,eoe-indicator) nil t) - (re-search-forward - comint-prompt-regexp nil t))))) - (accept-process-output (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))) - ;; thought the following this would allow async - ;; background running, but I was wrong... - ;; (run-with-timer .5 .5 'accept-process-output - ;; (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))) - ) - ;; replace cut dangling text - (goto-char (process-mark (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)))) - (insert dangling-text) - - ;; remove echo'd FULL-BODY from input - (when (and ,remove-echo ,full-body - (string-match - (replace-regexp-in-string - "\n" "[\r\n]+" (regexp-quote (or ,full-body ""))) - string-buffer)) - (setq string-buffer (substring string-buffer (match-end 0)))) - (split-string string-buffer comint-prompt-regexp))))) -(def-edebug-spec org-babel-comint-with-output (sexp body)) - -(defun org-babel-comint-input-command (buffer cmd) - "Pass CMD to BUFFER. -The input will not be echoed." - (org-babel-comint-in-buffer buffer - (goto-char (process-mark (get-buffer-process buffer))) - (insert cmd) - (comint-send-input) - (org-babel-comint-wait-for-output buffer))) - -(defun org-babel-comint-wait-for-output (buffer) - "Wait until output arrives from BUFFER. -Note: this is only safe when waiting for the result of a single -statement (not large blocks of code)." - (org-babel-comint-in-buffer buffer - (while (progn - (goto-char comint-last-input-end) - (not (and (re-search-forward comint-prompt-regexp nil t) - (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) - (string= (face-name (face-at-point)) - "comint-highlight-prompt")))) - (accept-process-output (get-buffer-process buffer))))) - -(defun org-babel-comint-eval-invisibly-and-wait-for-file - (buffer file string &optional period) - "Evaluate STRING in BUFFER invisibly. -Don't return until FILE exists. Code in STRING must ensure that -FILE exists at end of evaluation." - (unless (org-babel-comint-buffer-livep buffer) - (error "Buffer %s does not exist or has no process" buffer)) - (when (file-exists-p file) (delete-file file)) - (process-send-string - (get-buffer-process buffer) - (if (= (aref string (1- (length string))) ?\n) string (concat string "\n"))) - (while (not (file-exists-p file)) (sit-for (or period 0.25)))) - -(provide 'ob-comint) - - - -;;; ob-comint.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-coq.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-coq.el deleted file mode 100644 index 56a57cdf..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-coq.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-coq.el --- Babel Functions for Coq -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Eric Schulte -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Rudimentary support for evaluating Coq code blocks. Currently only -;; session evaluation is supported. Requires both coq.el and -;; coq-inferior.el, both of which are distributed with Coq. -;; -;; http://coq.inria.fr/ - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) - -(declare-function run-coq "ext:coq-inferior.el" (cmd)) -(declare-function coq-proc "ext:coq-inferior.el" ()) - -(defvar coq-program-name "coqtop" - "Name of the coq toplevel to run.") - -(defvar org-babel-coq-buffer "*coq*" - "Buffer in which to evaluate coq code blocks.") - -(defun org-babel-coq-clean-prompt (string) - (if (string-match "^[^[:space:]]+ < " string) - (substring string 0 (match-beginning 0)) - string)) - -(defun org-babel-execute:coq (body params) - (let ((full-body (org-babel-expand-body:generic body params)) - (session (org-babel-coq-initiate-session)) - (pt (lambda () - (marker-position - (process-mark (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))))))) - (org-babel-coq-clean-prompt - (org-babel-comint-in-buffer session - (let ((start (funcall pt))) - (with-temp-buffer - (insert full-body) - (comint-send-region (coq-proc) (point-min) (point-max)) - (comint-send-string (coq-proc) - (if (string= (buffer-substring (- (point-max) 1) (point-max)) ".") - "\n" - ".\n"))) - (while (equal start (funcall pt)) (sleep-for 0.1)) - (buffer-substring start (funcall pt))))))) - -(defun org-babel-coq-initiate-session () - "Initiate a coq session. -If there is not a current inferior-process-buffer in SESSION then -create one. Return the initialized session." - (unless (fboundp 'run-coq) - (error "`run-coq' not defined, load coq-inferior.el")) - (save-window-excursion (run-coq coq-program-name)) - (sit-for 0.1) - (get-buffer org-babel-coq-buffer)) - -(provide 'ob-coq) diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-ebnf.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-ebnf.el deleted file mode 100644 index 65151bf2..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-ebnf.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,81 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-ebnf.el --- Babel Functions for EBNF -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2013-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Michael Gauland -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org -;; Version: 1.00 - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;;; Org-Babel support for using ebnf2ps to generate encapsulated postscript -;;; railroad diagrams. It recognizes these arguments: -;;; -;;; :file is required; it must include the extension '.eps.' All the rules -;;; in the block will be drawn in the same file. This is done by -;;; inserting a '[' comment at the start of the block (see the -;;; documentation for ebnf-eps-buffer for more information). -;;; -;;; :style specifies a value in ebnf-style-database. This provides the -;;; ability to customize the output. The style can also specify the -;;; grammar syntax (by setting ebnf-syntax); note that only ebnf, -;;; iso-ebnf, and yacc are supported by this file. - -;;; Requirements: - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) -(require 'ebnf2ps) - -;; optionally declare default header arguments for this language -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:ebnf '((:style . nil))) - -;; Use ebnf-eps-buffer to produce an encapsulated postscript file. -;; -(defun org-babel-execute:ebnf (body params) - "Execute a block of Ebnf code with org-babel. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (save-excursion - (let* ((dest-file (cdr (assq :file params))) - (dest-dir (file-name-directory dest-file)) - (dest-root (file-name-sans-extension - (file-name-nondirectory dest-file))) - (style (cdr (assq :style params))) - (result nil)) - (with-temp-buffer - (when style (ebnf-push-style style)) - (let ((comment-format - (cond ((string= ebnf-syntax 'yacc) "/*%s*/") - ((string= ebnf-syntax 'ebnf) ";%s") - ((string= ebnf-syntax 'iso-ebnf) "(*%s*)") - (t (setq result - (format "EBNF error: format %s not supported." - ebnf-syntax)))))) - (setq ebnf-eps-prefix dest-dir) - (insert (format comment-format (format "[%s" dest-root))) - (newline) - (insert body) - (newline) - (insert (format comment-format (format "]%s" dest-root))) - (ebnf-eps-buffer) - (when style (ebnf-pop-style)))) - result))) - -(provide 'ob-ebnf) -;;; ob-ebnf.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-hledger.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-hledger.el deleted file mode 100644 index 06d03b67..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-hledger.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -;; ob-hledger.el --- Babel Functions for hledger -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Simon Michael -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research, plain text accounting -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Babel support for evaluating hledger entries. -;; -;; Based on ob-ledger.el. -;; If the source block is empty, hledger will use a default journal file, -;; probably ~/.hledger.journal (it may not notice your $LEDGER_FILE env var). -;; So make ~/.hledger.journal a symbolic link to the real file if necessary. - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) - -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:hledger - '((:results . "output") (:exports . "results") (:cmdline . "bal")) - "Default arguments to use when evaluating a hledger source block.") - -(defun org-babel-execute:hledger (body params) - "Execute a block of hledger entries with org-babel. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (message "executing hledger source code block") - (letrec ( ;(result-params (split-string (or (cdr (assq :results params)) ""))) - (cmdline (cdr (assq :cmdline params))) - (in-file (org-babel-temp-file "hledger-")) - (out-file (org-babel-temp-file "hledger-output-")) - (hledgercmd (concat "hledger" - (if (> (length body) 0) - (concat " -f " (org-babel-process-file-name in-file)) - "") - " " cmdline))) - (with-temp-file in-file (insert body)) -;; TODO This is calling for some refactoring: -;; (concat "hledger" (if ...) " " cmdline) -;; could be built only once and bound to a symbol. - (message "%s" hledgercmd) - (with-output-to-string - (shell-command (concat hledgercmd " > " (org-babel-process-file-name out-file)))) - (with-temp-buffer (insert-file-contents out-file) (buffer-string)))) - -(defun org-babel-prep-session:hledger (_session _params) - (error "hledger does not support sessions")) - -(provide 'ob-hledger) - - - -;;; ob-hledger.el ends here -;; TODO Unit tests are more than welcome, too. diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-io.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-io.el deleted file mode 100644 index 4d1f1542..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-io.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,108 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-io.el --- Babel Functions for Io -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2012-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Andrzej Lichnerowicz -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: -;; Currently only supports the external execution. No session support yet. -;; :results output -- runs in scripting mode -;; :results output repl -- runs in repl mode - -;;; Requirements: -;; - Io language :: http://iolanguage.org/ -;; - Io major mode :: Can be installed from Io sources -;; https://github.com/stevedekorte/io/blob/master/extras/SyntaxHighlighters/Emacs/io-mode.el - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) - -(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts) ;; Autoloaded -(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("io" . "io")) -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:io '()) -(defvar org-babel-io-command "io" - "Name of the command to use for executing Io code.") - -(defun org-babel-execute:io (body params) - "Execute a block of Io code with org-babel. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (message "executing Io source code block") - (let* ((processed-params (org-babel-process-params params)) - (session (org-babel-io-initiate-session (nth 0 processed-params))) - (result-params (nth 2 processed-params)) - (result-type (cdr (assq :result-type params))) - (full-body (org-babel-expand-body:generic - body params)) - (result (org-babel-io-evaluate - session full-body result-type result-params))) - - (org-babel-reassemble-table - result - (org-babel-pick-name - (cdr (assq :colname-names params)) (cdr (assq :colnames params))) - (org-babel-pick-name - (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) (cdr (assq :rownames params)))))) - -(defvar org-babel-io-wrapper-method - "( -%s -) asString print -") - - -(defun org-babel-io-evaluate (session body &optional result-type result-params) - "Evaluate BODY in external Io process. -If RESULT-TYPE equals `output' then return standard output as a string. -If RESULT-TYPE equals `value' then return the value of the last statement -in BODY as elisp." - (when session (error "Sessions are not (yet) supported for Io")) - (pcase result-type - (`output - (if (member "repl" result-params) - (org-babel-eval org-babel-io-command body) - (let ((src-file (org-babel-temp-file "io-"))) - (progn (with-temp-file src-file (insert body)) - (org-babel-eval - (concat org-babel-io-command " " src-file) ""))))) - (`value (let* ((src-file (org-babel-temp-file "io-")) - (wrapper (format org-babel-io-wrapper-method body))) - (with-temp-file src-file (insert wrapper)) - (let ((raw (org-babel-eval - (concat org-babel-io-command " " src-file) ""))) - (org-babel-result-cond result-params - raw - (org-babel-script-escape raw))))))) - - -(defun org-babel-prep-session:io (_session _params) - "Prepare SESSION according to the header arguments specified in PARAMS." - (error "Sessions are not (yet) supported for Io")) - -(defun org-babel-io-initiate-session (&optional _session) - "If there is not a current inferior-process-buffer in SESSION -then create. Return the initialized session. Sessions are not -supported in Io." - nil) - -(provide 'ob-io) - - - -;;; ob-io.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-java.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-java.el deleted file mode 100644 index 4b3d4548..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-java.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-java.el --- Babel Functions for Java -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2011-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Eric Schulte -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Currently this only supports the external compilation and execution -;; of java code blocks (i.e., no session support). - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) - -(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts) -(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("java" . "java")) - -(defcustom org-babel-java-command "java" - "Name of the java command. -May be either a command in the path, like java -or an absolute path name, like /usr/local/bin/java -parameters may be used, like java -verbose" - :group 'org-babel - :version "24.3" - :type 'string) - -(defcustom org-babel-java-compiler "javac" - "Name of the java compiler. -May be either a command in the path, like javac -or an absolute path name, like /usr/local/bin/javac -parameters may be used, like javac -verbose" - :group 'org-babel - :version "24.3" - :type 'string) - -(defun org-babel-execute:java (body params) - (let* ((classname (or (cdr (assq :classname params)) - (error - "Can't compile a java block without a classname"))) - (packagename (file-name-directory classname)) - (src-file (concat classname ".java")) - (cmpflag (or (cdr (assq :cmpflag params)) "")) - (cmdline (or (cdr (assq :cmdline params)) "")) - (full-body (org-babel-expand-body:generic body params))) - (with-temp-file src-file (insert full-body)) - (org-babel-eval - (concat org-babel-java-compiler " " cmpflag " " src-file) "") - ;; created package-name directories if missing - (unless (or (not packagename) (file-exists-p packagename)) - (make-directory packagename 'parents)) - (let ((results (org-babel-eval (concat org-babel-java-command - " " cmdline " " classname) ""))) - (org-babel-reassemble-table - (org-babel-result-cond (cdr (assq :result-params params)) - (org-babel-read results) - (let ((tmp-file (org-babel-temp-file "c-"))) - (with-temp-file tmp-file (insert results)) - (org-babel-import-elisp-from-file tmp-file))) - (org-babel-pick-name - (cdr (assq :colname-names params)) (cdr (assq :colnames params))) - (org-babel-pick-name - (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) (cdr (assq :rownames params))))))) - -(provide 'ob-java) - - - -;;; ob-java.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-ledger.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-ledger.el deleted file mode 100644 index e63e1060..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-ledger.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-ledger.el --- Babel Functions for Ledger -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Eric S Fraga -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research, accounting -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Org-Babel support for evaluating ledger entries. -;; -;; This differs from most standard languages in that -;; -;; 1) there is no such thing as a "session" in ledger -;; -;; 2) we are generally only going to return output from the ledger program -;; -;; 3) we are adding the "cmdline" header argument -;; -;; 4) there are no variables - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) - -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:ledger - '((:results . "output") (:cmdline . "bal")) - "Default arguments to use when evaluating a ledger source block.") - -(defun org-babel-execute:ledger (body params) - "Execute a block of Ledger entries with org-babel. This function is -called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (message "executing Ledger source code block") - (let ((cmdline (cdr (assq :cmdline params))) - (in-file (org-babel-temp-file "ledger-")) - (out-file (org-babel-temp-file "ledger-output-"))) - (with-temp-file in-file (insert body)) - (message "%s" (concat "ledger" - " -f " (org-babel-process-file-name in-file) - " " cmdline)) - (with-output-to-string - (shell-command (concat "ledger" - " -f " (org-babel-process-file-name in-file) - " " cmdline - " > " (org-babel-process-file-name out-file)))) - (with-temp-buffer (insert-file-contents out-file) (buffer-string)))) - -(defun org-babel-prep-session:ledger (_session _params) - (error "Ledger does not support sessions")) - -(provide 'ob-ledger) - - - -;;; ob-ledger.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-mscgen.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-mscgen.el deleted file mode 100644 index fa4d3e3a..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-mscgen.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,84 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-msc.el --- Babel Functions for Mscgen -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Juan Pechiar -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: -;; -;; This software provides EMACS org-babel export support for message -;; sequence charts. The mscgen utility is used for processing the -;; sequence definition, and must therefore be installed in the system. -;; -;; Mscgen is available and documented at -;; http://www.mcternan.me.uk/mscgen/index.html -;; -;; This code is directly inspired by Eric Schulte's ob-dot.el -;; -;; Example: -;; -;; #+begin_src mscgen :file example.png -;; msc { -;; A,B; -;; A -> B [ label = "send message" ]; -;; A <- B [ label = "get answer" ]; -;; } -;; #+end_src -;; -;; Header for alternative file type: -;; -;; #+begin_src mscgen :file ex2.svg :filetype svg - -;; This differs from most standard languages in that -;; -;; 1) there is no such thing as a "session" in mscgen -;; 2) we are generally only going to return results of type "file" -;; 3) we are adding the "file" and "filetype" header arguments -;; 4) there are no variables - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) - -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:mscgen - '((:results . "file") (:exports . "results")) - "Default arguments to use when evaluating a mscgen source block.") - -(defun org-babel-execute:mscgen (body params) - "Execute a block of Mscgen code with Babel. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'. -Default filetype is png. Modify by setting :filetype parameter to -mscgen supported formats." - (let* ((out-file (or (cdr (assq :file params)) "output.png" )) - (filetype (or (cdr (assq :filetype params)) "png" ))) - (unless (cdr (assq :file params)) - (error " -ERROR: no output file specified. Add \":file name.png\" to the src header")) - (org-babel-eval (concat "mscgen -T " filetype " -o " out-file) body) - nil)) ;; signal that output has already been written to file - -(defun org-babel-prep-session:mscgen (_session _params) - "Raise an error because Mscgen doesn't support sessions." - (error "Mscgen does not support sessions")) - -(provide 'ob-mscgen) - - - -;;; ob-msc.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-picolisp.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-picolisp.el deleted file mode 100644 index ec2a2284..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-picolisp.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,187 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-picolisp.el --- Babel Functions for Picolisp -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Authors: Thorsten Jolitz -;; Eric Schulte -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; This library enables the use of PicoLisp in the multi-language -;; programming framework Org-Babel. PicoLisp is a minimal yet -;; fascinating lisp dialect and a highly productive application -;; framework for web-based client-server applications on top of -;; object-oriented databases. A good way to learn PicoLisp is to first -;; read Paul Grahams essay "The hundred year language" -;; (http://www.paulgraham.com/hundred.html) and then study the various -;; documents and essays published in the PicoLisp wiki -;; (http://picolisp.com/5000/-2.html). PicoLisp is included in some -;; GNU/Linux Distributions, and can be downloaded here: -;; http://software-lab.de/down.html. It ships with a picolisp-mode and -;; an inferior-picolisp-mode for Emacs (to be found in the /lib/el/ -;; directory). - -;; Although it might seem more natural to use Emacs Lisp for most -;; Lisp-based programming tasks inside Org, an Emacs library written -;; in Emacs Lisp, PicoLisp has at least two outstanding features that -;; make it a valuable addition to Org Babel: - -;; PicoLisp _is_ an object-oriented database with a Prolog-based query -;; language implemented in PicoLisp (Pilog). Database objects are -;; first-class members of the language. - -;; PicoLisp is an extremely productive framework for the development -;; of interactive web-applications (on top of a database). - -;;; Requirements: - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) -(require 'comint) - -(declare-function run-picolisp "ext:inferior-picolisp" (cmd)) -(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts) ;; Autoloaded - -;; optionally define a file extension for this language -(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("picolisp" . "l")) - -;;; interferes with settings in org-babel buffer? -;; optionally declare default header arguments for this language -;; (defvar org-babel-default-header-args:picolisp -;; '((:colnames . "no")) -;; "Default arguments for evaluating a picolisp source block.") - -(defvar org-babel-picolisp-eoe "org-babel-picolisp-eoe" - "String to indicate that evaluation has completed.") - -(defcustom org-babel-picolisp-cmd "pil" - "Name of command used to evaluate picolisp blocks." - :group 'org-babel - :version "24.1" - :type 'string) - -(defun org-babel-expand-body:picolisp (body params) - "Expand BODY according to PARAMS, return the expanded body." - (let ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params)) - (print-level nil) - (print-length nil)) - (if (> (length vars) 0) - (concat "(prog (let (" - (mapconcat - (lambda (var) - (format "%S '%S)" - (print (car var)) - (print (cdr var)))) - vars "\n ") - " \n" body ") )") - body))) - -(defun org-babel-execute:picolisp (body params) - "Execute a block of Picolisp code with org-babel. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (message "executing Picolisp source code block") - (let* ( - ;; Name of the session or "none". - (session-name (cdr (assq :session params))) - ;; Set the session if the session variable is non-nil. - (session (org-babel-picolisp-initiate-session session-name)) - ;; Either OUTPUT or VALUE which should behave as described above. - (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) - ;; Expand the body with `org-babel-expand-body:picolisp'. - (full-body (org-babel-expand-body:picolisp body params)) - ;; Wrap body appropriately for the type of evaluation and results. - (wrapped-body - (cond - ((or (member "code" result-params) - (member "pp" result-params)) - (format "(pretty (out \"/dev/null\" %s))" full-body)) - ((and (member "value" result-params) (not session)) - (format "(print (out \"/dev/null\" %s))" full-body)) - ((member "value" result-params) - (format "(out \"/dev/null\" %s)" full-body)) - (t full-body))) - (result - (if (not (string= session-name "none")) - ;; Session based evaluation. - (mapconcat ;; <- joins the list back into a single string - #'identity - (butlast ;; <- remove the org-babel-picolisp-eoe line - (delq nil - (mapcar - (lambda (line) - (org-babel-chomp ;; Remove trailing newlines. - (when (> (length line) 0) ;; Remove empty lines. - (cond - ;; Remove leading "-> " from return values. - ((and (>= (length line) 3) - (string= "-> " (substring line 0 3))) - (substring line 3)) - ;; Remove trailing "-> <>" on the - ;; last line of output. - ((and (member "output" result-params) - (string-match-p "->" line)) - (substring line 0 (string-match "->" line))) - (t line) - ) - ;;(if (and (>= (length line) 3);Remove leading "<-" - ;; (string= "-> " (substring line 0 3))) - ;; (substring line 3) - ;; line) - ))) - ;; Returns a list of the output of each evaluated exp. - (org-babel-comint-with-output - (session org-babel-picolisp-eoe) - (insert wrapped-body) (comint-send-input) - (insert "'" org-babel-picolisp-eoe) - (comint-send-input))))) - "\n") - ;; external evaluation - (let ((script-file (org-babel-temp-file "picolisp-script-"))) - (with-temp-file script-file - (insert (concat wrapped-body "(bye)"))) - (org-babel-eval - (format "%s %s" - org-babel-picolisp-cmd - (org-babel-process-file-name script-file)) - ""))))) - (org-babel-result-cond result-params - result - (read result)))) - -(defun org-babel-picolisp-initiate-session (&optional session-name) - "If there is not a current inferior-process-buffer in SESSION -then create. Return the initialized session." - (unless (string= session-name "none") - (require 'inferior-picolisp) - ;; provide a reasonable default session name - (let ((session (or session-name "*inferior-picolisp*"))) - ;; check if we already have a live session by this name - (if (org-babel-comint-buffer-livep session) - (get-buffer session) - (save-window-excursion - (run-picolisp org-babel-picolisp-cmd) - (rename-buffer session-name) - (current-buffer)))))) - -(provide 'ob-picolisp) - - - -;;; ob-picolisp.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-shen.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-shen.el deleted file mode 100644 index 1ce71132..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-shen.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-shen.el --- Babel Functions for Shen -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Eric Schulte -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research, shen -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Currently this only works using session evaluation as there is no -;; defined method for executing shen code outside of a session. - -;;; Requirements: - -;; - shen-mode and inf-shen will soon be available through the GNU -;; elpa, however in the interim they are available at -;; https://github.com/eschulte/shen-mode - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) - -(declare-function shen-eval-defun "ext:inf-shen" (&optional and-go)) -(declare-function org-babel-ruby-var-to-ruby "ob-ruby" (var)) - -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:shen '() - "Default header arguments for shen code blocks.") - -(defun org-babel-expand-body:shen (body params) - "Expand BODY according to PARAMS, return the expanded body." - (let ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params))) - (if (> (length vars) 0) - (concat "(let " - (mapconcat (lambda (var) - (format "%s %s" (car var) - (org-babel-shen-var-to-shen (cdr var)))) - vars " ") - body ")") - body))) - -(defun org-babel-shen-var-to-shen (var) - "Convert VAR into a shen variable." - (if (listp var) - (concat "[" (mapconcat #'org-babel-ruby-var-to-ruby var " ") "]") - (format "%S" var))) - -(defun org-babel-execute:shen (body params) - "Execute a block of Shen code with org-babel. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (require 'inf-shen) - (let* ((result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) - (full-body (org-babel-expand-body:shen body params))) - (let ((results - (with-temp-buffer - (insert full-body) - (call-interactively #'shen-eval-defun)))) - (org-babel-result-cond result-params - results - (condition-case nil (org-babel-script-escape results) - (error results)))))) - -(provide 'ob-shen) -;;; ob-shen.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-stan.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-stan.el deleted file mode 100644 index c563a6c3..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-stan.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-stan.el --- Babel Functions for Stan -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Kyle Meyer -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Org-Babel support for evaluating Stan [1] source code. -;; -;; Evaluating a Stan block can produce two different results. -;; -;; 1) Dump the source code contents to a file. -;; -;; This file can then be used as a variable in other blocks, which -;; allows interfaces like RStan to use the model. -;; -;; 2) Compile the contents to a model file. -;; -;; This provides access to the CmdStan interface. To use this, set -;; `org-babel-stan-cmdstan-directory' and provide a :file argument -;; that does not end in ".stan". -;; -;; For more information and usage examples, visit -;; https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/languages/ob-doc-stan.html -;; -;; [1] http://mc-stan.org/ - -;;; Code: -(require 'ob) -(require 'org-compat) - -(defcustom org-babel-stan-cmdstan-directory nil - "CmdStan source directory. -Call \"make\" from this directory to compile the Stan block. -When nil, executing Stan blocks dumps the content to a file." - :group 'org-babel - :type '(choice - (directory :tag "Compilation directory") - (const :tag "Dump to a file" nil))) - -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:stan - '((:results . "file"))) - -(defun org-babel-execute:stan (body params) - "Generate Stan file from BODY according to PARAMS. -A :file header argument must be given. If -`org-babel-stan-cmdstan-directory' is non-nil and the file name -does not have a \".stan\" extension, save an intermediate -\".stan\" file and compile the block to the named file. -Otherwise, write the Stan code directly to the named file." - (let ((file (expand-file-name - (or (cdr (assq :file params)) - (user-error "Set :file argument to execute Stan blocks"))))) - (if (or (not org-babel-stan-cmdstan-directory) - (string-match-p "\\.stan\\'" file)) - (with-temp-file file (insert body)) - (with-temp-file (concat file ".stan") (insert body)) - (let ((default-directory org-babel-stan-cmdstan-directory)) - (call-process-shell-command (concat "make " file)))) - nil)) ; Signal that output has been written to file. - -(defun org-babel-prep-session:stan (_session _params) - "Return an error because Stan does not support sessions." - (user-error "Stan does not support sessions")) - -(provide 'ob-stan) -;;; ob-stan.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-vala.el b/elpa/org-20200127/ob-vala.el deleted file mode 100644 index e9c214f7..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-vala.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,116 +0,0 @@ -;;; ob-vala.el --- Babel functions for Vala evaluation -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2017-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -;; Author: Christian Garbs -;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org - -;;; License: - -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. - -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; ob-vala.el provides Babel support for the Vala language -;; (see http://live.gnome.org/Vala for details) - -;;; Requirements: - -;; - Vala compiler binary (valac) -;; - Vala development environment (Vala libraries etc.) -;; -;; vala-mode.el is nice to have for code formatting, but is not needed -;; for ob-vala.el - -;;; Code: - -(require 'ob) -(require 'org-macs) - -;; File extension. -(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("vala" . "vala")) - -;; Header arguments empty by default. -(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:vala '()) - -(defcustom org-babel-vala-compiler "valac" - "Command used to compile a C source code file into an executable. -May be either a command in the path, like \"valac\" -or an absolute path name, like \"/usr/local/bin/valac\". -Parameters may be used like this: \"valac -v\"" - :group 'org-babel - :version "26.1" - :package-version '(Org . "9.1") - :type 'string) - -;; This is the main function which is called to evaluate a code -;; block. -;; -;; - run Vala compiler and create a binary in a temporary file -;; - compiler/linker flags can be set via :flags header argument -;; - if compilation succeeded, run the binary -;; - commandline parameters to the binary can be set via :cmdline -;; header argument -;; - stdout will be parsed as RESULT (control via :result-params -;; header argument) -;; -;; There is no session support because Vala is a compiled language. -;; -;; This function is heavily based on ob-C.el -(defun org-babel-execute:vala (body params) - "Execute a block of Vala code with Babel. -This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." - (message "executing Vala source code block") - (let* ((tmp-src-file (org-babel-temp-file - "vala-src-" - ".vala")) - (tmp-bin-file (org-babel-temp-file "vala-bin-" org-babel-exeext)) - (cmdline (cdr (assq :cmdline params))) - (flags (cdr (assq :flags params)))) - (with-temp-file tmp-src-file (insert body)) - (org-babel-eval - (format "%s %s -o %s %s" - org-babel-vala-compiler - (mapconcat #'identity - (if (listp flags) flags (list flags)) " ") - (org-babel-process-file-name tmp-bin-file) - (org-babel-process-file-name tmp-src-file)) "") - (when (file-executable-p tmp-bin-file) - (let ((results - (org-trim - (org-babel-eval - (concat tmp-bin-file (if cmdline (concat " " cmdline) "")) "")))) - (org-babel-reassemble-table - (org-babel-result-cond (cdr (assq :result-params params)) - (org-babel-read results) - (let ((tmp-file (org-babel-temp-file "vala-"))) - (with-temp-file tmp-file (insert results)) - (org-babel-import-elisp-from-file tmp-file))) - (org-babel-pick-name - (cdr (assq :colname-names params)) (cdr (assq :colnames params))) - (org-babel-pick-name - (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) (cdr (assq :rownames params)))))))) - -(defun org-babel-prep-session:vala (_session _params) - "Prepare a session. -This function does nothing as Vala is a compiled language with no -support for sessions." - (error "Vala is a compiled language -- no support for sessions")) - -(provide 'ob-vala) - -;;; ob-vala.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/org-autoloads.el b/elpa/org-20200127/org-autoloads.el deleted file mode 100644 index 469edef5..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/org-autoloads.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1657 +0,0 @@ -;;; org-autoloads.el --- automatically extracted autoloads -;; -;;; Code: - -(add-to-list 'load-path (directory-file-name - (or (file-name-directory #$) (car load-path)))) - - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-C" "ob-C.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-C.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-C" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-J" "ob-J.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-J.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-J" '("obj-" "org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-R" "ob-R.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-R.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-R" '("ob-R-" "org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-abc" "ob-abc.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-abc.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-abc" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-asymptote" "ob-asymptote.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-asymptote.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-asymptote" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-awk" "ob-awk.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-awk.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-awk" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-calc" "ob-calc.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-calc.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-calc" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-clojure" "ob-clojure.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-clojure.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-clojure" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-comint" "ob-comint.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-comint.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-comint" '("org-babel-comint-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-coq" "ob-coq.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-coq.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-coq" '("org-babel-" "coq-program-name"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-css" "ob-css.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-css.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-css" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-ditaa" "ob-ditaa.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-ditaa.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-ditaa" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-dot" "ob-dot.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-dot.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-dot" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-ebnf" "ob-ebnf.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-ebnf.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-ebnf" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-emacs-lisp" "ob-emacs-lisp.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-emacs-lisp.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-emacs-lisp" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-eshell" "ob-eshell.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-eshell.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-eshell" '("ob-eshell-session-live-p" "org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-eval" "ob-eval.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-eval.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-eval" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-exp" "ob-exp.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-exp.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-exp" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-forth" "ob-forth.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-forth.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-forth" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-fortran" "ob-fortran.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-fortran.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-fortran" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-gnuplot" "ob-gnuplot.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-gnuplot.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-gnuplot" '("org-babel-" "*org-babel-gnuplot-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-groovy" "ob-groovy.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-groovy.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-groovy" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-haskell" "ob-haskell.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-haskell.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-haskell" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-hledger" "ob-hledger.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-hledger.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-hledger" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-io" "ob-io.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-io.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-io" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-java" "ob-java.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-java.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-java" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-js" "ob-js.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-js.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-js" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-latex" "ob-latex.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-latex.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-latex" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-ledger" "ob-ledger.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-ledger.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-ledger" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-lilypond" "ob-lilypond.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-lilypond.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-lilypond" '("org-babel-" "lilypond-mode"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-lisp" "ob-lisp.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-lisp.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-lisp" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-lua" "ob-lua.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-lua.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-lua" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-makefile" "ob-makefile.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-makefile.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-makefile" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-maxima" "ob-maxima.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-maxima.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-maxima" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-mscgen" "ob-mscgen.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-mscgen.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-mscgen" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-ocaml" "ob-ocaml.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-ocaml.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-ocaml" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-octave" "ob-octave.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-octave.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-octave" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-org" "ob-org.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-org.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-org" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-perl" "ob-perl.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-perl.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-perl" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-picolisp" "ob-picolisp.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-picolisp.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-picolisp" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-plantuml" "ob-plantuml.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-plantuml.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-plantuml" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-processing" "ob-processing.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-processing.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-processing" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-python" "ob-python.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-python.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-python" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-ref" "ob-ref.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-ref.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-ref" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-ruby" "ob-ruby.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-ruby.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-ruby" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-sass" "ob-sass.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-sass.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-sass" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-scheme" "ob-scheme.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-scheme.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-scheme" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-screen" "ob-screen.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-screen.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-screen" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-sed" "ob-sed.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-sed.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-sed" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-shell" "ob-shell.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-shell.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-shell" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-shen" "ob-shen.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-shen.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-shen" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-sql" "ob-sql.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-sql.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-sql" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-sqlite" "ob-sqlite.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-sqlite.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-sqlite" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-stan" "ob-stan.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-stan.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-stan" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-table" "ob-table.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-table.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-table" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ob-vala" "ob-vala.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ob-vala.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ob-vala" '("org-babel-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol" "ol.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol.el - -(autoload 'org-next-link "ol" "\ -Move forward to the next link. -If the link is in hidden text, expose it. When SEARCH-BACKWARD -is non-nil, move backward. - -\(fn &optional SEARCH-BACKWARD)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-previous-link "ol" "\ -Move backward to the previous link. -If the link is in hidden text, expose it. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-toggle-link-display "ol" "\ -Toggle the literal or descriptive display of links. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-store-link "ol" "\ -Store a link to the current location. -\\ -This link is added to `org-stored-links' and can later be inserted -into an Org buffer with `org-insert-link' (`\\[org-insert-link]'). - -For some link types, a `\\[universal-argument]' prefix ARG is interpreted. A single -`\\[universal-argument]' negates `org-context-in-file-links' for file links or -`org-gnus-prefer-web-links' for links to Usenet articles. - -A `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix ARG forces skipping storing functions that are not -part of Org core. - -A `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix ARG forces storing a link for each line in the -active region. - -Assume the function is called interactively if INTERACTIVE? is -non-nil. - -\(fn ARG &optional INTERACTIVE\\=\\?)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-insert-link "ol" "\ -Insert a link. At the prompt, enter the link. - -Completion can be used to insert any of the link protocol prefixes in use. - -The history can be used to select a link previously stored with -`org-store-link'. When the empty string is entered (i.e. if you just -press `RET' at the prompt), the link defaults to the most recently -stored link. As `SPC' triggers completion in the minibuffer, you need to -use `M-SPC' or `C-q SPC' to force the insertion of a space character. - -You will also be prompted for a description, and if one is given, it will -be displayed in the buffer instead of the link. - -If there is already a link at point, this command will allow you to edit -link and description parts. - -With a `\\[universal-argument]' prefix, prompts for a file to link to. The file name can be -selected using completion. The path to the file will be relative to the -current directory if the file is in the current directory or a subdirectory. -Otherwise, the link will be the absolute path as completed in the minibuffer -\(i.e. normally ~/path/to/file). You can configure this behavior using the -option `org-link-file-path-type'. - -With a `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix, enforce an absolute path even if the file is in -the current directory or below. - -A `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix negates `org-link-keep-stored-after-insertion'. - -If the LINK-LOCATION parameter is non-nil, this value will be used as -the link location instead of reading one interactively. - -If the DESCRIPTION parameter is non-nil, this value will be used as the -default description. Otherwise, if `org-link-make-description-function' -is non-nil, this function will be called with the link target, and the -result will be the default link description. When called non-interactively, -don't allow to edit the default description. - -\(fn &optional COMPLETE-FILE LINK-LOCATION DESCRIPTION)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-insert-all-links "ol" "\ -Insert all links in `org-stored-links'. -When a universal prefix, do not delete the links from `org-stored-links'. -When `ARG' is a number, insert the last N link(s). -`PRE' and `POST' are optional arguments to define a string to -prepend or to append. - -\(fn ARG &optional PRE POST)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-insert-last-stored-link "ol" "\ -Insert the last link stored in `org-stored-links'. - -\(fn ARG)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-insert-link-global "ol" "\ -Insert a link like Org mode does. -This command can be called in any mode to insert a link in Org syntax. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-update-radio-target-regexp "ol" "\ -Find all radio targets in this file and update the regular expression. -Also refresh fontification if needed. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ol-bbdb" "ol-bbdb.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-bbdb.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-bbdb" '("org-bbdb-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-bibtex" "ol-bibtex.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-bibtex.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-bibtex" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-docview" "ol-docview.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-docview.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-docview" '("org-docview-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-eshell" "ol-eshell.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-eshell.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-eshell" '("org-eshell-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-eww" "ol-eww.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-eww.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-eww" '("org-eww-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-gnus" "ol-gnus.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-gnus.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-gnus" '("org-gnus-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-info" "ol-info.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-info.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-info" '("org-info-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ol-irc" "ol-irc.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-irc.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-irc" '("org-irc-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-mhe" "ol-mhe.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-mhe.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-mhe" '("org-mhe-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-rmail" "ol-rmail.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-rmail.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-rmail" '("org-rmail-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "ol-w3m" "ol-w3m.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ol-w3m.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ol-w3m" '("org-w3m-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org" "org.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org.el - -(autoload 'org-babel-do-load-languages "org" "\ -Load the languages defined in `org-babel-load-languages'. - -\(fn SYM VALUE)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-babel-load-file "org" "\ -Load Emacs Lisp source code blocks in the Org FILE. -This function exports the source code using `org-babel-tangle' -and then loads the resulting file using `load-file'. With -optional prefix argument COMPILE, the tangled Emacs Lisp file is -byte-compiled before it is loaded. - -\(fn FILE &optional COMPILE)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-version "org" "\ -Show the Org version. -Interactively, or when MESSAGE is non-nil, show it in echo area. -With prefix argument, or when HERE is non-nil, insert it at point. -In non-interactive uses, a reduced version string is output unless -FULL is given. - -\(fn &optional HERE FULL MESSAGE)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-clock-persistence-insinuate "org" "\ -Set up hooks for clock persistence. - -\(fn)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-mode "org" "\ -Outline-based notes management and organizer, alias -\"Carsten's outline-mode for keeping track of everything.\" - -Org mode develops organizational tasks around a NOTES file which -contains information about projects as plain text. Org mode is -implemented on top of Outline mode, which is ideal to keep the content -of large files well structured. It supports ToDo items, deadlines and -time stamps, which magically appear in the diary listing of the Emacs -calendar. Tables are easily created with a built-in table editor. -Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails (VM), Usenet -messages (Gnus), BBDB entries, and any files related to the project. -For printing and sharing of notes, an Org file (or a part of it) -can be exported as a structured ASCII or HTML file. - -The following commands are available: - -\\{org-mode-map} - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-cycle "org" "\ -TAB-action and visibility cycling for Org mode. - -This is the command invoked in Org mode by the `TAB' key. Its main -purpose is outline visibility cycling, but it also invokes other actions -in special contexts. - -When this function is called with a `\\[universal-argument]' prefix, rotate the entire -buffer through 3 states (global cycling) - 1. OVERVIEW: Show only top-level headlines. - 2. CONTENTS: Show all headlines of all levels, but no body text. - 3. SHOW ALL: Show everything. - -With a `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix argument, switch to the startup visibility, -determined by the variable `org-startup-folded', and by any VISIBILITY -properties in the buffer. - -With a `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix argument, show the entire buffer, including -any drawers. - -When inside a table, re-align the table and move to the next field. - -When point is at the beginning of a headline, rotate the subtree started -by this line through 3 different states (local cycling) - 1. FOLDED: Only the main headline is shown. - 2. CHILDREN: The main headline and the direct children are shown. - From this state, you can move to one of the children - and zoom in further. - 3. SUBTREE: Show the entire subtree, including body text. -If there is no subtree, switch directly from CHILDREN to FOLDED. - -When point is at the beginning of an empty headline and the variable -`org-cycle-level-after-item/entry-creation' is set, cycle the level -of the headline by demoting and promoting it to likely levels. This -speeds up creation document structure by pressing `TAB' once or several -times right after creating a new headline. - -When there is a numeric prefix, go up to a heading with level ARG, do -a `show-subtree' and return to the previous cursor position. If ARG -is negative, go up that many levels. - -When point is not at the beginning of a headline, execute the global -binding for `TAB', which is re-indenting the line. See the option -`org-cycle-emulate-tab' for details. - -As a special case, if point is at the beginning of the buffer and there is -no headline in line 1, this function will act as if called with prefix arg -\(`\\[universal-argument] TAB', same as `S-TAB') also when called without prefix arg, but only -if the variable `org-cycle-global-at-bob' is t. - -\(fn &optional ARG)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-global-cycle "org" "\ -Cycle the global visibility. For details see `org-cycle'. -With `\\[universal-argument]' prefix ARG, switch to startup visibility. -With a numeric prefix, show all headlines up to that level. - -\(fn &optional ARG)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-run-like-in-org-mode "org" "\ -Run a command, pretending that the current buffer is in Org mode. -This will temporarily bind local variables that are typically bound in -Org mode to the values they have in Org mode, and then interactively -call CMD. - -\(fn CMD)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-open-file "org" "\ -Open the file at PATH. -First, this expands any special file name abbreviations. Then the -configuration variable `org-file-apps' is checked if it contains an -entry for this file type, and if yes, the corresponding command is launched. - -If no application is found, Emacs simply visits the file. - -With optional prefix argument IN-EMACS, Emacs will visit the file. -With a double \\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument] prefix arg, Org tries to avoid opening in Emacs -and to use an external application to visit the file. - -Optional LINE specifies a line to go to, optional SEARCH a string -to search for. If LINE or SEARCH is given, the file will be -opened in Emacs, unless an entry from `org-file-apps' that makes -use of groups in a regexp matches. - -If you want to change the way frames are used when following a -link, please customize `org-link-frame-setup'. - -If the file does not exist, throw an error. - -\(fn PATH &optional IN-EMACS LINE SEARCH)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-open-at-point-global "org" "\ -Follow a link or a time-stamp like Org mode does. -Also follow links and emails as seen by `thing-at-point'. -This command can be called in any mode to follow an external -link or a time-stamp that has Org mode syntax. Its behavior -is undefined when called on internal links like fuzzy links. -Raise a user error when there is nothing to follow. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-offer-links-in-entry "org" "\ -Offer links in the current entry and return the selected link. -If there is only one link, return it. -If NTH is an integer, return the NTH link found. -If ZERO is a string, check also this string for a link, and if -there is one, return it. - -\(fn BUFFER MARKER &optional NTH ZERO)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-switchb "org" "\ -Switch between Org buffers. - -With `\\[universal-argument]' prefix, restrict available buffers to files. - -With `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix, restrict available buffers to agenda files. - -\(fn &optional ARG)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-cycle-agenda-files "org" "\ -Cycle through the files in `org-agenda-files'. -If the current buffer visits an agenda file, find the next one in the list. -If the current buffer does not, find the first agenda file. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-submit-bug-report "org" "\ -Submit a bug report on Org via mail. - -Don't hesitate to report any problems or inaccurate documentation. - -If you don't have setup sending mail from (X)Emacs, please copy the -output buffer into your mail program, as it gives us important -information about your Org version and configuration. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-reload "org" "\ -Reload all Org Lisp files. -With prefix arg UNCOMPILED, load the uncompiled versions. - -\(fn &optional UNCOMPILED)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-customize "org" "\ -Call the customize function with org as argument. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org" '("org-" "turn-on-org-cdlatex"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-agenda" "org-agenda.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-agenda.el - -(autoload 'org-toggle-sticky-agenda "org-agenda" "\ -Toggle `org-agenda-sticky'. - -\(fn &optional ARG)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-agenda "org-agenda" "\ -Dispatch agenda commands to collect entries to the agenda buffer. -Prompts for a command to execute. Any prefix arg will be passed -on to the selected command. The default selections are: - -a Call `org-agenda-list' to display the agenda for current day or week. -t Call `org-todo-list' to display the global todo list. -T Call `org-todo-list' to display the global todo list, select only - entries with a specific TODO keyword (the user gets a prompt). -m Call `org-tags-view' to display headlines with tags matching - a condition (the user is prompted for the condition). -M Like `m', but select only TODO entries, no ordinary headlines. -e Export views to associated files. -s Search entries for keywords. -S Search entries for keywords, only with TODO keywords. -/ Multi occur across all agenda files and also files listed - in `org-agenda-text-search-extra-files'. -< Restrict agenda commands to buffer, subtree, or region. - Press several times to get the desired effect. -> Remove a previous restriction. -# List \"stuck\" projects. -! Configure what \"stuck\" means. -C Configure custom agenda commands. - -More commands can be added by configuring the variable -`org-agenda-custom-commands'. In particular, specific tags and TODO keyword -searches can be pre-defined in this way. - -If the current buffer is in Org mode and visiting a file, you can also -first press `<' once to indicate that the agenda should be temporarily -\(until the next use of `\\[org-agenda]') restricted to the current file. -Pressing `<' twice means to restrict to the current subtree or region -\(if active). - -\(fn &optional ARG ORG-KEYS RESTRICTION)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-batch-agenda "org-agenda" "\ -Run an agenda command in batch mode and send the result to STDOUT. -If CMD-KEY is a string of length 1, it is used as a key in -`org-agenda-custom-commands' and triggers this command. If it is a -longer string it is used as a tags/todo match string. -Parameters are alternating variable names and values that will be bound -before running the agenda command. - -\(fn CMD-KEY &rest PARAMETERS)" nil t) - -(autoload 'org-batch-agenda-csv "org-agenda" "\ -Run an agenda command in batch mode and send the result to STDOUT. -If CMD-KEY is a string of length 1, it is used as a key in -`org-agenda-custom-commands' and triggers this command. If it is a -longer string it is used as a tags/todo match string. -Parameters are alternating variable names and values that will be bound -before running the agenda command. - -The output gives a line for each selected agenda item. Each -item is a list of comma-separated values, like this: - -category,head,type,todo,tags,date,time,extra,priority-l,priority-n - -category The category of the item -head The headline, without TODO kwd, TAGS and PRIORITY -type The type of the agenda entry, can be - todo selected in TODO match - tagsmatch selected in tags match - diary imported from diary - deadline a deadline on given date - scheduled scheduled on given date - timestamp entry has timestamp on given date - closed entry was closed on given date - upcoming-deadline warning about deadline - past-scheduled forwarded scheduled item - block entry has date block including g. date -todo The todo keyword, if any -tags All tags including inherited ones, separated by colons -date The relevant date, like 2007-2-14 -time The time, like 15:00-16:50 -extra String with extra planning info -priority-l The priority letter if any was given -priority-n The computed numerical priority -agenda-day The day in the agenda where this is listed - -\(fn CMD-KEY &rest PARAMETERS)" nil t) - -(autoload 'org-store-agenda-views "org-agenda" "\ -Store agenda views. - -\(fn &rest PARAMETERS)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-batch-store-agenda-views "org-agenda" "\ -Run all custom agenda commands that have a file argument. - -\(fn &rest PARAMETERS)" nil t) - -(autoload 'org-agenda-list "org-agenda" "\ -Produce a daily/weekly view from all files in variable `org-agenda-files'. -The view will be for the current day or week, but from the overview buffer -you will be able to go to other days/weeks. - -With a numeric prefix argument in an interactive call, the agenda will -span ARG days. Lisp programs should instead specify SPAN to change -the number of days. SPAN defaults to `org-agenda-span'. - -START-DAY defaults to TODAY, or to the most recent match for the weekday -given in `org-agenda-start-on-weekday'. - -When WITH-HOUR is non-nil, only include scheduled and deadline -items if they have an hour specification like [h]h:mm. - -\(fn &optional ARG START-DAY SPAN WITH-HOUR)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-search-view "org-agenda" "\ -Show all entries that contain a phrase or words or regular expressions. - -With optional prefix argument TODO-ONLY, only consider entries that are -TODO entries. The argument STRING can be used to pass a default search -string into this function. If EDIT-AT is non-nil, it means that the -user should get a chance to edit this string, with cursor at position -EDIT-AT. - -The search string can be viewed either as a phrase that should be found as -is, or it can be broken into a number of snippets, each of which must match -in a Boolean way to select an entry. The default depends on the variable -`org-agenda-search-view-always-boolean'. -Even if this is turned off (the default) you can always switch to -Boolean search dynamically by preceding the first word with \"+\" or \"-\". - -The default is a direct search of the whole phrase, where each space in -the search string can expand to an arbitrary amount of whitespace, -including newlines. - -If using a Boolean search, the search string is split on whitespace and -each snippet is searched separately, with logical AND to select an entry. -Words prefixed with a minus must *not* occur in the entry. Words without -a prefix or prefixed with a plus must occur in the entry. Matching is -case-insensitive. Words are enclosed by word delimiters (i.e. they must -match whole words, not parts of a word) if -`org-agenda-search-view-force-full-words' is set (default is nil). - -Boolean search snippets enclosed by curly braces are interpreted as -regular expressions that must or (when preceded with \"-\") must not -match in the entry. Snippets enclosed into double quotes will be taken -as a whole, to include whitespace. - -- If the search string starts with an asterisk, search only in headlines. -- If (possibly after the leading star) the search string starts with an - exclamation mark, this also means to look at TODO entries only, an effect - that can also be achieved with a prefix argument. -- If (possibly after star and exclamation mark) the search string starts - with a colon, this will mean that the (non-regexp) snippets of the - Boolean search must match as full words. - -This command searches the agenda files, and in addition the files -listed in `org-agenda-text-search-extra-files' unless a restriction lock -is active. - -\(fn &optional TODO-ONLY STRING EDIT-AT)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-todo-list "org-agenda" "\ -Show all (not done) TODO entries from all agenda file in a single list. -The prefix arg can be used to select a specific TODO keyword and limit -the list to these. When using `\\[universal-argument]', you will be prompted -for a keyword. A numeric prefix directly selects the Nth keyword in -`org-todo-keywords-1'. - -\(fn &optional ARG)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-tags-view "org-agenda" "\ -Show all headlines for all `org-agenda-files' matching a TAGS criterion. -The prefix arg TODO-ONLY limits the search to TODO entries. - -\(fn &optional TODO-ONLY MATCH)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-agenda-list-stuck-projects "org-agenda" "\ -Create agenda view for projects that are stuck. -Stuck projects are project that have no next actions. For the definitions -of what a project is and how to check if it stuck, customize the variable -`org-stuck-projects'. - -\(fn &rest IGNORE)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-diary "org-agenda" "\ -Return diary information from org files. -This function can be used in a \"sexp\" diary entry in the Emacs calendar. -It accesses org files and extracts information from those files to be -listed in the diary. The function accepts arguments specifying what -items should be listed. For a list of arguments allowed here, see the -variable `org-agenda-entry-types'. - -The call in the diary file should look like this: - - &%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/some/orgfile.org - -Use a separate line for each org file to check. Or, if you omit the file name, -all files listed in `org-agenda-files' will be checked automatically: - - &%%(org-diary) - -If you don't give any arguments (as in the example above), the default value -of `org-agenda-entry-types' is used: (:deadline :scheduled :timestamp :sexp). -So the example above may also be written as - - &%%(org-diary :deadline :timestamp :sexp :scheduled) - -The function expects the lisp variables `entry' and `date' to be provided -by the caller, because this is how the calendar works. Don't use this -function from a program - use `org-agenda-get-day-entries' instead. - -\(fn &rest ARGS)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-agenda-check-for-timestamp-as-reason-to-ignore-todo-item "org-agenda" "\ -Do we have a reason to ignore this TODO entry because it has a time stamp? - -\(fn &optional END)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-agenda-set-restriction-lock "org-agenda" "\ -Set restriction lock for agenda to current subtree or file. -When in a restricted subtree, remove it. - -The restriction will span over the entire file if TYPE is `file', -or if type is '(4), or if the cursor is before the first headline -in the file. Otherwise, only apply the restriction to the current -subtree. - -\(fn &optional TYPE)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-calendar-goto-agenda "org-agenda" "\ -Compute the Org agenda for the calendar date displayed at the cursor. -This is a command that has to be installed in `calendar-mode-map'. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-agenda-to-appt "org-agenda" "\ -Activate appointments found in `org-agenda-files'. - -With a `\\[universal-argument]' prefix, refresh the list of appointments. - -If FILTER is t, interactively prompt the user for a regular -expression, and filter out entries that don't match it. - -If FILTER is a string, use this string as a regular expression -for filtering entries out. - -If FILTER is a function, filter out entries against which -calling the function returns nil. This function takes one -argument: an entry from `org-agenda-get-day-entries'. - -FILTER can also be an alist with the car of each cell being -either `headline' or `category'. For example: - - \\='((headline \"IMPORTANT\") - (category \"Work\")) - -will only add headlines containing IMPORTANT or headlines -belonging to the \"Work\" category. - -ARGS are symbols indicating what kind of entries to consider. -By default `org-agenda-to-appt' will use :deadline*, :scheduled* -\(i.e., deadlines and scheduled items with a hh:mm specification) -and :timestamp entries. See the docstring of `org-diary' for -details and examples. - -If an entry has a APPT_WARNTIME property, its value will be used -to override `appt-message-warning-time'. - -\(fn &optional REFRESH FILTER &rest ARGS)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-agenda" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "org-attach" "org-attach.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-attach.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-attach" '("org-attach-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-attach-git" "org-attach-git.el" (0 0 0 -;;;;;; 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-attach-git.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-attach-git" '("org-attach-git-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-capture" "org-capture.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-capture.el - -(autoload 'org-capture-string "org-capture" "\ -Capture STRING with the template selected by KEYS. - -\(fn STRING &optional KEYS)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-capture "org-capture" "\ -Capture something. -\\ -This will let you select a template from `org-capture-templates', and -then file the newly captured information. The text is immediately -inserted at the target location, and an indirect buffer is shown where -you can edit it. Pressing `\\[org-capture-finalize]' brings you back to the previous -state of Emacs, so that you can continue your work. - -When called interactively with a `\\[universal-argument]' prefix argument GOTO, don't -capture anything, just go to the file/headline where the selected -template stores its notes. - -With a `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix argument, go to the last note stored. - -When called with a `C-0' (zero) prefix, insert a template at point. - -When called with a `C-1' (one) prefix, force prompting for a date when -a datetree entry is made. - -ELisp programs can set KEYS to a string associated with a template -in `org-capture-templates'. In this case, interactive selection -will be bypassed. - -If `org-capture-use-agenda-date' is non-nil, capturing from the -agenda will use the date at point as the default date. Then, a -`C-1' prefix will tell the capture process to use the HH:MM time -of the day at point (if any) or the current HH:MM time. - -\(fn &optional GOTO KEYS)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-capture-import-remember-templates "org-capture" "\ -Set `org-capture-templates' to be similar to `org-remember-templates'. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-capture" '("org-capture-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-colview" "org-colview.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-colview.el - -(autoload 'org-columns-remove-overlays "org-colview" "\ -Remove all currently active column overlays. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-columns-get-format-and-top-level "org-colview" "\ - - -\(fn)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-columns "org-colview" "\ -Turn on column view on an Org mode file. - -Column view applies to the whole buffer if point is before the -first headline. Otherwise, it applies to the first ancestor -setting \"COLUMNS\" property. If there is none, it defaults to -the current headline. With a `\\[universal-argument]' prefix argument, turn on column -view for the whole buffer unconditionally. - -When COLUMNS-FMT-STRING is non-nil, use it as the column format. - -\(fn &optional GLOBAL COLUMNS-FMT-STRING)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-columns-compute "org-colview" "\ -Summarize the values of PROPERTY hierarchically. -Also update existing values for PROPERTY according to the first -column specification. - -\(fn PROPERTY)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-dblock-write:columnview "org-colview" "\ -Write the column view table. - -PARAMS is a property list of parameters: - -`:id' (mandatory) - - The ID property of the entry where the columns view should be - built. When the symbol `local', call locally. When `global' - call column view with the cursor at the beginning of the - buffer (usually this means that the whole buffer switches to - column view). When \"file:path/to/file.org\", invoke column - view at the start of that file. Otherwise, the ID is located - using `org-id-find'. - -`:exclude-tags' - - List of tags to exclude from column view table. - -`:format' - - When non-nil, specify the column view format to use. - -`:hlines' - - When non-nil, insert a hline before each item. When - a number, insert a hline before each level inferior or equal - to that number. - -`:indent' - - When non-nil, indent each ITEM field according to its level. - -`:match' - - When set to a string, use this as a tags/property match filter. - -`:maxlevel' - - When set to a number, don't capture headlines below this level. - -`:skip-empty-rows' - - When non-nil, skip rows where all specifiers other than ITEM - are empty. - -`:vlines' - - When non-nil, make each column a column group to enforce - vertical lines. - -\(fn PARAMS)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-columns-insert-dblock "org-colview" "\ -Create a dynamic block capturing a column view table. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-agenda-columns "org-colview" "\ -Turn on or update column view in the agenda. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-colview" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-compat" "org-compat.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-compat.el - -(autoload 'org-check-version "org-compat" "\ -Try very hard to provide sensible version strings. - -\(fn)" nil t) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-compat" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-crypt" "org-crypt.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-crypt.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-crypt" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-ctags" "org-ctags.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-ctags.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-ctags" '("org-ctags-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-duration" "org-duration.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-duration.el - -(autoload 'org-duration-set-regexps "org-duration" "\ -Set duration related regexps. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(autoload 'org-duration-p "org-duration" "\ -Non-nil when string S is a time duration. - -\(fn S)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-duration-to-minutes "org-duration" "\ -Return number of minutes of DURATION string. - -When optional argument CANONICAL is non-nil, ignore -`org-duration-units' and use standard time units value. - -A bare number is translated into minutes. The empty string is -translated into 0.0. - -Return value as a float. Raise an error if duration format is -not recognized. - -\(fn DURATION &optional CANONICAL)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-duration-from-minutes "org-duration" "\ -Return duration string for a given number of MINUTES. - -Format duration according to `org-duration-format' or FMT, when -non-nil. - -When optional argument CANONICAL is non-nil, ignore -`org-duration-units' and use standard time units value. - -Raise an error if expected format is unknown. - -\(fn MINUTES &optional FMT CANONICAL)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-duration-h:mm-only-p "org-duration" "\ -Non-nil when every duration in TIMES has \"H:MM\" or \"H:MM:SS\" format. - -TIMES is a list of duration strings. - -Return nil if any duration is expressed with units, as defined in -`org-duration-units'. Otherwise, if any duration is expressed -with \"H:MM:SS\" format, return `h:mm:ss'. Otherwise, return -`h:mm'. - -\(fn TIMES)" nil nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-duration" '("org-duration-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-entities" "org-entities.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-entities.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-entities" '("org-entit"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-faces" "org-faces.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-faces.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-faces" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-goto" "org-goto.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-goto.el - -(autoload 'org-goto-location "org-goto" "\ -Let the user select a location in current buffer. -This function uses a recursive edit. It returns the selected -position or nil. - -\(fn &optional BUF HELP)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-goto "org-goto" "\ -Look up a different location in the current file, keeping current visibility. - -When you want look-up or go to a different location in a -document, the fastest way is often to fold the entire buffer and -then dive into the tree. This method has the disadvantage, that -the previous location will be folded, which may not be what you -want. - -This command works around this by showing a copy of the current -buffer in an indirect buffer, in overview mode. You can dive -into the tree in that copy, use org-occur and incremental search -to find a location. When pressing RET or `Q', the command -returns to the original buffer in which the visibility is still -unchanged. After RET it will also jump to the location selected -in the indirect buffer and expose the headline hierarchy above. - -With a prefix argument, use the alternative interface: e.g., if -`org-goto-interface' is `outline' use `outline-path-completion'. - -\(fn &optional ALTERNATIVE-INTERFACE)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-goto" '("org-goto-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-habit" "org-habit.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-habit.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-habit" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-inlinetask" "org-inlinetask.el" (0 0 0 -;;;;;; 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-inlinetask.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-inlinetask" '("org-inlinetask-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-keys" "org-keys.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-keys.el - -(autoload 'org-babel-describe-bindings "org-keys" "\ -Describe all keybindings behind `org-babel-key-prefix'. - -\(fn)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-keys" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-lint" "org-lint.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-lint.el - -(autoload 'org-lint "org-lint" "\ -Check current Org buffer for syntax mistakes. - -By default, run all checkers. With a `\\[universal-argument]' prefix ARG, select one -category of checkers only. With a `\\[universal-argument] \\[universal-argument]' prefix, run one precise -checker by its name. - -ARG can also be a list of checker names, as symbols, to run. - -\(fn &optional ARG)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-lint" '("org-lint-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-list" "org-list.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-list.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-list" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-macro" "org-macro.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-macro.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-macro" '("org-macro-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-macs" "org-macs.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-macs.el - -(autoload 'org-load-noerror-mustsuffix "org-macs" "\ -Load FILE with optional arguments NOERROR and MUSTSUFFIX. - -\(fn FILE)" nil t) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-macs" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "org-mobile" "org-mobile.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-mobile.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-mobile" '("org-mobile-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-mouse" "org-mouse.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-mouse.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-mouse" '("org-mouse-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-num" "org-num.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-num.el - -(autoload 'org-num-default-format "org-num" "\ -Default numbering display function. -NUMBERING is a list of numbers. - -\(fn NUMBERING)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-num-mode "org-num" "\ -Dynamic numbering of headlines in an Org buffer. - -\(fn &optional ARG)" t nil) - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-num" '("org-num-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-pcomplete" "org-pcomplete.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-pcomplete.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-pcomplete" '("pcomplete/org-mode/" "org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "org-plot" "org-plot.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-plot.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-plot" '("org-plot"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-protocol" "org-protocol.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-protocol.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-protocol" '("org-protocol-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-src" "org-src.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-src.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-src" '("org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "org-table" "org-table.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-table.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-table" '("org"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-tempo" "org-tempo.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-tempo.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-tempo" '("org-tempo-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "org-timer" "org-timer.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-timer.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "org-timer" '("org-timer-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil "org-version" "org-version.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from org-version.el - -(autoload 'org-release "org-version" "\ -The release version of Org. -Inserted by installing Org mode or when a release is made. - -\(fn)" nil nil) - -(autoload 'org-git-version "org-version" "\ -The Git version of Org mode. -Inserted by installing Org or when a release is made. - -\(fn)" nil nil) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox" "ox.el" (0 -;;;;;; 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox" '("org-export-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-ascii" "ox-ascii.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-ascii.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-ascii" '("org-ascii-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-beamer" "ox-beamer.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-beamer.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-beamer" '("org-beamer-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-html" "ox-html.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-html.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-html" '("org-html-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-icalendar" -;;;;;; "ox-icalendar.el" (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-icalendar.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-icalendar" '("org-icalendar-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-latex" "ox-latex.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-latex.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-latex" '("org-latex-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-man" "ox-man.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-man.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-man" '("org-man-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-md" "ox-md.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-md.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-md" '("org-md-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-odt" "ox-odt.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-odt.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-odt" '("org-odt-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-org" "ox-org.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-org.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-org" '("org-org-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-publish" "ox-publish.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-publish.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-publish" '("org-publish-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads "actual autoloads are elsewhere" "ox-texinfo" "ox-texinfo.el" -;;;;;; (0 0 0 0)) -;;; Generated autoloads from ox-texinfo.el - -(if (fboundp 'register-definition-prefixes) (register-definition-prefixes "ox-texinfo" '("org-texinfo-"))) - -;;;*** - -;;;### (autoloads nil nil ("ob-core.el" "ob-lob.el" "ob-matlab.el" -;;;;;; "ob-tangle.el" "ob.el" "ol-bbdb.el" "ol-irc.el" "org-archive.el" -;;;;;; "org-attach.el" "org-clock.el" "org-datetree.el" "org-element.el" -;;;;;; "org-feed.el" "org-footnote.el" "org-id.el" "org-indent.el" -;;;;;; "org-install.el" "org-loaddefs.el" "org-mobile.el" "org-pkg.el" -;;;;;; "org-plot.el" "org-table.el" "org-timer.el" "ox-ascii.el" -;;;;;; "ox-beamer.el" "ox-html.el" "ox-icalendar.el" "ox-latex.el" -;;;;;; "ox-man.el" "ox-md.el" "ox-odt.el" "ox-org.el" "ox-publish.el" -;;;;;; "ox-texinfo.el" "ox.el") (0 0 0 0)) - -;;;*** - -;; Local Variables: -;; version-control: never -;; no-byte-compile: t -;; no-update-autoloads: t -;; coding: utf-8 -;; End: -;;; org-autoloads.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/org-install.el b/elpa/org-20200127/org-install.el deleted file mode 100644 index 58359597..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/org-install.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -;;; org-install.el --- backward compatibility file for obsolete configuration -;; -;;; Code: -;; -;; The file org-install is obsolete. -;; -;; It is provided here so that (require 'org-install) does not -;; trigger an error for users with obsolete Emacs configuration. -;; You can safely remove (require 'org-install) from your config." - -(provide 'org-install) - -;; Local Variables: -;; no-byte-compile: t -;; coding: utf-8 -;; End: -;;; org-install.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/org-pkg.el b/elpa/org-20200127/org-pkg.el deleted file mode 100644 index 2393404c..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/org-pkg.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -(define-package "org" - "20200127" "Outline-based notes management and organizer" ( )) -;; Local Variables: -;; no-byte-compile: t -;; End: diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/org-plot.el b/elpa/org-20200127/org-plot.el deleted file mode 100644 index 8bf88392..00000000 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/org-plot.el +++ /dev/null @@ -1,354 +0,0 @@ -;;; org-plot.el --- Support for Plotting from Org -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- - -;; Copyright (C) 2008-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -;; -;; Author: Eric Schulte -;; Keywords: tables, plotting -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org -;; -;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. -;; -;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -;; (at your option) any later version. - -;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -;; GNU General Public License for more details. - -;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . - -;;; Commentary: - -;; Borrows ideas and a couple of lines of code from org-exp.el. - -;; Thanks to the Org mailing list for testing and implementation and -;; feature suggestions - -;;; Code: - -(require 'cl-lib) -(require 'org) -(require 'org-table) - -(declare-function gnuplot-delchar-or-maybe-eof "ext:gnuplot" (arg)) -(declare-function gnuplot-mode "ext:gnuplot" ()) -(declare-function gnuplot-send-buffer-to-gnuplot "ext:gnuplot" ()) - -(defvar org-plot/gnuplot-default-options - '((:plot-type . 2d) - (:with . lines) - (:ind . 0)) - "Default options to gnuplot used by `org-plot/gnuplot'.") - -(defvar org-plot-timestamp-fmt nil) - -(defun org-plot/add-options-to-plist (p options) - "Parse an OPTIONS line and set values in the property list P. -Returns the resulting property list." - (when options - (let ((op '(("type" . :plot-type) - ("script" . :script) - ("line" . :line) - ("set" . :set) - ("title" . :title) - ("ind" . :ind) - ("deps" . :deps) - ("with" . :with) - ("file" . :file) - ("labels" . :labels) - ("map" . :map) - ("timeind" . :timeind) - ("timefmt" . :timefmt))) - (multiples '("set" "line")) - (regexp ":\\([\"][^\"]+?[\"]\\|[(][^)]+?[)]\\|[^ \t\n\r;,.]*\\)") - (start 0)) - (dolist (o op) - (if (member (car o) multiples) ;; keys with multiple values - (while (string-match - (concat (regexp-quote (car o)) regexp) - options start) - (setq start (match-end 0)) - (setq p (plist-put p (cdr o) - (cons (car (read-from-string - (match-string 1 options))) - (plist-get p (cdr o))))) - p) - (if (string-match (concat (regexp-quote (car o)) regexp) - options) - (setq p (plist-put p (cdr o) - (car (read-from-string - (match-string 1 options)))))))))) - p) - -(defun org-plot/goto-nearest-table () - "Move the point forward to the beginning of nearest table. -Return value is the point at the beginning of the table." - (interactive) (move-beginning-of-line 1) - (while (not (or (org-at-table-p) (< 0 (forward-line 1))))) - (goto-char (org-table-begin))) - -(defun org-plot/collect-options (&optional params) - "Collect options from an org-plot `#+Plot:' line. -Accepts an optional property list PARAMS, to which the options -will be added. Returns the resulting property list." - (interactive) - (let ((line (thing-at-point 'line))) - (if (string-match "#\\+PLOT: +\\(.*\\)$" line) - (org-plot/add-options-to-plist params (match-string 1 line)) - params))) - -(defun org-plot-quote-timestamp-field (s) - "Convert field S from timestamp to Unix time and export to gnuplot." - (format-time-string org-plot-timestamp-fmt (org-time-string-to-time s))) - -(defun org-plot-quote-tsv-field (s) - "Quote field S for export to gnuplot." - (if (string-match org-table-number-regexp s) s - (if (string-match org-ts-regexp3 s) - (org-plot-quote-timestamp-field s) - (concat "\"" (mapconcat 'identity (split-string s "\"") "\"\"") "\"")))) - -(defun org-plot/gnuplot-to-data (table data-file params) - "Export TABLE to DATA-FILE in a format readable by gnuplot. -Pass PARAMS through to `orgtbl-to-generic' when exporting TABLE." - (with-temp-file - data-file - (setq-local org-plot-timestamp-fmt (or - (plist-get params :timefmt) - "%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S")) - (insert (orgtbl-to-generic - table - (org-combine-plists - '(:sep "\t" :fmt org-plot-quote-tsv-field) - params)))) - nil) - -(defun org-plot/gnuplot-to-grid-data (table data-file params) - "Export the data in TABLE to DATA-FILE for gnuplot. -This means in a format appropriate for grid plotting by gnuplot. -PARAMS specifies which columns of TABLE should be plotted as independent -and dependent variables." - (interactive) - (let* ((ind (- (plist-get params :ind) 1)) - (deps (if (plist-member params :deps) - (mapcar (lambda (val) (- val 1)) (plist-get params :deps)) - (let (collector) - (dotimes (col (length (nth 0 table))) - (setf collector (cons col collector))) - collector))) - (counter 0) - row-vals) - (when (>= ind 0) ;; collect values of ind col - (setf row-vals (mapcar (lambda (row) (setf counter (+ 1 counter)) - (cons counter (nth ind row))) table))) - (when (or deps (>= ind 0)) ;; remove non-plotting columns - (setf deps (delq ind deps)) - (setf table (mapcar (lambda (row) - (dotimes (col (length row)) - (unless (memq col deps) - (setf (nth col row) nil))) - (delq nil row)) - table))) - ;; write table to gnuplot grid datafile format - (with-temp-file data-file - (let ((num-rows (length table)) (num-cols (length (nth 0 table))) - (gnuplot-row (lambda (col row value) - (setf col (+ 1 col)) (setf row (+ 1 row)) - (format "%f %f %f\n%f %f %f\n" - col (- row 0.5) value ;; lower edge - col (+ row 0.5) value))) ;; upper edge - front-edge back-edge) - (dotimes (col num-cols) - (dotimes (row num-rows) - (setf back-edge - (concat back-edge - (funcall gnuplot-row (- col 1) row - (string-to-number (nth col (nth row table)))))) - (setf front-edge - (concat front-edge - (funcall gnuplot-row col row - (string-to-number (nth col (nth row table))))))) - ;; only insert once per row - (insert back-edge) (insert "\n") ;; back edge - (insert front-edge) (insert "\n") ;; front edge - (setf back-edge "") (setf front-edge "")))) - row-vals)) - -(defun org-plot/gnuplot-script (data-file num-cols params &optional preface) - "Write a gnuplot script to DATA-FILE respecting the options set in PARAMS. -NUM-COLS controls the number of columns plotted in a 2-d plot. -Optional argument PREFACE returns only option parameters in a -manner suitable for prepending to a user-specified script." - (let* ((type (plist-get params :plot-type)) - (with (if (eq type 'grid) 'pm3d (plist-get params :with))) - (sets (plist-get params :set)) - (lines (plist-get params :line)) - (map (plist-get params :map)) - (title (plist-get params :title)) - (file (plist-get params :file)) - (ind (plist-get params :ind)) - (time-ind (plist-get params :timeind)) - (timefmt (plist-get params :timefmt)) - (text-ind (plist-get params :textind)) - (deps (if (plist-member params :deps) (plist-get params :deps))) - (col-labels (plist-get params :labels)) - (x-labels (plist-get params :xlabels)) - (y-labels (plist-get params :ylabels)) - (plot-str "'%s' using %s%d%s with %s title '%s'") - (plot-cmd (pcase type - (`2d "plot") - (`3d "splot") - (`grid "splot"))) - (script "reset") - ;; ats = add-to-script - (ats (lambda (line) (setf script (concat script "\n" line)))) - plot-lines) - (when file ; output file - (funcall ats (format "set term %s" (file-name-extension file))) - (funcall ats (format "set output '%s'" file))) - (pcase type ; type - (`2d ()) - (`3d (when map (funcall ats "set map"))) - (`grid (funcall ats (if map "set pm3d map" "set pm3d")))) - (when title (funcall ats (format "set title '%s'" title))) ; title - (mapc ats lines) ; line - (dolist (el sets) (funcall ats (format "set %s" el))) ; set - ;; Unless specified otherwise, values are TAB separated. - (unless (string-match-p "^set datafile separator" script) - (funcall ats "set datafile separator \"\\t\"")) - (when x-labels ; x labels (xtics) - (funcall ats - (format "set xtics (%s)" - (mapconcat (lambda (pair) - (format "\"%s\" %d" (cdr pair) (car pair))) - x-labels ", ")))) - (when y-labels ; y labels (ytics) - (funcall ats - (format "set ytics (%s)" - (mapconcat (lambda (pair) - (format "\"%s\" %d" (cdr pair) (car pair))) - y-labels ", ")))) - (when time-ind ; timestamp index - (funcall ats "set xdata time") - (funcall ats (concat "set timefmt \"" - (or timefmt ; timefmt passed to gnuplot - "%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S") "\""))) - (unless preface - (pcase type ; plot command - (`2d (dotimes (col num-cols) - (unless (and (eq type '2d) - (or (and ind (equal (1+ col) ind)) - (and deps (not (member (1+ col) deps))))) - (setf plot-lines - (cons - (format plot-str data-file - (or (and ind (> ind 0) - (not text-ind) - (format "%d:" ind)) "") - (1+ col) - (if text-ind (format ":xticlabel(%d)" ind) "") - with - (or (nth col col-labels) - (format "%d" (1+ col)))) - plot-lines))))) - (`3d - (setq plot-lines (list (format "'%s' matrix with %s title ''" - data-file with)))) - (`grid - (setq plot-lines (list (format "'%s' with %s title ''" - data-file with))))) - (funcall ats - (concat plot-cmd " " (mapconcat #'identity - (reverse plot-lines) - ",\\\n ")))) - script)) - -;;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -;; facade functions -;;;###autoload -(defun org-plot/gnuplot (&optional params) - "Plot table using gnuplot. Gnuplot options can be specified with PARAMS. -If not given options will be taken from the +PLOT -line directly before or after the table." - (interactive) - (require 'gnuplot) - (save-window-excursion - (delete-other-windows) - (when (get-buffer "*gnuplot*") ; reset *gnuplot* if it already running - (with-current-buffer "*gnuplot*" - (goto-char (point-max)))) - (org-plot/goto-nearest-table) - ;; Set default options. - (dolist (pair org-plot/gnuplot-default-options) - (unless (plist-member params (car pair)) - (setf params (plist-put params (car pair) (cdr pair))))) - ;; collect table and table information - (let* ((data-file (make-temp-file "org-plot")) - (table (org-table-to-lisp)) - (num-cols (length (if (eq (nth 0 table) 'hline) (nth 1 table) - (nth 0 table))))) - (run-with-idle-timer 0.1 nil #'delete-file data-file) - (while (eq 'hline (car table)) (setf table (cdr table))) - (when (eq (cadr table) 'hline) - (setf params - (plist-put params :labels (nth 0 table))) ; headers to labels - (setf table (delq 'hline (cdr table)))) ; clean non-data from table - ;; Collect options. - (save-excursion (while (and (equal 0 (forward-line -1)) - (looking-at "[[:space:]]*#\\+")) - (setf params (org-plot/collect-options params)))) - ;; Dump table to datafile (very different for grid). - (pcase (plist-get params :plot-type) - (`2d (org-plot/gnuplot-to-data table data-file params)) - (`3d (org-plot/gnuplot-to-data table data-file params)) - (`grid (let ((y-labels (org-plot/gnuplot-to-grid-data - table data-file params))) - (when y-labels (plist-put params :ylabels y-labels))))) - ;; Check for timestamp ind column. - (let ((ind (1- (plist-get params :ind)))) - (when (and (>= ind 0) (eq '2d (plist-get params :plot-type))) - (if (= (length - (delq 0 (mapcar - (lambda (el) - (if (string-match org-ts-regexp3 el) 0 1)) - (mapcar (lambda (row) (nth ind row)) table)))) - 0) - (plist-put params :timeind t) - ;; Check for text ind column. - (if (or (string= (plist-get params :with) "hist") - (> (length - (delq 0 (mapcar - (lambda (el) - (if (string-match org-table-number-regexp el) - 0 1)) - (mapcar (lambda (row) (nth ind row)) table)))) - 0)) - (plist-put params :textind t))))) - ;; Write script. - (with-temp-buffer - (if (plist-get params :script) ; user script - (progn (insert - (org-plot/gnuplot-script data-file num-cols params t)) - (insert "\n") - (insert-file-contents (plist-get params :script)) - (goto-char (point-min)) - (while (re-search-forward "\\$datafile" nil t) - (replace-match data-file nil nil))) - (insert (org-plot/gnuplot-script data-file num-cols params))) - ;; Graph table. - (gnuplot-mode) - (gnuplot-send-buffer-to-gnuplot)) - ;; Cleanup. - (bury-buffer (get-buffer "*gnuplot*"))))) - -(provide 'org-plot) - -;; Local variables: -;; generated-autoload-file: "org-loaddefs.el" -;; End: - -;;; org-plot.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/orgcard.pdf b/elpa/org-20200127/orgcard.pdf deleted file mode 100644 index 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z_q~=*yd|$aFf?>6UYOB+4kpvraPNq`H-Jd-$nSN%w{wFGG2pn$uJ!T6R%~vSz5s zS$!n;7kuGowsd>L*!dfN3B`TB0=!*dQ4gs}a))dw#FLjfP8X$5N-jiWD>jKkBHi=r zXkj5qnp3sdSwAwiCP>Fi7OfIEgU=Vv7qPhu^_umfxC;KIsSmBRnN8JFsf6%ef-d?x z?Dpcq*R7NpQkeZ}qBO%Xf_r=9?8m|IZf)wiZHb}6f4MSb5QKj-6aHSWemDYA1$rv{G9dEAl-KM26dk9VMuF^(iuqp?z=67WBBme<(iwRd) kMmfC=-);4ubB>6-NQsQ0$R=xUZe?v_qXL1rdZ1PQ1Q_H|_5c6? diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/.dir-locals.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/.dir-locals.el new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9df10dfe --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/.dir-locals.el @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +;;; Directory Local Variables +;;; For more information see (info "(emacs) Directory Variables") + +((nil + (indent-tabs-mode . t) + (tab-width . 8) + (fill-column . 70) + (sentence-end-double-space . t)) + (emacs-lisp-mode + (indent-tabs-mode)) + (org-mode + (indent-tabs-mode) + (org-adapt-indentation) + (org-edit-src-content-indentation . 0) + (org-footnote-auto-adjust . t) + (org-footnote-auto-label . t) + (org-footnote-define-inline . nil) + (org-footnote-section . "Footnotes") + (org-hide-emphasis-markers . nil))) + + + diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/CONTRIBUTE b/elpa/org-9.5.2/CONTRIBUTE new file mode 100644 index 00000000..94d471a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/CONTRIBUTE @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +-*- mode: org; fill-column:70 -*- + +The text below explains the rules for participating in Org mode +development. + +* Org maintenance + +Org maintenance is detailed on Worg: see [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-maintenance.html][org-maintenance]]. + +* Main contribution rules + +1. The master git repository is hosted publicly on [[https://savannah.gnu.org][savannah.gnu.org]]. + + : git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/emacs/org-mode.git + + This is sufficient to start hacking and to produce patches that can + easily and consistently be applied to the main repository. + +2. People who want to participate to the Org mode development can send + patches to this address: + + : emacs-orgmode@gnu.org + +3. If you are a regular contributor, you can request push access to + the repository by creating an account on [[https://savannah.gnu.org/account/register.php][savannah.gnu.org]] and by + [[https://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=emacs][joining the Emacs group]]. + + After you have been added as a user with push privileges, you can + clone the repository like this: + + : git clone USERNAME@git.savannah.gnu.org:/srv/git/emacs/org-mode.git + + Replace =USERNAME= with your Savannah username. + +4. By requesting push access, you acknowledge that you have read and + agreed with the following rules: + + - Org mode is part of GNU Emacs. Therefore, we need to be very + conscious about changes moving into the Org mode core. These can + originate only from people who have signed the appropriate papers + with the Free Software Foundation. The files to which this + applies are: + + - all *.el files in the lisp directory of the repository + - orgcard.tex and all *.org files in the doc/ directory + + - Before making any significant changes, please explain and discuss + them on the mailing list [[mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org][emacs-orgmode@gnu.org]]. + + This does obviously not apply to people who are maintaining their + own contributions to Org mode. Please just use the new mechanism + to make sure all changes end up in the right place. + + We value a nice tone in our discussions: please check and respect + the [[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/kind-communication.en.html][GNU Kind Communications Guidelines]]. + + - Org mode no longer uses ChangeLog entries to document changes. + Instead, special commit messages are used, as described in the + `CONTRIBUTE' file in the main Emacs repository. + + - Among other things, Org mode is widely appreciated because of its + simplicity, cleanness and consistency. We should try to preserve + them and ask everyone to keep this in mind when posting changes. + +See [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contribute.html][worg/org-contribute]] for guidance on how to contribute effectively. + +* The =contrib/= directory + +The git repository used to contain a =contrib/= directory. Files in +this directory were moved to a new [[https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib][org-contrib]] repository before Org +9.5. You can install the new =org-contrib= from [[https://elpa.nongnu.org/nongnu/][NonGNU ELPA]]. diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/COPYING b/elpa/org-9.5.2/COPYING similarity index 99% rename from elpa/org-20200127/COPYING rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/COPYING index 94a9ed02..e6000869 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/COPYING +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/COPYING @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3, 29 June 2007 - Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. @@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with this program. If not, see . + along with this program. If not, see . Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. @@ -664,11 +664,11 @@ might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see -. +. The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read -. +. diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/Makefile b/elpa/org-9.5.2/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f2a14b5d --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +.NOTPARALLEL: # always run this make serially +.SUFFIXES: # we don't need default suffix rules +ifeq ($(MAKELEVEL), 0) + $(error This make needs to be started as a sub-make from the toplevel directory.) +endif + +ifneq ($(ORG_ADD_CONTRIB),) + _ORG_ADD_EL_ := \ + $(notdir \ + $(wildcard \ + $(addsuffix .el, \ + $(addprefix ../contrib/lisp/, \ + $(basename \ + $(notdir $(ORG_ADD_CONTRIB))))))) +endif + +LISPV := org-version.el +LISPI := org-loaddefs.el +LISPA := $(LISPV) $(LISPI) +LISPB := $(LISPA:%el=%elc) org-install.elc +LISPF := $(filter-out $(LISPA),$(sort $(wildcard *.el) $(_ORG_ADD_EL_))) +LISPC := $(filter-out $(LISPB) $(LISPN:%el=%elc),$(LISPF:%el=%elc)) +_ORGCM_ := dirall single source slint1 slint2 +-include local.mk + +.PHONY: all compile compile-dirty \ + $(_ORGCM_) $(_ORGCM_:%=compile-%) \ + autoloads addcontrib \ + install clean cleanauto cleanall cleanelc clean-install + +# do not clean here, done in toplevel make +all compile compile-dirty:: autoloads +ifeq ($(filter-out $(_ORGCM_),$(ORGCM)),) + $(MAKE) compile-$(ORGCM) +else + $(error ORGCM has illegal value $(ORGCM) (valid: $(_ORGCM_))) +endif + +compile-dirall: dirall +compile-single: single $(LISPC) +compile-source: source dirall +compile-slint1: dirall slint1 +compile-slint2: source dirall slint1 + +# internal +dirall: + @$(info ==================== $@ ====================) + @$(ELCDIR) +single: + @$(info ==================== $@ ====================) +source: cleanelc + @$(info ==================== $@ ====================) + @$(foreach elc,$(LISPC),$(MAKE) $(elc) && $(RM) $(elc);) +slint1: + @$(info ==================== $@ ====================) + @$(foreach elc,$(LISPC),$(RM) $(elc); $(MAKE) $(elc);) + +%.elc: %.el + @$(info Compiling single $(abspath $<)...) + -@$(ELC) $< + +addcontrib: +ifneq ($(ORG_ADD_CONTRIB),) + $(CP) $(addprefix ../contrib/lisp/,$(_ORG_ADD_EL_)) . +endif + +autoloads: cleanauto addcontrib $(LISPI) $(LISPV) + +$(LISPV): $(LISPF) + @echo "org-version: $(ORGVERSION) ($(GITVERSION))" + @$(RM) $(@) + @$(MAKE_ORG_VERSION) + +$(LISPI): $(LISPV) $(LISPF) + @echo "org-loaddefs: $(ORGVERSION) ($(GITVERSION))" + @$(RM) $(@) + @$(MAKE_ORG_INSTALL) + +install: compile $(LISPF) + if [ ! -d $(DESTDIR)$(lispdir) ] ; then \ + $(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(lispdir) ; \ + fi ; + $(CP) $(LISPC) $(LISPF) $(LISPA) $(DESTDIR)$(lispdir) + +cleanauto clean cleanall:: + $(RM) $(LISPA) $(LISPB) +clean cleanall cleanelc:: + $(RM) *.elc + +clean-install: + if [ -d $(DESTDIR)$(lispdir) ] ; then \ + $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(lispdir)/org*.el* $(DESTDIR)$(lispdir)/ob*.el* $(DESTDIR)$(lispdir)/ol*.el* $(DESTDIR)$(lispdir)/ox*.el* ; \ + fi ; diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/README b/elpa/org-9.5.2/README new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b0e39b97 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/README @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +-*- mode: org; fill-column:70 -*- + +This is a distribution of Org, a plain text notes and project planning +tool for Emacs. + +Check the [[https://orgmode.org][homepage of Org]] and the [[https://orgmode.org/org.html#Installation][installations instructions]]. + +* Contents of this distribution + +- README :: This file. + +- COPYING :: The GNU General Public License. + +- Makefile :: The makefile to compile and install Org. For + installation instructions, see [[https://orgmode.org/org.html#Installation][the manual]] or [[https://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-build-system.html][this more detailed + procedure on Worg]]. + +- mk/ :: Files needed for building Org. + +- lisp/ :: Directory with all the Emacs Lisp files that make up Org. + +- doc/ :: The documentation files. org.texi is the source of the + documentation, org.html and org.pdf are formatted versions of it. + +- etc/ :: Files needed for the ODT exporter. + +- testing/ :: Testing suite for Org. + +- request-assign-future.txt :: The form that contributors have to sign + and get processed with the FSF before contributed changes can be + integrated into the Org core. All files in this distribution have + copyright assigned to the FSF. + +* Join the GNU Project + +Org is part of GNU Emacs and GNU Emacs is part of the GNU Operating +System, developed by the GNU Project. + +If you are the author of an awesome program and want to join us in +writing Free (libre) Software, please consider making it an official +GNU program and become a GNU Maintainer. Instructions on how to do +this are here http://www.gnu.org/help/evaluation + +Don't have a program to contribute? Look at all the other ways to +help: https://www.gnu.org/help/help.html + +And to learn more about Free (libre) Software in general, please +read and share this page: https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html + +* License + +Org-mode is published under [[https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html][the GNU GPLv3 license]] or any later +version, the same as GNU Emacs. + +Org-mode is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + +GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with Org mode. If not, see . diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/README_ELPA b/elpa/org-9.5.2/README_ELPA similarity index 83% rename from elpa/org-20200127/README_ELPA rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/README_ELPA index 7640a449..c1ff5e28 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/README_ELPA +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/README_ELPA @@ -10,16 +10,13 @@ This distribution contains an ELPA packaged version of Org. "ELPA" stands for the "Emacs Lisp Package Archive". The GNU ELPA is at: - http://elpa.gnu.org + https://elpa.gnu.org It contains the org-*.tar package, containing only the org files that are also part of GNU Emacs. There are other ELPA online, offering more packages. -Some contain the org-plus-contrib-*.tar ELPA package, which bundles -the core Org files plus many additional contributed libraries. - All ELPA packages of Org contain: README_ELPA diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/dir b/elpa/org-9.5.2/dir new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d54db650 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/dir @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +This is the file .../info/dir, which contains the +topmost node of the Info hierarchy, called (dir)Top. +The first time you invoke Info you start off looking at this node. + +File: dir, Node: Top This is the top of the INFO tree + + This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics. + Typing "q" exits, "H" lists all Info commands, "d" returns here, + "h" gives a primer for first-timers, + "mEmacs" visits the Emacs manual, etc. + + In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference + to select it. + +* Menu: + +Emacs editing modes +* Org Guide: (orgguide). Abbreviated Org mode manual. +* Org Mode: (org). Outline-based notes management and organizer. diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/.aspell.org.conf b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/.aspell.org.conf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dd8601d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/.aspell.org.conf @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +# Aspell configuration for proof reading Org documentation. + +# Org documentation is written in American... + +master en_US-w_accents +lang en_US + +# Assume the Org specific word and replacement lists are in the doc +# directory and that any spell check is also run from there. Specify +# this file when running aspell by some command like: +# +# $ aspell check --per-conf=".aspell.org.conf" org.texi + +personal ./.aspell.org.pws +repl ./.aspell.org.prepl + +# Checking options. See man aspell. + +save-repl true +sug-mode normal +ignore-case false +ignore-accents false + +# Filters + +# For some reason the following doesn't seem to work which stuffs up +# trying to use Ispell mode from an Emacs buffer (at least I cannot +# make it work) but aspell seems abot to recognise texinfo files +# automatically when checking from the command line so it doesn't +# matter much. + +# mode texinfo + +lset-filter tex:url + +# Let's be clear about what we choose to ignore. + +clear-f-texinfo-ignore + +add-f-texinfo-ignore c +add-f-texinfo-ignore code +add-f-texinfo-ignore command +add-f-texinfo-ignore documentencoding +add-f-texinfo-ignore email +add-f-texinfo-ignore env +add-f-texinfo-ignore file +add-f-texinfo-ignore kbd +add-f-texinfo-ignore macro +add-f-texinfo-ignore option +add-f-texinfo-ignore printindex +add-f-texinfo-ignore samp +add-f-texinfo-ignore set +add-f-texinfo-ignore setfilename +add-f-texinfo-ignore syncode +add-f-texinfo-ignore url +add-f-texinfo-ignore value +add-f-texinfo-ignore var +add-f-texinfo-ignore verb +add-f-texinfo-ignore verbatiminclude +add-f-texinfo-ignore vskip + +# Utility options + +backup true +guess true +suggest true + +# Miscellaneous +# +# Org documentation uses a lot of compound words. Try and ignore them +# rather than including them in a specific word list. + +run-together-limit 2 +run-together-min 2 + +# + +# Local variables: +# fill-column: 72 +# mode: conf +# End: diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/.nosearch b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/.nosearch new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50a914b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/.nosearch @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +No search diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/Documentation_Standards.org b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/Documentation_Standards.org new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c4dd862d --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/Documentation_Standards.org @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +#+TITLE: Notes on documenting Org +#+AUTHOR: Phil Rooke +#+EMAIL: phil@yax.org.uk +#+LANGUAGE: en +#+STARTUP: showall +#+TEXT: Notes to myself justifying the conventions and standards in my +#+TEXT: set of recent doc patches. +#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:t toc:t \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:nil *:t TeX:t + +* Background + +I think it is an express objective of Carsten's that Org should be +readily accessible to all users of Emacs and not just those who might +happen to read or hack on the code of this particular package. To +that end significant effort has been made and continues to be made by +the Org community to ensure that high quality, user focused, +documentation is readily available to everyone. + +Org itself contains a comprehensive guide to using all aspects of the +system, how to extend it yourself, and highlights some of the many +burgeoning number of add-on packages that others are contributing. +This guide, [[info:org:Top][The Org Manual]], concentrates on the facts of working with +the system. Supplementing this, the [[Org web pages]] contain pointers to +many tutorials and how-to's which capture much of spirit and +imagination people show when using Org as a basis for building broader +organizational systems that help them help themselves. + +I use Org, but it is a big system, and so I happen to think that +improving the consistency, clarity and accuracy of Org documents helps +both me and all other users of the system. In support of this and by +way of justification and clarification, this short note attempts to +capture some of the existing guidelines and standards that have been +used in the patches I am submitting and, which I hope, may be adopted +by others when making their own contributions. + +* Referencing systems, packages, modes and much else + +Originally Org was a single mode and there was no ambiguity about what +Org mode could refer to. Things have changed rapidly though and it +seems that Carsten now thinks of Org as the system encompassing the +major mode, some minor modes, and an increasing number of additional +packages and plug-ins that build on the core Org functionality. It is +really hard to find a consistent way to refer to all these things, but +what I am trying to do is follow these guidelines (which are not +perfect, merely a start): + +- In general write "Org" as much as possible and, in particular, when + discussing concepts, features and functions that are generally + applicable to Org as a whole. + +- Be more specific and write, for example, "the Orgtbl minor mode" + when referring to something unique to that feature. It may be, for + example, a command is only available when you are actually editing a + file using just that mode, add-on package or plug-in. + +- Prefer "Org mode" to "Org-mode" or "org-mode". This is simply + because it reflects an existing convention in [[info:emacs:Top][The Emacs Manual]] which + consistently documents mode names in this form - "Text mode", + "Outline mode", "Mail mode", etc. + +- Likewise refer, if at all possible, to "Org file or "Org buffer" + meaning with, great generality, any file or buffer which requires + use of some part of Org to edit it properly. + +- Org uses "org-..." to ring fence a name space for itself in the + Emacs code base. This is obviously retained in code snippets. + +* Other Org specific conventions + +Unless there is a good reason to do otherwise, then try and adopt the +following conventions. (I think all can be justified by reference to +Carsten or precedent in other significant Emacs documentation, unless +I have made them up of course). + +- Org has *lots* of commands and a /lot/ of them take prefix arguments of + one sort or another. Write in full "prefix argument", "numeric + prefix argument" or, maybe, "a numeric prefix argument N" when you + want to refer to the argument again. + +- Org lives in various states of harmony and discord with other Emacs + packages. Try and write the names of those packages as their + authors and maintainers write them. So it should be (I think) BBDB, + MH-E, Rmail, VM, Gnus, CDLaTeX etc. + +- TODO keywords, whether Org or user defined, are written in capitals. + +- Built-in tags with a special meaning (e.g. ARCHIVE) are written in + uppercase. User defined tags (e.g. boss, home) are written in + lowercase. + +- Built-in properties (e.g. PRIORITY) are written in uppercase. User + defined properties (e.g. Release) are written in lowercase. + +- Entries in the concept index are normally all lower case unless some + other rule dictates otherwise. + +* org-manual.org specific conventions + +Org git repository comes with an .org version of the manual in the +=doc/= directory. Here are indications that are specific to this +version of the manual. + +- Five of the standard Texinfo indexes are used in the Org manual: + + + #+cindex: :: concept index, for general concepts + + #+findex: :: function index, for function and function-like names + + #+kindex: :: keystroke index, for keyboard commands + + #+pindex: :: program index, for names of programs + + #+vindex: :: variable index, for variable names + +- Use fixed-width area for one-line examples. + +- Use example blocks for Org syntax instead of "begin_src org". + +- Internal links to headlines always start with a star. + +- Tags, node properties, are not shown with the surrounding colons. + +- When to use = ... = or ~ ... ~ markup: + + + files or extensions use = ... =, + + anything that is meant to be written in the Org buffer uses = ... =, + + any meaningful token in a programming language uses ~ ... ~. + +* Miscellaneous + + - Only two of the standard Texinfo indexes are used; those for + concepts and keys. This has some implications: + + + The preference is to document commands by key rather than by name + + + Texinfo commands such as @var and @defoption are not used. The + preference for this type of thing is that the user browses the + customize groups. If you want or need to refer to, say, a + variable then document it as "the variable + @code{org-startup-folded}" + + + Entries in the concept index are normally all lower case unless + some other rule dictates otherwise. + + - Org documentation is written in American English, which is somewhat + foreign as far as I am concerned, but live with it anyway. + + - Org uses a number of compound words, words that I wouldn't + necessarily run together. Instead of worrying about whether these + should be separate, hyphenated or compound I have simply gone with + the majority case as originally written and then tried to make sure + the spell checker knows what this chosen standard should be so that + I do not worry about it anymore. + + - I have run a spell checker periodically. Aspell works well and has + a useful Texinfo filter (although, annoyingly, I cannot make this + work with ispell.el and so I run it from the command line). I have + an Org specific Aspell configuration file (which sets an American + dictionary, rules for compound words etc) and which, along with the + associated word and replacement files, captures some of the more + detailed and somewhat arbitrary rules I have used. + + - Org has really low entry barriers. Requirements seem simply to be: + + + You can use Text mode or, pretty much, any derivative of it + + You have some motivation to become slightly better organized. + + Therefore, try and write the documentation so that it is relevant + to, and can be read by such a diverse audience. + +# Local variables: +# mode: org +# ispell-local-dictionary: "en_US-w_accents" +# ispell-local-pdict: "./.aspell.org.pws" +# End: diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/Makefile b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cb6d72bd --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +.SUFFIXES: # we don't need default suffix rules +ifeq ($(MAKELEVEL), 0) + $(error This make needs to be started as a sub-make from the toplevel directory.) +endif +.PHONY: all info html pdf card manual guide install \ + clean cleanall clean-install + +all: $(ORG_MAKE_DOC) + +info: org orgguide + +html: org.html orgguide.html + +pdf: org.pdf orgguide.pdf + +card: orgcard.pdf orgcard_letter.pdf orgguide.pdf + +ifneq ($(SERVERMK),) +manual guide:: + -$(RMR) $@ + $(MKDIR) $@ +manual:: org.texi org-version.inc + $(TEXI2HTML) -o $@ $< + ../mk/mansplit.pl $@/* +guide:: orgguide.texi org-version.inc + $(TEXI2HTML) -o $@ $< + ../mk/guidesplit.pl $@/* +endif + +org.texi: org-manual.org + $(BATCH) \ + --eval '(add-to-list `load-path "../lisp")' \ + --eval '(load "../mk/org-fixup.el")' \ + --eval '(org-make-manual)' + +orgguide.texi: org-guide.org + $(BATCH) \ + --eval '(add-to-list `load-path "../lisp")' \ + --eval '(load "../mk/org-fixup.el")' \ + --eval '(org-make-guide)' + +org-version.inc: org.texi + @echo "org-version: $(ORGVERSION) ($(GITVERSION))" + @echo "@c automatically generated, do not edit" > org-version.inc + @echo "@set VERSION $(ORGVERSION) ($(GITVERSION))" >> org-version.inc + @echo "@set DATE $(DATE)" >> org-version.inc + +org-version.tex: orgcard.tex + @printf "org-version: $(ORGVERSION) ($(GITVERSION))\n" + @printf "%% automatically generated, do not edit\n" > org-version.tex + @printf "\def\orgversionnumber{$(ORGVERSION)}\n" >> org-version.tex + @printf "\def\\\\versionyear{$(YEAR)}\n" >> org-version.tex + @printf "\def\year{$(YEAR)}\n" >> org-version.tex + +install: org orgguide + if [ ! -d $(DESTDIR)$(infodir) ]; then $(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(infodir); else true; fi ; + $(CP) org.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir) + $(CP) orgguide.info $(DESTDIR)$(infodir) + $(INSTALL_INFO) --infodir=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir) org.info + $(INSTALL_INFO) --infodir=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir) orgguide.info + +clean: + $(RM) *.pdf *.html *.info *_letter.tex org-version.inc org-version.tex \ + *.aux *.cp *.cps *.dvi *.fn *.fns *.ky *.kys *.pg *.pgs *.toc \ + *.tp *.tps *.vr *.vrs *.log *.ps +cleanall: clean + $(RM) org.texi orgguide.texi + $(RMR) guide manual + +clean-install: + $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)/org* + $(INSTALL_INFO) --infodir=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir) --remove org + $(INSTALL_INFO) --infodir=$(DESTDIR)$(infodir) --remove orgguide + +.SUFFIXES: .texi .tex .txt _letter.tex + +%: %.texi org-version.inc + $(MAKEINFO) --no-split $< -o $@.info + +# the following two lines work around a bug in some versions of texi2dvi +%.pdf: LC_ALL=C +%.pdf: LANG=C +%.pdf: %.texi org-version.inc + $(TEXI2PDF) $< +%.pdf: %.tex org-version.tex + PDFLATEX=$(PDFTEX) $(TEXI2PDF) $< + +%.html: %.texi org-version.inc + $(TEXI2HTML) --no-split -o $@ $< +ifneq ($(SERVERMK),) + ../mk/manfull.pl $@ + +%.txt: %.tex + perl ../mk/orgcard2txt.pl $< > $@ +endif + +%_letter.tex: %.tex + $(BATCH) \ + --eval '(add-to-list `load-path "../lisp")' \ + --eval '(load "org-compat.el")' \ + --eval '(load "../mk/org-fixup.el")' \ + --eval '(org-make-letterformat "$(. + +# XXX: We cannot use TODO keyword as a node starts with "TODO". +#+todo: REVIEW FIXME | DONE +#+property: header-args :eval no +#+startup: overview nologdone + +# Use proper quote and backtick for code sections in PDF output +# Cf. Texinfo manual 14.2 +#+texinfo_header: @set txicodequoteundirected +#+texinfo_header: @set txicodequotebacktick + +# Contact Info +#+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{https://orgmode.org,maintainers webpage} +#+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINER Bastien Guerry +#+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{bzg@gnu.org} +#+texinfo_header: @set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:bzg@gnu.org,contact the maintainer} + +#+options: H:4 num:t toc:t author:t \n:nil ::t |:t ^:nil -:t f:t *:t <:t e:t ':t +#+options: d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc stat:nil broken-links:mark +#+select_tags: export +#+exclude_tags: noexport + +#+macro: cite @@texinfo:@cite{@@$1@@texinfo:}@@ +#+macro: var @@texinfo:@var{@@$1@@texinfo:}@@ + +# The "version" macro extracts "Version" keyword from "org.el". It +# returns major.minor version number. This is sufficient since bugfix +# releases are not expected to add features and therefore imply manual +# modifications. +#+macro: version (eval (with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect "../lisp/org.el") (org-with-point-at 1 (if (re-search-forward "Version: +\\([0-9.]+\\)" nil t) (mapconcat #'identity (cl-subseq (split-string (match-string-no-properties 1) "\\.") 0 2) ".") (error "Missing \"Version\" keyword in \"org.el\""))))) + +# The "kbd" macro turns KBD into @kbd{KBD}. Additionally, it +# encloses case-sensitive special keys (SPC, RET...) within @key{...}. +#+macro: kbd (eval (let ((case-fold-search nil) (regexp (regexp-opt '("SPC" "RET" "LFD" "TAB" "BS" "ESC" "DELETE" "SHIFT" "Ctrl" "Meta" "Alt" "Cmd" "Super" "UP" "LEFT" "RIGHT" "DOWN") 'words))) (format "@@texinfo:@kbd{@@%s@@texinfo:}@@" (replace-regexp-in-string regexp "@@texinfo:@key{@@\\&@@texinfo:}@@" $1 t)))) + diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/fdl.org b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/fdl.org new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2cc082bb --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/fdl.org @@ -0,0 +1,490 @@ +# The GNU Free Documentation License. +#+begin_center +Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 +#+end_center + +# This file is intended to be included within another document. + +#+begin_verse +Copyright \copy{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +https://fsf.org/ + +Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies +of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +#+end_verse + +0. [@0] PREAMBLE + + The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other + functional and useful document @@texinfo:@dfn{@@free@@texinfo:}@@ + in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom + to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either + commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License + preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for + their work, while not being considered responsible for + modifications made by others. + + This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative + works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. + It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft + license designed for free software. + + We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for + free software, because free software needs free documentation: + a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms + that the software does. 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Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document + for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and + likewise the network locations given in the Document for + previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the + "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work + that was published at least four years before the Document + itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers + to gives permission. + + 11. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", + Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section + all the substance and tone of each of the contributor + acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. + + 12. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered + in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the + equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. + + 13. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". 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To do this, add their titles to the + list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. + These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. + + You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains + nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various + parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has + been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a + standard. + + You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a + passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list + of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of + Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or + through arrangements made by) any one entity. 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If + the Document does not specify a version number of this License, + you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the + Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy + can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that + proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently + authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. + +11. RELICENSING + + "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any + World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also + provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. + A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such + a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") + contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus + published on the MMC site. + + "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 + license published by Creative Commons Corporation, + a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in + San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of + that license published by that same organization. + + "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole + or in part, as part of another Document. + + An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this + License, and if all works that were first published under this + License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently + incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover + texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior + to November 1, 2008. + + The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the + site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, + 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. + +#+texinfo: @page + +* ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of +the License in the document and put the following copyright and +license notices just after the title page: + +#+begin_example + Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover + Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU + Free Documentation License''. +#+end_example + +If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, +replace the "with...Texts."\nbsp{}line with this: + +#+begin_example + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with + the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts + being LIST. +#+end_example + +If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + +If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of +free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to +permit their use in free software. + diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/htmlxref.cnf b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/htmlxref.cnf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a5eb5844 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/htmlxref.cnf @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +calc mono https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/calc.html +calc node https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/calc/ diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-guide.org b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-guide.org new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aa793f11 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-guide.org @@ -0,0 +1,2654 @@ +#+title: Org Mode Compact Guide +#+subtitle: Release {{{version}}} +#+author: The Org Mode Developers +#+language: en + +#+texinfo: @insertcopying + +* Copying +:PROPERTIES: +:copying: t +:END: + +Copyright \copy 2004--2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +#+begin_quote +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," +and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." +in the full Org manual, which is distributed together with this +compact guide. + +(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and +modify this GNU manual." +#+end_quote + +* Introduction +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Welcome! +:END: + +Org is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, and doing +project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system. It is +also an authoring and publishing system, and it supports working with +source code for literal programming and reproducible research. + +This document is a much compressed derivative of the [[info:org][comprehensive Org +mode manual]]. It contains all basic features and commands, along with +important hints for customization. It is intended for beginners who +would shy back from a 200 pages manual because of sheer size. + +** Installation +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+attr_texinfo: :tag Important +#+begin_quote +If you are using a version of Org that is part of the Emacs +distribution, please skip this section and go directly to [[*Activation]]. +#+end_quote + +If you have downloaded Org from the web, either as a distribution +=.zip= or =.tar= file, or as a Git archive, it is best to run it +directly from the distribution directory. You need to add the =lisp/= +subdirectories to the Emacs load path. To do this, add the following +line to your Emacs init file: + +: (add-to-list 'load-path "~/path/to/orgdir/lisp") + +#+texinfo: @noindent +If you have been using git or a tar ball to get Org, you need to run +the following command to generate autoload information. + +: make autoloads + +** Activation +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Add the following lines to your Emacs init file to define /global/ +keys for three commands that are useful in any Emacs buffer, not just +Org buffers. Please choose suitable keys yourself. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c l") #'org-store-link) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c a") #'org-agenda) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c c") #'org-capture) +#+end_src + +Files with extension =.org= will be put into Org mode automatically. + +** Feedback +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +If you find problems with Org, or if you have questions, remarks, or +ideas about it, please mail to the Org mailing list +mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org. For information on how to submit bug +reports, see the main manual. + +* Document Structure +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: A tree works like your brain. +:END: + +Org is an outliner. Outlines allow a document to be organized in +a hierarchical structure, which, least for me, is the best +representation of notes and thoughts. An overview of this structure +is achieved by folding, i.e., hiding large parts of the document to +show only the general document structure and the parts currently being +worked on. Org greatly simplifies the use of outlines by compressing +the entire show and hide functionalities into a single command, +~org-cycle~, which is bound to the {{{kbd(TAB)}}} key. + +** Headlines +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to typeset Org tree nodes. +:END: + +Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in +Org start on the left margin[fn:1] with one or more stars followed by +a space. For example: + +#+begin_example +,* Top level headline +,** Second level +,*** Third level + some text +,*** Third level + more text +,* Another top level headline +#+end_example + +Note that a headline named after ~org-footnote-section~, which +defaults to =Footnotes=, is considered as special. A subtree with +this headline will be silently ignored by exporting functions. + +Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an outline +that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline starters. +See [[*Miscellaneous]] for a setup to realize this. + +** Visibility Cycling +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Show and hide, much simplified. +:END: + +Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer. +Org uses just two commands, bound to {{{kbd(TAB)}}} and +{{{kbd{S-TAB)}}} to change the visibility in the buffer. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} :: + + /Subtree cycling/: Rotate current subtree among the states + + : ,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --. + : '-----------------------------------' + + When called with a prefix argument ({{{kbd(C-u TAB)}}}), or with the + Shift key, global cycling is invoked. + +- {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}}, {{{kbd(C-u TAB)}}} :: + + /Global cycling/: Rotate the entire buffer among the states + + : ,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --. + : '--------------------------------------' + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u TAB)}}} :: + + Show all, including drawers. + +When Emacs first visits an Org file, the global state is set to +OVERVIEW, i.e., only the top level headlines are visible. This can be +configured through the variable ~org-startup-folded~, or on a per-file +basis by adding a =STARTUP= keyword to =overview=, =content=, +=showall=, =showeverything= or =showlevels= (n = 2..5) like this: + +: #+STARTUP: content + +** Motion +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Jumping to other headlines. +:END: + +The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-n)}}} :: Next heading. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-p)}}} :: Previous heading. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-f)}}} :: Next heading same level. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-b)}}} :: Previous heading same level. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-u)}}} :: Backward to higher level heading. + +** Structure Editing +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Changing sequence and level of headlines. +:END: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(M-RET)}}} :: + + Insert new heading with same level as current. If point is in + a plain list item, a new item is created (see [[Plain Lists]]). When + this command is used in the middle of a line, the line is split and + the rest of the line becomes the new headline[fn:2]. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RET)}}} :: + + Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading. + +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} in new, empty entry :: + + In a new entry with no text yet, {{{kbd(TAB)}}} cycles through + reasonable levels. + +- {{{kbd(M-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(M-RIGHT)}}} :: + + Promote or demote current heading by one level. + +- {{{kbd(M-UP)}}}, {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} :: + + Move subtree up or down, i.e., swap with previous or next subtree of + same level. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}} :: + + Refile entry or region to a different location. See [[*Refile and + Copy]]. + +- {{{kbd(C-x n s)}}}, {{{kbd(C-x n w)}}} :: + + Narrow buffer to current subtree and widen it again. + +When there is an active region (Transient Mark mode), promotion and +demotion work on all headlines in the region. + +** Sparse Trees +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Matches embedded in context. +:END: + +An important feature of Org mode is the ability to construct /sparse +trees/ for selected information in an outline tree, so that the entire +document is folded as much as possible, but the selected information +is made visible along with the headline structure above it[fn:3]. +Just try it out and you will see immediately how it works. + +Org mode contains several commands creating such trees, all these +commands can be accessed through a dispatcher: + +- {{{kbd(C-c /)}}} :: + + This prompts for an extra key to select a sparse-tree creating + command. + +- {{{kbd(C-c / r)}}} :: + + Occur. Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all + matches. Each match is also highlighted; the highlights disappear + by pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}. + + The other sparse tree commands select headings based on TODO + keywords, tags, or properties and will be discussed later in this + manual. + +** Plain Lists +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Additional structure within an entry. +:END: + +Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide +additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of +checkboxes (see [[*Checkboxes]]). Org supports editing such lists, and +every exporter (see [[*Exporting]]) can parse and format them. + +Org knows ordered lists, unordered lists, and description lists. + +#+attr_texinfo: :indic @bullet +- /Unordered/ list items start with =-=, =+=, or =*= as bullets. + +- /Ordered/ list items start with =1.=, or =1)=. + +- /Description/ list use =::= to separate the /term/ from the + description. + +Items belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the +first line. An item ends before the next line that is indented like +its bullet/number, or less. A list ends when all items are closed, or +before two blank lines. An example: + +#+begin_example +,* Lord of the Rings + My favorite scenes are (in this order) + 1. The attack of the Rohirrim + 2. Eowyn's fight with the witch king + + this was already my favorite scene in the book + + I really like Miranda Otto. + Important actors in this film are: + - Elijah Wood :: He plays Frodo + - Sean Astin :: He plays Sam, Frodo's friend. +#+end_example + +The following commands act on items when point is in the first line of +an item (the line with the bullet or number). + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} :: + + Items can be folded just like headline levels. + +- {{{kbd(M-RET)}}} :: + + Insert new item at current level. With a prefix argument, force + a new heading (see [[*Structure Editing]]). + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RET)}}} :: + + Insert a new item with a checkbox (see [[*Checkboxes]]). + +- {{{kbd(M-S-UP)}}}, {{{kbd(M-S-DOWN)}}} :: + + Move the item including subitems up/down (swap with previous/next + item of same indentation). If the list is ordered, renumbering is + automatic. + +- {{{kbd(M-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(M-RIGHT)}}} :: + + Decrease/increase the indentation of an item, leaving children + alone. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(M-S-RIGHT)}}} :: + + Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + If there is a checkbox (see [[*Checkboxes]]) in the item line, toggle + the state of the checkbox. Also verify bullets and indentation + consistency in the whole list. + +- {{{kbd(C-c -)}}} :: + + Cycle the entire list level through the different itemize/enumerate + bullets (=-=, =+=, =*=, =1.=, =1)=). + +* Tables +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Pure magic for quick formatting. +:END: + +Org comes with a fast and intuitive table editor. Spreadsheet-like +calculations are supported in connection with the Emacs Calc package +(see [[info:calc][GNU Emacs Calculator Manual]]). + +Org makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII. Any line with =|= +as the first non-whitespace character is considered part of a table. +=|= is also the column separator. A table might look like this: + +#+begin_example +| Name | Phone | Age | +|-------+-------+-----| +| Peter | 1234 | 17 | +| Anna | 4321 | 25 | +#+end_example + +A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press {{{kbd(TAB)}}} +or {{{kbd(RET)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} inside the table. +{{{kbd(TAB)}}} also moves to the next field ({{{kbd(RET)}}} to the +next row) and creates new table rows at the end of the table or before +horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is set by the first +line. Any line starting with =|-= is considered as a horizontal +separator line and will be expanded on the next re-align to span the +whole table width. So, to create the above table, you would only type + +: |Name|Phone|Age| +: |- + +#+texinfo: @noindent +and then press {{{kbd(TAB)}}} to align the table and start filling in +fields. Even faster would be to type =|Name|Phone|Age= followed by +{{{kbd(C-c RET)}}}. + +When typing text into a field, Org treats {{{kbd(DEL)}}}, +{{{kbd(Backspace)}}}, and all character keys in a special way, so that +inserting and deleting avoids shifting other fields. Also, when +typing /immediately after point was moved into a new field with +{{{kbd(TAB)}}}, {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} or {{{kbd(RET)}}}/, the field is +automatically made blank. + +** Creation and conversion +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c |)}}} :: + + Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least + one {{{kbd(TAB)}}} character, the function assumes that the material + is tab separated. If every line contains a comma, comma-separated + values (CSV) are assumed. If not, lines are split at whitespace + into fields. + + If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org + table. But it is easier just to start typing, like {{{kbd(| + N a m e | P h o n e | A g e RET | - TAB)}}}. + +** Re-aligning and field motion +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + Re-align the table without moving point. + +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} :: + + Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if + necessary. + +- {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} :: + + Re-align, move to previous field. + +- {{{kbd(RET)}}} :: + + Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if + necessary. + +- {{{kbd(S-UP)}}}, {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}}, {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} :: + + Move a cell up, down, left, and right by swapping with adjacent + cell. + +** Column and row editing +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(M-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(M-RIGHT)}}} :: + + Move the current column left/right. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-LEFT)}}} :: + + Kill the current column. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RIGHT)}}} :: + + Insert a new column to the left of point position. + +- {{{kbd(M-UP)}}}, {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} :: + + Move the current row up/down. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-UP)}}} :: + + Kill the current row or horizontal line. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-DOWN)}}} :: + + Insert a new row above the current row. With a prefix argument, the + line is created below the current one. + +- {{{kbd(C-c -)}}} :: + + Insert a horizontal line below current row. With a prefix argument, + the line is created above the current line. + +- {{{kbd(C-c RET)}}} :: + + Insert a horizontal line below current row, and move the point into + the row below that line. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ^)}}} :: + + Sort the table lines in the region. The position of point indicates + the column to be used for sorting, and the range of lines is the + range between the nearest horizontal separator lines, or the entire + table. + +* Hyperlinks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Notes in context. +:END: + +Like HTML, Org provides links inside a file, external links to other +files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more. + +Org recognizes plain URIs, possibly wrapped within angle brackets, and +activate them as clickable links. The general link format, however, +looks like this: + +: [[LINK][DESCRIPTION]] + +#+texinfo: @noindent +or alternatively + +: [[LINK]] + +Once a link in the buffer is complete, with all brackets present, Org +changes the display so that =DESCRIPTION= is displayed instead of +=[[LINK][DESCRIPTION]]= and =LINK= is displayed instead of =[[LINK]]=. +To edit the invisible {{{var(LINK)}}} part, use {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} +with the point on the link. + +** Internal links +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal +in the current file. The most important case is a link like +=[[#my-custom-id]]= which links to the entry with the =CUSTOM_ID= property +=my-custom-id=. + +Links such as =[[My Target]]= or =[[My Target][Find my target]]= lead +to a text search in the current file for the corresponding target, +which looks like =<>=. + +** External Links +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages, BBDB +database entries and links to both IRC conversations and their logs. +External links are URL-like locators. They start with a short +identifying string followed by a colon. There can be no space after +the colon. Here are some examples: + +| =http://www.astro.uva.nl/=dominik= | on the web | +| =file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg= | file, absolute path | +| =/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg= | same as above | +| =file:papers/last.pdf= | file, relative path | +| =./papers/last.pdf= | same as above | +| =file:projects.org= | another Org file | +| =docview:papers/last.pdf::NNN= | open in DocView mode at page {{{var(NNN)}}} | +| =id:B7423F4D-2E8A-471B-8810-C40F074717E9= | link to heading by ID | +| =news:comp.emacs= | Usenet link | +| =mailto:adent@galaxy.net= | mail link | +| =mhe:folder#id= | MH-E message link | +| =rmail:folder#id= | Rmail message link | +| =gnus:group#id= | Gnus article link | +| =bbdb:R.*Stallman= | BBDB link (with regexp) | +| =irc:/irc.com/#emacs/bob= | IRC link | +| =info:org#Hyperlinks= | Info node link | + +File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to +a particular location in the file when following a link. This can be +a line number or a search option after a double colon. Here are a few +examples,, together with an explanation: + +| =file:~/code/main.c::255= | Find line 255 | +| =file:~/xx.org::My Target= | Find =<>= | +| =[[file:~/xx.org::#my-custom-id]]= | Find entry with a custom ID | + +** Handling Links +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to insert +it into an Org file, and to follow the link. + +The main function is ~org-store-link~, called with {{{kbd(M-x +org-store-link)}}}. Because of its importance, we suggest to bind it +to a widely available key (see [[*Activation]]). It stores a link to the +current location. The link is stored for later insertion into an Org +buffer---see below. + +From an Org buffer, the following commands create, navigate or, more +generally, act on links. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} :: + + Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the + buffer. You can just type a link, or use history keys {{{kbd(UP)}}} + and {{{kbd(DOWN)}}} to access stored links. You will be prompted + for the description part of the link. + + When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, file name + completion is used to link to a file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} (with point on existing link) :: + + When point is on an existing link, {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} allows you to + edit the link and description parts of the link. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} :: + + Open link at point. + +- {{{kbd(C-c &)}}} :: + + Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the + commands following internal links, and by {{{kbd(C-c %)}}}. Using + this command several times in direct succession moves through a ring + of previously recorded positions. + +* TODO Items +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Every tree branch can be a TODO item. +:END: + +Org mode does not require TODO lists to live in separate documents. +Instead, TODO items are part of a notes file, because TODO items +usually come up while taking notes! With Org mode, simply mark any +entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, information is not +duplicated, and TODO items remain in the context from which they +emerged. + +Org mode provides methods to give you an overview of all the things +that you have to do, collected from many files. + +** Basic TODO Functionality +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Marking and displaying TODO entries. +:ALT_TITLE: TODO Basics +:END: + +Any headline becomes a TODO item when it starts with the word =TODO=, +for example: + +: *** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune + +The most important commands to work with TODO entries are: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} :: + + Rotate the TODO state of the current item among + + : ,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --. + : '--------------------------------' + + The same rotation can also be done "remotely" from the agenda buffer + with the {{{kbd(t)}}} command key (see [[*Commands in the Agenda + Buffer]]). + +- {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}}, {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} :: + + Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling. + +- {{{kbd(C-c / t)}}} :: + + View TODO items in a /sparse tree/ (see [[*Sparse Trees]]). Folds the + entire buffer, but shows all TODO items---with not-DONE state---and + the headings hierarchy above them. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda t)}}} :: + + Show the global TODO list. Collects the TODO items (with not-DONE + states) from all agenda files (see [[*Agenda Views]]) into a single + buffer. See [[*The Global TODO List]], for more information. + +- {{{kbd(S-M-RET)}}} :: + + Insert a new TODO entry below the current one. + +Changing a TODO state can also trigger tag changes. See the docstring +of the option ~org-todo-state-tags-triggers~ for details. + +** Multi-state Workflow +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: More than just on/off. +:END: + +You can use TODO keywords to indicate @emph{sequential} working progress +states: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "|" "DONE" "DELEGATED"))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The vertical bar separates the =TODO= keywords (states that /need +action/) from the =DONE= states (which need /no further action/). If +you do not provide the separator bar, the last state is used as the +=DONE= state. With this setup, the command {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} cycles +an entry from =TODO= to =FEEDBACK=, then to =VERIFY=, and finally to +=DONE= and =DELEGATED=. + +Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in +parallel. For example, you may want to have the basic =TODO=/=DONE=, +but also a workflow for bug fixing. Your setup would then look like +this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(d)") + (sequence "REPORT(r)" "BUG(b)" "KNOWNCAUSE(k)" "|" "FIXED(f)"))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The keywords should all be different, this helps Org mode to keep +track of which subsequence should be used for a given entry. The +example also shows how to define keys for fast access of a particular +state, by adding a letter in parenthesis after each keyword---you will +be prompted for the key after {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}}. + +To define TODO keywords that are valid only in a single file, use the +following text anywhere in the file. + +#+begin_example +,#+TODO: TODO(t) | DONE(d) +,#+TODO: REPORT(r) BUG(b) KNOWNCAUSE(k) | FIXED(f) +,#+TODO: | CANCELED(c) +#+end_example + +After changing one of these lines, use {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with the +cursor still in the line to make the changes known to Org mode. + +** Progress Logging +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Dates and notes for progress. +:END: + +To record a timestamp and a note when changing a TODO state, call the +command ~org-todo~ with a prefix argument. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-t)}}} :: + Prompt for a note and record a the time of the TODO state change. + +Org mode can also automatically record a timestamp and optionally a +note when you mark a TODO item as DONE, or even each time you change +the state of a TODO item. This system is highly configurable, +settings can be on a per-keyword basis and can be localized to a file +or even a subtree. For information on how to clock working time for a +task, see [[*Clocking Work Time]]. + +*** Closing items +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The most basic logging is to keep track of /when/ a certain TODO item +was marked as done. This can be achieved with[fn:4] + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-log-done 'time) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Then each time you turn an entry from a TODO (not-done) state into any +of the DONE states, a line =CLOSED: [timestamp]= is inserted just +after the headline. + +If you want to record a note along with the timestamp, use[fn:5] + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-log-done 'note) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +You are then be prompted for a note, and that note is stored below the +entry with a =Closing Note= heading. + +*** Tracking TODO state changes +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +You might want to keep track of TODO state changes. You can either +record just a timestamp, or a time-stamped note for a change. These +records are inserted after the headline as an itemized list. When +taking a lot of notes, you might want to get the notes out of the way +into a drawer. Customize the variable ~org-log-into-drawer~ to get +this behavior. + +For state logging, Org mode expects configuration on a per-keyword +basis. This is achieved by adding special markers =!= (for +a timestamp) and =@= (for a note) in parentheses after each keyword. +For example: + +: #+TODO: TODO(t) WAIT(w@/!) | DONE(d!) CANCELED(c@) + +#+texinfo: @noindent +defines TODO keywords and fast access keys, and also request that +a time is recorded when the entry is set to =DONE=, and that a note is +recorded when switching to =WAIT= or =CANCELED=. The same syntax +works also when setting ~org-todo-keywords~. + +** Priorities +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Some things are more important than others. +:END: + +If you use Org mode extensively, you may end up with enough TODO items +that it starts to make sense to prioritize them. Prioritizing can be +done by placing a /priority cookie/ into the headline of a TODO item, +like this + +: *** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune + +Org mode supports three priorities: =A=, =B=, and =C=. =A= is the +highest, =B= the default if none is given. Priorities make +a difference only in the agenda. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep ; +- {{{kbd(C-c \,)}}} :: + + Set the priority of the current headline. Press {{{kbd(A)}}}, + {{{kbd(B)}}} or {{{kbd(C)}}} to select a priority, or {{{kbd(SPC)}}} + to remove the cookie. + +- {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} (~org-priority-up~); {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} (~org-priority-down~) :: + + Increase/decrease the priority of the current headline. + +** Breaking Tasks Down into Subtasks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Splitting a task into manageable pieces. +:ALT_TITLE: Breaking Down Tasks +:END: + +It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, +manageable subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree +below a TODO item, with detailed subtasks on the tree. To keep an +overview of the fraction of subtasks that have already been marked +as done, insert either =[/]= or =[%]= anywhere in the headline. These +cookies are updated each time the TODO status of a child changes, or +when pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} on the cookie. For example: + +#+begin_example +,* Organize Party [33%] +,** TODO Call people [1/2] +,*** TODO Peter +,*** DONE Sarah +,** TODO Buy food +,** DONE Talk to neighbor +#+end_example + +** Checkboxes +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tick-off lists. +:END: + +Every item in a plain list (see [[*Plain Lists]]) can be made into +a checkbox by starting it with the string =[ ]=. Checkboxes are not +included into the global TODO list, so they are often great to split +a task into a number of simple steps. + +Here is an example of a checkbox list. + +#+begin_example +,* TODO Organize party [2/4] + - [-] call people [1/2] + - [ ] Peter + - [X] Sarah + - [X] order food +#+end_example + +Checkboxes work hierarchically, so if a checkbox item has children +that are checkboxes, toggling one of the children checkboxes makes the +parent checkbox reflect if none, some, or all of the children are +checked. + +The following commands work with checkboxes: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + Toggle checkbox status or---with prefix argument---checkbox presence + at point. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RET)}}} :: + + Insert a new item with a checkbox. This works only if point is + already in a plain list item (see [[*Plain Lists]]). + +* Tags +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags. +:END: + +An excellent way to implement labels and contexts for +cross-correlating information is to assign /tags/ to headlines. Org +mode has extensive support for tags. + +Every headline can contain a list of tags; they occur at the end of +the headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, =_=, +and =@=. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon, e.g., +=:work:=. Several tags can be specified, as in =:work:urgent:=. Tags +by default are in bold face with the same color as the headline. + +** Tag inheritance +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Tags make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If +a heading has a certain tag, all subheadings inherit the tag as well. +For example, in the list + +#+begin_example +,* Meeting with the French group :work: +,** Summary by Frank :boss:notes: +,*** TODO Prepare slides for him :action: +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +the final heading has the tags =work=, =boss=, =notes=, and =action= +even though the final heading is not explicitly marked with those +tags. + +You can also set tags that all entries in a file should inherit just +as if these tags were defined in a hypothetical level zero that +surrounds the entire file. Use a line like this[fn:6]: + +: #+FILETAGS: :Peter:Boss:Secret: + +** Setting tags +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline. +After a colon, {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} offers completion on tags. There is +also a special command for inserting tags: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-q)}}} :: + + Enter new tags for the current headline. Org mode either offers + completion or a special single-key interface for setting tags, see + below. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + When point is in a headline, this does the same as {{{kbd(C-c + C-q)}}}. + +Org supports tag insertion based on a /list of tags/. By default this +list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags currently used in +the buffer. You may also globally specify a hard list of tags with +the variable ~org-tag-alist~. Finally you can set the default tags +for a given file using the =TAGS= keyword, like + +: #+TAGS: @work @home @tennisclub +: #+TAGS: laptop car pc sailboat + +By default Org mode uses the standard minibuffer completion facilities +for entering tags. However, it also implements another, quicker, tag +selection method called /fast tag selection/. This allows you to +select and deselect tags with just a single key press. For this to +work well you should assign unique letters to most of your commonly +used tags. You can do this globally by configuring the variable +~org-tag-alist~ in your Emacs init file. For example, you may find +the need to tag many items in different files with =@home=. In this +case you can set something like: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-tag-alist '(("@work" . ?w) ("@home" . ?h) ("laptop" . ?l))) +#+end_src + +If the tag is only relevant to the file you are working on, then you +can instead set the =TAGS= keyword as: + +: #+TAGS: @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) laptop(l) pc(p) + +** Tag groups +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +A tag can be defined as a /group tag/ for a set of other tags. The +group tag can be seen as the "broader term" for its set of tags. + +You can set group tags by using brackets and inserting a colon between +the group tag and its related tags: + +: #+TAGS: [ GTD : Control Persp ] + +#+texinfo: @noindent +or, if tags in the group should be mutually exclusive: + +: #+TAGS: { Context : @Home @Work } + +When you search for a group tag, it return matches for all members in +the group and its subgroups. In an agenda view, filtering by a group +tag displays or hide headlines tagged with at least one of the members +of the group or any of its subgroups. + +If you want to ignore group tags temporarily, toggle group tags +support with ~org-toggle-tags-groups~, bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-x q)}}}. + +** Tag searches +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c / m)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c \)}}} :: + + Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search. + With a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not + a TODO line. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda m)}}} :: + + Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. See + [[*Matching Tags and Properties]]. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda M)}}} :: + + Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check + only TODO items and force checking subitems (see the option + ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~). + +These commands all prompt for a match string which allows basic +Boolean logic like =+boss+urgent-project1=, to find entries with tags +=boss= and =urgent=, but not =project1=, or =Kathy|Sally= to find +entries which are tagged, like =Kathy= or =Sally=. The full syntax of +the search string is rich and allows also matching against TODO +keywords, entry levels and properties. For a more detailed description +with many examples, see [[*Matching Tags and Properties]]. + +* Properties +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Storing information about an entry. +:END: + +Properties are key-value pairs associated with an entry. They live in +a special drawer with the name =PROPERTIES=. Each property is +specified on a single line, with the key (surrounded by colons) first, +and the value after it: + +#+begin_example +,* CD collection +,** Classic +,*** Goldberg Variations + :PROPERTIES: + :Title: Goldberg Variations + :Composer: J.S. Bach + :Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon + :NDisks: 1 + :END: +#+end_example + +You may define the allowed values for a particular property =Xyz= by +setting a property =Xyz_ALL=. This special property is /inherited/, +so if you set it in a level 1 entry, it applies to the entire tree. +When allowed values are defined, setting the corresponding property +becomes easier and is less prone to typing errors. For the example +with the CD collection, we can pre-define publishers and the number of +disks in a box like this: + +#+begin_example +,* CD collection + :PROPERTIES: + :NDisks_ALL: 1 2 3 4 + :Publisher_ALL: "Deutsche Grammophon" Philips EMI + :END: +#+end_example + +If you want to set properties that can be inherited by any entry in +a file, use a line like: + +: #+PROPERTY: NDisks_ALL 1 2 3 4 + +The following commands help to work with properties: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x p)}}} :: + + Set a property. This prompts for a property name and a value. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c d)}}} :: + + Remove a property from the current entry. + +To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on +properties, the same commands are used as for tag searches (see +[[*Tags]]). The syntax for the search string is described in [[*Matching +Tags and Properties]]. + +* Dates and Times +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Making items useful for planning. +:END: + +To assist project planning, TODO items can be labeled with a date +and/or a time. The specially formatted string carrying the date and +time information is called a /timestamp/ in Org mode. + +** Timestamps +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Assigning a time to a tree entry. +:END: + +A timestamp is a specification of a date---possibly with a time or +a range of times---in a special format, either =<2003-09-16 Tue>= or +=<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>= or =<2003-09-16 Tue 12:00-12:30>=. +A timestamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an Org tree +entry. Its presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in +the agenda (see [[*The Weekly/daily Agenda]]). We distinguish: + +- Plain timestamp; Event; Appointment :: + + A simple timestamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is + just like writing down an appointment or event in a paper agenda. + + #+begin_example + ,* Meet Peter at the movies + <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15> + ,* Discussion on climate change + <2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00> + #+end_example + +- Timestamp with repeater interval :: + + A timestamp may contain a /repeater interval/, indicating that it + applies not only on the given date, but again and again after + a certain interval of N days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years + (y). The following shows up in the agenda every Wednesday: + + #+begin_example + ,* Pick up Sam at school + <2007-05-16 Wed 12:30 +1w> + #+end_example + +- Diary-style expression entries :: + + #+cindex: diary style timestamps + #+cindex: sexp timestamps + For more complex date specifications, Org mode supports using the + special expression diary entries implemented in the Emacs Calendar + package. For example, with optional time: + + #+begin_example + ,* 22:00-23:00 The nerd meeting on every 2nd Thursday of the month + <%%(diary-float t 4 2)> + #+end_example + +- Time/Date range :: + + Two timestamps connected by =--= denote a range. + + #+begin_example + ,** Meeting in Amsterdam + <2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu> + #+end_example + +- Inactive timestamp :: + + Just like a plain timestamp, but with square brackets instead of + angular ones. These timestamps are inactive in the sense that they + do /not/ trigger an entry to show up in the agenda. + + #+begin_example + ,* Gillian comes late for the fifth time + [2006-11-01 Wed] + #+end_example + +** Creating Timestamps +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Commands that insert timestamps. +:END: + +For Org mode to recognize timestamps, they need to be in the specific +format. All commands listed below produce timestamps in the correct +format. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c .)}}} :: + + Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding timestamp. When point + is at an existing timestamp in the buffer, the command is used to + modify this timestamp instead of inserting a new one. When this + command is used twice in succession, a time range is inserted. With + a prefix argument, it also adds the current time. + +- {{{kbd(C-c !)}}} :: + + Like {{{kbd(C-c .)}}}, but insert an inactive timestamp that does + not cause an agenda entry. + +- {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} :: + + Change date at point by one day. + +- {{{kbd(S-UP)}}}, {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} :: + + On the beginning or enclosing bracket of a timestamp, change its + type. Within a timestamp, change the item under point. Point can + be on a year, month, day, hour or minute. When the timestamp + contains a time range like =15:30-16:30=, modifying the first time + also shifts the second, shifting the time block with constant + length. To change the length, modify the second time. + + +When Org mode prompts for a date/time, it accepts any string +containing some date and/or time information, and intelligently +interprets the string, deriving defaults for unspecified information +from the current date and time. You can also select a date in the +pop-up calendar. See the manual for more information on how exactly +the date/time prompt works. + +** Deadlines and Scheduling +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Planning your work. +:END: + +A timestamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate +planning: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-d)}}} :: + + Insert =DEADLINE= keyword along with a time stamp, in the line + following the headline. + + Meaning: the task---most likely a TODO item, though not + necessarily---is supposed to be finished on that date. + + On the deadline date, the task is listed in the agenda. In + addition, the agenda for /today/ carries a warning about the + approaching or missed deadline, starting ~org-deadline-warning-days~ + before the due date, and continuing until the entry is marked as + done. An example: + + #+begin_example + ,*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide + DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun> + The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]] + #+end_example + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-s)}}} :: + + Insert =SCHEDULED= keyword along with a stamp, in the line following + the headline. + + Meaning: you are planning to start working on that task on the given + date[fn:7]. + + The headline is listed under the given date[fn:8]. In addition, + a reminder that the scheduled date has passed is present in the + compilation for /today/, until the entry is marked as done, i.e., + the task is automatically forwarded until completed. + + #+begin_example + ,*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve. + SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat> + #+end_example + +Some tasks need to be repeated again and again. Org mode helps to +organize such tasks using a so-called repeater in a =DEADLINE=, +=SCHEDULED=, or plain timestamps. In the following example: + +#+begin_example +,** TODO Pay the rent + DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m> +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +the =+1m= is a repeater; the intended interpretation is that the task +has a deadline on =<2005-10-01>= and repeats itself every (one) month +starting from that time. + +** Clocking Work Time +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tracking how long you spent on a task. +:END: + +Org mode allows you to clock the time you spend on specific tasks in +a project. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-i)}}} :: + + Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the + =CLOCK= keyword together with a timestamp. When called with + a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, select the task from a list of + recently clocked tasks. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-o)}}} :: + + Stop the clock (clock-out). This inserts another timestamp at the + same location where the clock was last started. It also directly + computes the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as + ==>HH:MM=. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-e)}}} :: + + Update the effort estimate for the current clock task. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-q)}}} :: + + Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by + mistake, or if you ended up working on something else. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-j)}}} :: + + Jump to the headline of the currently clocked in task. With + a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, select the target task from a list + of recently clocked tasks. + +The {{{kbd(l)}}} key may be used in the agenda (see [[*The Weekly/daily +Agenda]]) to show which tasks have been worked on or closed during +a day. + +* Capture, Refile, Archive +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The ins and outs for projects. +:END: + +An important part of any organization system is the ability to quickly +capture new ideas and tasks, and to associate reference material with +them. Org does this using a process called /capture/. It also can +store files related to a task (/attachments/) in a special directory. +Once in the system, tasks and projects need to be moved around. +Moving completed project trees to an archive file keeps the system +compact and fast. + +** Capture +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Capturing new stuff. +:END: + +Capture lets you quickly store notes with little interruption of your +work flow. You can define templates for new entries and associate +them with different targets for storing notes. + +*** Setting up capture +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The following customization sets a default target[fn:9] file for notes. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/notes.org")) +#+end_src + +You may also define a global key for capturing new material (see +[[*Activation]]). + +*** Using capture +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-capture)}}} :: + + Start a capture process, placing you into a narrowed indirect buffer + to edit. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + Once you have finished entering information into the capture buffer, + {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} returns you to the window configuration before + the capture process, so that you can resume your work without + further distraction. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}} :: + + Finalize the capture process by refiling the note to a different + place (see [[*Refile and Copy]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-k)}}} :: + + Abort the capture process and return to the previous state. + +*** Capture templates +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +You can use templates for different types of capture items, and for +different target locations. Say you would like to use one template to +create general TODO entries, and you want to put these entries under +the heading =Tasks= in your file =~/org/gtd.org=. Also, a date tree +in the file =journal.org= should capture journal entries. A possible +configuration would look like: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-capture-templates + '(("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline "~/org/gtd.org" "Tasks") + "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a") + ("j" "Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/journal.org") + "* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a"))) +#+end_src + +If you then press {{{kbd(t)}}} from the capture menu, Org will prepare +the template for you like this: + +: * TODO +: [[file:LINK TO WHERE YOU INITIATED CAPTURE]] + +#+texinfo: @noindent +During expansion of the template, special %-escapes[fn:10] allow +dynamic insertion of content. Here is a small selection of the +possibilities, consult the manual for more. + +| =%a= | annotation, normally the link created with ~org-store-link~ | +| =%i= | initial content, the region when capture is called with {{{kbd(C-u)}}} | +| =%t=, =%T= | timestamp, date only, or date and time | +| =%u=, =%U= | like above, but inactive timestamps | +| =%?= | after completing the template, position point here | + +** Refile and Copy +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another. +:END: + +When reviewing the captured data, you may want to refile or to copy +some of the entries into a different list, for example into a project. +Cutting, finding the right location, and then pasting the note is +cumbersome. To simplify this process, you can use the following +special command: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}} :: + + Refile the entry or region at point. This command offers possible + locations for refiling the entry and lets you select one with + completion. The item (or all items in the region) is filed below + the target heading as a subitem. + + By default, all level 1 headlines in the current buffer are + considered to be targets, but you can have more complex definitions + across a number of files. See the variable ~org-refile-targets~ for + details. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-w)}}} :: + + Use the refile interface to jump to a heading. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-w)}}} :: + + Jump to the location where ~org-refile~ last moved a tree to. + +- {{{kbd(C-c M-w)}}} :: + + Copying works like refiling, except that the original note is not + deleted. + +** Archiving +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What to do with finished products. +:END: + +When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want to +move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the +agenda. Archiving is important to keep your working files compact and +global searches like the construction of agenda views fast. + +The most common archiving action is to move a project tree to another +file, the archive file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-a)}}} :: + + Archive the current entry using the command specified in the + variable ~org-archive-default-command~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-s)}}} or short {{{kbd(C-c $)}}} :: + + Archive the subtree starting at point position to the location given + by ~org-archive-location~. + +The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the +current file, with the name derived by appending =_archive= to the +current file name. You can also choose what heading to file archived +items under, with the possibility to add them to a datetree in a file. +For information and examples on how to specify the file and the +heading, see the documentation string of the variable +~org-archive-location~. + +There is also an in-buffer option for setting this variable, for +example: + +: #+ARCHIVE: %s_done:: + +* Agenda Views +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Collecting information into views. +:END: + +Due to the way Org works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and tagged +headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of +files. To get an overview of open action items, or of events that are +important for a particular date, this information must be collected, +sorted and displayed in an organized way. + +The extracted information is displayed in a special /agenda buffer/. +This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the +corresponding locations in the original Org files, and even to edit +these files remotely. Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, +for example, that you can change the dates of deadlines and +appointments from the agenda buffer. For commands available in the +Agenda buffer, see [[*Commands in the Agenda Buffer]]. + +** Agenda Files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Files being searched for agenda information. +:END: + +The information to be shown is normally collected from all /agenda +files/, the files listed in the variable ~org-agenda-files~. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep or +- {{{kbd(C-c [)}}} :: + + Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to + the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved + to the front. With a prefix argument, file is added/moved to the + end. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ])}}} :: + + Remove current file from the list of agenda files. + +- {{{kbd(C-')}}} or {{{kbd(C-\,)}}} :: + + Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other. + +** The Agenda Dispatcher +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Keyboard access to agenda views. +:ALT_TITLE: Agenda Dispatcher +:END: + +The views are created through a dispatcher, accessible with {{{kbd(M-x +org-agenda)}}}, or, better, bound to a global key (see [[*Activation]]). +It displays a menu from which an additional letter is required to +execute a command. The dispatcher offers the following default +commands: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(a)}}} :: + + Create the calendar-like agenda (see [[*The Weekly/daily Agenda]]). + +- {{{kbd(t)}}}, {{{kbd(T)}}} :: + + Create a list of all TODO items (see [[*The Global TODO List]]). + +- {{{kbd(m)}}}, {{{kbd(M)}}} :: + + Create a list of headlines matching a given expression (see + [[*Matching Tags and Properties]]). + +- {{{kbd(s)}}} :: + + #+kindex: s @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + Create a list of entries selected by a boolean expression of + keywords and/or regular expressions that must or must not occur in + the entry. + +** The Weekly/Daily Agenda +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What is available out of the box? +:ALT_TITLE: Built-in Agenda Views +:END: + +The purpose of the weekly/daily /agenda/ is to act like a page of +a paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda a)}}} :: + + Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of Org files. + The agenda shows the entries for each day. + +Org mode understands the syntax of the diary and allows you to use +diary expression entries directly in Org files: + +#+begin_example +,* Holidays + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Holiday + :END: +%%(org-calendar-holiday) ; special function for holiday names + +,* Birthdays + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Ann + :END: +%%(org-anniversary 1956 5 14) Arthur Dent is %d years old +%%(org-anniversary 1869 10 2) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old +#+end_example + +Org can interact with Emacs appointments notification facility. To +add the appointments of your agenda files, use the command +~org-agenda-to-appt~. + +** The Global TODO List +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: All unfinished action items. +:ALT_TITLE: Global TODO List +:END: + +The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items formatted and +collected into a single place. Remote editing of TODO items lets you +can change the state of a TODO entry with a single key press. For +commands available in the TODO list, see [[*Commands in the Agenda +Buffer]]. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda t)}}} :: + + Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all + agenda files (see [[*Agenda Views]]) into a single buffer. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda T)}}} :: + + Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. + +** Matching Tags and Properties +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Structured information with fine-tuned search. +:END: + +If headlines in the agenda files are marked with /tags/ (see [[*Tags]]), +or have properties (see [[*Properties]]), you can select headlines based +on this metadata and collect them into an agenda buffer. The match +syntax described here also applies when creating sparse trees with +{{{kbd(C-c / m)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda m)}}} :: + + Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags. The + command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic + expression with tags, like =+work+urgent-withboss= or =work|home= + (see [[*Tags]]). If you often need a specific search, define a custom + command for it (see [[*The Agenda Dispatcher]]). + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda M)}}} :: + + Like {{{kbd(m)}}}, but only select headlines that are also TODO + items. + +A search string can use Boolean operators =&= for AND and =|= for OR. +=&= binds more strongly than =|=. Parentheses are currently not +implemented. Each element in the search is either a tag, a regular +expression matching tags, or an expression like =PROPERTY OPERATOR +VALUE= with a comparison operator, accessing a property value. Each +element may be preceded by =-= to select against it, and =+= is +syntactic sugar for positive selection. The AND operator =&= is +optional when =+= or =-= is present. Here are some examples, using +only tags. + +- =+work-boss= :: + + Select headlines tagged =work=, but discard those also tagged + =boss=. + +- =work|laptop= :: + + Selects lines tagged =work= or =laptop=. + +- =work|laptop+night= :: + + Like before, but require the =laptop= lines to be tagged also + =night=. + +You may also test for properties at the same time as matching tags, +see the manual for more information. + +** Search View +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Find entries by searching for text. +:END: + +This agenda view is a general text search facility for Org mode +entries. It is particularly useful to find notes. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda s)}}} (~org-search-view~) :: + + #+kindex: s @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-search-view + This is a special search that lets you select entries by matching + a substring or specific words using a boolean logic. + +For example, the search string =computer equipment= matches entries +that contain =computer equipment= as a substring. + +Search view can also search for specific keywords in the entry, using +Boolean logic. The search string =+computer ++wifi -ethernet -{8\.11[bg]}= matches note entries that contain the +keywords =computer= and =wifi=, but not the keyword =ethernet=, and +which are also not matched by the regular expression =8\.11[bg]=, +meaning to exclude both =8.11b= and =8.11g=. + +Note that in addition to the agenda files, this command also searches +the files listed in ~org-agenda-text-search-extra-files~. + +** Commands in the Agenda Buffer +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Remote editing of Org trees. +:ALT_TITLE: Agenda Commands +:END: + +Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the Org file or diary +file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda +buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the +original entry location, and to edit the Org files "remotely" from the +agenda buffer. This is just a selection of the many commands, explore +the agenda menu and the manual for a complete list. + +*** Motion +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(n)}}} :: + + Next line (same as {{{kbd(DOWN)}}} and {{{kbd(C-n)}}}). + +- {{{kbd(p)}}} :: + + Previous line (same as {{{kbd(UP)}}} and {{{kbd(C-p)}}}). + +*** View/Go to Org file +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(SPC)}}} :: + + Display the original location of the item in another window. + With a prefix argument, make sure that drawers stay folded. + +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} :: + + Go to the original location of the item in another window. + +- {{{kbd(RET)}}} :: + + Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows. + +*** Change display +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(o)}}} :: + + Delete other windows. + +- {{{kbd(v d)}}} or short {{{kbd(d)}}} :: + + Switch to day view. + +- {{{kbd(v w)}}} or short {{{kbd(w)}}} :: + + Switch to week view. + +- {{{kbd(f)}}} :: + + Go forward in time to display the span following the current one. + For example, if the display covers a week, switch to the following + week. + +- {{{kbd(b)}}} :: + + Go backward in time to display earlier dates. + +- {{{kbd(.)}}} :: + + Go to today. + +- {{{kbd(j)}}} :: + + Prompt for a date and go there. + +- {{{kbd(v l)}}} or {{{kbd(v L)}}} or short {{{kbd(l)}}} :: + + Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that were marked as + done while logging was on (see the variable ~org-log-done~) are + shown in the agenda, as are entries that have been clocked on that + day. When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, show all + possible logbook entries, including state changes. + +- {{{kbd(r)}}}, {{{kbd(g)}}} :: + + Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes after + modification of the timestamps of items. + +- {{{kbd(s)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-x C-s + #+findex: org-save-all-org-buffers + #+kindex: s + Save all Org buffers in the current Emacs session, and also the + locations of IDs. + +*** Remote editing +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(0--9)}}} :: + + Digit argument. + +- {{{kbd(t)}}} :: + + Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the + original Org file. + +- {{{kbd(C-k)}}} :: + + Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree + belonging to it in the original Org file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}} :: + + Refile the entry at point. + +- {{{kbd(a)}}} :: + + Archive the subtree corresponding to the entry at point using the + default archiving command set in ~org-archive-default-command~. + +- {{{kbd($)}}} :: + + Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-s)}}} :: + + Schedule this item. With a prefix argument, remove the + scheduling timestamp + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-d)}}} :: + + Set a deadline for this item. With a prefix argument, remove the + deadline. + +- {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} :: + + Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day + into the future. + +- {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} :: + + Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day + into the past. + +- {{{kbd(I)}}} :: + + Start the clock on the current item. + +- {{{kbd(O)}}} :: + + Stop the previously started clock. + +- {{{kbd(X)}}} :: + + Cancel the currently running clock. + +- {{{kbd(J)}}} :: + + Jump to the running clock in another window. + +*** Quit and exit +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(q)}}} :: + + Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer. + +- {{{kbd(x)}}} :: + + Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by + Emacs for the compilation of the agenda. + +** Custom Agenda Views +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Defining special searches and views. +:END: + +The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard +shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda +buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the +current buffer). + +Custom commands are configured in the variable +~org-agenda-custom-commands~. You can customize this variable, for +example by pressing {{{kbd(C)}}} from the agenda dispatcher (see [[*The +Agenda Dispatcher]]). You can also directly set it with Emacs Lisp in +the Emacs init file. The following example contains all valid agenda +views: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("w" todo "WAITING") + ("u" tags "+boss-urgent") + ("v" tags-todo "+boss-urgent"))) +#+end_src + +The initial string in each entry defines the keys you have to press +after the dispatcher command in order to access the command. Usually +this is just a single character. The second parameter is the search +type, followed by the string or regular expression to be used for the +matching. The example above will therefore define: + +- {{{kbd(w)}}} :: + + as a global search for TODO entries with =WAITING= as the TODO + keyword. + +- {{{kbd(u)}}} :: + + as a global tags search for headlines tagged =boss= but not + =urgent=. + +- {{{kbd(v)}}} :: + + The same search, but limiting it to headlines that are also TODO + items. + +* Markup for Rich Contents +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Compose beautiful documents. +:ALT_TITLE: Markup +:END: + +Org is primarily about organizing and searching through your +plain-text notes. However, it also provides a lightweight yet robust +markup language for rich text formatting and more. Used in +conjunction with the export framework (see [[*Exporting]]), you can author +beautiful documents in Org. + +** Paragraphs +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The basic unit of text. +:END: + +Paragraphs are separated by at least one empty line. If you need to +enforce a line break within a paragraph, use =\\= at the end of +a line. + +To preserve the line breaks, indentation and blank lines in a region, +but otherwise use normal formatting, you can use this construct, which +can also be used to format poetry. + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_VERSE + Great clouds overhead + Tiny black birds rise and fall + Snow covers Emacs + + ---AlexSchroeder +,#+END_VERSE +#+end_example + +When quoting a passage from another document, it is customary to +format this as a paragraph that is indented on both the left and the +right margin. You can include quotations in Org documents like this: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_QUOTE +Everything should be made as simple as possible, +but not any simpler ---Albert Einstein +,#+END_QUOTE +#+end_example + +If you would like to center some text, do it like this: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_CENTER +Everything should be made as simple as possible, \\ +but not any simpler +,#+END_CENTER +#+end_example + +** Emphasis and Monospace +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Bold, italic, etc. +:END: + +You can make words =*bold*=, =/italic/=, =_underlined_=, ==verbatim== +and =~code~=, and, if you must, =+strike-through+=. Text in the code +and verbatim string is not processed for Org specific syntax; it is +exported verbatim. + +** Embedded LaTeX +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents. +:END: + +For scientific notes which need to be able to contain mathematical +symbols and the occasional formula, Org mode supports embedding LaTeX +code into its files. You can directly use TeX-like syntax for special +symbols, enter formulas and entire LaTeX environments. + +#+begin_example +The radius of the sun is R_sun = 6.96 x 10^8 m. On the other hand, +the radius of Alpha Centauri is R_{Alpha Centauri} = 1.28 x R_{sun}. + +\begin{equation} % arbitrary environments, +x=\sqrt{b} % even tables, figures +\end{equation} % etc + +If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be +either $$ a=+\sqrt{2} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt{2} \]. +#+end_example + +** Literal examples +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Source code examples with special formatting. +:END: + +You can include literal examples that should not be subjected to +markup. Such examples are typeset in monospace, so this is well +suited for source code and similar examples. + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + Some example from a text file. +,#+END_EXAMPLE +#+end_example + +For simplicity when using small examples, you can also start the +example lines with a colon followed by a space. There may also be +additional whitespace before the colon: + +#+begin_example +Here is an example + : Some example from a text file. +#+end_example + +If the example is source code from a programming language, or any +other text that can be marked up by Font Lock in Emacs, you can ask +for the example to look like the fontified Emacs buffer. + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (defun org-xor (a b) + "Exclusive or." + (if a (not b) b)) + ,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +To edit the example in a special buffer supporting this language, use +{{{kbd(C-c ')}}} to both enter and leave the editing buffer. + +** Images +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Display an image. +:END: + +An image is a link to an image file that does not have a description +part, for example + +: ./img/cat.jpg + +If you wish to define a caption for the image and maybe a label for +internal cross references (see [[*Hyperlinks]]), make sure that the +link is on a line by itself and precede it with =CAPTION= and =NAME= +keywords as follows: + +#+begin_example +,#+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next figure link (or table) +,#+NAME: fig:SED-HR4049 +[[./img/a.jpg]] +#+end_example + +** Creating Footnotes +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Edit and read footnotes. +:END: + +A footnote is defined in a paragraph that is started by a footnote +marker in square brackets in column 0, no indentation allowed. The +footnote reference is simply the marker in square brackets, inside +text. For example: + +#+begin_example +The Org homepage[fn:1] now looks a lot better than it used to. +... +[fn:1] The link is: https://orgmode.org +#+end_example + +The following commands handle footnotes: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x f)}}} :: + + The footnote action command. When point is on a footnote reference, + jump to the definition. When it is at a definition, jump to the + (first) reference. Otherwise, create a new footnote. When this + command is called with a prefix argument, a menu of additional + options including renumbering is offered. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + Jump between definition and reference. + +* Exporting +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Sharing and publishing notes. +:END: + +Org can convert and export documents to a variety of other formats +while retaining as much structure (see [[*Document Structure]]) and markup +(see [[*Markup for Rich Contents]]) as possible. + +** The Export Dispatcher +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The main interface. +:END: + +The export dispatcher is the main interface for Org's exports. +A hierarchical menu presents the currently configured export formats. +Options are shown as easy toggle switches on the same screen. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e)}}} :: + + Invokes the export dispatcher interface. + +Org exports the entire buffer by default. If the Org buffer has an +active region, then Org exports just that region. + +** Export Settings +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Common export settings. +:END: + +The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide +additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file: + +: #+TITLE: I'm in the Mood for Org + +Most proeminent export options include: + +| =TITLE= | the title to be shown | +| =AUTHOR= | the author (default taken from ~user-full-name~) | +| =DATE= | a date, fixed, or an Org timestamp | +| =EMAIL= | email address (default from ~user-mail-address~) | +| =LANGUAGE= | language code, e.g., =en= | + +Option keyword sets can be inserted from the export dispatcher (see +[[*The Export Dispatcher]]) using the =Insert template= command by +pressing {{{kbd(#)}}}. + +** Table of Contents +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The if and where of the table of contents. +:END: + +The table of contents includes all headlines in the document. Its +depth is therefore the same as the headline levels in the file. If +you need to use a different depth, or turn it off entirely, set the +~org-export-with-toc~ variable accordingly. You can achieve the same +on a per file basis, using the following =toc= item in =OPTIONS= +keyword: + +#+begin_example +,#+OPTIONS: toc:2 (only include two levels in TOC) +,#+OPTIONS: toc:nil (no default TOC at all) +#+end_example + +Org normally inserts the table of contents directly before the first +headline of the file. + +** Include Files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Include additional files into a document. +:END: + +During export, you can include the content of another file. For +example, to include your =.emacs= file, you could use: + +: #+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" src emacs-lisp + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The first parameter is the file name to include. The optional second +parameter specifies the block type: =example=, =export= or =src=. The +optional third parameter specifies the source code language to use for +formatting the contents. This is relevant to both =export= and =src= +block types. + +You can visit the included file with {{{kbd(C-c ')}}}. + +** Comment Lines +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What will not be exported. +:END: + +Lines starting with zero or more whitespace characters followed by one +=#= and a whitespace are treated as comments and, as such, are not +exported. + +Likewise, regions surrounded by =#+BEGIN_COMMENT= ... =#+END_COMMENT= +are not exported. + +Finally, a =COMMENT= keyword at the beginning of an entry, but after +any other keyword or priority cookie, comments out the entire subtree. +The command below helps changing the comment status of a headline. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ;)}}} :: + + Toggle the =COMMENT= keyword at the beginning of an entry. + +** ASCII/UTF-8 Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to flat files with encoding. +:END: + +ASCII export produces an output file containing only plain ASCII +characters. This is the simplest and most direct text output. It +does not contain any Org markup. UTF-8 export uses additional +characters and symbols available in this encoding standards. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e t a)}}}, {{{kbd(C-c C-e t u)}}} :: + + Export as an ASCII file with a =.txt= extension. For =myfile.org=, + Org exports to =myfile.txt=, overwriting without warning. For + =myfile.txt=, Org exports to =myfile.txt.txt= in order to prevent + data loss. + +** HTML Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to HTML. +:END: + +Org mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting +compatible with XHTML 1.0 strict standard. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e h h)}}} :: + + Export as HTML file with a =.html= extension. For =myfile.org=, Org + exports to =myfile.html=, overwriting without warning. {{{kbd(C-c + C-e h o)}}} exports to HTML and opens it in a web browser. + +The HTML export back-end transforms =<= and =>= to =<= and =>=. +To include raw HTML code in the Org file so the HTML export back-end +can insert that HTML code in the output, use this inline syntax: +=@@html:...@@=. For example: + +: @@html:@@bold text@@html:@@ + +For larger raw HTML code blocks, use these HTML export code blocks: + +#+begin_example +,#+HTML: Literal HTML code for export + +,#+BEGIN_EXPORT html + All lines between these markers are exported literally +,#+END_EXPORT +#+end_example + +** LaTeX Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to @LaTeX{} and processing to PDF. +:END: + +The LaTeX export back-end can handle complex documents, incorporate +standard or custom LaTeX document classes, generate documents using +alternate LaTeX engines, and produce fully linked PDF files with +indexes, bibliographies, and tables of contents, destined for +interactive online viewing or high-quality print publication. + +By default, the LaTeX output uses the /article/ class. You can change +this by adding an option like =#+LATEX_CLASS: myclass= in your file. +The class must be listed in ~org-latex-classes~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l l)}}} :: + + Export to a LaTeX file with a =.tex= extension. For =myfile.org=, + Org exports to =myfile.tex=, overwriting without warning. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l p)}}} :: + + Export as LaTeX file and convert it to PDF file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l o)}}} :: + + Export as LaTeX file and convert it to PDF, then open the PDF using + the default viewer. + +The LaTeX export back-end can insert any arbitrary LaTeX code, see +[[*Embedded LaTeX]]. There are three ways to embed such code in the Org +file and they all use different quoting syntax. + +Inserting in-line quoted with @ symbols: + +: Code embedded in-line @@latex:any arbitrary LaTeX code@@ in a paragraph. + +Inserting as one or more keyword lines in the Org file: + +: #+LATEX: any arbitrary LaTeX code + +Inserting as an export block in the Org file, where the back-end +exports any code between begin and end markers: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex + any arbitrary LaTeX code +,#+END_EXPORT +#+end_example + +** iCalendar Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to iCalendar. +:END: + +A large part of Org mode's interoperability success is its ability to +easily export to or import from external applications. The iCalendar +export back-end takes calendar data from Org files and exports to the +standard iCalendar format. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e c f)}}} :: + + Create iCalendar entries from the current Org buffer and store them + in the same directory, using a file extension =.ics=. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e c c)}}} :: + + Create a combined iCalendar file from Org files in + ~org-agenda-files~ and write it to + ~org-icalendar-combined-agenda-file~ file name. + +* Publishing +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Create a web site of linked Org files. +:END: + +Org includes a publishing management system that allows you to +configure automatic HTML conversion of /projects/ composed of +interlinked Org files. You can also configure Org to automatically +upload your exported HTML pages and related attachments, such as +images and source code files, to a web server. + +You can also use Org to convert files into PDF, or even combine HTML +and PDF conversion so that files are available in both formats on the +server. + +For detailed instructions about setup, see the manual. Here is an +example: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-publish-project-alist + '(("org" + :base-directory "~/org/" + :publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html + :publishing-directory "~/public_html" + :section-numbers nil + :with-toc nil + :html-head ""))) +#+end_src + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P x)}}} :: + + Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to + it. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P p)}}} :: + + Publish the project containing the current file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P f)}}} :: + + Publish only the current file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P a)}}} :: + + Publish every project. + +Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above +functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this +and force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument to any +of the commands above. + +* Working with Source Code +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Export, evaluate, and tangle code blocks. +:END: + +Org mode provides a number of features for working with source code, +including editing of code blocks in their native major mode, +evaluation of code blocks, tangling of code blocks, and exporting code +blocks and their results in several formats. + +A source code block conforms to this structure: + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: +,#+BEGIN_SRC
+ +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +where: + +- == is a string used to uniquely name the code block, + +- == specifies the language of the code block, e.g., + =emacs-lisp=, =shell=, =R=, =python=, etc., + +- == can be used to control export of the code block, + +- =
= can be used to control many aspects of code + block behavior as demonstrated below, + +- == contains the actual source code. + +Use {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} to edit the current code block. It opens a new +major mode edit buffer containing the body of the source code block, +ready for any edits. Use {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} again to close the buffer +and return to the Org buffer. + +** Using header arguments +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +A header argument is specified with an initial colon followed by the +argument's name in lowercase. + +Header arguments can be set in several ways; Org prioritizes them in +case of overlaps or conflicts by giving local settings a higher +priority. + +- System-wide header arguments :: + + Those are specified by customizing ~org-babel-default-header-args~ + variable, or, for a specific language {{{var(LANG)}}} + ~org-babel-default-header-args:LANG~. + +- Header arguments in properties :: + + You can set them using =header-args= property (see [[*Properties]])---or + =header-args:LANG= for language {{{var(LANG)}}}. Header arguments + set through properties drawers apply at the sub-tree level on down. + +- Header arguments in code blocks :: + + Header arguments are most commonly set at the source code block + level, on the =BEGIN_SRC= line: + + #+begin_example + ,#+NAME: factorial + ,#+BEGIN_SRC haskell :results silent :exports code :var n=0 + fac 0 = 1 + fac n = n * fac (n-1) + ,#+END_SRC + #+end_example + + Code block header arguments can span multiple lines using =HEADER= + keyword on each line. + +** Evaluating code blocks +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Use {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} to evaluate the current code block and insert +its results in the Org document. By default, evaluation is only +turned on for =emacs-lisp= code blocks, however support exists for +evaluating blocks in many languages. For a complete list of supported +languages see the manual. The following shows a code block and its +results. + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (+ 1 2 3 4) +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +: 10 +#+end_example + +The following syntax is used to pass arguments to code blocks using +the =var= header argument. + +: :var NAME=ASSIGN + +#+texinfo: @noindent +{{{var(NAME)}}} is the name of the variable bound in the code block +body. {{{var(ASSIGN)}}} is a literal value, such as a string, +a number, a reference to a table, a list, a literal example, another +code block---with or without arguments---or the results of evaluating +a code block. + +** Results of evaluation +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +How Org handles results of a code block execution depends on many +header arguments working together. The primary determinant, however, +is the =results= header argument. It controls the /collection/, +/type/, /format/, and /handling/ of code block results. + +- Collection :: + + How the results should be collected from the code block. You may + choose either =output= or =value= (the default). + +- Type :: + + What result types to expect from the execution of the code block. + You may choose among =table=, =list=, =scalar=, and =file=. Org + tries to guess it if you do not provide it. + +- Format :: + + How Org processes results. Some possible values are =code=, + =drawer=, =html=, =latex=, =link=, and =raw=. + +- Handling :: + + How to insert the results once properly formatted. Allowed values + are =silent=, =replace= (the default), =append=, or =prepend=. + +Code blocks which output results to files---e.g.: graphs, diagrams and +figures---can accept a =:file FILENAME= header argument, in which case +the results are saved to the named file, and a link to the file is +inserted into the buffer. + +** Exporting code blocks +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +It is possible to export the /code/ of code blocks, the /results/ of +code block evaluation, /both/ the code and the results of code block +evaluation, or /none/. Org defaults to exporting /code/ for most +languages. + +The =exports= header argument is to specify if that part of the Org +file is exported to, say, HTML or LaTeX formats. It can be set to +either =code=, =results=, =both= or =none=. + +** Extracting source code +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Use {{{kbd(C-c C-v t)}}} to create pure source code files by +extracting code from source blocks in the current buffer. This is +referred to as "tangling"---a term adopted from the literate +programming community. During tangling of code blocks their bodies +are expanded using ~org-babel-expand-src-block~, which can expand both +variable and "Noweb" style references. In order to tangle a code +block it must have a =tangle= header argument, see the manual for +details. + +* Miscellaneous +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere. +:END: + +** Completion +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org has in-buffer completions with {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}}. No minibuffer is +involved. Type one or more letters and invoke the hot key to complete +the text in-place. + +For example, this command will complete TeX symbols after =\=, TODO +keywords at the beginning of a headline, and tags after =:= in +a headline. + + +** Structure Templates +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +To quickly insert empty structural blocks, such as =#+BEGIN_SRC= +... =#+END_SRC=, or to wrap existing text in such a block, use + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-\,)}}} :: + + Prompt for a type of block structure, and insert the block at point. + If the region is active, it is wrapped in the block. + +** Clean view +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org's default outline with stars and no indents can become too +cluttered for short documents. For /book-like/ long documents, the +effect is not as noticeable. Org provides an alternate stars and +indentation scheme, as shown on the right in the following table. It +uses only one star and indents text to line with the heading: + +#+begin_example +,* Top level headline | * Top level headline +,** Second level | * Second level +,*** Third level | * Third level + some text | some text +,*** Third level | * Third level + more text | more text +,* Another top level headline | * Another top level headline +#+end_example + +This kind of view can be achieved dynamically at display time using +Org Indent mode ({{{kbd(M-x org-indent-mode RET)}}}), which prepends +intangible space to each line. You can turn on Org Indent mode for +all files by customizing the variable ~org-startup-indented~, or you +can turn it on for individual files using + +: #+STARTUP: indent + +If you want the indentation to be hard space characters so that the +plain text file looks as similar as possible to the Emacs display, Org +supports you by helping to indent (with {{{kbd(TAB)}}}) text below +each headline, by hiding leading stars, and by only using levels 1, 3, +etc to get two characters indentation for each level. To get this +support in a file, use + +: #+STARTUP: hidestars odd + +* Export Setup :noexport: + +#+setupfile: doc-setup.org + +#+export_file_name: orgguide.texi + +#+texinfo_dir_category: Emacs editing modes +#+texinfo_dir_title: Org Guide: (orgguide) +#+texinfo_dir_desc: Abbreviated Org mode manual + +* Footnotes + +[fn:1] See the variable ~org-special-ctrl-a/e~ to configure special +behavior of {{{kbd(C-a)}}} and {{{kbd(C-e)}}} in headlines. + +[fn:2] If you do not want the line to be split, customize the variable +~org-M-RET-may-split-line~. + +[fn:3] See also the variable ~org-show-context-detail~ to decide how +much context is shown around each match. + +[fn:4] The corresponding in-buffer setting is =#+STARTUP: logdone=. + +[fn:5] The corresponding in-buffer setting is =#+STARTUP: +logenotedone=. + +[fn:6] As with all these in-buffer settings, pressing {{{kbd(C-c +C-c)}}} activates any changes in the line. + +[fn:7] This is quite different from what is normally understood by +/scheduling a meeting/, which is done in Org by just inserting a time +stamp without keyword. + +[fn:8] It will still be listed on that date after it has been marked +as done. If you do not like this, set the variable +~org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done~. + +[fn:9] Using capture templates, you get finer control over capture +locations. See [[*Capture templates]]. + +[fn:10] If you need one of these sequences literally, escape the =%= +with a backslash. diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-manual.org b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-manual.org new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5c9bf43c --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-manual.org @@ -0,0 +1,22234 @@ +#+title: The Org Manual +#+subtitle: Release {{{version}}} +#+author: The Org Mode Developers +#+language: en + + +#+texinfo: @insertcopying + +* Introduction +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Getting started. +:END: +#+cindex: introduction + +** Summary +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Brief summary of what Org does. +:END: +#+cindex: summary + +Org is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, and project +planning with a fast and effective plain-text markup language. It +also is an authoring system with unique support for literate +programming and reproducible research. + +Org is implemented on top of Outline mode, which makes it possible to +keep the content of large files well structured. Visibility cycling +and structure editing help to work with the tree. Tables are easily +created with a built-in table editor. Plain text URL-like links +connect to websites, emails, Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any +files related to the projects. + +Org develops organizational tasks around notes files that contain +lists or information about projects as plain text. Project planning +and task management make use of metadata which is part of an outline +node. Based on this data, specific entries can be extracted in +queries and create dynamic /agenda views/ that also integrate the +Emacs calendar and diary. Org can be used to implement many different +project planning schemes, such as David Allen's GTD system. + +Org files can serve as a single source authoring system with export to +many different formats such as HTML, LaTeX, Open Document, and +Markdown. New export backends can be derived from existing ones, or +defined from scratch. + +Org files can include source code blocks, which makes Org uniquely +suited for authoring technical documents with code examples. Org +source code blocks are fully functional; they can be evaluated in +place and their results can be captured in the file. This makes it +possible to create a single file reproducible research compendium. + +Org keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should feel +like a straightforward, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not +imposed, but a large amount of functionality is available when needed. +Org is a toolbox. Many users actually run only a---very +personal---fraction of Org's capabilities, and know that there is more +whenever they need it. + +All of this is achieved with strictly plain text files, the most +portable and future-proof file format. Org runs in Emacs. Emacs is +one of the most widely ported programs, so that Org mode is available +on every major platform. + +#+cindex: FAQ +There is a website for Org which provides links to the newest version +of Org, as well as additional information, frequently asked questions +(FAQ), links to tutorials, etc. This page is located at +[[https://orgmode.org]]. + +#+cindex: print edition +An earlier version (7.3) of this manual is available as a [[http://www.network-theory.co.uk/org/manual/][paperback +book from Network Theory Ltd.]]. + +** Installation +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Installing Org. +:END: +#+cindex: installation + +Org is included in all recent distributions of GNU Emacs, so you +probably do not need to install it. Most users will simply activate +Org and begin exploring its many features. + +If, for one reason or another, you want to install Org on top of this +pre-packaged version, you can use the Emacs package system or clone +Org's git repository. + +We *strongly recommend* sticking to a single installation method. + +*** Using Emacs packaging system +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Recent Emacs distributions include a packaging system which lets you +install Elisp libraries. You can install Org from the "package menu", +with {{{kbd(M-x list-packages)}}}. See [[info:emacs::Package Menu][Package Menu]]. + +#+attr_texinfo: :tag Important +#+begin_quote +You need to do this in a session where no =.org= file has been +visited, i.e., where no Org built-in function have been loaded. +Otherwise autoload Org functions will mess up the installation. +#+end_quote + +*** Using Org's git repository +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +You can clone Org's repository and install Org like this: + +#+begin_example +$ cd ~/src/ +$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/emacs/org-mode.git +$ cd org-mode/ +$ make autoloads +#+end_example + +Note that in this case, =make autoloads= is mandatory: it defines +Org's version in =org-version.el= and Org's autoloads in +=org-loaddefs.el=. + +Remember to add the correct load path as described in the method +above. + +You can also compile with =make=, generate the documentation with +=make doc=, create a local configuration with =make config= and +install Org with =make install=. Please run =make help= to get the +list of compilation/installation options. + +For more detailed explanations on Org's build system, please check the +Org Build System page on [[https://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-build-system.html][Worg]]. + +*** Installing Org's contributed packages +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org's repository used to contain =contrib/= directory for add-ons +contributed by others. As of Org 9.5, the directory has bee moved to +this new dedicated [[https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib][org-contrib]] repository, which you can install +separately. + +** Activation +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to activate Org for certain buffers. +:END: +#+cindex: activation +#+cindex: autoload +#+cindex: ELPA +#+cindex: global key bindings +#+cindex: key bindings, global + +Org mode buffers need Font Lock to be turned on: this is the default +in Emacs[fn:1]. + +There are compatibility issues between Org mode and some other Elisp +packages (see [[*Packages that conflict with Org mode]]). Please take the +time to check the list. + +#+findex: org-agenda +#+findex: org-capture +#+findex: org-store-link +For a better experience, the three Org commands ~org-store-link~, +~org-capture~ and ~org-agenda~ ought to be accessible anywhere in +Emacs, not just in Org buffers. To that effect, you need to bind them +to globally available keys, like the ones reserved for users (see +[[info:elisp::Key Binding Conventions]]). Here are suggested bindings, +please modify the keys to your own liking. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c l") #'org-store-link) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c a") #'org-agenda) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c c") #'org-capture) +#+end_src + +#+cindex: Org mode, turning on +Files with the =.org= extension use Org mode by default. To turn on +Org mode in a file that does not have the extension =.org=, make the +first line of a file look like this: + +: MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*- + +#+vindex: org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file +#+texinfo: @noindent +which selects Org mode for this buffer no matter what the file's name +is. See also the variable ~org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file~. + +Many commands in Org work on the region if the region is /active/. To +make use of this, you need to have Transient Mark mode turned on, +which is the default. If you do not like it, you can create an active +region by using the mouse to select a region, or pressing +{{{kbd(C-SPC)}}} twice before moving point. + +** Feedback +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Bug reports, ideas, patches, etc. +:END: +#+cindex: feedback +#+cindex: bug reports +#+cindex: reporting a bug +#+cindex: maintainer +#+cindex: author + +If you find problems with Org, or if you have questions, remarks, or +ideas about it, please send an email to the Org mailing list +[[mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org]]. You can subscribe to the list [[https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/emacs-orgmode][from this +web page]]. If you are not a member of the mailing list, your mail will +be passed to the list after a moderator has approved it[fn:2]. We ask +you to read and respect the [[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/kind-communication.html][GNU Kind Communications Guidelines]] when +sending messages on this mailing list. + +#+findex: org-version +#+findex: org-submit-bug-report +For bug reports, please first try to reproduce the bug with the latest +version of Org available---if you are running an outdated version, it +is quite possible that the bug has been fixed already. If the bug +persists, prepare a report and provide as much information as +possible, including the version information of Emacs ({{{kbd(M-x +emacs-version)}}}) and Org ({{{kbd(M-x org-version)}}}), as well as +the Org related setup in the Emacs init file. The easiest way to do +this is to use the command + +: M-x org-submit-bug-report + +#+texinfo: @noindent +which puts all this information into an Emacs mail buffer so that you +only need to add your description. If you are not sending the Email +from within Emacs, please copy and paste the content into your Email +program. + +Sometimes you might face a problem due to an error in your Emacs or +Org mode setup. Before reporting a bug, it is very helpful to start +Emacs with minimal customizations and reproduce the problem. Doing so +often helps you determine if the problem is with your customization or +with Org mode itself. You can start a typical minimal session with +a command like the example below. + +: $ emacs -Q -l /path/to/minimal-org.el + +However if you are using Org mode as distributed with Emacs, a minimal +setup is not necessary. In that case it is sufficient to start Emacs +as =emacs -Q=. The =minimal-org.el= setup file can have contents as +shown below. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +;;; Minimal setup to load latest `org-mode'. + +;; Activate debugging. +(setq debug-on-error t + debug-on-signal nil + debug-on-quit nil) + +;; Add latest Org mode to load path. +(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "/path/to/org-mode/lisp")) +#+end_src + +If an error occurs, a "backtrace" can be very useful---see below on +how to create one. Often a small example file helps, along with clear +information about: + +1. What exactly did you do? +2. What did you expect to happen? +3. What happened instead? + +Thank you for helping to improve this program. + +*** How to create a useful backtrace +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: backtrace of an error +If working with Org produces an error with a message you do not +understand, you may have hit a bug. The best way to report this is by +providing, in addition to what was mentioned above, a backtrace. This +is information from the built-in debugger about where and how the +error occurred. Here is how to produce a useful backtrace: + +1. Reload uncompiled versions of all Org mode Lisp files. The + backtrace contains much more information if it is produced with + uncompiled code. To do this, use + + : C-u M-x org-reload + + #+texinfo: @noindent + or, from the menu: Org \rarr Refresh/Reload \rarr Reload Org uncompiled. + +2. Then, activate the debugger: + + : M-x toggle-debug-on-error + + #+texinfo: @noindent + or, from the menu: Options \rarr Enter Debugger on Error. + +3. Do whatever you have to do to hit the error. Do not forget to + document the steps you take. + +4. When you hit the error, a =*Backtrace*= buffer appears on the + screen. Save this buffer to a file---for example using {{{kbd(C-x + C-w)}}}---and attach it to your bug report. + +** Typesetting Conventions Used in this Manual +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Typesetting conventions used in this manual. +:ALT_TITLE: Conventions +:END: + +*** TODO keywords, tags, properties, etc. +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org uses various syntactical elements: TODO keywords, tags, property +names, keywords, blocks, etc. In this manual we use the following +conventions: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- =TODO=, =WAITING= :: + + TODO keywords are written with all capitals, even if they are + user-defined. + +- =boss=, =ARCHIVE= :: + + Tags are case-sensitive. User-defined tags are usually written in + lowercase; built-in tags with special meaning are written as they + should appear in the document, usually with all capitals. + +- =Release=, =PRIORITY= :: + + User-defined properties are capitalized; built-in properties with + special meaning are written with all capitals. + +- =TITLE=, =BEGIN= ... =END= :: + + Keywords and blocks are written in uppercase to enhance their + readability, but you can use lowercase in your Org files. + +*** Key bindings and commands +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The manual lists both the keys and the corresponding commands for +accessing a functionality. Org mode often uses the same key for +different functions, depending on context. The command that is bound +to such keys has a generic name, like ~org-metaright~. In the manual +we will, wherever possible, give the function that is internally +called by the generic command. For example, in the chapter on +document structure, {{{kbd(M-RIGHT)}}} will be listed to call +~org-do-demote~, while in the chapter on tables, it will be listed to +call ~org-table-move-column-right~. + +* Document Structure +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: A tree works like your brain. +:END: + +#+cindex: document structure +#+cindex: structure of document +Org is an outliner. Outlines allow a document to be organized in +a hierarchical structure, which, least for me, is the best +representation of notes and thoughts. An overview of this structure +is achieved by folding, i.e., hiding large parts of the document to +show only the general document structure and the parts currently being +worked on. Org greatly simplifies the use of outlines by compressing +the entire show and hide functionalities into a single command, +~org-cycle~, which is bound to the {{{kbd(TAB)}}} key. + +** Headlines +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to typeset Org tree headlines. +:END: +#+cindex: headlines +#+cindex: outline tree +#+vindex: org-special-ctrl-a/e +#+vindex: org-special-ctrl-k +#+vindex: org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree + +Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. Org headlines +start on the left margin[fn:3] with one or more stars followed by +a space. For example: + +#+begin_example +,* Top level headline +,** Second level +,*** Third level + some text +,*** Third level + more text +,* Another top level headline +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-footnote-section +The name defined in ~org-footnote-section~ is reserved. Do not use it +as a title for your own headings. + +Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an outline +that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline starters. +This can be achieved using a Org Indent minor mode. See [[*A Cleaner +Outline View]] for more information. + +Headlines are not numbered. However, you may want to dynamically +number some, or all, of them. See [[*Dynamic Headline Numbering]]. + +#+vindex: org-cycle-separator-lines +An empty line after the end of a subtree is considered part of it and +is hidden when the subtree is folded. However, if you leave at least +two empty lines, one empty line remains visible after folding the +subtree, in order to structure the collapsed view. See the variable +~org-cycle-separator-lines~ to modify this behavior. + +** Visibility Cycling +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Show and hide, much simplified. +:END: +#+cindex: cycling, visibility +#+cindex: visibility cycling +#+cindex: trees, visibility +#+cindex: show hidden text +#+cindex: hide text + +*** Global and local cycling +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Cycling through various visibility states. +:END: +#+cindex: subtree visibility states +#+cindex: subtree cycling +#+cindex: folded, subtree visibility state +#+cindex: children, subtree visibility state +#+cindex: subtree, subtree visibility state + +Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer. +Org uses just two commands, bound to {{{kbd(TAB)}}} and +{{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} to change the visibility in the buffer. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} (~org-cycle~) :: + + #+kindex: TAB + #+findex: org-cycle + /Subtree cycling/: Rotate current subtree among the states + + #+begin_example + ,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --. + '-----------------------------------' + #+end_example + + #+vindex: org-cycle-emulate-tab + Point must be on a headline for this to work[fn:4]. + +- {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} (~org-global-cycle~), {{{kbd(C-u TAB)}}} :: + + #+cindex: global visibility states + #+cindex: global cycling + #+cindex: overview, global visibility state + #+cindex: contents, global visibility state + #+cindex: show all, global visibility state + #+kindex: C-u TAB + #+kindex: S-TAB + #+findex: org-global-cycle + /Global cycling/: Rotate the entire buffer among the states + + #+begin_example + ,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --. + '--------------------------------------' + #+end_example + + When {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} is called with a numeric prefix argument + {{{var(N)}}}, view contents only up to headlines of level + {{{var(N)}}}. + + Note that inside tables (see [[*Tables]]), {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} jumps to the + previous field instead. + + #+vindex: org-cycle-global-at-bob + You can run global cycling using {{{kbd(TAB)}}} only if point is at + the very beginning of the buffer, but not on a headline, and + ~org-cycle-global-at-bob~ is set to a non-~nil~ value. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u TAB)}}} (~org-set-startup-visibility~) :: + + #+cindex: startup visibility + #+kindex: C-u C-u TAB + #+findex: org-set-startup-visibility + Switch back to the startup visibility of the buffer (see [[*Initial + visibility]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u TAB)}}} (~outline-show-all~) :: + + #+cindex: show all, command + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-u TAB + #+findex: outline-show-all + Show all, including drawers. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-r)}}} (~org-reveal~) :: + + #+cindex: revealing context + #+kindex: C-c C-r + #+findex: org-reveal + Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the + following heading and the hierarchy above. It is useful for working + near a location that has been exposed by a sparse tree command (see + [[*Sparse Trees]]) or an agenda command (see [[*Commands in the Agenda + Buffer]]). With a prefix argument, show, on each level, all sibling + headings. With a double prefix argument, also show the entire + subtree of the parent. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-k)}}} (~outline-show-branches~) :: + + #+cindex: show branches, command + #+kindex: C-c C-k + #+findex: outline-show-branches + Expose all the headings of the subtree, but not their bodies. + +- {{{kbd(C-c TAB)}}} (~outline-show-children~) :: + + #+cindex: show children, command + #+kindex: C-c TAB + #+findex: outline-show-children + Expose all direct children of the subtree. With a numeric prefix + argument {{{var(N)}}}, expose all children down to level + {{{var(N)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x b)}}} (~org-tree-to-indirect-buffer~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x b + #+findex: org-tree-to-indirect-buffer + Show the current subtree in an indirect buffer[fn:5]. With + a numeric prefix argument {{{var(N)}}}, go up to level {{{var(N)}}} + and then take that tree. If {{{var(N)}}} is negative then go up + that many levels. With a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, do not remove the + previously used indirect buffer. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x v)}}} (~org-copy-visible~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x v + #+findex: org-copy-visible + Copy the /visible/ text in the region into the kill ring. + +*** Initial visibility +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Setting the initial visibility state. +:END: + +#+vindex: org-startup-folded +When Emacs first visits an Org file, the global state is set to +~showeverything~, i.e., all file content is visible[fn:6]. This can +be configured through the variable ~org-startup-folded~, or on +a per-file basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the +buffer: + +#+cindex: @samp{STARTUP}, keyword +#+begin_example +,#+STARTUP: overview +,#+STARTUP: content +,#+STARTUP: showall +,#+STARTUP: show2levels +,#+STARTUP: show3levels +,#+STARTUP: show4levels +,#+STARTUP: show5levels +,#+STARTUP: showeverything +#+end_example + +#+cindex: @samp{VISIBILITY}, property +Furthermore, any entries with a =VISIBILITY= property (see [[*Properties +and Columns]]) get their visibility adapted accordingly. Allowed values +for this property are =folded=, =children=, =content=, and =all=. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u TAB)}}} (~org-set-startup-visibility~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-u TAB + #+findex: org-set-startup-visibility + Switch back to the startup visibility of the buffer, i.e., whatever + is requested by startup options and =VISIBILITY= properties in + individual entries. + +*** Catching invisible edits +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Preventing mistakes when editing invisible parts. +:END: +#+cindex: edits, catching invisible + +#+vindex: org-catch-invisible-edits +Sometimes you may inadvertently edit an invisible part of the buffer +and be confused on what has been edited and how to undo the mistake. +Setting ~org-catch-invisible-edits~ to non-~nil~ helps preventing +this. See the docstring of this option on how Org should catch +invisible edits and process them. + +** Motion +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Jumping to other headlines. +:END: +#+cindex: motion, between headlines +#+cindex: jumping, to headlines +#+cindex: headline navigation + +The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-n)}}} (~org-next-visible-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-n + #+findex: org-next-visible-heading + Next heading. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-p)}}} (~org-previous-visible-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-p + #+findex: org-previous-visible-heading + Previous heading. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-f)}}} (~org-forward-heading-same-level~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-f + #+findex: org-forward-heading-same-level + Next heading same level. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-b)}}} (~org-backward-heading-same-level~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-b + #+findex: org-backward-heading-same-level + Previous heading same level. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-u)}}} (~outline-up-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-u + #+findex: outline-up-heading + Backward to higher level heading. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-j)}}} (~org-goto~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-j + #+findex: org-goto + #+vindex: org-goto-auto-isearch + Jump to a different place without changing the current outline + visibility. Shows the document structure in a temporary buffer, + where you can use the following keys to find your destination: + + #+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.3 0.7 + | {{{kbd(TAB)}}} | Cycle visibility. | + | {{{kbd(DOWN)}}} / {{{kbd(UP)}}} | Next/previous visible headline. | + | {{{kbd(RET)}}} | Select this location. | + | {{{kbd(/)}}} | Do a Sparse-tree search | + + #+texinfo: @noindent + The following keys work if you turn off ~org-goto-auto-isearch~ + + #+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.3 0.7 + | {{{kbd(n)}}} / {{{kbd(p)}}} | Next/previous visible headline. | + | {{{kbd(f)}}} / {{{kbd(b)}}} | Next/previous headline same level. | + | {{{kbd(u)}}} | One level up. | + | {{{kbd(0)}}} ... {{{kbd(9)}}} | Digit argument. | + | {{{kbd(q)}}} | Quit. | + + #+vindex: org-goto-interface + #+texinfo: @noindent + See also the variable ~org-goto-interface~. + +** Structure Editing +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Changing sequence and level of headlines. +:END: +#+cindex: structure editing +#+cindex: headline, promotion and demotion +#+cindex: promotion, of subtrees +#+cindex: demotion, of subtrees +#+cindex: subtree, cut and paste +#+cindex: pasting, of subtrees +#+cindex: cutting, of subtrees +#+cindex: copying, of subtrees +#+cindex: sorting, of subtrees +#+cindex: subtrees, cut and paste + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(M-RET)}}} (~org-meta-return~) :: + + #+kindex: M-RET + #+findex: org-meta-return + #+vindex: org-M-RET-may-split-line + Insert a new heading, item or row. + + If the command is used at the /beginning/ of a line, and if there is + a heading or a plain list item (see [[*Plain Lists]]) at point, the new + heading/item is created /before/ the current line. When used at the + beginning of a regular line of text, turn that line into a heading. + + When this command is used in the middle of a line, the line is split + and the rest of the line becomes the new item or headline. If you + do not want the line to be split, customize + ~org-M-RET-may-split-line~. + + Calling the command with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix unconditionally + inserts a new heading at the end of the current subtree, thus + preserving its contents. With a double {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} prefix, + the new heading is created at the end of the parent subtree instead. + +- {{{kbd(C-RET)}}} (~org-insert-heading-respect-content~) :: + + #+kindex: C-RET + #+findex: org-insert-heading-respect-content + Insert a new heading at the end of the current subtree. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RET)}}} (~org-insert-todo-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-RET + #+findex: org-insert-todo-heading + #+vindex: org-treat-insert-todo-heading-as-state-change + Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading. See also + the variable ~org-treat-insert-todo-heading-as-state-change~. + +- {{{kbd(C-S-RET)}}} (~org-insert-todo-heading-respect-content~) :: + + #+kindex: C-S-RET + #+findex: org-insert-todo-heading-respect-content + Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading. Like + {{{kbd(C-RET)}}}, the new headline is inserted after the current + subtree. + +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} (~org-cycle~) :: + + #+kindex: TAB + #+findex: org-cycle + In a new entry with no text yet, the first {{{kbd(TAB)}}} demotes + the entry to become a child of the previous one. The next + {{{kbd(TAB)}}} makes it a parent, and so on, all the way to top + level. Yet another {{{kbd(TAB)}}}, and you are back to the initial + level. + +- {{{kbd(M-LEFT)}}} (~org-do-promote~), {{{kbd(M-RIGHT)}}} (~org-do-demote~) :: + + #+kindex: M-LEFT + #+findex: org-do-promote + #+kindex: M-RIGHT + #+findex: org-do-demote + Promote or demote current heading by one level. + + #+cindex: region, active + #+cindex: active region + #+cindex: transient mark mode + When there is an active region---i.e., when Transient Mark mode is + active---promotion and demotion work on all headlines in the region. + To select a region of headlines, it is best to place both point and + mark at the beginning of a line, mark at the beginning of the first + headline, and point at the line just after the last headline to + change. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-LEFT)}}} (~org-promote-subtree~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-LEFT + #+findex: org-promote-subtree + Promote the current subtree by one level. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-demote-subtree~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-RIGHT + #+findex: org-demote-subtree + Demote the current subtree by one level. + +- {{{kbd(M-UP)}}} (~org-move-subtree-up~) :: + + #+kindex: M-UP + #+findex: org-move-subtree-up + Move subtree up, i.e., swap with previous subtree of same level. + +- {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} (~org-move-subtree-down~) :: + + #+kindex: M-DOWN + #+findex: org-move-subtree-down + Move subtree down, i.e., swap with next subtree of same level. + +- {{{kbd(C-c @)}}} (~org-mark-subtree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c @@ + #+findex: org-mark-subtree + Mark the subtree at point. Hitting repeatedly marks subsequent + subtrees of the same level as the marked subtree. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-w)}}} (~org-cut-subtree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-w + #+findex: org-cut-subtree + Kill subtree, i.e., remove it from buffer but save in kill ring. + With a numeric prefix argument N, kill N sequential subtrees. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x M-w)}}} (~org-copy-subtree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x M-w + #+findex: org-copy-subtree + Copy subtree to kill ring. With a numeric prefix argument N, copy + the N sequential subtrees. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-y)}}} (~org-paste-subtree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-y + #+findex: org-paste-subtree + Yank subtree from kill ring. This does modify the level of the + subtree to make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position. + The yank level can also be specified with a numeric prefix argument, + or by yanking after a headline marker like =****=. + +- {{{kbd(C-y)}}} (~org-yank~) :: + + #+kindex: C-y + #+findex: org-yank + #+vindex: org-yank-adjusted-subtrees + #+vindex: org-yank-folded-subtrees + Depending on the variables ~org-yank-adjusted-subtrees~ and + ~org-yank-folded-subtrees~, Org's internal ~yank~ command pastes + subtrees folded and in a clever way, using the same command as + {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-y)}}}. With the default settings, no level + adjustment takes place, but the yanked tree is folded unless doing + so would swallow text previously visible. Any prefix argument to + this command forces a normal ~yank~ to be executed, with the prefix + passed along. A good way to force a normal yank is {{{kbd(C-u + C-y)}}}. If you use ~yank-pop~ after a yank, it yanks previous kill + items plainly, without adjustment and folding. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x c)}}} (~org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x c + #+findex: org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift + Clone a subtree by making a number of sibling copies of it. You are + prompted for the number of copies to make, and you can also specify + if any timestamps in the entry should be shifted. This can be + useful, for example, to create a number of tasks related to a series + of lectures to prepare. For more details, see the docstring of the + command ~org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}} (~org-refile~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-w + #+findex: org-refile + Refile entry or region to a different location. See [[*Refile and + Copy]]. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ^)}}} (~org-sort~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ^ + #+findex: org-sort + Sort same-level entries. When there is an active region, all + entries in the region are sorted. Otherwise the children of the + current headline are sorted. The command prompts for the sorting + method, which can be alphabetically, numerically, by time---first + timestamp with active preferred, creation time, scheduled time, + deadline time---by priority, by TODO keyword---in the sequence the + keywords have been defined in the setup---or by the value of + a property. Reverse sorting is possible as well. You can also + supply your own function to extract the sorting key. With + a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, sorting is case-sensitive. + +- {{{kbd(C-x n s)}}} (~org-narrow-to-subtree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-x n s + #+findex: org-narrow-to-subtree + Narrow buffer to current subtree. + +- {{{kbd(C-x n b)}}} (~org-narrow-to-block~) :: + + #+kindex: C-x n b + #+findex: org-narrow-to-block + Narrow buffer to current block. + +- {{{kbd(C-x n w)}}} (~widen~) :: + + #+kindex: C-x n w + #+findex: widen + Widen buffer to remove narrowing. + +- {{{kbd(C-c *)}}} (~org-toggle-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c * + #+findex: org-toggle-heading + Turn a normal line or plain list item into a headline---so that it + becomes a subheading at its location. Also turn a headline into + a normal line by removing the stars. If there is an active region, + turn all lines in the region into headlines. If the first line in + the region was an item, turn only the item lines into headlines. + Finally, if the first line is a headline, remove the stars from all + headlines in the region. + +Note that when point is inside a table (see [[*Tables]]), the Meta-Cursor +keys have different functionality. + +** Sparse Trees +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Matches embedded in context. +:END: +#+cindex: sparse trees +#+cindex: trees, sparse +#+cindex: folding, sparse trees +#+cindex: occur, command + +#+vindex: org-show-context-detail +An important feature of Org mode is the ability to construct /sparse +trees/ for selected information in an outline tree, so that the entire +document is folded as much as possible, but the selected information +is made visible along with the headline structure above it[fn:7]. +Just try it out and you will see immediately how it works. + +Org mode contains several commands creating such trees, all these +commands can be accessed through a dispatcher: + +- {{{kbd(C-c /)}}} (~org-sparse-tree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c / + #+findex: org-sparse-tree + This prompts for an extra key to select a sparse-tree creating + command. + +- {{{kbd(C-c / r)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c / /)}}} (~org-occur~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c / r + #+kindex: C-c / / + #+findex: org-occur + #+vindex: org-remove-highlights-with-change + Prompts for a regexp (see [[*Regular Expressions]]) and shows a sparse + tree with all matches. If the match is in a headline, the headline + is made visible. If the match is in the body of an entry, headline + and body are made visible. In order to provide minimal context, + also the full hierarchy of headlines above the match is shown, as + well as the headline following the match. Each match is also + highlighted; the highlights disappear when the buffer is changed by + an editing command, or by pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}[fn:8]. When + called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, previous highlights + are kept, so several calls to this command can be stacked. + +- {{{kbd(M-g n)}}} or {{{kbd(M-g M-n)}}} (~next-error~) :: + + #+kindex: M-g n + #+kindex: M-g M-n + #+findex: next-error + Jump to the next sparse tree match in this buffer. + +- {{{kbd(M-g p)}}} or {{{kbd(M-g M-p)}}} (~previous-error~) :: + + #+kindex: M-g p + #+kindex: M-g M-p + #+findex: previous-error + Jump to the previous sparse tree match in this buffer. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands +For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can +use the variable ~org-agenda-custom-commands~ to define fast keyboard +access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be +accessible through the agenda dispatcher (see [[*The Agenda Dispatcher]]). +For example: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("f" occur-tree "FIXME"))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +defines the key {{{kbd(f)}}} as a shortcut for creating a sparse tree +matching the string =FIXME=. + +The other sparse tree commands select headings based on TODO keywords, +tags, or properties and are discussed later in this manual. + +#+kindex: C-c C-e C-v +#+cindex: printing sparse trees +#+cindex: visible text, printing +To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command +~ps-print-buffer-with-faces~ which does not print invisible parts of +the document. Or you can use the command {{{kbd(C-c C-e C-v)}}} to +export only the visible part of the document and print the resulting +file. + +** Plain Lists +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Additional structure within an entry. +:END: +#+cindex: plain lists +#+cindex: lists, plain +#+cindex: lists, ordered +#+cindex: ordered lists + +Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide +additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of +checkboxes (see [[*Checkboxes]]). Org supports editing such lists, and +every exporter (see [[*Exporting]]) can parse and format them. + +Org knows ordered lists, unordered lists, and description lists. + +#+attr_texinfo: :indic @bullet +- /Unordered/ list items start with =-=, =+=, or =*=[fn:9] as bullets. + +- + #+vindex: org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator + #+vindex: org-alphabetical-lists + /Ordered/ list items start with a numeral followed by either + a period or a right parenthesis[fn:10], such as =1.= or =1)=[fn:11] + If you want a list to start with a different value---e.g., + 20---start the text of the item with =[@20]=[fn:12]. Those + constructs can be used in any item of the list in order to enforce + a particular numbering. + +- /Description/ list items are unordered list items, and contain the + separator =::= to distinguish the description /term/ from the + description. + +Items belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the +first line. In particular, if an ordered list reaches number =10.=, +then the 2-digit numbers must be written left-aligned with the other +numbers in the list. An item ends before the next line that is less +or equally indented than its bullet/number. + +A list ends whenever every item has ended, which means before any line +less or equally indented than items at top level. It also ends before +two blank lines. In that case, all items are closed. Here is an +example: + +#+begin_example +,* Lord of the Rings +My favorite scenes are (in this order) +1. The attack of the Rohirrim +2. Eowyn's fight with the witch king + + this was already my favorite scene in the book + + I really like Miranda Otto. +3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas + - on DVD only + He makes a really funny face when it happens. +But in the end, no individual scenes matter but the film as a whole. +Important actors in this film are: +- Elijah Wood :: He plays Frodo +- Sean Astin :: He plays Sam, Frodo's friend. I still remember him + very well from his role as Mikey Walsh in /The Goonies/. +#+end_example + +Org supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands to +deal with them correctly, and by exporting them properly (see +[[*Exporting]]). Since indentation is what governs the structure of these +lists, many structural constructs like =#+BEGIN_= blocks can be +indented to signal that they belong to a particular item. + +#+vindex: org-list-demote-modify-bullet +#+vindex: org-list-indent-offset +If you find that using a different bullet for a sub-list---than that +used for the current list-level---improves readability, customize the +variable ~org-list-demote-modify-bullet~. To get a greater difference +of indentation between items and theirs sub-items, customize +~org-list-indent-offset~. + +#+vindex: org-list-automatic-rules +The following commands act on items when point is in the first line of +an item---the line with the bullet or number. Some of them imply the +application of automatic rules to keep list structure intact. If some +of these actions get in your way, configure ~org-list-automatic-rules~ +to disable them individually. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} (~org-cycle~) :: + + #+cindex: cycling, in plain lists + #+kindex: TAB + #+findex: org-cycle + #+vindex: org-cycle-include-plain-lists + Items can be folded just like headline levels. Normally this works + only if point is on a plain list item. For more details, see the + variable ~org-cycle-include-plain-lists~. If this variable is set + to ~integrate~, plain list items are treated like low-level + headlines. The level of an item is then given by the indentation of + the bullet/number. Items are always subordinate to real headlines, + however; the hierarchies remain completely separated. In a new item + with no text yet, the first {{{kbd(TAB)}}} demotes the item to + become a child of the previous one. Subsequent {{{kbd(TAB)}}}s move + the item to meaningful levels in the list and eventually get it back + to its initial position. + +- {{{kbd(M-RET)}}} (~org-insert-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: M-RET + #+findex: org-insert-heading + #+vindex: org-M-RET-may-split-line + Insert new item at current level. With a prefix argument, force + a new heading (see [[*Structure Editing]]). If this command is used in + the middle of an item, that item is /split/ in two, and the second + part becomes the new item[fn:13]. If this command is executed + /before item's body/, the new item is created /before/ the current + one. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RET)}}} :: + + #+kindex: M-S-RET + Insert a new item with a checkbox (see [[*Checkboxes]]). + +- {{{kbd(S-UP)}}}, {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} :: + + #+kindex: S-UP + #+kindex: S-DOWN + #+cindex: shift-selection-mode + #+vindex: org-support-shift-select + #+vindex: org-list-use-circular-motion + Jump to the previous/next item in the current list, but only if + ~org-support-shift-select~ is off[fn:14]. If not, you can still use + paragraph jumping commands like {{{kbd(C-UP)}}} and + {{{kbd(C-DOWN)}}} to quite similar effect. + +- {{{kbd(M-UP)}}}, {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} :: + + #+kindex: M-UP + #+kindex: M-DOWN + Move the item including subitems up/down[fn:15], i.e., swap with + previous/next item of same indentation. If the list is ordered, + renumbering is automatic. + +- {{{kbd(M-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(M-RIGHT)}}} :: + + #+kindex: M-LEFT + #+kindex: M-RIGHT + Decrease/increase the indentation of an item, leaving children + alone. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(M-S-RIGHT)}}} :: + + #+kindex: M-S-LEFT + #+kindex: M-S-RIGHT + Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems. + Initially, the item tree is selected based on current indentation. + When these commands are executed several times in direct succession, + the initially selected region is used, even if the new indentation + would imply a different hierarchy. To use the new hierarchy, break + the command chain by moving point. + + As a special case, using this command on the very first item of + a list moves the whole list. This behavior can be disabled by + configuring ~org-list-automatic-rules~. The global indentation of + a list has no influence on the text /after/ the list. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + If there is a checkbox (see [[*Checkboxes]]) in the item line, toggle + the state of the checkbox. In any case, verify bullets and + indentation consistency in the whole list. + +- {{{kbd(C-c -)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c - + #+vindex: org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator + Cycle the entire list level through the different itemize/enumerate + bullets (=-=, =+=, =*=, =1.=, =1)=) or a subset of them, depending + on ~org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator~, the type of list, and + its indentation. With a numeric prefix argument N, select the Nth + bullet from this list. If there is an active region when calling + this, all lines are converted to list items. With a prefix + argument, the selected text is changed into a single item. If the + first line already was a list item, any item marker is removed from + the list. Finally, even without an active region, a normal line is + converted into a list item. + +- {{{kbd(C-c *)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c * + Turn a plain list item into a headline---so that it becomes + a subheading at its location. See [[*Structure Editing]], for + a detailed explanation. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-*)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-* + Turn the whole plain list into a subtree of the current heading. + Checkboxes (see [[*Checkboxes]]) become =TODO=, respectively =DONE=, + keywords when unchecked, respectively checked. + +- {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} :: + + #+vindex: org-support-shift-select + #+kindex: S-LEFT + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + This command also cycles bullet styles when point is in on the + bullet or anywhere in an item line, details depending on + ~org-support-shift-select~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ^)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c ^ + #+cindex: sorting, of plain list + Sort the plain list. Prompt for the sorting method: numerically, + alphabetically, by time, or by custom function. + +** Drawers +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tucking stuff away. +:END: +#+cindex: drawers +#+cindex: visibility cycling, drawers + +Sometimes you want to keep information associated with an entry, but +you normally do not want to see it. For this, Org mode has /drawers/. +They can contain anything but a headline and another drawer. Drawers +look like this: + +#+begin_example +,** This is a headline +Still outside the drawer +:DRAWERNAME: +This is inside the drawer. +:END: +After the drawer. +#+end_example + +#+kindex: C-c C-x d +#+findex: org-insert-drawer +You can interactively insert a drawer at point by calling +~org-insert-drawer~, which is bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-x d)}}}. With an +active region, this command puts the region inside the drawer. With +a prefix argument, this command calls ~org-insert-property-drawer~, +which creates a =PROPERTIES= drawer right below the current headline. +Org mode uses this special drawer for storing properties (see +[[*Properties and Columns]]). You cannot use it for anything else. + +Completion over drawer keywords is also possible using +{{{kbd(M-TAB)}}}[fn:16]. + +Visibility cycling (see [[*Visibility Cycling]]) on the headline hides and +shows the entry, but keep the drawer collapsed to a single line. In +order to look inside the drawer, you need to move point to the drawer +line and press {{{kbd(TAB)}}} there. + +You can also arrange for state change notes (see [[Tracking TODO state +changes]]) and clock times (see [[*Clocking Work Time]]) to be stored in +a =LOGBOOK= drawer. If you want to store a quick note there, in +a similar way to state changes, use + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-z)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-z + Add a time-stamped note to the =LOGBOOK= drawer. + +** Blocks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Folding blocks. +:END: +#+vindex: org-hide-block-startup +#+cindex: blocks, folding + +Org mode uses =#+BEGIN= ... =#+END= blocks for various purposes from +including source code examples (see [[*Literal Examples]]) to capturing +time logging information (see [[*Clocking Work Time]]). These blocks can +be folded and unfolded by pressing {{{kbd(TAB)}}} in the =#+BEGIN= +line. You can also get all blocks folded at startup by configuring +the variable ~org-hide-block-startup~ or on a per-file basis by using + +#+cindex: STARTUP, keyword +#+begin_example +,#+STARTUP: hideblocks +,#+STARTUP: nohideblocks +#+end_example + +* Tables +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Pure magic for quick formatting. +:END: +#+cindex: tables +#+cindex: editing tables + +Org comes with a fast and intuitive table editor. Spreadsheet-like +calculations are supported using the Emacs Calc package (see [[info:calc][GNU Emacs +Calculator Manual]]). + +** Built-in Table Editor +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Simple tables. +:END: +#+cindex: table editor, built-in + +#+cindex: header lines, in tables +#+cindex: horizontal rule, in tables +#+cindex: row separator, in tables +#+cindex: table syntax +Org makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII. Any line with =|= +as the first non-whitespace character is considered part of a table. +=|= is also the column separator[fn:17]. Moreover, a line starting +with =|-= is a horizontal rule. It separates rows explicitly. Rows +before the first horizontal rule are header lines. A table might look +like this: + +#+begin_example +| Name | Phone | Age | +|-------+-------+-----| +| Peter | 1234 | 17 | +| Anna | 4321 | 25 | +#+end_example + +A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press +{{{kbd(TAB)}}}, {{{kbd(RET)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} inside the table. +{{{kbd(TAB)}}} also moves to the next field---{{{kbd(RET)}}} to the +next row---and creates new table rows at the end of the table or +before horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is set by the +first line. Horizontal rules are automatically expanded on every +re-align to span the whole table width. So, to create the above +table, you would only type + +#+begin_example +|Name|Phone|Age| +|- +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +and then press {{{kbd(TAB)}}} to align the table and start filling in +fields. Even faster would be to type =|Name|Phone|Age= followed by +{{{kbd(C-c RET)}}}. + +When typing text into a field, Org treats {{{kbd(DEL)}}}, +{{{kbd(Backspace)}}}, and all character keys in a special way, so that +inserting and deleting avoids shifting other fields. Also, when +typing /immediately/ after point was moved into a new field with +{{{kbd(TAB)}}}, {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} or {{{kbd(RET)}}}, the field is +automatically made blank. If this behavior is too unpredictable for +you, configure the option ~org-table-auto-blank-field~. + +*** Creation and conversion +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c |)}}} (~org-table-create-or-convert-from-region~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c | + #+findex: org-table-create-or-convert-from-region + Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least + one {{{kbd(TAB)}}} character, the function assumes that the material + is tab separated. If every line contains a comma, comma-separated + values (CSV) are assumed. If not, lines are split at whitespace + into fields. You can use a prefix argument to force a specific + separator: {{{kbd(C-u)}}} forces CSV, {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} forces + {{{kbd(TAB)}}}, {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u)}}} prompts for a regular + expression to match the separator, and a numeric argument + N indicates that at least N consecutive spaces, or alternatively + a {{{kbd(TAB)}}} will be the separator. + + If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org + table. But it is easier just to start typing, like {{{kbd(| + N a m e | P h o n e | A g e RET | - TAB)}}}. + +*** Re-aligning and field motion +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} (~org-table-align~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+findex: org-table-align + Re-align the table without moving point. + +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} (~org-table-next-field~) :: + + #+kindex: TAB + #+findex: org-table-next-field + Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if + necessary. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-blank-field)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-table-blank-field + Blank the field at point. + +- {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} (~org-table-previous-field~) :: + + #+kindex: S-TAB + #+findex: org-table-previous-field + Re-align, move to previous field. + +- {{{kbd(RET)}}} (~org-table-next-row~) :: + + #+kindex: RET + #+findex: org-table-next-row + Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if + necessary. At the beginning or end of a line, {{{kbd(RET)}}} still + inserts a new line, so it can be used to split a table. + +- {{{kbd(M-a)}}} (~org-table-beginning-of-field~) :: + + #+kindex: M-a + #+findex: org-table-beginning-of-field + Move to beginning of the current table field, or on to the previous + field. + +- {{{kbd(M-e)}}} (~org-table-end-of-field~) :: + + #+kindex: M-e + #+findex: org-table-end-of-field + Move to end of the current table field, or on to the next field. + +*** Column and row editing +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(M-LEFT)}}} (~org-table-move-column-left~) :: + + #+kindex: M-LEFT + #+findex: org-table-move-column-left + Move the current column left. + +- {{{kbd(M-RIGHT)}}} (~org-table-move-column-right~) :: + + #+kindex: M-RIGHT + #+findex: org-table-move-column-right + Move the current column right. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-LEFT)}}} (~org-table-delete-column~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-LEFT + #+findex: org-table-delete-column + Kill the current column. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-table-insert-column~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-RIGHT + #+findex: org-table-insert-column + Insert a new column at point position. Move the recent column and + all cells to the right of this column to the right. + +- {{{kbd(M-UP)}}} (~org-table-move-row-up~) :: + + #+kindex: M-UP + #+findex: org-table-move-row-up + Move the current row up. + +- {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} (~org-table-move-row-down~) :: + + #+kindex: M-DOWN + #+findex: org-table-move-row-down + Move the current row down. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-UP)}}} (~org-table-kill-row~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-UP + #+findex: org-table-kill-row + Kill the current row or horizontal line. + +- {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} (~org-table-move-cell-up~) :: + + #+kindex: S-UP + #+findex: org-table-move-cell-up + Move cell up by swapping with adjacent cell. + +- {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} (~org-table-move-cell-down~) :: + + #+kindex: S-DOWN + #+findex: org-table-move-cell-down + Move cell down by swapping with adjacent cell. + +- {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} (~org-table-move-cell-left~) :: + + #+kindex: S-LEFT + #+findex: org-table-move-cell-left + Move cell left by swapping with adjacent cell. + +- {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-table-move-cell-right~) :: + + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+findex: org-table-move-cell-right + Move cell right by swapping with adjacent cell. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-DOWN)}}} (~org-table-insert-row~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-DOWN + #+findex: org-table-insert-row + Insert a new row above the current row. With a prefix argument, the + line is created below the current one. + +- {{{kbd(C-c -)}}} (~org-table-insert-hline~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c - + #+findex: org-table-insert-hline + Insert a horizontal line below current row. With a prefix argument, + the line is created above the current line. + +- {{{kbd(C-c RET)}}} (~org-table-hline-and-move~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c RET + #+findex: org-table-hline-and-move + Insert a horizontal line below current row, and move point into the + row below that line. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ^)}}} (~org-table-sort-lines~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ^ + #+findex: org-table-sort-lines + Sort the table lines in the region. The position of point indicates + the column to be used for sorting, and the range of lines is the + range between the nearest horizontal separator lines, or the entire + table. If point is before the first column, you are prompted for + the sorting column. If there is an active region, the mark + specifies the first line and the sorting column, while point should + be in the last line to be included into the sorting. The command + prompts for the sorting type, alphabetically, numerically, or by + time. You can sort in normal or reverse order. You can also supply + your own key extraction and comparison functions. When called with + a prefix argument, alphabetic sorting is case-sensitive. + +*** Regions +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x M-w)}}} (~org-table-copy-region~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x M-w + #+findex: org-table-copy-region + Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard. + Point and mark determine edge fields of the rectangle. If there is + no active region, copy just the current field. The process ignores + horizontal separator lines. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-w)}}} (~org-table-cut-region~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-w + #+findex: org-table-cut-region + Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and + blank all fields in the rectangle. So this is the "cut" operation. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-y)}}} (~org-table-paste-rectangle~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-y + #+findex: org-table-paste-rectangle + Paste a rectangular region into a table. The upper left corner ends + up in the current field. All involved fields are overwritten. If + the rectangle does not fit into the present table, the table is + enlarged as needed. The process ignores horizontal separator lines. + +- {{{kbd(M-RET)}}} (~org-table-wrap-region~) :: + + #+kindex: M-RET + #+findex: org-table-wrap-region + Split the current field at point position and move the rest to the + line below. If there is an active region, and both point and mark + are in the same column, the text in the column is wrapped to minimum + width for the given number of lines. A numeric prefix argument may + be used to change the number of desired lines. If there is no + region, but you specify a prefix argument, the current field is made + blank, and the content is appended to the field above. + +*** Calculations +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: formula, in tables +#+cindex: calculations, in tables + +- {{{kbd(C-c +)}}} (~org-table-sum~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c + + #+findex: org-table-sum + Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined + by the active region. The result is shown in the echo area and can + be inserted with {{{kbd(C-y)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(S-RET)}}} (~org-table-copy-down~) :: + + #+kindex: S-RET + #+findex: org-table-copy-down + #+vindex: org-table-copy-increment + When current field is empty, copy from first non-empty field above. + When not empty, copy current field down to next row and move point + along with it. + + Depending on the variable ~org-table-copy-increment~, integer and + time stamp field values, and fields prefixed or suffixed with + a whole number, can be incremented during copy. Also, a ~0~ prefix + argument temporarily disables the increment. + + This key is also used by shift-selection and related modes (see + [[*Packages that conflict with Org mode]]). + +*** Miscellaneous +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c `)}}} (~org-table-edit-field~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ` + #+findex: org-table-edit-field + Edit the current field in a separate window. This is useful for + fields that are not fully visible (see [[*Column Width and Alignment]]). + When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, just make the full field + visible, so that it can be edited in place. When called with two + {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefixes, make the editor window follow point through + the table and always show the current field. The follow mode exits + automatically when point leaves the table, or when you repeat this + command with {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c `)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-import)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-table-import + Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB or whitespace + separated. Use, for example, to import a spreadsheet table or data + from a database, because these programs generally can write + TAB-separated text files. This command works by inserting the file + into the buffer and then converting the region to a table. Any + prefix argument is passed on to the converter, which uses it to + determine the separator. + +- {{{kbd(C-c |)}}} (~org-table-create-or-convert-from-region~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c | + #+findex: org-table-create-or-convert-from-region + Tables can also be imported by pasting tabular text into the Org + buffer, selecting the pasted text with {{{kbd(C-x C-x)}}} and then + using the {{{kbd(C-c |)}}} command (see [[*Creation and conversion]]). + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-export)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-table-export + #+vindex: org-table-export-default-format + Export the table, by default as a TAB-separated file. Use for data + exchange with, for example, spreadsheet or database programs. The + format used to export the file can be configured in the variable + ~org-table-export-default-format~. You may also use properties + =TABLE_EXPORT_FILE= and =TABLE_EXPORT_FORMAT= to specify the file + name and the format for table export in a subtree. Org supports + quite general formats for exported tables. The exporter format is + the same as the format used by Orgtbl radio tables, see [[*Translator + functions]], for a detailed description. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-header-line-mode)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-table-header-line-mode + #+vindex: org-table-header-line-p + Turn on the display of the first data row of the table at point in + the window header line when this first row is not visible anymore in + the buffer. You can activate this minor mode by default by setting + the option ~org-table-header-line-p~ to ~t~. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-transpose-table-at-point)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-table-transpose-table-at-point + Transpose the table at point and eliminate hlines. + +** Column Width and Alignment +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Overrule the automatic settings. +:END: +#+cindex: narrow columns in tables +#+cindex: alignment in tables + +The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor. +The alignment of a column is determined automatically from the +fraction of number-like versus non-number fields in the column. + +#+vindex: org-table-automatic-realign +Editing a field may modify alignment of the table. Moving +a contiguous row or column---i.e., using {{{kbd(TAB)}}} or +{{{kbd(RET)}}}---automatically re-aligns it. If you want to disable +this behavior, set ~org-table-automatic-realign~ to ~nil~. In any +case, you can always align manually a table: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} (~org-table-align~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+findex: org-table-align + Align the current table. + +#+vindex: org-startup-align-all-tables +Setting the option ~org-startup-align-all-tables~ re-aligns all tables +in a file upon visiting it. You can also set this option on +a per-file basis with: + +#+begin_example +,#+STARTUP: align +,#+STARTUP: noalign +#+end_example + +Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text, +leading to inconveniently wide columns. Maybe you want to hide away +several columns or display them with a fixed width, regardless of +content, as shown in the following example. + +#+begin_example +|---+---------------------+--------| |---+-------…+…| +| | <6> | | | | <6> …|…| +| 1 | one | some | ----\ | 1 | one …|…| +| 2 | two | boring | ----/ | 2 | two …|…| +| 3 | This is a long text | column | | 3 | This i…|…| +|---+---------------------+--------| |---+-------…+…| +#+end_example + +To set the width of a column, one field anywhere in the column may +contain just the string == where {{{var(N)}}} specifies the width +as a number of characters. You control displayed width of columns +with the following tools: + +- {{{kbd(C-c TAB)}}} (~org-table-toggle-column-width~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c TAB + #+findex: org-table-toggle-column-width + Shrink or expand current column. + + If a width cookie specifies a width W for the column, shrinking it + displays the first W visible characters only. Otherwise, the column + is shrunk to a single character. + + When called before the first column or after the last one, ask for + a list of column ranges to operate on. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c TAB)}}} (~org-table-shrink~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c TAB + #+findex: org-table-shrink + Shrink all columns with a column width. Expand the others. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c TAB)}}} (~org-table-expand~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c TAB + #+findex: org-table-expand + Expand all columns. + +To see the full text of a shrunk field, hold the mouse over it: +a tool-tip window then shows the full contents of the field. +Alternatively, {{{kbd(C-h .)}}} (~display-local-help~) reveals them, +too. For convenience, any change near the shrunk part of a column +expands it. + +#+vindex: org-startup-shrink-all-tables +Setting the option ~org-startup-shrink-all-tables~ shrinks all columns +containing a width cookie in a file the moment it is visited. You can +also set this option on a per-file basis with: + +: #+STARTUP: shrink + +If you would like to overrule the automatic alignment of number-rich +columns to the right and of string-rich columns to the left, you can +use ==, == or == in a similar fashion. You may also combine +alignment and field width like this: ==. + +Lines which only contain these formatting cookies are removed +automatically upon exporting the document. + +** Column Groups +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Grouping to trigger vertical lines. +:END: +#+cindex: grouping columns in tables + +When Org exports tables, it does so by default without vertical lines +because that is visually more satisfying in general. Occasionally +however, vertical lines can be useful to structure a table into groups +of columns, much like horizontal lines can do for groups of rows. In +order to specify column groups, you can use a special row where the +first field contains only =/=. The further fields can either contain +=<= to indicate that this column should start a group, =>= to indicate +the end of a column, or =<>= (no space between =<= and =>=) to make +a column a group of its own. Upon export, boundaries between column +groups are marked with vertical lines. Here is an example: + +#+begin_example +| N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) | +|---+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| +| / | < | | > | < | > | +| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +| 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 1.4142 | 1.1892 | +| 3 | 9 | 27 | 81 | 1.7321 | 1.3161 | +|---+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| +,#+TBLFM: $2=$1^2::$3=$1^3::$4=$1^4::$5=sqrt($1)::$6=sqrt(sqrt(($1))) +#+end_example + +It is also sufficient to just insert the column group starters after +every vertical line you would like to have: + +#+begin_example +| N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) | +|---+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| +| / | < | | | < | | +#+end_example + +** The Orgtbl Minor Mode +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The table editor as minor mode. +:ALT_TITLE: Orgtbl Mode +:END: +#+cindex: Orgtbl mode +#+cindex: minor mode for tables + +#+findex: orgtbl-mode +If you like the intuitive way the Org table editor works, you might +also want to use it in other modes like Text mode or Mail mode. The +minor mode Orgtbl mode makes this possible. You can always toggle the +mode with {{{kbd(M-x orgtbl-mode)}}}. To turn it on by default, for +example in Message mode, use + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(add-hook 'message-mode-hook #'turn-on-orgtbl) +#+end_src + +Furthermore, with some special setup, it is possible to maintain +tables in arbitrary syntax with Orgtbl mode. For example, it is +possible to construct LaTeX tables with the underlying ease and power +of Orgtbl mode, including spreadsheet capabilities. For details, see +[[*Tables in Arbitrary Syntax]]. + +** The Spreadsheet +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities. +:END: +#+cindex: calculations, in tables +#+cindex: spreadsheet capabilities +#+cindex: Calc package + +The table editor makes use of the Emacs Calc package to implement +spreadsheet-like capabilities. It can also evaluate Emacs Lisp forms +to derive fields from other fields. While fully featured, Org's +implementation is not identical to other spreadsheets. For example, +Org knows the concept of a /column formula/ that will be applied to +all non-header fields in a column without having to copy the formula +to each relevant field. There is also a formula debugger, and a +formula editor with features for highlighting fields in the table +corresponding to the references at point in the formula, moving these +references by arrow keys. + +*** References +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to refer to another field or range. +:END: +#+cindex: references + +To compute fields in the table from other fields, formulas must +reference other fields or ranges. In Org, fields can be referenced by +name, by absolute coordinates, and by relative coordinates. To find +out what the coordinates of a field are, press {{{kbd(C-c ?)}}} in +that field, or press {{{kbd(C-c })}}} to toggle the display of a grid. + +**** Field references +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: field references +#+cindex: references, to fields +Formulas can reference the value of another field in two ways. Like +in any other spreadsheet, you may reference fields with +a letter/number combination like =B3=, meaning the second field in the +third row. However, Org prefers to use another, more general +representation that looks like this:[fn:18] + +: @ROW$COLUMN + +Column specifications can be absolute like =$1=, =$2=, ..., =$N=, or +relative to the current column, i.e., the column of the field which is +being computed, like =$+1= or =$-2=. =$<= and =$>= are immutable +references to the first and last column, respectively, and you can use +=$>>>= to indicate the third column from the right. + +The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal +separator lines, or "hlines". Like with columns, you can use absolute +row numbers =@1=, =@2=, ..., =@N=, and row numbers relative to the +current row like =@+3= or =@-1=. =@<= and =@>= are immutable +references the first and last row in the table, respectively. You may +also specify the row relative to one of the hlines: =@I= refers to the +first hline, =@II= to the second, etc. =@-I= refers to the first such +line above the current line, =@+I= to the first such line below the +current line. You can also write =@III+2= which is the second data +line after the third hline in the table. + +=@0= and =$0= refer to the current row and column, respectively, i.e., +to the row/column for the field being computed. Also, if you omit +either the column or the row part of the reference, the current +row/column is implied. + +Org's references with /unsigned/ numbers are fixed references in the +sense that if you use the same reference in the formula for two +different fields, the same field is referenced each time. Org's +references with /signed/ numbers are floating references because the +same reference operator can reference different fields depending on +the field being calculated by the formula. + +Here are a few examples: + +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.8 +| =@2$3= | 2nd row, 3rd column (same as =C2=) | +| =$5= | column 5 in the current row (same as =E&=) | +| =@2= | current column, row 2 | +| =@-1$-3= | field one row up, three columns to the left | +| =@-I$2= | field just under hline above current row, column 2 | +| =@>$5= | field in the last row, in column 5 | + +**** Range references +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: range references +#+cindex: references, to ranges +You may reference a rectangular range of fields by specifying two +field references connected by two dots =..=. The ends are included in +the range. If both fields are in the current row, you may simply use +=$2..$7=, but if at least one field is in a different row, you need to +use the general =@ROW$COLUMN= format at least for the first field, +i.e., the reference must start with =@= in order to be interpreted +correctly. Examples: + +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.8 +| =$1..$3= | first three fields in the current row | +| =$P..$Q= | range, using column names (see [[*Advanced features]]) | +| =$<<<..$>>= | start in third column, continue to the last but one | +| =@2$1..@4$3= | nine fields between these two fields (same as =A2..C4=) | +| =@-1$-2..@-1= | 3 fields in the row above, starting from 2 columns on the left | +| =@I..II= | between first and second hline, short for =@I..@II= | + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Range references return a vector of values that can be fed into Calc +vector functions. Empty fields in ranges are normally suppressed, so +that the vector contains only the non-empty fields. For other options +with the mode switches =E=, =N= and examples, see [[*Formula syntax for +Calc]]. + +**** Field coordinates in formulas +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: field coordinates +#+cindex: coordinates, of field +#+cindex: row, of field coordinates +#+cindex: column, of field coordinates +#+vindex: org-table-current-column +#+vindex: org-table-current-dline +One of the very first actions during evaluation of Calc formulas and +Lisp formulas is to substitute =@#= and =$#= in the formula with the +row or column number of the field where the current result will go to. +The traditional Lisp formula equivalents are ~org-table-current-dline~ +and ~org-table-current-column~. Examples: + +- =if(@# % 2, $#, string(""))= :: + + Insert column number on odd rows, set field to empty on even rows. + +- =$2 = '(identity remote(FOO, @@#$1))= :: + + Copy text or values of each row of column 1 of the table named + {{{var(FOO)}}} into column 2 of the current table. + +- =@3 = 2 * remote(FOO, @1$$#)= :: + + Insert the doubled value of each column of row 1 of the table + named {{{var(FOO)}}} into row 3 of the current table. + +#+texinfo: @noindent +For the second and third examples, table {{{var(FOO)}}} must have at +least as many rows or columns as the current table. Note that this is +inefficient[fn:19] for large number of rows. + +**** Named references +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: named references +#+cindex: references, named +#+cindex: name, of column or field +#+cindex: constants, in calculations +#+cindex: @samp{CONSTANTS}, keyword +#+vindex: org-table-formula-constants + +=$name= is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or constant. +Constants are defined globally through the variable +~org-table-formula-constants~, and locally---for the file---through +a line like this example: + +: #+CONSTANTS: c=299792458. pi=3.14 eps=2.4e-6 + +#+vindex: constants-unit-system +#+pindex: constants.el +Also, properties (see [[*Properties and Columns]]) can be used as +constants in table formulas: for a property =Xyz= use the name +=$PROP_Xyz=, and the property will be searched in the current outline +entry and in the hierarchy above it. If you have the =constants.el= +package, it will also be used to resolve constants, including natural +constants like =$h= for Planck's constant, and units like =$km= for +kilometers[fn:20]. Column names and parameters can be specified in +special table lines. These are described below, see [[*Advanced +features]]. All names must start with a letter, and further consist +of letters and numbers. + +**** Remote references +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: remote references +#+cindex: references, remote +#+cindex: references, to a different table +#+cindex: name, of column or field +#+cindex: @samp{NAME}, keyword +You may also reference constants, fields and ranges from a different +table, either in the current file or even in a different file. The +syntax is + +: remote(NAME,REF) + +#+texinfo: @noindent +where {{{var(NAME)}}} can be the name of a table in the current file +as set by a =#+NAME:= line before the table. It can also be the ID of +an entry, even in a different file, and the reference then refers to +the first table in that entry. {{{var(REF)}}} is an absolute field or +range reference as described above for example =@3$3= or =$somename=, +valid in the referenced table. + +#+cindex: table indirection +When {{{var(NAME)}}} has the format =@ROW$COLUMN=, it is substituted +with the name or ID found in this field of the current table. For +example =remote($1, @@>$2)= \Rightarrow =remote(year_2013, @@>$1)=. The format +=B3= is not supported because it can not be distinguished from a plain +table name or ID. + +*** Formula syntax for Calc +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Using Calc to compute stuff. +:END: +#+cindex: formula syntax, Calc +#+cindex: syntax, of formulas + +A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs Calc +package. Note that Calc has the non-standard convention that =/= has +lower precedence than =*=, so that =a/b*c= is interpreted as +=(a/(b*c))=. Before evaluation by ~calc-eval~ (see [[info:calc#Calling Calc from Your Programs][Calling Calc from +Your Lisp Programs]]), variable substitution takes place according to +the rules described above. + +#+cindex: vectors, in table calculations +The range vectors can be directly fed into the Calc vector functions +like ~vmean~ and ~vsum~. + +#+cindex: format specifier, in spreadsheet +#+cindex: mode, for Calc +#+vindex: org-calc-default-modes +A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon. This +string consists of flags to influence Calc and other modes during +execution. By default, Org uses the standard Calc modes (precision +12, angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off). The +display format, however, has been changed to =(float 8)= to keep +tables compact. The default settings can be configured using the +variable ~org-calc-default-modes~. + +- =p20= :: + + Set the internal Calc calculation precision to 20 digits. + +- =n3=, =s3=, =e2=, =f4= :: + + Normal, scientific, engineering or fixed format of the result of + Calc passed back to Org. Calc formatting is unlimited in precision + as long as the Calc calculation precision is greater. + +- =D=, =R= :: + + Degree and radian angle modes of Calc. + +- =F=, =S= :: + + Fraction and symbolic modes of Calc. + +- =u= :: + + Units simplification mode of Calc. Calc is also a symbolic + calculator and is capable of working with values having a unit, + represented with numerals followed by a unit string in Org table + cells. This mode instructs Calc to simplify the units in the + computed expression before returning the result. + +- =T=, =t=, =U= :: + + Duration computations in Calc or Lisp, [[*Durations and time values]]. + +- =E= :: + + If and how to consider empty fields. Without =E= empty fields in + range references are suppressed so that the Calc vector or Lisp list + contains only the non-empty fields. With =E= the empty fields are + kept. For empty fields in ranges or empty field references the + value =nan= (not a number) is used in Calc formulas and the empty + string is used for Lisp formulas. Add =N= to use 0 instead for both + formula types. For the value of a field the mode =N= has higher + precedence than =E=. + +- =N= :: + + Interpret all fields as numbers, use 0 for non-numbers. See the + next section to see how this is essential for computations with Lisp + formulas. In Calc formulas it is used only occasionally because + there number strings are already interpreted as numbers without =N=. + +- =L= :: + + Literal, for Lisp formulas only. See the next section. + +Unless you use large integer numbers or high-precision calculation and +display for floating point numbers you may alternatively provide +a ~printf~ format specifier to reformat the Calc result after it has +been passed back to Org instead of letting Calc already do the +formatting[fn:21]. A few examples: + +| =$1+$2= | Sum of first and second field | +| =$1+$2;%.2f= | Same, format result to two decimals | +| =exp($2)+exp($1)= | Math functions can be used | +| =$0;%.1f= | Reformat current cell to 1 decimal | +| =($3-32)*5/9= | Degrees F \to C conversion | +| =$c/$1/$cm= | Hz \to cm conversion, using =constants.el= | +| =tan($1);Dp3s1= | Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1 | +| =sin($1);Dp3%.1e= | Same, but use ~printf~ specifier for display | +| =vmean($2..$7)= | Compute column range mean, using vector function | +| =vmean($2..$7);EN= | Same, but treat empty fields as 0 | +| =taylor($3,x=7,2)= | Taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree | + +Calc also contains a complete set of logical operations (see [[info:calc#Logical Operations][Logical +Operations]]). For example + +- =if($1 < 20, teen, string(""))= :: + + ="teen"= if age =$1= is less than 20, else the Org table result + field is set to empty with the empty string. + +- =if("$1" =​= "nan" || "$2" =​= "nan", string(""), $1 + $2); E f-1= :: + + Sum of the first two columns. When at least one of the input fields + is empty the Org table result field is set to empty. =E= is + required to not convert empty fields to 0. =f-1= is an optional + Calc format string similar to =%.1f= but leaves empty results empty. + +- =if(typeof(vmean($1..$7)) =​= 12, string(""), vmean($1..$7); E= :: + + Mean value of a range unless there is any empty field. Every field + in the range that is empty is replaced by =nan= which lets =vmean= + result in =nan=. Then =typeof == 12= detects the =nan= from ~vmean~ + and the Org table result field is set to empty. Use this when the + sample set is expected to never have missing values. + +- =if("$1..$7" =​= "[]", string(""), vmean($1..$7))= :: + + Mean value of a range with empty fields skipped. Every field in the + range that is empty is skipped. When all fields in the range are + empty the mean value is not defined and the Org table result field + is set to empty. Use this when the sample set can have a variable + size. + +- =vmean($1..$7); EN= :: + + To complete the example before: Mean value of a range with empty + fields counting as samples with value 0. Use this only when + incomplete sample sets should be padded with 0 to the full size. + +You can add your own Calc functions defined in Emacs Lisp with +~defmath~ and use them in formula syntax for Calc. + +*** Emacs Lisp forms as formulas +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp. +:ALT_TITLE: Formula syntax for Lisp +:END: +#+cindex: Lisp forms, as table formulas + +It is also possible to write a formula in Emacs Lisp. This can be +useful for string manipulation and control structures, if Calc's +functionality is not enough. + +A formula is evaluated as a Lisp form when it starts with a +single-quote followed by an opening parenthesis. Cell table +references are interpolated into the Lisp form before execution. The +evaluation should return either a string or a number. Evaluation +modes and a ~printf~ format used to render the returned values can be +specified after a semicolon. + +By default, references are interpolated as literal Lisp strings: the +field content is replaced in the Lisp form stripped of leading and +trailing white space and surrounded in double-quotes. For example: + +: '(concat $1 $2) + +#+texinfo: @noindent +concatenates the content of columns 1 and column 2. + +When the =N= flag is used, all referenced elements are parsed as +numbers and interpolated as Lisp numbers, without quotes. Fields that +cannot be parsed as numbers are interpolated as zeros. For example: + +: '(+ $1 $2);N + +#+texinfo: @noindent +adds columns 1 and 2, equivalent to Calc's =$1+$2=. Ranges are +inserted as space-separated fields, so they can be embedded in list or +vector syntax. For example: + +: '(apply '+ '($1..$4));N + +#+texinfo: @noindent +computes the sum of columns 1 to 4, like Calc's =vsum($1..$4)=. + +When the =L= flag is used, all fields are interpolated literally: the +cell content is replaced in the Lisp form stripped of leading and +trailing white space and without quotes. If a reference is intended +to be interpreted as a string by the Lisp form, the reference operator +itself should be enclosed in double-quotes, like ="$3"=. The =L= flag +is useful when strings and numbers are used in the same Lisp form. For +example: + +: '(substring "$1" $2 $3);L + +#+texinfo: @noindent +extracts the part of the string in column 1 between the character +positions specified in the integers in column 2 and 3 and it is easier +to read than the equivalent: + +: '(substring $1 (string-to-number $2) (string-to-number $3)) + +*** Durations and time values +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to compute durations and time values. +:END: +#+cindex: duration, computing +#+cindex: time, computing +#+vindex: org-table-duration-custom-format + +If you want to compute time values use the =T=, =t=, or =U= flag, +either in Calc formulas or Elisp formulas: + +#+begin_example +| Task 1 | Task 2 | Total | +|---------+----------+----------| +| 2:12 | 1:47 | 03:59:00 | +| 2:12 | 1:47 | 03:59 | +| 3:02:20 | -2:07:00 | 0.92 | +,#+TBLFM: @2$3=$1+$2;T::@3$3=$1+$2;U::@4$3=$1+$2;t +#+end_example + +Input duration values must be of the form =HH:MM[:SS]=, where seconds +are optional. With the =T= flag, computed durations are displayed as +=HH:MM:SS= (see the first formula above). With the =U= flag, seconds +are omitted so that the result is only =HH:MM= (see second formula +above). Zero-padding of the hours field depends upon the value of the +variable ~org-table-duration-hour-zero-padding~. + +With the =t= flag, computed durations are displayed according to the +value of the option ~org-table-duration-custom-format~, which defaults +to ~hours~ and displays the result as a fraction of hours (see the +third formula in the example above). + +Negative duration values can be manipulated as well, and integers are +considered as seconds in addition and subtraction. + +*** Field and range formulas +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Formula for specific (ranges of) fields. +:END: +#+cindex: field formula +#+cindex: range formula +#+cindex: formula, for individual table field +#+cindex: formula, for range of fields + +To assign a formula to a particular field, type it directly into the +field, preceded by =:==, for example =vsum(@II..III)=. When you press +{{{kbd(TAB)}}} or {{{kbd(RET)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with point +still in the field, the formula is stored as the formula for this +field, evaluated, and the current field is replaced with the result. + +#+cindex: @samp{TBLFM}, keyword +Formulas are stored in a special =TBLFM= keyword located directly +below the table. If you type the equation in the fourth field of the +third data line in the table, the formula looks like =@3$4=$1+$2=. +When inserting/deleting/swapping column and rows with the appropriate +commands, /absolute references/ (but not relative ones) in stored +formulas are modified in order to still reference the same field. To +avoid this from happening, in particular in range references, anchor +ranges at the table borders (using =@<=, =@>=, =$<=, =$>=), or at +hlines using the =@I= notation. Automatic adaptation of field +references does not happen if you edit the table structure with normal +editing commands---you must fix the formulas yourself. + +Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the +following command + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c =)}}} (~org-table-eval-formula~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c = + #+findex: org-table-eval-formula + Install a new formula for the current field. The command prompts + for a formula with default taken from the =TBLFM= keyword, + applies it to the current field, and stores it. + +The left-hand side of a formula can also be a special expression in +order to assign the formula to a number of different fields. There is +no keyboard shortcut to enter such range formulas. To add them, use +the formula editor (see [[*Editing and debugging formulas]]) or edit +the =TBLFM= keyword directly. + +- =$2== :: + + Column formula, valid for the entire column. This is so common that + Org treats these formulas in a special way, see [[*Column formulas]]. + +- =@3== :: + + Row formula, applies to all fields in the specified row. =@>== + means the last row. + +- =@1$2..@4$3== :: + + Range formula, applies to all fields in the given rectangular range. + This can also be used to assign a formula to some but not all fields + in a row. + +- =$NAME== :: + + Named field, see [[*Advanced features]]. + +*** Column formulas +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Formulas valid for an entire column. +:END: +#+cindex: column formula +#+cindex: formula, for table column + +When you assign a formula to a simple column reference like =$3==, the +same formula is used in all fields of that column, with the following +very convenient exceptions: (i) If the table contains horizontal +separator hlines with rows above and below, everything before the +first such hline is considered part of the table /header/ and is not +modified by column formulas. Therefore a header is mandatory when you +use column formulas and want to add hlines to group rows, like for +example to separate a total row at the bottom from the summand rows +above. (ii) Fields that already get a value from a field/range +formula are left alone by column formulas. These conditions make +column formulas very easy to use. + +To assign a formula to a column, type it directly into any field in +the column, preceded by an equal sign, like ==$1+$2=. When you press +{{{kbd(TAB)}}} or {{{kbd(RET)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with point +still in the field, the formula is stored as the formula for the +current column, evaluated and the current field replaced with the +result. If the field contains only ===, the previously stored formula +for this column is used. For each column, Org only remembers the most +recently used formula. In the =TBLFM= keyword, column formulas look +like =$4=$1+$2=. The left-hand side of a column formula can not be +the name of column, it must be the numeric column reference or =$>=. + +Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the +following command: + +- {{{kbd(C-c =)}}} (~org-table-eval-formula~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c = + #+findex: org-table-eval-formula + Install a new formula for the current column and replace current + field with the result of the formula. The command prompts for + a formula, with default taken from the =TBLFM= keyword, applies it + to the current field and stores it. With a numeric prefix argument, + e.g., {{{kbd(C-5 C-c =)}}}, the command applies it to that many + consecutive fields in the current column. + +*** Lookup functions +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Lookup functions for searching tables. +:END: +#+cindex: lookup functions in tables +#+cindex: table lookup functions + +Org has three predefined Emacs Lisp functions for lookups in tables. + +- =(org-lookup-first VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)= :: + + #+findex: org-lookup-first + Searches for the first element {{{var(S)}}} in list + {{{var(S-LIST)}}} for which + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (PREDICATE VAL S) + #+end_src + is non-~nil~; returns the value from the corresponding position in + list {{{var(R-LIST)}}}. The default {{{var(PREDICATE)}}} is + ~equal~. Note that the parameters {{{var(VAL)}}} and {{{var(S)}}} + are passed to {{{var(PREDICATE)}}} in the same order as the + corresponding parameters are in the call to ~org-lookup-first~, + where {{{var(VAL)}}} precedes {{{var(S-LIST)}}}. If + {{{var(R-LIST)}}} is ~nil~, the matching element {{{var(S)}}} of + {{{var(S-LIST)}}} is returned. + +- =(org-lookup-last VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)= :: + + #+findex: org-lookup-last + Similar to ~org-lookup-first~ above, but searches for the /last/ + element for which {{{var(PREDICATE)}}} is non-~nil~. + +- =(org-lookup-all VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)= :: + + #+findex: org-lookup-all + Similar to ~org-lookup-first~, but searches for /all/ elements for + which {{{var(PREDICATE)}}} is non-~nil~, and returns /all/ + corresponding values. This function can not be used by itself in + a formula, because it returns a list of values. However, powerful + lookups can be built when this function is combined with other Emacs + Lisp functions. + +If the ranges used in these functions contain empty fields, the =E= +mode for the formula should usually be specified: otherwise empty +fields are not included in {{{var(S-LIST)}}} and/or {{{var(R-LIST)}}} +which can, for example, result in an incorrect mapping from an element +of {{{var(S-LIST)}}} to the corresponding element of +{{{var(R-LIST)}}}. + +These three functions can be used to implement associative arrays, +count matching cells, rank results, group data, etc. For practical +examples see [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-lookups.html][this tutorial on Worg]]. + +*** Editing and debugging formulas +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Fixing formulas. +:END: +#+cindex: formula editing +#+cindex: editing, of table formulas + +#+vindex: org-table-use-standard-references +You can edit individual formulas in the minibuffer or directly in the +field. Org can also prepare a special buffer with all active formulas +of a table. When offering a formula for editing, Org converts +references to the standard format (like =B3= or =D&=) if possible. If +you prefer to only work with the internal format (like =@3$2= or +=$4=), configure the variable ~org-table-use-standard-references~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c =)}}} or {{{kbd(C-u C-c =)}}} (~org-table-eval-formula~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c = + #+kindex: C-u C-c = + #+findex: org-table-eval-formula + Edit the formula associated with the current column/field in the + minibuffer. See [[*Column formulas]], and [[*Field and range formulas]]. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c =)}}} (~org-table-eval-formula~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c = + #+findex: org-table-eval-formula + Re-insert the active formula (either a field formula, or a column + formula) into the current field, so that you can edit it directly in + the field. The advantage over editing in the minibuffer is that you + can use the command {{{kbd(C-c ?)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ?)}}} (~org-table-field-info~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ? + #+findex: org-table-field-info + While editing a formula in a table field, highlight the field(s) + referenced by the reference at point position in the formula. + +- {{{kbd(C-c })}}} (~org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c @} + #+findex: org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays + Toggle the display of row and column numbers for a table, using + overlays. These are updated each time the table is aligned; you can + force it with {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(C-c {)}}} (~org-table-toggle-formula-debugger~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c @{ + #+findex: org-table-toggle-formula-debugger + Toggle the formula debugger on and off. See below. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} (~org-table-edit-formulas~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ' + #+findex: org-table-edit-formulas + Edit all formulas for the current table in a special buffer, where + the formulas are displayed one per line. If the current field has + an active formula, point in the formula editor marks it. While + inside the special buffer, Org automatically highlights any field or + range reference at point position. You may edit, remove and add + formulas, and use the following commands: + + - {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} or {{{kbd(C-x C-s)}}} (~org-table-fedit-finish~) :: + + #+kindex: C-x C-s + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+findex: org-table-fedit-finish + Exit the formula editor and store the modified formulas. With + {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, also apply the new formulas to the + entire table. + + - {{{kbd(C-c C-q)}}} (~org-table-fedit-abort~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-q + #+findex: org-table-fedit-abort + Exit the formula editor without installing changes. + + - {{{kbd(C-c C-r)}}} (~org-table-fedit-toggle-ref-type~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-r + #+findex: org-table-fedit-toggle-ref-type + Toggle all references in the formula editor between standard (like + =B3=) and internal (like =@3$2=). + + - {{{kbd(TAB)}}} (~org-table-fedit-lisp-indent~) :: + + #+kindex: TAB + #+findex: org-table-fedit-lisp-indent + Pretty-print or indent Lisp formula at point. When in a line + containing a Lisp formula, format the formula according to Emacs + Lisp rules. Another {{{kbd(TAB)}}} collapses the formula back + again. In the open formula, {{{kbd(TAB)}}} re-indents just like + in Emacs Lisp mode. + + - {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} (~lisp-complete-symbol~) :: + + #+kindex: M-TAB + #+findex: lisp-complete-symbol + Complete Lisp symbols, just like in Emacs Lisp mode. + + - {{{kbd(S-UP)}}}, {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}}, {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} :: + + #+kindex: S-UP + #+kindex: S-DOWN + #+kindex: S-LEFT + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+findex: org-table-fedit-ref-up + #+findex: org-table-fedit-ref-down + #+findex: org-table-fedit-ref-left + #+findex: org-table-fedit-ref-right + Shift the reference at point. For example, if the reference is + =B3= and you press {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}}, it becomes =C3=. This also + works for relative references and for hline references. + + - {{{kbd(M-S-UP)}}} (~org-table-fedit-line-up~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-UP + #+findex: org-table-fedit-line-up + Move the test line for column formulas up in the Org buffer. + + - {{{kbd(M-S-DOWN)}}} (~org-table-fedit-line-down~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-DOWN + #+findex: org-table-fedit-line-down + Move the test line for column formulas down in the Org buffer. + + - {{{kbd(M-UP)}}} (~org-table-fedit-scroll-up~) :: + + #+kindex: M-UP + #+findex: org-table-fedit-scroll-up + Scroll up the window displaying the table. + + - {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} (~org-table-fedit-scroll-down~) :: + + #+kindex: M-DOWN + #+findex: org-table-fedit-scroll-down + Scroll down the window displaying the table. + + - {{{kbd(C-c })}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c @} + #+findex: org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays + Turn the coordinate grid in the table on and off. + +Making a table field blank does not remove the formula associated with +the field, because that is stored in a different line---the =TBLFM= +keyword line. During the next recalculation, the field will be filled +again. To remove a formula from a field, you have to give an empty +reply when prompted for the formula, or to edit the =TBLFM= keyword. + +#+kindex: C-c C-c +You may edit the =TBLFM= keyword directly and re-apply the changed +equations with {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} in that line or with the normal +recalculation commands in the table. + +**** Using multiple =TBLFM= lines +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: multiple formula lines +#+cindex: @samp{TBLFM} keywords, multiple +#+cindex: @samp{TBLFM}, switching + +#+kindex: C-c C-c +You may apply the formula temporarily. This is useful when you want +to switch the formula applied to the table. Place multiple =TBLFM= +keywords right after the table, and then press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} on +the formula to apply. Here is an example: + +#+begin_example +| x | y | +|---+---| +| 1 | | +| 2 | | +,#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1 +,#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2 +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} in the line of =#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2= yields: + +#+begin_example +| x | y | +|---+---| +| 1 | 2 | +| 2 | 4 | +,#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1 +,#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2 +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +If you recalculate this table, with {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}}, for example, +you get the following result from applying only the first =TBLFM= +keyword. + +#+begin_example +| x | y | +|---+---| +| 1 | 1 | +| 2 | 2 | +,#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1 +,#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2 +#+end_example + +**** Debugging formulas +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: formula debugging +#+cindex: debugging, of table formulas + +When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content +becomes the string =#ERROR=. If you would like to see what is going +on during variable substitution and calculation in order to find +a bug, turn on formula debugging in the Tbl menu and repeat the +calculation, for example by pressing {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c = RET)}}} in +a field. Detailed information are displayed. + +*** Updating the table +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Recomputing all dependent fields. +:END: +#+cindex: recomputing table fields +#+cindex: updating, table + +Recalculation of a table is normally not automatic, but needs to be +triggered by a command. To make recalculation at least +semi-automatic, see [[*Advanced features]]. + +In order to recalculate a line of a table or the entire table, use the +following commands: + +- {{{kbd(C-c *)}}} (~org-table-recalculate~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c * + #+findex: org-table-recalculate + Recalculate the current row by first applying the stored column + formulas from left to right, and all field/range formulas in the + current row. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}} or {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-c)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c * + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-c + Recompute the entire table, line by line. Any lines before the + first hline are left alone, assuming that these are part of the + table header. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c *)}}} or {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-c)}}} (~org-table-iterate~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c * + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c C-c + #+findex: org-table-iterate + Iterate the table by recomputing it until no further changes occur. + This may be necessary if some computed fields use the value of other + fields that are computed /later/ in the calculation sequence. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-recalculate-buffer-tables)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-table-recalculate-buffer-tables + Recompute all tables in the current buffer. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-iterate-buffer-tables)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-table-iterate-buffer-tables + Iterate all tables in the current buffer, in order to converge + table-to-table dependencies. + +*** Advanced features +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Field and column names, automatic recalculation... +:END: + +If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically, or if +you want to be able to assign /names/[fn:22] to fields and columns, +you need to reserve the first column of the table for special marking +characters. + +- {{{kbd(C-#)}}} (~org-table-rotate-recalc-marks~) :: + + #+kindex: C-# + #+findex: org-table-rotate-recalc-marks + Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states =#=, + =*=, =!=, =$=. When there is an active region, change all marks in + the region. + +Here is an example of a table that collects exam results of students +and makes use of these features: + +#+begin_example +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note | +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +| ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | | +| # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 | +| ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | | +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +| # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 | +| # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 | +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +| | Average | | | | 25.0 | | +| ^ | | | | | at | | +| $ | max=50 | | | | | | +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +,#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(@-II..@-I);%.1f +#+end_example + +#+attr_texinfo: :tag Important +#+begin_quote +Please note that for these special tables, recalculating the table +with {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}} only affects rows that are marked =#= or +=*=, and fields that have a formula assigned to the field itself. The +column formulas are not applied in rows with empty first field. +#+end_quote + +#+cindex: marking characters, tables +The marking characters have the following meaning: + +- =!= :: + + The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that you + may refer to a column as =$Tot= instead of =$6=. + +- =^= :: + + This row defines names for the fields /above/ the row. With such + a definition, any formula in the table may use =$m1= to refer to the + value =10=. Also, if you assign a formula to a names field, it is + stored as =$name = ...=. + +- =_= :: + + Similar to =^=, but defines names for the fields in the row /below/. + +- =$= :: + + Fields in this row can define /parameters/ for formulas. For + example, if a field in a =$= row contains =max=50=, then formulas in + this table can refer to the value 50 using =$max=. Parameters work + exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on a per-table + basis. + +- =#= :: + + Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing + {{{kbd(TAB)}}} or {{{kbd(RET)}}} or {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} in this row. + Also, this row is selected for a global recalculation with + {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}}. Unmarked lines are left alone by this + command. + +- =*= :: + + Selects this line for global recalculation with {{{kbd(C-u C-c + *)}}}, but not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic + recalculation slows down editing too much. + +- =/= :: + + Do not export this line. Useful for lines that contain the + narrowing == markers or column group markers. + +Finally, just to whet your appetite for what can be done with the +fantastic Calc package, here is a table that computes the Taylor +series of degree n at location x for a couple of functions. + +#+begin_example +|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| +| | Func | n | x | Result | +|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| +| # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x | +| # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 | +| # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 | +| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 | +| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 | +| * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 | +|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| +,#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3 +#+end_example + +** Org Plot +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Plotting from Org tables. +:END: +#+cindex: graph, in tables +#+cindex: plot tables using Gnuplot + +Org Plot can produce graphs of information stored in Org tables, +either graphically or in ASCII art. + +*** Graphical plots using Gnuplot +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{PLOT}, keyword +Org Plot can produce 2D and 3D graphs of information stored in Org +tables using [[https://www.gnuplot.info/][Gnuplot]] and [[http://cars9.uchicago.edu/~ravel/software/gnuplot-mode.html][Gnuplot mode]]. To see this in action, ensure +that you have both Gnuplot and Gnuplot mode installed on your system, +then call {{{kbd(C-c \quot g)}}} or {{{kbd(M-x org-plot/gnuplot)}}} on the +following table. + +#+begin_example +,#+PLOT: title:"Citas" ind:1 deps:(3) type:2d with:histograms set:"yrange [0:]" +| Sede | Max cites | H-index | +|-----------+-----------+---------| +| Chile | 257.72 | 21.39 | +| Leeds | 165.77 | 19.68 | +| Sao Paolo | 71.00 | 11.50 | +| Stockholm | 134.19 | 14.33 | +| Morelia | 257.56 | 17.67 | +#+end_example + +Org Plot supports a range of plot types, and provides the ability to add more. +For example, a radar plot can be generated like so: +#+begin_example +,#+PLOT: title:"An evaluation of plaintext document formats" transpose:yes type:radar min:0 max:4 +| Format | Fine-grained-control | Initial Effort | Syntax simplicity | Editor Support | Integrations | Ease-of-referencing | Versatility | +|-------------------+----------------------+----------------+-------------------+----------------+--------------+---------------------+-------------| +| Word | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | +| LaTeX | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | +| Org Mode | 4 | 2 | 3.5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | +| Markdown | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | +| Markdown + Pandoc | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | +#+end_example + +Notice that Org Plot is smart enough to apply the table's headers as +labels. Further control over the labels, type, content, and +appearance of plots can be exercised through the =PLOT= keyword +preceding a table. See below for a complete list of Org Plot options. +For more information and examples see the [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-plot.html][Org Plot tutorial]]. + +**** Plot options +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- =set= :: + + Specify any Gnuplot option to be set when graphing. + +- =title= :: + + Specify the title of the plot. + +- =ind= :: + + Specify which column of the table to use as the =x= axis. + +- =deps= :: + + Specify the columns to graph as a Lisp style list, surrounded by + parentheses and separated by spaces for example =dep:(3 4)= to graph + the third and fourth columns. Defaults to graphing all other + columns aside from the =ind= column. + +- transpose :: + + When =y=, =yes=, or =t= attempt to transpose the table data before + plotting. Also recognises the shorthand option =trans=. + +- =type= :: + + Specify the type of the plot, by default one of =2d=, =3d=, =radar=, or =grid=. + Available types can be customised with ~org-plot/preset-plot-types~. + +- =with= :: + + Specify a =with= option to be inserted for every column being + plotted, e.g., =lines=, =points=, =boxes=, =impulses=. Defaults to + =lines=. + +- =file= :: + + If you want to plot to a file, specify + ="path/to/desired/output-file"=. + +- =labels= :: + + List of labels to be used for the =deps=. Defaults to the column + headers if they exist. + +- =line= :: + + Specify an entire line to be inserted in the Gnuplot script. + +- =map= :: + + When plotting =3d= or =grid= types, set this to =t= to graph a flat + mapping rather than a =3d= slope. + +- min :: + + Provides a minimum axis value that may be used by a plot type. + Implicitly assumes the =y= axis is being referred to. Can + explicitly provide a value for a either the =x= or =y= axis with + =xmin= and =ymin=. + +- max :: + + Provides a maximum axis value that may be used by a plot type. + Implicitly assumes the =y= axis is being referred to. Can + explicitly provide a value for a either the =x= or =y= axis with + =xmax= and =ymax=. + +- ticks :: + + Provides a desired number of axis ticks to display, that may be used + by a plot type. If none is given a plot type that requires ticks + will use ~org--plot/sensible-tick-num~ to try to determine a good + value. + +- =timefmt= :: + + Specify format of Org mode timestamps as they will be parsed by + Gnuplot. Defaults to =%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S=. + +- =script= :: + + If you want total control, you can specify a script file---place the + file name between double-quotes---which will be used to plot. + Before plotting, every instance of =$datafile= in the specified + script will be replaced with the path to the generated data file. + Note: even if you set this option, you may still want to specify the + plot type, as that can impact the content of the data file. + +*** ASCII bar plots +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +While point is on a column, typing {{{kbd(C-c " a)}}} or {{{kbd(M-x +orgtbl-ascii-plot)}}} create a new column containing an ASCII-art bars +plot. The plot is implemented through a regular column formula. When +the source column changes, the bar plot may be updated by refreshing +the table, for example typing {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}}. + +#+begin_example +| Sede | Max cites | | +|---------------+-----------+--------------| +| Chile | 257.72 | WWWWWWWWWWWW | +| Leeds | 165.77 | WWWWWWWh | +| Sao Paolo | 71.00 | WWW; | +| Stockholm | 134.19 | WWWWWW: | +| Morelia | 257.56 | WWWWWWWWWWWH | +| Rochefourchat | 0.00 | | +,#+TBLFM: $3='(orgtbl-ascii-draw $2 0.0 257.72 12) +#+end_example + +The formula is an Elisp call. + +#+attr_texinfo: :options orgtbl-ascii-draw value min max &optional width +#+begin_defun +Draw an ASCII bar in a table. + +{{{var(VALUE)}}} is the value to plot. + +{{{var(MIN)}}} is the value displayed as an empty bar. {{{var(MAX)}}} +is the value filling all the {{{var(WIDTH)}}}. Sources values outside +this range are displayed as =too small= or =too large=. + +{{{var(WIDTH)}}} is the number of characters of the bar plot. It +defaults to =12=. +#+end_defun + +* Hyperlinks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Notes in context. +:END: +#+cindex: hyperlinks + +Like HTML, Org provides support for links inside a file, external +links to other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more. + +** Link Format +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How links in Org are formatted. +:END: +#+cindex: link format +#+cindex: format, of links + +#+cindex: angle bracket links +#+cindex: plain links +Org recognizes plain URIs, possibly wrapped within angle +brackets[fn:23], and activate them as clickable links. + +#+cindex: bracket links +The general link format, however, looks like this: + +: [[LINK][DESCRIPTION]] + +#+texinfo: @noindent +or alternatively + +: [[LINK]] + +#+cindex: escape syntax, for links +#+cindex: backslashes, in links +Some =\=, =[= and =]= characters in the {{{var(LINK)}}} part need to +be "escaped", i.e., preceded by another =\= character. More +specifically, the following characters, and only them, must be +escaped: + +1. all =[= and =]= characters, +2. every =\= character preceding either =]= or =[=, +3. every =\= character at the end of the link. + +#+findex: org-link-escape +Functions inserting links (see [[*Handling Links]]) properly escape +ambiguous characters. You only need to bother about the rules above +when inserting directly, or yanking, a URI within square brackets. +When in doubt, you may use the function ~org-link-escape~, which turns +a link string into its escaped form. + +Once a link in the buffer is complete, with all brackets present, Org +changes the display so that =DESCRIPTION= is displayed instead of +=[[LINK][DESCRIPTION]]= and =LINK= is displayed instead of =[[LINK]]=. +Links are highlighted in the ~org-link~ face, which, by default, is an +underlined face. + +You can directly edit the visible part of a link. This can be either +the {{{var(LINK)}}} part, if there is no description, or the +{{{var(DESCRIPTION)}}} part otherwise. To also edit the invisible +{{{var(LINK)}}} part, use {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} with point on the link +(see [[*Handling Links]]). + +If you place point at the beginning or just behind the end of the +displayed text and press {{{kbd(BS)}}}, you remove +the---invisible---bracket at that location[fn:24]. This makes the link +incomplete and the internals are again displayed as plain text. +Inserting the missing bracket hides the link internals again. To show +the internal structure of all links, use the menu: Org \rarr Hyperlinks \rarr +Literal links. + +** Internal Links +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Links to other places in the current file. +:END: +#+cindex: internal links +#+cindex: links, internal + +A link that does not look like a URL---i.e., does not start with +a known scheme or a file name---refers to the current document. You +can follow it with {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} when point is on the link, or +with a mouse click (see [[*Handling Links]]). + +#+cindex: @samp{CUSTOM_ID}, property +Org provides several refinements to internal navigation within +a document. Most notably, a construct like =[[#my-custom-id]]= +specifically targets the entry with the =CUSTOM_ID= property set to +=my-custom-id=. Also, an internal link looking like =[[*Some +section]]= points to a headline with the name =Some section=[fn:25]. + +#+cindex: targets, for links +When the link does not belong to any of the cases above, Org looks for +a /dedicated target/: the same string in double angular brackets, like +=<>=. + +#+cindex: @samp{NAME}, keyword +If no dedicated target exists, the link tries to match the exact name +of an element within the buffer. Naming is done, unsurprisingly, with +the =NAME= keyword, which has to be put in the line before the element +it refers to, as in the following example + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: My Target +| a | table | +|----+------------| +| of | four cells | +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline +Ultimately, if none of the above succeeds, Org searches for a headline +that is exactly the link text but may also include a TODO keyword and +tags, or initiates a plain text search, according to the value of +~org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline~. + +Note that you must make sure custom IDs, dedicated targets, and names +are unique throughout the document. Org provides a linter to assist +you in the process, if needed. See [[*Org Syntax]]. + +During export, internal links are used to mark objects and assign them +a number. Marked objects are then referenced by links pointing to +them. In particular, links without a description appear as the number +assigned to the marked object[fn:26]. In the following excerpt from +an Org buffer + +#+begin_example +1. one item +2. <>another item +Here we refer to item [[target]]. +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The last sentence will appear as =Here we refer to item 2= when +exported. + +In non-Org files, the search looks for the words in the link text. In +the above example the search would be for =target=. + +Following a link pushes a mark onto Org's own mark ring. You can +return to the previous position with {{{kbd(C-c &)}}}. Using this +command several times in direct succession goes back to positions +recorded earlier. + +** Radio Targets +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Make targets trigger links in plain text. +:END: +#+cindex: radio targets +#+cindex: targets, radio +#+cindex: links, radio targets + +Org can automatically turn any occurrences of certain target names in +normal text into a link. So without explicitly creating a link, the +text connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are +enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target =<<>>= causes each occurrence of =my target= in normal text to +become activated as a link. The Org file is scanned automatically for +radio targets only when the file is first loaded into Emacs. To +update the target list during editing, press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with +point on or at a target. + +** External Links +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: URL-like links to the world. +:END: +#+cindex: links, external +#+cindex: external links +#+cindex: attachment links +#+cindex: BBDB links +#+cindex: Elisp links +#+cindex: file links +#+cindex: Gnus links +#+cindex: Help links +#+cindex: IRC links +#+cindex: Info links +#+cindex: MH-E links +#+cindex: Rmail links +#+cindex: shell links +#+cindex: URL links +#+cindex: Usenet links + +Org supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages, BBDB +database entries and links to both IRC conversations and their logs. +External links are URL-like locators. They start with a short +identifying string followed by a colon. There can be no space after +the colon. + +Here is the full set of built-in link types: + +- =file= :: + + File links. File name may be remote, absolute, or relative. + + Additionally, you can specify a line number, or a text search. + In Org files, you may link to a headline name, a custom ID, or a + code reference instead. + + As a special case, "file" prefix may be omitted if the file name + is complete, e.g., it starts with =./=, or =/=. + +- =attachment= :: + + Same as file links but for files and folders attached to the current + node (see [[*Attachments]]). Attachment links are intended to behave + exactly as file links but for files relative to the attachment + directory. + +- =bbdb= :: + + Link to a BBDB record, with possible regexp completion. + +- =docview= :: + + Link to a document opened with DocView mode. You may specify a page + number. + +- =doi= :: + + Link to an electronic resource, through its handle. + +- =elisp= :: + + Execute an Elisp command upon activation. + +- =gnus=, =rmail=, =mhe= :: + + Link to messages or folders from a given Emacs' MUA. + +- =help= :: + + Display documentation of a symbol in =*Help*= buffer. + +- =http=, =https= :: + + Web links. + +- =id= :: + + Link to a specific headline by its ID property, in an Org file. + +- =info= :: + + Link to an Info manual, or to a specific node. + +- =irc= :: + + Link to an IRC channel. + +- =mailto= :: + + Link to message composition. + +- =news= :: + + Usenet links. + +- =shell= :: + + Execute a shell command upon activation. + +The following table illustrates the link types above, along with their +options: + +| Link Type | Example | +|------------+----------------------------------------------------------| +| http | =http://staff.science.uva.nl/c.dominik/= | +| https | =https://orgmode.org/= | +| doi | =doi:10.1000/182= | +| file | =file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg= | +| | =/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg= (same as above) | +| | =file:papers/last.pdf= | +| | =./papers/last.pdf= (same as above) | +| | =file:/ssh:me@some.where:papers/last.pdf= (remote) | +| | =/ssh:me@some.where:papers/last.pdf= (same as above) | +| | =file:sometextfile::NNN= (jump to line number) | +| | =file:projects.org= | +| | =file:projects.org::some words= (text search)[fn:27] | +| | =file:projects.org::*task title= (headline search) | +| | =file:projects.org::#custom-id= (headline search) | +| attachment | =attachment:projects.org= | +| | =attachment:projects.org::some words= (text search) | +| docview | =docview:papers/last.pdf::NNN= | +| id | =id:B7423F4D-2E8A-471B-8810-C40F074717E9= | +| news | =news:comp.emacs= | +| mailto | =mailto:adent@galaxy.net= | +| mhe | =mhe:folder= (folder link) | +| | =mhe:folder#id= (message link) | +| rmail | =rmail:folder= (folder link) | +| | =rmail:folder#id= (message link) | +| gnus | =gnus:group= (group link) | +| | =gnus:group#id= (article link) | +| bbdb | =bbdb:R.*Stallman= (record with regexp) | +| irc | =irc:/irc.com/#emacs/bob= | +| help | =help:org-store-link= | +| info | =info:org#External links= | +| shell | =shell:ls *.org= | +| elisp | =elisp:(find-file "Elisp.org")= (Elisp form to evaluate) | +| | =elisp:org-agenda= (interactive Elisp command) | + +#+cindex: VM links +#+cindex: Wanderlust links +On top of these built-in link types, additional ones are available +through the =org-contrib= repository (see [[*Installation]]). For +example, these links to VM or Wanderlust messages are available when +you load the corresponding libraries from the =org-contrib= +repository: + +| =vm:folder= | VM folder link | +| =vm:folder#id= | VM message link | +| =vm://myself@some.where.org/folder#id= | VM on remote machine | +| =vm-imap:account:folder= | VM IMAP folder link | +| =vm-imap:account:folder#id= | VM IMAP message link | +| =wl:folder= | Wanderlust folder link | +| =wl:folder#id= | Wanderlust message link | + +For information on customizing Org to add new link types, see [[*Adding +Hyperlink Types]]. + +A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain +descriptive text to be displayed instead of the URL (see [[*Link +Format]]), for example: + +: [[https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]] + +If the description is a file name or URL that points to an image, HTML +export (see [[*HTML Export]]) inlines the image as a clickable button. If +there is no description at all and the link points to an image, that +image is inlined into the exported HTML file. + +#+cindex: square brackets, around links +#+cindex: angular brackets, around links +#+cindex: plain text external links +Org also recognizes external links amid normal text and activates them +as links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in +=bbdb:R.*Stallman=), or if you need to remove ambiguities about the +end of the link, enclose the link in square or angular brackets. + +** Handling Links +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Creating, inserting and following. +:END: +#+cindex: links, handling + +Org provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to insert +it into an Org file, and to follow the link. + +#+findex: org-store-link +#+cindex: storing links +The main function is ~org-store-link~, called with {{{kbd(M-x +org-store-link)}}}. Because of its importance, we suggest to bind it +to a widely available key (see [[*Activation]]). It stores a link to the +current location. The link is stored for later insertion into an Org +buffer---see below. The kind of link that is created depends on the +current buffer: + +- /Org mode buffers/ :: + + For Org files, if there is a =<>= at point, the link points + to the target. Otherwise it points to the current headline, which + is also the description[fn:28]. + + #+vindex: org-id-link-to-org-use-id + #+cindex: @samp{CUSTOM_ID}, property + #+cindex: @samp{ID}, property + If the headline has a =CUSTOM_ID= property, store a link to this + custom ID. In addition or alternatively, depending on the value of + ~org-id-link-to-org-use-id~, create and/or use a globally unique + =ID= property for the link[fn:29]. So using this command in Org + buffers potentially creates two links: a human-readable link from + the custom ID, and one that is globally unique and works even if the + entry is moved from file to file. The =ID= property can be either a + UUID (default) or a timestamp, depending on ~org-id-method~. Later, + when inserting the link, you need to decide which one to use. + +- /Email/News clients: VM, Rmail, Wanderlust, MH-E, Gnus/ :: + + #+vindex: org-link-email-description-format + Pretty much all Emacs mail clients are supported. The link points + to the current article, or, in some Gnus buffers, to the group. The + description is constructed according to the variable + ~org-link-email-description-format~. By default, it refers to the + addressee and the subject. + +- /Web browsers: W3, W3M and EWW/ :: + + Here the link is the current URL, with the page title as the + description. + +- /Contacts: BBDB/ :: + + Links created in a BBDB buffer point to the current entry. + +- /Chat: IRC/ :: + + #+vindex: org-irc-links-to-logs + For IRC links, if the variable ~org-irc-link-to-logs~ is non-~nil~, + create a =file= style link to the relevant point in the logs for the + current conversation. Otherwise store an =irc= style link to the + user/channel/server under the point. + +- /Other files/ :: + + For any other file, the link points to the file, with a search + string (see [[*Search Options in File Links]]) pointing to the contents + of the current line. If there is an active region, the selected + words form the basis of the search string. You can write custom Lisp + functions to select the search string and perform the search for + particular file types (see [[*Custom Searches]]). + + You can also define dedicated links to other files. See [[*Adding + Hyperlink Types]]. + +- /Agenda view/ :: + + When point is in an agenda view, the created link points to the + entry referenced by the current line. + +From an Org buffer, the following commands create, navigate or, more +generally, act on links. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} (~org-insert-link~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-l + #+findex: org-insert-link + #+cindex: link completion + #+cindex: completion, of links + #+cindex: inserting links + #+vindex: org-link-keep-stored-after-insertion + Insert a link[fn:30]. This prompts for a link to be inserted into + the buffer. You can just type a link, using text for an internal + link, or one of the link type prefixes mentioned in the examples + above. The link is inserted into the buffer, along with + a descriptive text[fn:31]. If some text was selected at this time, + it becomes the default description. + + - /Inserting stored links/ :: + + All links stored during the current session are part of the + history for this prompt, so you can access them with {{{kbd(UP)}}} + and {{{kbd(DOWN)}}} (or {{{kbd(M-p)}}}, {{{kbd(M-n)}}}). + + - /Completion support/ :: + + Completion with {{{kbd(TAB)}}} helps you to insert valid link + prefixes like =http= or =ftp=, including the prefixes defined + through link abbreviations (see [[*Link Abbreviations]]). If you + press {{{kbd(RET)}}} after inserting only the prefix, Org offers + specific completion support for some link types[fn:32]. For + example, if you type {{{kbd(f i l e RET)}}}---alternative access: + {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-l)}}}, see below---Org offers file name + completion, and after {{{kbd(b b d b RET)}}} you can complete + contact names. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-l)}}} :: + + #+cindex: file name completion + #+cindex: completion, of file names + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-l + When {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} is called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix + argument, insert a link to a file. You may use file name completion + to select the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted + relative to the directory of the current Org file, if the linked + file is in the current directory or in a sub-directory of it, or if + the path is written relative to the current directory using =../=. + Otherwise an absolute path is used, if possible with =~/= for your + home directory. You can force an absolute path with two + {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefixes. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} (with point on existing link) :: + + #+cindex: following links + When point is on an existing link, {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} allows you to + edit the link and description parts of the link. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} (~org-open-at-point~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-o + #+findex: org-open-at-point + #+vindex: org-file-apps + Open link at point. This launches a web browser for URL (using + ~browse-url-at-point~), run VM/MH-E/Wanderlust/Rmail/Gnus/BBDB for + the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link. + When point is on an internal link, this command runs the + corresponding search. When point is on the tags part of a headline, + it creates the corresponding tags view (see [[*Matching tags and + properties]]). If point is on a timestamp, it compiles the agenda for + that date. Furthermore, it visits text and remote files in =file= + links with Emacs and select a suitable application for local + non-text files. Classification of files is based on file extension + only. See option ~org-file-apps~. If you want to override the + default application and visit the file with Emacs, use + a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix. If you want to avoid opening in Emacs, use + a {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} prefix. + + #+vindex: org-link-frame-setup + If point is on a headline, but not on a link, offer all links in the + headline and entry text. If you want to setup the frame + configuration for following links, customize ~org-link-frame-setup~. + +- {{{kbd(RET)}}} :: + + #+vindex: org-return-follows-link + #+kindex: RET + When ~org-return-follows-link~ is set, {{{kbd(RET)}}} also follows + the link at point. + +- {{{kbd(mouse-2)}}} or {{{kbd(mouse-1)}}} :: + + #+kindex: mouse-2 + #+kindex: mouse-1 + On links, {{{kbd(mouse-1)}}} and {{{kbd(mouse-2)}}} opens the link + just as {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} does. + +- {{{kbd(mouse-3)}}} :: + + #+vindex: org-link-use-indirect-buffer-for-internals + #+kindex: mouse-3 + Like {{{kbd(mouse-2)}}}, but force file links to be opened with + Emacs, and internal links to be displayed in another window[fn:33]. + +- {{{kbd(C-c %)}}} (~org-mark-ring-push~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c % + #+findex: org-mark-ring-push + #+cindex: mark ring + Push the current position onto the Org mark ring, to be able to + return easily. Commands following an internal link do this + automatically. + +- {{{kbd(C-c &)}}} (~org-mark-ring-goto~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c & + #+findex: org-mark-ring-goto + #+cindex: links, returning to + Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the + commands following internal links, and by {{{kbd(C-c %)}}}. Using + this command several times in direct succession moves through a ring + of previously recorded positions. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-n)}}} (~org-next-link~), {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-p)}}} (~org-previous-link~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-p + #+findex: org-previous-link + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-n + #+findex: org-next-link + #+cindex: links, finding next/previous + Move forward/backward to the next link in the buffer. At the limit + of the buffer, the search fails once, and then wraps around. The + key bindings for this are really too long; you might want to bind + this also to {{{kbd(M-n)}}} and {{{kbd(M-p)}}}. + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (with-eval-after-load 'org + (define-key org-mode-map (kbd "M-n") #'org-next-link) + (define-key org-mode-map (kbd "M-p") #'org-previous-link)) + #+end_src + +** Using Links Outside Org +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Linking from my C source code? +:END: + +#+findex: org-insert-link-global +#+findex: org-open-at-point-global +You can insert and follow links that have Org syntax not only in Org, +but in any Emacs buffer. For this, Org provides two functions: +~org-insert-link-global~ and ~org-open-at-point-global~. + +You might want to bind them to globally available keys. See +[[*Activation]] for some advice. + +** Link Abbreviations +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Shortcuts for writing complex links. +:END: +#+cindex: link abbreviations +#+cindex: abbreviation, links + +Long URL can be cumbersome to type, and often many similar links are +needed in a document. For this you can use link abbreviations. An +abbreviated link looks like this + +: [[linkword:tag][description]] + +#+texinfo: @noindent +#+vindex: org-link-abbrev-alist +where the tag is optional. The /linkword/ must be a word, starting +with a letter, followed by letters, numbers, =-=, and =_=. +Abbreviations are resolved according to the information in the +variable ~org-link-abbrev-alist~ that relates the linkwords to +replacement text. Here is an example: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-link-abbrev-alist + '(("bugzilla" . "http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=") + ("Nu Html Checker" . "https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=%h") + ("duckduckgo" . "https://duckduckgo.com/?q=%s") + ("omap" . "http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=%s&polygon=1") + ("ads" . "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=%20author%3A\"%s\""))) +#+end_src + +If the replacement text contains the string =%s=, it is replaced with +the tag. Using =%h= instead of =%s= percent-encodes the tag (see the +example above, where we need to encode the URL parameter). Using +=%(my-function)= passes the tag to a custom Lisp function, and replace +it by the resulting string. + +If the replacement text do not contain any specifier, it is simply +appended to the string in order to create the link. + +Instead of a string, you may also specify a Lisp function to create +the link. Such a function will be called with the tag as the only +argument. + +With the above setting, you could link to a specific bug with +=[[bugzilla:129]]=, search the web for =OrgMode= with =[[duckduckgo:OrgMode]]=, +show the map location of the Free Software Foundation =[[gmap:51 +Franklin Street, Boston]]= or of Carsten office =[[omap:Science Park 904, +Amsterdam, The Netherlands]]= and find out what the Org author is doing +besides Emacs hacking with =[[ads:Dominik,C]]=. + +If you need special abbreviations just for a single Org buffer, you +can define them in the file with + +#+cindex: @samp{LINK}, keyword +#+begin_example +,#+LINK: bugzilla http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id= +,#+LINK: duckduckgo https://duckduckgo.com/?q=%s +#+end_example + +In-buffer completion (see [[*Completion]]) can be used after =[= to +complete link abbreviations. You may also define a Lisp function that +implements special (e.g., completion) support for inserting such a +link with {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}. Such a function should not accept any +arguments, and should return the full link with a prefix. You can set +the link completion function like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(org-link-set-parameter "type" :complete #'some-completion-function) +#+end_src + +** Search Options in File Links +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Linking to a specific location. +:ALT_TITLE: Search Options +:END: +#+cindex: search option in file links +#+cindex: file links, searching +#+cindex: attachment links, searching + +File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a +particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a +line number or a search option after a double colon[fn:34]. For +example, when the command ~org-store-link~ creates a link (see +[[*Handling Links]]) to a file, it encodes the words in the current line +as a search string that can be used to find this line back later when +following the link with {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}}. + +Note that all search options apply for Attachment links in the same +way that they apply for File links. + +Here is the syntax of the different ways to attach a search to a file +link, together with explanations for each: + +#+begin_example +[[file:~/code/main.c::255]] +[[file:~/xx.org::My Target]] +[[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]] +[[file:~/xx.org::#my-custom-id]] +[[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]] +[[attachment:main.c::255]] +#+end_example + +- =255= :: + + Jump to line 255. + +- =My Target= :: + + Search for a link target =<>=, or do a text search for + =my target=, similar to the search in internal links, see [[*Internal + Links]]. In HTML export (see [[*HTML Export]]), such a file link becomes + a HTML reference to the corresponding named anchor in the linked + file. + +- =*My Target= :: + + In an Org file, restrict search to headlines. + +- =#my-custom-id= :: + + Link to a heading with a =CUSTOM_ID= property + +- =/REGEXP/= :: + + Do a regular expression search for {{{var(REGEXP)}}} (see [[*Regular + Expressions]]). This uses the Emacs command ~occur~ to list all + matches in a separate window. If the target file is in Org mode, + ~org-occur~ is used to create a sparse tree with the matches. + +As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used +to search the current file. For example, =[[file:::find me]]= does +a search for =find me= in the current file, just as =[[find me]]= +would. + +** Custom Searches +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: When the default search is not enough. +:END: +#+cindex: custom search strings +#+cindex: search strings, custom + +The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the +actual search related to a file link may not work correctly in all +cases. For example, BibTeX database files have many entries like +~year="1993"~ which would not result in good search strings, because +the only unique identification for a BibTeX entry is the citation key. + +#+vindex: org-create-file-search-functions +#+vindex: org-execute-file-search-functions +If you come across such a problem, you can write custom functions to +set the right search string for a particular file type, and to do the +search for the string in the file. Using ~add-hook~, these functions +need to be added to the hook variables +~org-create-file-search-functions~ and +~org-execute-file-search-functions~. See the docstring for these +variables for more information. Org actually uses this mechanism for +BibTeX database files, and you can use the corresponding code as an +implementation example. See the file =ol-bibtex.el=. + +* TODO Items +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Every tree branch can be a TODO item. +:END: +#+cindex: TODO items + +Org mode does not maintain TODO lists as separate documents[fn:35]. +Instead, TODO items are an integral part of the notes file, because +TODO items usually come up while taking notes! With Org mode, simply +mark any entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, +information is not duplicated, and the entire context from which the +TODO item emerged is always present. + +Of course, this technique for managing TODO items scatters them +throughout your notes file. Org mode compensates for this by +providing methods to give you an overview of all the things that you +have to do. + +** Basic TODO Functionality +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Marking and displaying TODO entries. +:ALT_TITLE: TODO Basics +:END: + +Any headline becomes a TODO item when it starts with the word =TODO=, +for example: + +: *** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune + +The most important commands to work with TODO entries are: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} (~org-todo~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-t + #+cindex: cycling, of TODO states + Rotate the TODO state of the current item among + + #+begin_example + ,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --. + '--------------------------------' + #+end_example + + If TODO keywords have fast access keys (see [[*Fast access to TODO + states]]), prompt for a TODO keyword through the fast selection + interface; this is the default behavior when + ~org-use-fast-todo-selection~ is non-~nil~. + + The same state changing can also be done "remotely" from the agenda + buffer with the {{{kbd(t)}}} command key (see [[*Commands in the + Agenda Buffer]]). + +- {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} :: + + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+kindex: S-LEFT + #+vindex: org-treat-S-cursor-todo-selection-as-state-change + Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling. + Useful mostly if more than two TODO states are possible (see + [[*Extended Use of TODO Keywords]]). See also [[*Packages that conflict + with Org mode]], for a discussion of the interaction with + shift-selection. See also the variable + ~org-treat-S-cursor-todo-selection-as-state-change~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c / t)}}} (~org-show-todo-tree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c / t + #+cindex: sparse tree, for TODO + #+vindex: org-todo-keywords + #+findex: org-show-todo-tree + View TODO items in a /sparse tree/ (see [[*Sparse Trees]]). Folds the + entire buffer, but shows all TODO items---with not-DONE state---and + the headings hierarchy above them. With a prefix argument, or by + using {{{kbd(C-c / T)}}}, search for a specific TODO. You are + prompted for the keyword, and you can also give a list of keywords + like =KWD1|KWD2|...= to list entries that match any one of these + keywords. With a numeric prefix argument N, show the tree for the + Nth keyword in the variable ~org-todo-keywords~. With two prefix + arguments, find all TODO states, both un-done and done. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda t)}}} (~org-todo-list~) :: + + #+kindex: t @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + Show the global TODO list. Collects the TODO items (with not-DONE + states) from all agenda files (see [[*Agenda Views]]) into a single + buffer. The new buffer is in Org Agenda mode, which provides + commands to examine and manipulate the TODO entries from the new + buffer (see [[*Commands in the Agenda Buffer]]). See [[*The global TODO + list]], for more information. + +- {{{kbd(S-M-RET)}}} (~org-insert-todo-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: S-M-RET + #+findex: org-insert-todo-heading + Insert a new TODO entry below the current one. + +#+vindex: org-todo-state-tags-triggers +Changing a TODO state can also trigger tag changes. See the docstring +of the option ~org-todo-state-tags-triggers~ for details. + +** Extended Use of TODO Keywords +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Workflow and assignments. +:ALT_TITLE: TODO Extensions +:END: +#+cindex: extended TODO keywords + +#+vindex: org-todo-keywords +By default, marked TODO entries have one of only two states: TODO and +DONE. Org mode allows you to classify TODO items in more complex ways +with /TODO keywords/ (stored in ~org-todo-keywords~). With special +setup, the TODO keyword system can work differently in different +files. + +Note that /tags/ are another way to classify headlines in general and +TODO items in particular (see [[*Tags]]). + +*** TODO keywords as workflow states +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: From TODO to DONE in steps. +:ALT_TITLE: Workflow states +:END: +#+cindex: TODO workflow +#+cindex: workflow states as TODO keywords + +You can use TODO keywords to indicate different, possibly /sequential/ +states in the process of working on an item, for example[fn:36]: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "|" "DONE" "DELEGATED"))) +#+end_src + +The vertical bar separates the TODO keywords (states that /need +action/) from the DONE states (which need /no further action/). If +you do not provide the separator bar, the last state is used as the +DONE state. + +#+cindex: completion, of TODO keywords +With this setup, the command {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} cycles an entry from +=TODO= to =FEEDBACK=, then to =VERIFY=, and finally to =DONE= and +=DELEGATED=. You may also use a numeric prefix argument to quickly +select a specific state. For example {{{kbd(C-3 C-c C-t)}}} changes +the state immediately to =VERIFY=. Or you can use {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} +and {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} to go forward and backward through the states. +If you define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see +[[*Completion]]) or a special one-key selection scheme (see [[*Fast +access to TODO states]]) to insert these words into the buffer. +Changing a TODO state can be logged with a timestamp, see [[*Tracking +TODO state changes]], for more information. + +*** TODO keywords as types +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: I do this, Fred does the rest. +:ALT_TITLE: TODO types +:END: +#+cindex: TODO types +#+cindex: names as TODO keywords +#+cindex: types as TODO keywords + +The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different +/types/ of action items. For example, you might want to indicate that +items are for "work" or "home". Or, when you work with several people +on a single project, you might want to assign action items directly to +persons, by using their names as TODO keywords. This type of +functionality is actually much better served by using tags (see +[[*Tags]]), so the TODO implementation is kept just for backward +compatibility. + +Using TODO types, it would be set up like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords '((type "Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "|" "DONE"))) +#+end_src + +In this case, different keywords do not indicate states, but +rather different types. So the normal work flow would be to assign +a task to a person, and later to mark it DONE. Org mode supports this +style by adapting the workings of the command {{{kbd(C-c +C-t)}}}[fn:37]. When used several times in succession, it still +cycles through all names, in order to first select the right type for +a task. But when you return to the item after some time and execute +{{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} again, it will switch from any name directly to +=DONE=. Use prefix arguments or completion to quickly select +a specific name. You can also review the items of a specific TODO +type in a sparse tree by using a numeric prefix to {{{kbd(C-c / t)}}}. +For example, to see all things Lucy has to do, you would use +{{{kbd(C-3 C-c / t)}}}. To collect Lucy's items from all agenda files +into a single buffer, you would use the numeric prefix argument as +well when creating the global TODO list: {{{kbd(C-3 M-x org-agenda +t)}}}. + +*** Multiple keyword sets in one file +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Mixing it all, still finding your way. +:ALT_TITLE: Multiple sets in one file +:END: +#+cindex: TODO keyword sets + +Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in +parallel. For example, you may want to have the basic TODO/DONE, but +also a workflow for bug fixing, and a separate state indicating that +an item has been canceled---so it is not DONE, but also does not +require action. Your setup would then look like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO" "|" "DONE") + (sequence "REPORT" "BUG" "KNOWNCAUSE" "|" "FIXED") + (sequence "|" "CANCELED"))) +#+end_src + +The keywords should all be different, this helps Org mode keep track +of which subsequence should be used for a given entry. In this setup, +{{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} only operates within a sub-sequence, so it switches +from =DONE= to (nothing) to =TODO=, and from =FIXED= to (nothing) to +=REPORT=. Therefore you need a mechanism to initially select the +correct sequence. In addition to typing a keyword or using completion +(see [[*Completion]]), you may also apply the following commands: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-t)}}}, {{{kbd(C-S-RIGHT)}}}, {{{kbd(C-S-LEFT)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-S-RIGHT + #+kindex: C-S-LEFT + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c C-t + These keys jump from one TODO sub-sequence to the next. In the + above example, {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-t)}}} or {{{kbd(C-S-RIGHT)}}} + would jump from =TODO= or =DONE= to =REPORT=, and any of the words + in the second row to =CANCELED=. Note that the {{{kbd(C-S-)}}} key + binding conflict with shift-selection (see [[*Packages that conflict + with Org mode]]). + +- {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}}, {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} :: + + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+kindex: S-LEFT + {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} and {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} walk through /all/ keywords + from all sub-sequences, so for example {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} would + switch from =DONE= to =REPORT= in the example above. For + a discussion of the interaction with shift-selection, see [[*Packages + that conflict with Org mode]]. + +*** Fast access to TODO states +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Single letter selection of state. +:END: + +If you would like to quickly change an entry to an arbitrary TODO +state instead of cycling through the states, you can set up keys for +single-letter access to the states. This is done by adding the +selection character after each keyword, in parentheses[fn:38]. For +example: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(d)") + (sequence "REPORT(r)" "BUG(b)" "KNOWNCAUSE(k)" "|" "FIXED(f)") + (sequence "|" "CANCELED(c)"))) +#+end_src + +#+vindex: org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo +If you then press {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} followed by the selection key, +the entry is switched to this state. {{{kbd(SPC)}}} can be used to +remove any TODO keyword from an entry[fn:39]. + +*** Setting up keywords for individual files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Different files, different requirements. +:ALT_TITLE: Per-file keywords +:END: +#+cindex: keyword options +#+cindex: per-file keywords +#+cindex: @samp{TODO}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{TYP_TODO}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{SEQ_TODO}, keyword + +It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism +in different files. For file-local settings, you need to add special +lines to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that +file only. For example, to set one of the two examples discussed +above, you need one of the following lines, starting in column zero +anywhere in the file: + +: #+TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY | DONE CANCELED + +You may also write =#+SEQ_TODO= to be explicit about the +interpretation, but it means the same as =#+TODO=, or + +: #+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike | DONE + +A setup for using several sets in parallel would be: + +#+begin_example +,#+TODO: TODO(t) | DONE(d) +,#+TODO: REPORT(r) BUG(b) KNOWNCAUSE(k) | FIXED(f) +,#+TODO: | CANCELED(c) +#+end_example + +#+cindex: completion, of option keywords +#+kindex: M-TAB +To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type =#+= into the +buffer and then use {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} to complete it (see [[*Completion]]). + +#+cindex: DONE, final TODO keyword +Remember that the keywords after the vertical bar---or the last +keyword if no bar is there---must always mean that the item is DONE, +although you may use a different word. After changing one of these +lines, use {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with point still in the line to make the +changes known to Org mode[fn:40]. + +*** Faces for TODO keywords +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Highlighting states. +:END: +#+cindex: faces, for TODO keywords + +#+vindex: org-todo, face +#+vindex: org-done, face +#+vindex: org-todo-keyword-faces +Org mode highlights TODO keywords with special faces: ~org-todo~ for +keywords indicating that an item still has to be acted upon, and +~org-done~ for keywords indicating that an item is finished. If you +are using more than two different states, you might want to use +special faces for some of them. This can be done using the variable +~org-todo-keyword-faces~. For example: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keyword-faces + '(("TODO" . org-warning) ("STARTED" . "yellow") + ("CANCELED" . (:foreground "blue" :weight bold)))) +#+end_src + +#+vindex: org-faces-easy-properties +While using a list with face properties as shown for =CANCELED= +/should/ work, this does not always seem to be the case. If +necessary, define a special face and use that. A string is +interpreted as a color. The variable ~org-faces-easy-properties~ +determines if that color is interpreted as a foreground or +a background color. + +*** TODO dependencies +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: When one task needs to wait for others. +:END: +#+cindex: TODO dependencies +#+cindex: dependencies, of TODO states + +#+vindex: org-enforce-todo-dependencies +#+cindex: @samp{ORDERED}, property +The structure of Org files---hierarchy and lists---makes it easy to +define TODO dependencies. Usually, a parent TODO task should not be +marked as done until all TODO subtasks, or children tasks, are marked +as done. Sometimes there is a logical sequence to (sub)tasks, so that +one subtask cannot be acted upon before all siblings above it have +been marked as done. If you customize the variable +~org-enforce-todo-dependencies~, Org blocks entries from changing +state to DONE while they have TODO children that are not DONE. +Furthermore, if an entry has a property =ORDERED=, each of its TODO +children is blocked until all earlier siblings are marked as done. +Here is an example: + +#+begin_example +,* TODO Blocked until (two) is done +,** DONE one +,** TODO two + +,* Parent +:PROPERTIES: +:ORDERED: t +:END: +,** TODO a +,** TODO b, needs to wait for (a) +,** TODO c, needs to wait for (a) and (b) +#+end_example + +#+cindex: TODO dependencies, @samp{NOBLOCKING} +#+cindex: @samp{NOBLOCKING}, property +You can ensure an entry is never blocked by using the =NOBLOCKING= +property (see [[*Properties and Columns]]): + +#+begin_example +,* This entry is never blocked +:PROPERTIES: +:NOBLOCKING: t +:END: +#+end_example + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x o)}}} (~org-toggle-ordered-property~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x o + #+findex: org-toggle-ordered-property + #+vindex: org-track-ordered-property-with-tag + Toggle the =ORDERED= property of the current entry. A property is + used for this behavior because this should be local to the current + entry, not inherited from entries above like a tag (see [[*Tags]]). + However, if you would like to /track/ the value of this property + with a tag for better visibility, customize the variable + ~org-track-ordered-property-with-tag~. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u C-c C-t)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-u C-u C-c C-t + Change TODO state, regardless of any state blocking. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks +If you set the variable ~org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks~, TODO entries +that cannot be marked as done because of unmarked children are shown +in a dimmed font or even made invisible in agenda views (see [[*Agenda +Views]]). + +#+cindex: checkboxes and TODO dependencies +#+vindex: org-enforce-todo-dependencies +You can also block changes of TODO states by using checkboxes (see +[[*Checkboxes]]). If you set the variable +~org-enforce-todo-checkbox-dependencies~, an entry that has unchecked +checkboxes is blocked from switching to DONE. + +If you need more complex dependency structures, for example +dependencies between entries in different trees or files, check out +the module =org-depend.el= in the =org-contrib= repository. + +** Progress Logging +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Dates and notes for progress. +:END: +#+cindex: progress logging +#+cindex: logging, of progress + +To record a timestamp and a note when changing a TODO state, call the +command ~org-todo~ with a prefix argument. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-t)}}} (~org-todo~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-t + Prompt for a note and record a the time of the TODO state change. + The note is inserted as a list item below the headline, but can also + be placed into a drawer, see [[*Tracking TODO state changes]]. + +If you want to be more systematic, Org mode can automatically record a +timestamp and optionally a note when you mark a TODO item as DONE, or +even each time you change the state of a TODO item. This system is +highly configurable, settings can be on a per-keyword basis and can be +localized to a file or even a subtree. For information on how to +clock working time for a task, see [[*Clocking Work Time]]. + +*** Closing items +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: When was this entry marked as done? +:END: + +The most basic automatic logging is to keep track of /when/ a certain +TODO item was marked as done. This can be achieved with[fn:41] + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-log-done 'time) +#+end_src + +#+vindex: org-closed-keep-when-no-todo +#+texinfo: @noindent +Then each time you turn an entry from a TODO (not-done) state into any +of the DONE states, a line =CLOSED: [timestamp]= is inserted just +after the headline. If you turn the entry back into a TODO item +through further state cycling, that line is removed again. If you +turn the entry back to a non-TODO state (by pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-t +SPC)}}} for example), that line is also removed, unless you set +~org-closed-keep-when-no-todo~ to non-~nil~. If you want to record +a note along with the timestamp, use[fn:42] + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-log-done 'note) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +You are then prompted for a note, and that note is stored below the +entry with a =Closing Note= heading. + +*** Tracking TODO state changes +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: When did the status change? +:END: +#+cindex: drawer, for state change recording + +#+vindex: org-log-states-order-reversed +#+vindex: org-log-into-drawer +#+cindex: @samp{LOG_INTO_DRAWER}, property +You might want to automatically keep track of when a state change +occurred and maybe take a note about this change. You can either +record just a timestamp, or a time-stamped note. These records are +inserted after the headline as an itemized list, newest first[fn:43]. +When taking a lot of notes, you might want to get the notes out of the +way into a drawer (see [[*Drawers]]). Customize the variable +~org-log-into-drawer~ to get this behavior---the recommended drawer +for this is called =LOGBOOK=[fn:44]. You can also overrule the +setting of this variable for a subtree by setting a =LOG_INTO_DRAWER= +property. + +Since it is normally too much to record a note for every state, Org +mode expects configuration on a per-keyword basis for this. This is +achieved by adding special markers =!= (for a timestamp) or =@= (for +a note with timestamp) in parentheses after each keyword. For +example, with the setting + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO(t)" "WAIT(w@/!)" "|" "DONE(d!)" "CANCELED(c@)"))) +#+end_src + +#+vindex: org-log-done +You not only define global TODO keywords and fast access keys, but +also request that a time is recorded when the entry is set to =DONE=, +and that a note is recorded when switching to =WAIT= or +=CANCELED=[fn:45]. The setting for =WAIT= is even more special: the +=!= after the slash means that in addition to the note taken when +entering the state, a timestamp should be recorded when /leaving/ the +=WAIT= state, if and only if the /target/ state does not configure +logging for entering it. So it has no effect when switching from +=WAIT= to =DONE=, because =DONE= is configured to record a timestamp +only. But when switching from =WAIT= back to =TODO=, the =/!= in the +=WAIT= setting now triggers a timestamp even though =TODO= has no +logging configured. + +You can use the exact same syntax for setting logging preferences local +to a buffer: + +: #+TODO: TODO(t) WAIT(w@/!) | DONE(d!) CANCELED(c@) + +To record a timestamp without a note for TODO keywords configured with +=@=, just type {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} to enter a blank note when prompted. + +#+cindex: @samp{LOGGING}, property +In order to define logging settings that are local to a subtree or +a single item, define a =LOGGING= property in this entry. Any +non-empty =LOGGING= property resets all logging settings to ~nil~. +You may then turn on logging for this specific tree using =STARTUP= +keywords like =lognotedone= or =logrepeat=, as well as adding state +specific settings like =TODO(!)=. For example: + +#+begin_example +,* TODO Log each state with only a time + :PROPERTIES: + :LOGGING: TODO(!) WAIT(!) DONE(!) CANCELED(!) + :END: +,* TODO Only log when switching to WAIT, and when repeating + :PROPERTIES: + :LOGGING: WAIT(@) logrepeat + :END: +,* TODO No logging at all + :PROPERTIES: + :LOGGING: nil + :END: +#+end_example + +*** Tracking your habits +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How consistent have you been? +:END: +#+cindex: habits +#+cindex: @samp{STYLE}, property + +Org has the ability to track the consistency of a special category of +TODO, called "habits." To use habits, you have to enable the ~habits~ +module by customizing the variable ~org-modules~. + +A habit has the following properties: + +1. The habit is a TODO item, with a TODO keyword representing an open + state. + +2. The property =STYLE= is set to the value =habit= (see [[*Properties + and Columns]]). + +3. The TODO has a scheduled date, usually with a =.+= style repeat + interval. A =++= style may be appropriate for habits with time + constraints, e.g., must be done on weekends, or a =+= style for an + unusual habit that can have a backlog, e.g., weekly reports. + +4. The TODO may also have minimum and maximum ranges specified by + using the syntax =.+2d/3d=, which says that you want to do the task + at least every three days, but at most every two days. + +5. State logging for the DONE state is enabled (see [[*Tracking TODO + state changes]]), in order for historical data to be represented in + the consistency graph. If it is not enabled it is not an error, + but the consistency graphs are largely meaningless. + +To give you an idea of what the above rules look like in action, here's an +actual habit with some history: + +#+begin_example +,** TODO Shave + SCHEDULED: <2009-10-17 Sat .+2d/4d> + :PROPERTIES: + :STYLE: habit + :LAST_REPEAT: [2009-10-19 Mon 00:36] + :END: + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-15 Thu] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-12 Mon] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-10 Sat] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-04 Sun] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-02 Fri] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-29 Tue] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-25 Fri] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-19 Sat] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-16 Wed] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-12 Sat] +#+end_example + +What this habit says is: I want to shave at most every 2 days---given +by the =SCHEDULED= date and repeat interval---and at least every +4 days. If today is the 15th, then the habit first appears in the +agenda (see [[*Agenda Views]]) on Oct 17, after the minimum of 2 days has +elapsed, and will appear overdue on Oct 19, after four days have +elapsed. + +What's really useful about habits is that they are displayed along +with a consistency graph, to show how consistent you've been at +getting that task done in the past. This graph shows every day that +the task was done over the past three weeks, with colors for each day. +The colors used are: + +- Blue :: If the task was not to be done yet on that day. +- Green :: If the task could have been done on that day. +- Yellow :: If the task was going to be overdue the next day. +- Red :: If the task was overdue on that day. + +In addition to coloring each day, the day is also marked with an +asterisk if the task was actually done that day, and an exclamation +mark to show where the current day falls in the graph. + +There are several configuration variables that can be used to change +the way habits are displayed in the agenda. + +- ~org-habit-graph-column~ :: + + #+vindex: org-habit-graph-column + The buffer column at which the consistency graph should be drawn. + This overwrites any text in that column, so it is a good idea to + keep your habits' titles brief and to the point. + +- ~org-habit-preceding-days~ :: + + #+vindex: org-habit-preceding-days + The amount of history, in days before today, to appear in + consistency graphs. + +- ~org-habit-following-days~ :: + + #+vindex: org-habit-following-days + The number of days after today that appear in consistency graphs. + +- ~org-habit-show-habits-only-for-today~ :: + + #+vindex: org-habit-show-habits-only-for-today + If non-~nil~, only show habits in today's agenda view. The default + value is ~t~. Pressing {{{kbd(C-u K)}}} in the agenda toggles this + variable. + +Lastly, pressing {{{kbd(K)}}} in the agenda buffer causes habits to +temporarily be disabled and do not appear at all. Press {{{kbd(K)}}} +again to bring them back. They are also subject to tag filtering, if +you have habits which should only be done in certain contexts, for +example. + +** Priorities +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Some things are more important than others. +:END: +#+cindex: priorities +#+cindex: priority cookie + +If you use Org mode extensively, you may end up with enough TODO items +that it starts to make sense to prioritize them. Prioritizing can be +done by placing a /priority cookie/ into the headline of a TODO item +right after the TODO keyword, like this: + +: *** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune + +#+vindex: org-priority-faces +By default, Org mode supports three priorities: =A=, =B=, and =C=. +=A= is the highest priority. An entry without a cookie is treated as +equivalent if it had priority =B=. Priorities make a difference only +for sorting in the agenda (see [[*Weekly/daily agenda]]). Outside the +agenda, they have no inherent meaning to Org mode. The cookies are +displayed with the face defined by the variable ~org-priority-faces~, +which can be customized. + +You can also use numeric values for priorities, such as + +: *** TODO [#1] Write letter to Sam Fortune + +When using numeric priorities, you need to set ~org-priority-highest~, +~org-priority-lowest~ and ~org-priority-default~ to integers, which +must all be strictly inferior to 65. + +Priorities can be attached to any outline node; they do not need to be +TODO items. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep ; +- {{{kbd(C-c \,)}}} (~org-priority~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c , + #+findex: org-priority + Set the priority of the current headline. The command prompts for + a priority character =A=, =B= or =C=. When you press {{{kbd(SPC)}}} + instead, the priority cookie, if one is set, is removed from the + headline. The priorities can also be changed "remotely" from the + agenda buffer with the {{{kbd(\,)}}} command (see [[*Commands in the + Agenda Buffer]]). + +- {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} (~org-priority-up~); {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} (~org-priority-down~) :: + + #+kindex: S-UP + #+kindex: S-DOWN + #+findex: org-priority-up + #+findex: org-priority-down + #+vindex: org-priority-start-cycle-with-default + Increase/decrease the priority of the current headline[fn:46]. Note + that these keys are also used to modify timestamps (see [[*Creating + Timestamps]]). See also [[*Packages that conflict with Org mode]], for + a discussion of the interaction with shift-selection. + +#+vindex: org-priority-highest +#+vindex: org-priority-lowest +#+vindex: org-priority-default +You can change the range of allowed priorities by setting the +variables ~org-priority-highest~, ~org-priority-lowest~, and +~org-priority-default~. For an individual buffer, you may set these +values (highest, lowest, default) like this (please make sure that the +highest priority is earlier in the alphabet than the lowest priority): + +#+cindex: @samp{PRIORITIES}, keyword +: #+PRIORITIES: A C B + +Or, using numeric values: + +: #+PRIORITIES: 1 10 5 + +** Breaking Down Tasks into Subtasks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Splitting a task into manageable pieces. +:ALT_TITLE: Breaking Down Tasks +:END: +#+cindex: tasks, breaking down +#+cindex: statistics, for TODO items + +#+vindex: org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels +It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, +manageable subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree +below a TODO item, with detailed subtasks on the tree[fn:47]. To keep +an overview of the fraction of subtasks that have already been marked +as done, insert either =[/]= or =[%]= anywhere in the headline. These +cookies are updated each time the TODO status of a child changes, or +when pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} on the cookie. For example: + +#+begin_example +,* Organize Party [33%] +,** TODO Call people [1/2] +,*** TODO Peter +,*** DONE Sarah +,** TODO Buy food +,** DONE Talk to neighbor +#+end_example + +#+cindex: @samp{COOKIE_DATA}, property +If a heading has both checkboxes and TODO children below it, the +meaning of the statistics cookie become ambiguous. Set the property +=COOKIE_DATA= to either =checkbox= or =todo= to resolve this issue. + +#+vindex: org-hierarchical-todo-statistics +If you would like to have the statistics cookie count any TODO entries +in the subtree (not just direct children), configure the variable +~org-hierarchical-todo-statistics~. To do this for a single subtree, +include the word =recursive= into the value of the =COOKIE_DATA= +property. + +#+begin_example org +,* Parent capturing statistics [2/20] + :PROPERTIES: + :COOKIE_DATA: todo recursive + :END: +#+end_example + +If you would like a TODO entry to automatically change to DONE when +all children are done, you can use the following setup: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun org-summary-todo (n-done n-not-done) + "Switch entry to DONE when all subentries are done, to TODO otherwise." + (let (org-log-done org-log-states) ; turn off logging + (org-todo (if (= n-not-done 0) "DONE" "TODO")))) + +(add-hook 'org-after-todo-statistics-hook #'org-summary-todo) +#+end_src + +Another possibility is the use of checkboxes to identify (a hierarchy +of) a large number of subtasks (see [[*Checkboxes]]). + +** Checkboxes +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tick-off lists. +:END: +#+cindex: checkboxes + +#+vindex: org-list-automatic-rules +Every item in a plain list[fn:48] (see [[*Plain Lists]]) can be made into +a checkbox by starting it with the string =[ ]=. This feature is +similar to TODO items (see [[*TODO Items]]), but is more lightweight. +Checkboxes are not included into the global TODO list, so they are +often great to split a task into a number of simple steps. Or you can +use them in a shopping list. + +Here is an example of a checkbox list. + +#+begin_example +,* TODO Organize party [2/4] + - [-] call people [1/3] + - [ ] Peter + - [X] Sarah + - [ ] Sam + - [X] order food + - [ ] think about what music to play + - [X] talk to the neighbors +#+end_example + +Checkboxes work hierarchically, so if a checkbox item has children +that are checkboxes, toggling one of the children checkboxes makes the +parent checkbox reflect if none, some, or all of the children are +checked. + +#+cindex: statistics, for checkboxes +#+cindex: checkbox statistics +#+cindex: @samp{COOKIE_DATA}, property +#+vindex: org-hierarchical-checkbox-statistics +The =[2/4]= and =[1/3]= in the first and second line are cookies +indicating how many checkboxes present in this entry have been checked +off, and the total number of checkboxes present. This can give you an +idea on how many checkboxes remain, even without opening a folded +entry. The cookies can be placed into a headline or into (the first +line of) a plain list item. Each cookie covers checkboxes of direct +children structurally below the headline/item on which the cookie +appears[fn:49]. You have to insert the cookie yourself by typing +either =[/]= or =[%]=. With =[/]= you get an =n out of m= result, as +in the examples above. With =[%]= you get information about the +percentage of checkboxes checked (in the above example, this would be +=[50%]= and =[33%]=, respectively). In a headline, a cookie can count +either checkboxes below the heading or TODO states of children, and it +displays whatever was changed last. Set the property =COOKIE_DATA= to +either =checkbox= or =todo= to resolve this issue. + +#+cindex: blocking, of checkboxes +#+cindex: checkbox blocking +#+cindex: @samp{ORDERED}, property +If the current outline node has an =ORDERED= property, checkboxes must +be checked off in sequence, and an error is thrown if you try to check +off a box while there are unchecked boxes above it. + +The following commands work with checkboxes: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} (~org-toggle-checkbox~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+findex: org-toggle-checkbox + Toggle checkbox status or---with prefix argument---checkbox presence + at point. With a single prefix argument, add an empty checkbox or + remove the current one[fn:50]. With a double prefix argument, set + it to =[-]=, which is considered to be an intermediate state. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-b)}}} (~org-toggle-checkbox~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-b + Toggle checkbox status or---with prefix argument---checkbox presence + at point. With double prefix argument, set it to =[-]=, which is + considered to be an intermediate state. + + - If there is an active region, toggle the first checkbox in the + region and set all remaining boxes to the same status as the + first. With a prefix argument, add or remove the checkbox for all + items in the region. + + - If point is in a headline, toggle checkboxes in the region between + this headline and the next---so /not/ the entire subtree. + + - If there is no active region, just toggle the checkbox at point. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-r)}}} (~org-toggle-radio-button~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-r + #+findex: org-toggle-radio-button + #+cindex: radio button, checkbox as + Toggle checkbox status by using the checkbox of the item at point as + a radio button: when the checkbox is turned on, all other checkboxes + on the same level will be turned off. With a universal prefix + argument, toggle the presence of the checkbox. With a double prefix + argument, set it to =[-]=. + + #+findex: org-list-checkbox-radio-mode + {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} can be told to consider checkboxes as radio buttons by + setting =#+ATTR_ORG: :radio t= right before the list or by calling + {{{kbd(M-x org-list-checkbox-radio-mode)}}} to activate this minor mode. + +- {{{kbd(M-S-RET)}}} (~org-insert-todo-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: M-S-RET + #+findex: org-insert-todo-heading + Insert a new item with a checkbox. This works only if point is + already in a plain list item (see [[*Plain Lists]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x o)}}} (~org-toggle-ordered-property~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x o + #+findex: org-toggle-ordered-property + #+vindex: org-track-ordered-property-with-tag + Toggle the =ORDERED= property of the entry, to toggle if checkboxes + must be checked off in sequence. A property is used for this + behavior because this should be local to the current entry, not + inherited like a tag. However, if you would like to /track/ the + value of this property with a tag for better visibility, customize + ~org-track-ordered-property-with-tag~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c #)}}} (~org-update-statistics-cookies~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c # + #+findex: org-update-statistics-cookies + Update the statistics cookie in the current outline entry. When + called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, update the entire file. + Checkbox statistic cookies are updated automatically if you toggle + checkboxes with {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} and make new ones with + {{{kbd(M-S-RET)}}}. TODO statistics cookies update when changing + TODO states. If you delete boxes/entries or add/change them by + hand, use this command to get things back into sync. + +* Tags +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags. +:END: +#+cindex: tags +#+cindex: headline tagging +#+cindex: matching, tags +#+cindex: sparse tree, tag based + +An excellent way to implement labels and contexts for +cross-correlating information is to assign /tags/ to headlines. Org +mode has extensive support for tags. + +#+vindex: org-tag-faces +Every headline can contain a list of tags; they occur at the end of +the headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, =_=, +and =@=. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon, e.g., +=:work:=. Several tags can be specified, as in =:work:urgent:=. Tags +by default are in bold face with the same color as the headline. You +may specify special faces for specific tags using the variable +~org-tag-faces~, in much the same way as you can for TODO keywords +(see [[*Faces for TODO keywords]]). + +** Tag Inheritance +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tags use the tree structure of an outline. +:END: +#+cindex: tag inheritance +#+cindex: inheritance, of tags +#+cindex: sublevels, inclusion into tags match + +/Tags/ make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If +a heading has a certain tag, all subheadings inherit the tag as well. +For example, in the list + +#+begin_example +,* Meeting with the French group :work: +,** Summary by Frank :boss:notes: +,*** TODO Prepare slides for him :action: +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +the final heading has the tags =work=, =boss=, =notes=, and =action= +even though the final heading is not explicitly marked with those +tags. You can also set tags that all entries in a file should inherit +just as if these tags were defined in a hypothetical level zero that +surrounds the entire file. Use a line like this[fn:51] + +#+cindex: @samp{FILETAGS}, keyword +: #+FILETAGS: :Peter:Boss:Secret: + +#+vindex: org-use-tag-inheritance +#+vindex: org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance +To limit tag inheritance to specific tags, or to turn it off entirely, +use the variables ~org-use-tag-inheritance~ and +~org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance~. + +#+vindex: org-tags-match-list-sublevels +When a headline matches during a tags search while tag inheritance is +turned on, all the sublevels in the same tree---for a simple match +form---match as well[fn:52]. The list of matches may then become +very long. If you only want to see the first tags match in a subtree, +configure the variable ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~ (not +recommended). + +#+vindex: org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance +Tag inheritance is relevant when the agenda search tries to match +a tag, either in the ~tags~ or ~tags-todo~ agenda types. In other +agenda types, ~org-use-tag-inheritance~ has no effect. Still, you may +want to have your tags correctly set in the agenda, so that tag +filtering works fine, with inherited tags. Set +~org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance~ to control this: the default value +includes all agenda types, but setting this to ~nil~ can really speed +up agenda generation. + +** Setting Tags +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to assign tags to a headline. +:END: +#+cindex: setting tags +#+cindex: tags, setting + +#+kindex: M-TAB +Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline. +After a colon, {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} offers completion on tags. There is +also a special command for inserting tags: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-q)}}} (~org-set-tags-command~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-q + #+findex: org-set-tags-command + #+cindex: completion, of tags + #+vindex: org-tags-column + Enter new tags for the current headline. Org mode either offers + completion or a special single-key interface for setting tags, see + below. After pressing {{{kbd(RET)}}}, the tags are inserted and + aligned to ~org-tags-column~. When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} + prefix, all tags in the current buffer are aligned to that column, + just to make things look nice. Tags are automatically realigned + after promotion, demotion, and TODO state changes (see [[*Basic TODO + Functionality]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} (~org-set-tags-command~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + When point is in a headline, this does the same as {{{kbd(C-c + C-q)}}}. + +#+vindex: org-complete-tags-always-offer-all-agenda-tags +#+vindex: org-tag-alist +#+cindex: @samp{TAGS}, keyword +Org supports tag insertion based on a /list of tags/. By default this +list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags currently used in +the buffer[fn:53]. You may also globally specify a hard list of tags +with the variable ~org-tag-alist~. Finally you can set the default +tags for a given file using the =TAGS= keyword, like + +#+begin_example +,#+TAGS: @work @home @tennisclub +,#+TAGS: laptop car pc sailboat +#+end_example + +If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the +variable ~org-tag-alist~, but would like to use a dynamic tag list in +a specific file, add an empty =TAGS= keyword to that file: + +: #+TAGS: + +#+vindex: org-tag-persistent-alist +If you have a preferred set of tags that you would like to use in +every file, in addition to those defined on a per-file basis by =TAGS= +keyword, then you may specify a list of tags with the variable +~org-tag-persistent-alist~. You may turn this off on a per-file basis +by adding a =STARTUP= keyword to that file: + +: #+STARTUP: noptag + +By default Org mode uses the standard minibuffer completion facilities +for entering tags. However, it also implements another, quicker, tag +selection method called /fast tag selection/. This allows you to +select and deselect tags with just a single key press. For this to +work well you should assign unique letters to most of your commonly +used tags. You can do this globally by configuring the variable +~org-tag-alist~ in your Emacs init file. For example, you may find +the need to tag many items in different files with =@home=. In this +case you can set something like: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-tag-alist '(("@work" . ?w) ("@home" . ?h) ("laptop" . ?l))) +#+end_src + +If the tag is only relevant to the file you are working on, then you +can instead set the =TAGS= keyword as: + +: #+TAGS: @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) laptop(l) pc(p) + +The tags interface shows the available tags in a splash window. If +you want to start a new line after a specific tag, insert =\n= into +the tag list + +: #+TAGS: @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) \n laptop(l) pc(p) + +#+texinfo: @noindent +or write them in two lines: + +#+begin_example +,#+TAGS: @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) +,#+TAGS: laptop(l) pc(p) +#+end_example + +You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive by using +braces, as in: + +: #+TAGS: { @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) } laptop(l) pc(p) + +#+texinfo: @noindent +you indicate that at most one of =@work=, =@home=, and =@tennisclub= +should be selected. Multiple such groups are allowed. + +Do not forget to press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with point in one of these +lines to activate any changes. + +To set these mutually exclusive groups in the variable +~org-tags-alist~, you must use the dummy tags ~:startgroup~ and +~:endgroup~ instead of the braces. Similarly, you can use ~:newline~ +to indicate a line break. The previous example would be set globally +by the following configuration: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-tag-alist '((:startgroup . nil) + ("@work" . ?w) ("@home" . ?h) + ("@tennisclub" . ?t) + (:endgroup . nil) + ("laptop" . ?l) ("pc" . ?p))) +#+end_src + +If at least one tag has a selection key then pressing {{{kbd(C-c +C-c)}}} automatically presents you with a special interface, listing +inherited tags, the tags of the current headline, and a list of all +valid tags with corresponding keys[fn:54]. + +Pressing keys assigned to tags adds or removes them from the list of +tags in the current line. Selecting a tag in a group of mutually +exclusive tags turns off any other tag from that group. + +In this interface, you can also use the following special keys: + +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} :: + + #+kindex: TAB + Enter a tag in the minibuffer, even if the tag is not in the + predefined list. You can complete on all tags present in the buffer + and globally pre-defined tags from ~org-tag-alist~ and + ~org-tag-persistent-alist~. You can also add several tags: just + separate them with a comma. + +- {{{kbd(SPC)}}} :: + + #+kindex: SPC + Clear all tags for this line. + +- {{{kbd(RET)}}} :: + + #+kindex: RET + Accept the modified set. + +- {{{kbd(C-g)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-g + Abort without installing changes. + +- {{{kbd(q)}}} :: + + #+kindex: q + If {{{kbd(q)}}} is not assigned to a tag, it aborts like + {{{kbd(C-g)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(!)}}} :: + + #+kindex: ! + Turn off groups of mutually exclusive tags. Use this to (as an + exception) assign several tags from such a group. + +- {{{kbd(C-c)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + Toggle auto-exit after the next change (see below). If you are + using expert mode, the first {{{kbd(C-c)}}} displays the selection + window. + +This method lets you assign tags to a headline with very few keys. +With the above setup, you could clear the current tags and set +=@home=, =laptop= and =pc= tags with just the following keys: +{{{kbd(C-c C-c SPC h l p RET)}}}. Switching from =@home= to =@work= +would be done with {{{kbd(C-c C-c w RET)}}} or alternatively with +{{{kbd(C-c C-c C-c w)}}}. Adding the non-predefined tag =sarah= could +be done with {{{kbd(C-c C-c TAB s a r a h RET)}}}. + +#+vindex: org-fast-tag-selection-single-key +If you find that most of the time you need only a single key press to +modify your list of tags, set the variable +~org-fast-tag-selection-single-key~. Then you no longer have to press +{{{kbd(RET)}}} to exit fast tag selection---it exits after the first +change. If you then occasionally need more keys, press {{{kbd(C-c)}}} +to turn off auto-exit for the current tag selection process (in +effect: start selection with {{{kbd(C-c C-c C-c)}}} instead of +{{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}). If you set the variable to the value ~expert~, +the special window is not even shown for single-key tag selection, it +comes up only when you press an extra {{{kbd(C-c)}}}. + +** Tag Hierarchy +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Create a hierarchy of tags. +:END: +#+cindex: group tags +#+cindex: tags, groups +#+cindex: tags hierarchy + +Tags can be defined in hierarchies. A tag can be defined as a /group +tag/ for a set of other tags. The group tag can be seen as the +"broader term" for its set of tags. Defining multiple group tags and +nesting them creates a tag hierarchy. + +One use-case is to create a taxonomy of terms (tags) that can be used +to classify nodes in a document or set of documents. + +When you search for a group tag, it return matches for all members in +the group and its subgroups. In an agenda view, filtering by a group +tag displays or hide headlines tagged with at least one of the members +of the group or any of its subgroups. This makes tag searches and +filters even more flexible. + +You can set group tags by using brackets and inserting a colon between +the group tag and its related tags---beware that all whitespaces are +mandatory so that Org can parse this line correctly: + +: #+TAGS: [ GTD : Control Persp ] + +In this example, =GTD= is the group tag and it is related to two other +tags: =Control=, =Persp=. Defining =Control= and =Persp= as group +tags creates a hierarchy of tags: + +#+begin_example +,#+TAGS: [ Control : Context Task ] +,#+TAGS: [ Persp : Vision Goal AOF Project ] +#+end_example + +That can conceptually be seen as a hierarchy of tags: + +- =GTD= + - =Persp= + - =Vision= + - =Goal= + - =AOF= + - =Project= + - =Control= + - =Context= + - =Task= + +You can use the ~:startgrouptag~, ~:grouptags~ and ~:endgrouptag~ +keyword directly when setting ~org-tag-alist~ directly: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-tag-alist '((:startgrouptag) + ("GTD") + (:grouptags) + ("Control") + ("Persp") + (:endgrouptag) + (:startgrouptag) + ("Control") + (:grouptags) + ("Context") + ("Task") + (:endgrouptag))) +#+end_src + +The tags in a group can be mutually exclusive if using the same group +syntax as is used for grouping mutually exclusive tags together; using +curly brackets. + +: #+TAGS: { Context : @Home @Work @Call } + +When setting ~org-tag-alist~ you can use ~:startgroup~ and ~:endgroup~ +instead of ~:startgrouptag~ and ~:endgrouptag~ to make the tags +mutually exclusive. + +Furthermore, the members of a group tag can also be regular +expressions, creating the possibility of a more dynamic and rule-based +tag structure (see [[*Regular Expressions]]). The regular expressions in +the group must be specified within curly brackets. Here is an +expanded example: + +#+begin_example +,#+TAGS: [ Vision : {V@.+} ] +,#+TAGS: [ Goal : {G@.+} ] +,#+TAGS: [ AOF : {AOF@.+} ] +,#+TAGS: [ Project : {P@.+} ] +#+end_example + +Searching for the tag =Project= now lists all tags also including +regular expression matches for =P@.+=, and similarly for tag searches +on =Vision=, =Goal= and =AOF=. For example, this would work well for +a project tagged with a common project-identifier, e.g., +=P@2014_OrgTags=. + +#+kindex: C-c C-x q +#+findex: org-toggle-tags-groups +#+vindex: org-group-tags +If you want to ignore group tags temporarily, toggle group tags +support with ~org-toggle-tags-groups~, bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-x q)}}}. +If you want to disable tag groups completely, set ~org-group-tags~ to +~nil~. + +** Tag Searches +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Searching for combinations of tags. +:END: +#+cindex: tag searches +#+cindex: searching for tags + +Once a system of tags has been set up, it can be used to collect +related information into special lists. + +- {{{kbd(C-c / m)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c \)}}} (~org-match-sparse-tree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c / m + #+kindex: C-c \ + #+findex: org-match-sparse-tree + Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search. + With a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not + a TODO line. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda m)}}} (~org-tags-view~) :: + + #+kindex: m @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-tags-view + Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. See + [[*Matching tags and properties]]. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda M)}}} (~org-tags-view~) :: + + #+kindex: M @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+vindex: org-tags-match-list-sublevels + Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check + only TODO items and force checking subitems (see the option + ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~). + +These commands all prompt for a match string which allows basic +Boolean logic like =+boss+urgent-project1=, to find entries with tags +=boss= and =urgent=, but not =project1=, or =Kathy|Sally= to find +entries which are tagged, like =Kathy= or =Sally=. The full syntax of +the search string is rich and allows also matching against TODO +keywords, entry levels and properties. For a complete description +with many examples, see [[*Matching tags and properties]]. + +* Properties and Columns +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Storing information about an entry. +:END: +#+cindex: properties + +A property is a key-value pair associated with an entry. Properties +can be set so they are associated with a single entry, with every +entry in a tree, or with the whole buffer. + +There are two main applications for properties in Org mode. First, +properties are like tags, but with a value. Imagine maintaining +a file where you document bugs and plan releases for a piece of +software. Instead of using tags like =release_1=, =release_2=, you +can use a property, say =Release=, that in different subtrees has +different values, such as =1.0= or =2.0=. Second, you can use +properties to implement (very basic) database capabilities in an Org +buffer. Imagine keeping track of your music CDs, where properties +could be things such as the album, artist, date of release, number of +tracks, and so on. + +Properties can be conveniently edited and viewed in column view (see +[[*Column View]]). + +** Property Syntax +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How properties are spelled out. +:END: +#+cindex: property syntax +#+cindex: drawer, for properties + +Properties are key--value pairs. When they are associated with +a single entry or with a tree they need to be inserted into a special +drawer (see [[*Drawers]]) with the name =PROPERTIES=, which has to be +located right below a headline, and its planning line (see [[*Deadlines +and Scheduling]]) when applicable. Each property is specified on +a single line, with the key---surrounded by colons---first, and the +value after it. Keys are case-insensitive. Here is an example: + +#+begin_example +,* CD collection +,** Classic +,*** Goldberg Variations + :PROPERTIES: + :Title: Goldberg Variations + :Composer: J.S. Bach + :Artist: Glenn Gould + :Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon + :NDisks: 1 + :END: +#+end_example + +Depending on the value of ~org-use-property-inheritance~, a property +set this way is associated either with a single entry, or with the +sub-tree defined by the entry, see [[*Property Inheritance]]. + +You may define the allowed values for a particular property =Xyz= by +setting a property =Xyz_ALL=. This special property is /inherited/, +so if you set it in a level 1 entry, it applies to the entire tree. +When allowed values are defined, setting the corresponding property +becomes easier and is less prone to typing errors. For the example +with the CD collection, we can pre-define publishers and the number of +disks in a box like this: + +#+begin_example +,* CD collection + :PROPERTIES: + :NDisks_ALL: 1 2 3 4 + :Publisher_ALL: "Deutsche Grammophon" Philips EMI + :END: +#+end_example + +Properties can be inserted on buffer level. That means they apply +before the first headline and can be inherited by all entries in a +file. Property blocks defined before first headline needs to be +located at the top of the buffer, allowing only comments above. + +Properties can also be defined using lines like: + +#+cindex: @samp{_ALL} suffix, in properties +#+cindex: @samp{PROPERTY}, keyword +: #+PROPERTY: NDisks_ALL 1 2 3 4 + +#+cindex: @samp{+} suffix, in properties +If you want to add to the value of an existing property, append a =+= +to the property name. The following results in the property =var= +having the value =foo=1 bar=2=. + +#+begin_example +,#+PROPERTY: var foo=1 +,#+PROPERTY: var+ bar=2 +#+end_example + +It is also possible to add to the values of inherited properties. The +following results in the =Genres= property having the value =Classic +Baroque= under the =Goldberg Variations= subtree. + +#+begin_example +,* CD collection +,** Classic + :PROPERTIES: + :Genres: Classic + :END: +,*** Goldberg Variations + :PROPERTIES: + :Title: Goldberg Variations + :Composer: J.S. Bach + :Artist: Glenn Gould + :Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon + :NDisks: 1 + :Genres+: Baroque + :END: +#+end_example + +Note that a property can only have one entry per drawer. + +#+vindex: org-global-properties +Property values set with the global variable ~org-global-properties~ +can be inherited by all entries in all Org files. + +The following commands help to work with properties: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} (~pcomplete~) :: + + #+kindex: M-TAB + #+findex: pcomplete + After an initial colon in a line, complete property keys. All keys + used in the current file are offered as possible completions. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x p)}}} (~org-set-property~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x p + #+findex: org-set-property + Set a property. This prompts for a property name and a value. If + necessary, the property drawer is created as well. + +- {{{kbd(C-u M-x org-insert-drawer)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-insert-drawer + Insert a property drawer into the current entry. The drawer is + inserted early in the entry, but after the lines with planning + information like deadlines. If before first headline the drawer is + inserted at the top of the drawer after any potential comments. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} (~org-property-action~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+findex: org-property-action + With point in a property drawer, this executes property commands. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c s)}}} (~org-set-property~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c s + #+findex: org-set-property + Set a property in the current entry. Both the property and the + value can be inserted using completion. + +- {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-property-next-allowed-values~), {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} (~org-property-previous-allowed-value~) :: + + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+kindex: S-LEFT + Switch property at point to the next/previous allowed value. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c d)}}} (~org-delete-property~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c d + #+findex: org-delete-property + Remove a property from the current entry. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c D)}}} (~org-delete-property-globally~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c D + #+findex: org-delete-property-globally + Globally remove a property, from all entries in the current file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c c)}}} (~org-compute-property-at-point~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c c + #+findex: org-compute-property-at-point + Compute the property at point, using the operator and scope from the + nearest column format definition. + +** Special Properties +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Access to other Org mode features. +:END: +#+cindex: properties, special + +Special properties provide an alternative access method to Org mode +features, like the TODO state or the priority of an entry, discussed +in the previous chapters. This interface exists so that you can +include these states in a column view (see [[*Column View]]), or to use +them in queries. The following property names are special and should +not be used as keys in the properties drawer: + +#+cindex: @samp{ALLTAGS}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{BLOCKED}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{CLOCKSUM}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{CLOCKSUM_T}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{CLOSED}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{DEADLINE}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{FILE}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{ITEM}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{PRIORITY}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{SCHEDULED}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{TAGS}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{TIMESTAMP}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{TIMESTAMP_IA}, special property +#+cindex: @samp{TODO}, special property +| =ALLTAGS= | All tags, including inherited ones. | +| =BLOCKED= | ~t~ if task is currently blocked by children or siblings. | +| =CATEGORY= | The category of an entry. | +| =CLOCKSUM= | The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree. ~org-clock-sum~ | +| | must be run first to compute the values in the current buffer. | +| =CLOCKSUM_T= | The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree for today. | +| | ~org-clock-sum-today~ must be run first to compute the | +| | values in the current buffer. | +| =CLOSED= | When was this entry closed? | +| =DEADLINE= | The deadline timestamp. | +| =FILE= | The filename the entry is located in. | +| =ITEM= | The headline of the entry. | +| =PRIORITY= | The priority of the entry, a string with a single letter. | +| =SCHEDULED= | The scheduling timestamp. | +| =TAGS= | The tags defined directly in the headline. | +| =TIMESTAMP= | The first keyword-less timestamp in the entry. | +| =TIMESTAMP_IA= | The first inactive timestamp in the entry. | +| =TODO= | The TODO keyword of the entry. | + +** Property Searches +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Matching property values. +:END: +#+cindex: properties, searching +#+cindex: searching, of properties + +To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on +properties, the same commands are used as for tag searches (see [[*Tag +Searches]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-c / m)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c \)}}} (~org-match-sparse-tree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c / m + #+kindex: C-c \ + #+findex: org-match-sparse-tree + Create a sparse tree with all matching entries. With + a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not + a TODO line. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda m)}}} (~org-tags-view~) :: + + #+kindex: m @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-tags-view + Create a global list of tag/property matches from all agenda files. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda M)}}} (~org-tags-view~) :: + + #+kindex: M @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+vindex: org-tags-match-list-sublevels + Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check + only TODO items and force checking of subitems (see the option + ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~). + +The syntax for the search string is described in [[*Matching tags and +properties]]. + +There is also a special command for creating sparse trees based on a +single property: + +- {{{kbd(C-c / p)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c / p + Create a sparse tree based on the value of a property. This first + prompts for the name of a property, and then for a value. A sparse + tree is created with all entries that define this property with the + given value. If you enclose the value in curly braces, it is + interpreted as a regular expression and matched against the property + values (see [[*Regular Expressions]]). + +** Property Inheritance +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Passing values down a tree. +:END: +#+cindex: properties, inheritance +#+cindex: inheritance, of properties + +#+vindex: org-use-property-inheritance +The outline structure of Org documents lends itself to an inheritance +model of properties: if the parent in a tree has a certain property, +the children can inherit this property. Org mode does not turn this +on by default, because it can slow down property searches +significantly and is often not needed. However, if you find +inheritance useful, you can turn it on by setting the variable +~org-use-property-inheritance~. It may be set to ~t~ to make all +properties inherited from the parent, to a list of properties that +should be inherited, or to a regular expression that matches inherited +properties. If a property has the value ~nil~, this is interpreted as +an explicit un-define of the property, so that inheritance search +stops at this value and returns ~nil~. + +Org mode has a few properties for which inheritance is hard-coded, at +least for the special applications for which they are used: + +- ~COLUMNS~ :: + + #+cindex: @samp{COLUMNS}, property + The =COLUMNS= property defines the format of column view (see + [[*Column View]]). It is inherited in the sense that the level where + a =COLUMNS= property is defined is used as the starting point for + a column view table, independently of the location in the subtree + from where columns view is turned on. + +- ~CATEGORY~ :: + + #+cindex: @samp{CATEGORY}, property + For agenda view, a category set through a =CATEGORY= property + applies to the entire subtree. + +- ~ARCHIVE~ :: + + #+cindex: @samp{ARCHIVE}, property + For archiving, the =ARCHIVE= property may define the archive + location for the entire subtree (see [[*Moving a tree to an archive + file]]). + +- ~LOGGING~ :: + + #+cindex: @samp{LOGGING}, property + The =LOGGING= property may define logging settings for an entry or + a subtree (see [[*Tracking TODO state changes]]). + +** Column View +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tabular viewing and editing. +:END: + +A great way to view and edit properties in an outline tree is /column +view/. In column view, each outline node is turned into a table row. +Columns in this table provide access to properties of the entries. +Org mode implements columns by overlaying a tabular structure over the +headline of each item. While the headlines have been turned into +a table row, you can still change the visibility of the outline tree. +For example, you get a compact table by switching to "contents" +view---{{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}}, or simply {{{kbd(c)}}} +while column view is active---but you can still open, read, and edit +the entry below each headline. Or, you can switch to column view +after executing a sparse tree command and in this way get a table only +for the selected items. Column view also works in agenda buffers (see +[[*Agenda Views]]) where queries have collected selected items, possibly +from a number of files. + +*** Defining columns +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The COLUMNS format property. +:END: +#+cindex: column view, for properties +#+cindex: properties, column view + +Setting up a column view first requires defining the columns. This is +done by defining a column format line. + +**** Scope of column definitions +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Where defined, where valid? +:END: + +To specify a format that only applies to a specific tree, add +a =COLUMNS= property to the top node of that tree, for example: + +#+begin_example +,** Top node for columns view + :PROPERTIES: + :COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO + :END: +#+end_example + +A =COLUMNS= property within a property drawer before first headline +will apply to the entire file. As an addition to property drawers, +keywords can also be defined for an entire file using a line like: + +#+cindex: @samp{COLUMNS}, keyword +: #+COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO + +If a =COLUMNS= property is present in an entry, it defines columns for +the entry itself, and for the entire subtree below it. Since the +column definition is part of the hierarchical structure of the +document, you can define columns on level 1 that are general enough +for all sublevels, and more specific columns further down, when you +edit a deeper part of the tree. + +**** Column attributes +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Appearance and content of a column. +:END: + +A column definition sets the attributes of a column. The general +definition looks like this: + +: %[WIDTH]PROPERTY[(TITLE)][{SUMMARY-TYPE}] + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Except for the percent sign and the property name, all items are +optional. The individual parts have the following meaning: + +- {{{var(WIDTH)}}} :: + + An integer specifying the width of the column in characters. If + omitted, the width is determined automatically. + +- {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} :: + + The property that should be edited in this column. Special + properties representing meta data are allowed here as well (see + [[*Special Properties]]). + +- {{{var(TITLE)}}} :: + + The header text for the column. If omitted, the property name is + used. + +- {{{var(SUMMARY-TYPE)}}} :: + + The summary type. If specified, the column values for parent nodes + are computed from the children[fn:55]. + + Supported summary types are: + + | =+= | Sum numbers in this column. | + | =+;%.1f= | Like =+=, but format result with =%.1f=. | + | =$= | Currency, short for =+;%.2f=. | + | =min= | Smallest number in column. | + | =max= | Largest number. | + | =mean= | Arithmetic mean of numbers. | + | =X= | Checkbox status, =[X]= if all children are =[X]=. | + | =X/= | Checkbox status, =[n/m]=. | + | =X%= | Checkbox status, =[n%]=. | + | =:= | Sum times, HH:MM, plain numbers are minutes. | + | =:min= | Smallest time value in column. | + | =:max= | Largest time value. | + | =:mean= | Arithmetic mean of time values. | + | =@min= | Minimum age[fn:56] (in days/hours/mins/seconds). | + | =@max= | Maximum age (in days/hours/mins/seconds). | + | =@mean= | Arithmetic mean of ages (in days/hours/mins/seconds). | + | =est+= | Add low-high estimates. | + + #+vindex: org-columns-summary-types + You can also define custom summary types by setting + ~org-columns-summary-types~. + +The =est+= summary type requires further explanation. It is used for +combining estimates, expressed as low-high ranges. For example, +instead of estimating a particular task will take 5 days, you might +estimate it as 5--6 days if you're fairly confident you know how much +work is required, or 1--10 days if you do not really know what needs +to be done. Both ranges average at 5.5 days, but the first represents +a more predictable delivery. + +When combining a set of such estimates, simply adding the lows and +highs produces an unrealistically wide result. Instead, =est+= adds +the statistical mean and variance of the subtasks, generating a final +estimate from the sum. For example, suppose you had ten tasks, each +of which was estimated at 0.5 to 2 days of work. Straight addition +produces an estimate of 5 to 20 days, representing what to expect if +everything goes either extremely well or extremely poorly. In +contrast, =est+= estimates the full job more realistically, at 10--15 +days. + +Here is an example for a complete columns definition, along with +allowed values[fn:57]. + +#+begin_example +:COLUMNS: %25ITEM %9Approved(Approved?){X} %Owner %11Status \ + %10Time_Estimate{:} %CLOCKSUM %CLOCKSUM_T +:Owner_ALL: Tammy Mark Karl Lisa Don +:Status_ALL: "In progress" "Not started yet" "Finished" "" +:Approved_ALL: "[ ]" "[X]" +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The first column, =%25ITEM=, means the first 25 characters of the item +itself, i.e., of the headline. You probably always should start the +column definition with the =ITEM= specifier. The other specifiers +create columns =Owner= with a list of names as allowed values, for +=Status= with four different possible values, and for a checkbox field +=Approved=. When no width is given after the =%= character, the +column is exactly as wide as it needs to be in order to fully display +all values. The =Approved= column does have a modified title +(=Approved?=, with a question mark). Summaries are created for the +=Time_Estimate= column by adding time duration expressions like HH:MM, +and for the =Approved= column, by providing an =[X]= status if all +children have been checked. The =CLOCKSUM= and =CLOCKSUM_T= columns +are special, they lists the sums of CLOCK intervals in the subtree, +either for all clocks or just for today. + +*** Using column view +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to create and use column view. +:END: + +**** Turning column view on or off +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-c)}}} (~org-columns~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-c + #+vindex: org-columns + #+vindex: org-columns-default-format + Turn on column view. If point is before the first headline in the + file, column view is turned on for the entire file, using the + =#+COLUMNS= definition. If point is somewhere inside the outline, + this command searches the hierarchy, up from point, for a =COLUMNS= + property that defines a format. When one is found, the column view + table is established for the tree starting at the entry that + contains the =COLUMNS= property. If no such property is found, the + format is taken from the =#+COLUMNS= line or from the variable + ~org-columns-default-format~, and column view is established for the + current entry and its subtree. + +- {{{kbd(r)}}} or {{{kbd(g)}}} on a columns view line (~org-columns-redo~) :: + + #+kindex: r + #+kindex: g + #+findex: org-columns-redo + Recreate the column view, to include recent changes made in the + buffer. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} or {{{kbd(q)}}} on a columns view line (~org-columns-quit~) :: + + #+kindex: q + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+findex: org-columns-quit + Exit column view. + +**** Editing values +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep and +- {{{kbd(LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(RIGHT)}}}, {{{kbd(UP)}}}, {{{kbd(DOWN)}}} :: + + Move through the column view from field to field. + +- {{{kbd(1..9\,0)}}} :: + + #+kindex: 1..9,0 + Directly select the Nth allowed value, {{{kbd(0)}}} selects the + 10th value. + +- {{{kbd(n)}}} or {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-columns-next-allowed-value~) and {{{kbd(p)}}} or {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} (~org-columns-previous-allowed-value~) :: + + #+kindex: n + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+kindex: p + #+kindex: S-LEFT + #+findex: org-columns-next-allowed-value + #+findex: org-columns-previous-allowed-value + Switch to the next/previous allowed value of the field. For this, + you have to have specified allowed values for a property. + +- {{{kbd(e)}}} (~org-columns-edit-value~) :: + + #+kindex: e + #+findex: org-columns-edit-value + Edit the property at point. For the special properties, this + invokes the same interface that you normally use to change that + property. For example, the tag completion or fast selection + interface pops up when editing a =TAGS= property. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} (~org-columns-toggle-or-columns-quit~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+findex: org-columns-toggle-or-columns-quit + When there is a checkbox at point, toggle it. Else exit column + view. + +- {{{kbd(v)}}} (~org-columns-show-value~) :: + + #+kindex: v + #+findex: org-columns-show-value + View the full value of this property. This is useful if the width + of the column is smaller than that of the value. + +- {{{kbd(a)}}} (~org-columns-edit-allowed~) :: + + #+kindex: a + #+findex: org-columns-edit-allowed + Edit the list of allowed values for this property. If the list is + found in the hierarchy, the modified values is stored there. If no + list is found, the new value is stored in the first entry that is + part of the current column view. + +**** Modifying column view on-the-fly +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep and +- {{{kbd(<)}}} (~org-columns-narrow~) and {{{kbd(>)}}} (~org-columns-widen~) :: + + #+kindex: < + #+kindex: > + #+findex: org-columns-narrow + #+findex: org-columns-widen + Make the column narrower/wider by one character. + +- {{{kbd(S-M-RIGHT)}}} (~org-columns-new~) :: + + #+kindex: S-M-RIGHT + #+findex: org-columns-new + Insert a new column, to the left of the current column. + +- {{{kbd(S-M-LEFT)}}} (~org-columns-delete~) :: + + #+kindex: S-M-LEFT + #+findex: org-columns-delete + Delete the current column. + +*** Capturing column view +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: A dynamic block for column view. +:END: + +Since column view is just an overlay over a buffer, it cannot be +exported or printed directly. If you want to capture a column view, +use a =columnview= dynamic block (see [[*Dynamic Blocks]]). The frame of +this block looks like this: + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN columnview} +#+begin_example +,* The column view +,#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 1 :id "label" + +,#+END: +#+end_example + +This dynamic block has the following parameters: + +- =:id= :: + + This is the most important parameter. Column view is a feature that + is often localized to a certain (sub)tree, and the capture block + might be at a different location in the file. To identify the tree + whose view to capture, you can use four values: + + - =local= :: + + Use the tree in which the capture block is located. + + - =global= :: + + Make a global view, including all headings in the file. + + - =file:FILENAME= :: + + Run column view at the top of the {{{var(FILENAME)}}} file. + + - =LABEL= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{ID}, property + Call column view in the tree that has an =ID= property with the + value {{{var(LABEL)}}}. You can use {{{kbd(M-x org-id-copy)}}} to + create a globally unique ID for the current entry and copy it to + the kill-ring. + +- =:match= :: + + When set to a string, use this as a tags/property match filter to + select only a subset of the headlines in the scope set by the ~:id~ + parameter. + + +- =:hlines= :: + + When ~t~, insert an hline after every line. When a number N, insert + an hline before each headline with level ~<= N~. + +- =:vlines= :: + + When non-~nil~, force column groups to get vertical lines. + +- =:maxlevel= :: + + When set to a number, do not capture entries below this level. + +- =:skip-empty-rows= :: + + When non-~nil~, skip rows where the only non-empty specifier of + the column view is =ITEM=. + +- =:exclude-tags= :: + + List of tags to exclude from column view table: entries with these + tags will be excluded from the column view. + +- =:indent= :: + + When non-~nil~, indent each =ITEM= field according to its level. + +- =:format= :: + + Specify a column attribute (see [[*Column attributes]]) for the dynamic + block. + +The following commands insert or update the dynamic block: + +- ~org-columns-insert-dblock~ :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x x + #+findex: org-columns-insert-dblock + Insert a dynamic block capturing a column view. Prompt for the + scope or ID of the view. + + This command can be invoked by calling + ~org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock~ ({{{kbd(C-c C-x x)}}}) and + selecting "columnview" (see [[*Dynamic Blocks]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-u)}}} (~org-dblock-update~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-u + #+findex: org-dblock-update + Update dynamic block at point. point needs to be in the =#+BEGIN= + line of the dynamic block. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x C-u)}}} (~org-update-all-dblocks~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x C-u + Update all dynamic blocks (see [[*Dynamic Blocks]]). This is useful if + you have several clock table blocks, column-capturing blocks or + other dynamic blocks in a buffer. + +You can add formulas to the column view table and you may add plotting +instructions in front of the table---these survive an update of the +block. If there is a =TBLFM= keyword after the table, the table is +recalculated automatically after an update. + +An alternative way to capture and process property values into a table +is provided by Eric Schulte's =org-collector.el=, which is a package +in =org-contrib=[fn:58]. It provides a general API to collect +properties from entries in a certain scope, and arbitrary Lisp +expressions to process these values before inserting them into a table +or a dynamic block. + +* Dates and Times +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Making items useful for planning. +:END: +#+cindex: dates +#+cindex: times +#+cindex: timestamp +#+cindex: date stamp + +To assist project planning, TODO items can be labeled with a date +and/or a time. The specially formatted string carrying the date and +time information is called a /timestamp/ in Org mode. This may be +a little confusing because timestamp is often used as indicating when +something was created or last changed. However, in Org mode this term +is used in a much wider sense. + +** Timestamps +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Assigning a time to a tree entry. +:END: +#+cindex: timestamps +#+cindex: ranges, time +#+cindex: date stamps +#+cindex: deadlines +#+cindex: scheduling + +A timestamp is a specification of a date (possibly with a time or +a range of times) in a special format, either =<2003-09-16 Tue>= or +=<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>= or =<2003-09-16 Tue 12:00-12:30>=[fn:59]. +A timestamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an Org tree +entry. Its presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in +the agenda (see [[*Weekly/daily agenda]]). We distinguish: + +- Plain timestamp; Event; Appointment :: + + #+cindex: timestamp + #+cindex: appointment + A simple timestamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is + just like writing down an appointment or event in a paper agenda. + In the agenda display, the headline of an entry associated with + a plain timestamp is shown exactly on that date. + + #+begin_example + ,* Meet Peter at the movies + <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15> + ,* Discussion on climate change + <2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00> + #+end_example + +- Timestamp with repeater interval :: + + #+cindex: timestamp, with repeater interval + A timestamp may contain a /repeater interval/, indicating that it + applies not only on the given date, but again and again after + a certain interval of N days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years + (y). The following shows up in the agenda every Wednesday: + + #+begin_example + ,* Pick up Sam at school + <2007-05-16 Wed 12:30 +1w> + #+end_example + +- Diary-style expression entries :: + + #+cindex: diary style timestamps + #+cindex: sexp timestamps + For more complex date specifications, Org mode supports using the + special expression diary entries implemented in the Emacs Calendar + package[fn:60]. For example, with optional time: + + #+begin_example + ,* 22:00-23:00 The nerd meeting on every 2nd Thursday of the month + <%%(diary-float t 4 2)> + #+end_example + +- Time/Date range :: + + #+cindex: timerange + #+cindex: date range + Two timestamps connected by =--= denote a range. The headline is + shown on the first and last day of the range, and on any dates that + are displayed and fall in the range. Here is an example: + + #+begin_example + ,** Meeting in Amsterdam + <2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu> + #+end_example + +- Inactive timestamp :: + + #+cindex: timestamp, inactive + #+cindex: inactive timestamp + Just like a plain timestamp, but with square brackets instead of + angular ones. These timestamps are inactive in the sense that they + do /not/ trigger an entry to show up in the agenda. + + #+begin_example + ,* Gillian comes late for the fifth time + [2006-11-01 Wed] + #+end_example + +** Creating Timestamps +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Commands to insert timestamps. +:END: + +For Org mode to recognize timestamps, they need to be in the specific +format. All commands listed below produce timestamps in the correct +format. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c .)}}} (~org-time-stamp~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c . + #+findex: org-time-stamp + Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding timestamp. When point + is at an existing timestamp in the buffer, the command is used to + modify this timestamp instead of inserting a new one. When this + command is used twice in succession, a time range is inserted. + + #+kindex: C-u C-c . + #+vindex: org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes + When called with a prefix argument, use the alternative format which + contains date and time. The default time can be rounded to + multiples of 5 minutes. See the option + ~org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes~. + + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c . + With two prefix arguments, insert an active timestamp with the + current time without prompting. + +- {{{kbd(C-c !)}}} (~org-time-stamp-inactive~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ! + #+kindex: C-u C-c ! + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c ! + #+findex: org-time-stamp-inactive + Like {{{kbd(C-c .)}}}, but insert an inactive timestamp that does + not cause an agenda entry. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + Normalize timestamp, insert or fix day name if missing or wrong. + +- {{{kbd(C-c <)}}} (~org-date-from-calendar~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c < + #+findex: org-date-from-calendar + Insert a timestamp corresponding to point date in the calendar. + +- {{{kbd(C-c >)}}} (~org-goto-calendar~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c > + #+findex: org-goto-calendar + Access the Emacs calendar for the current date. If there is + a timestamp in the current line, go to the corresponding date + instead. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} (~org-open-at-point~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-o + #+findex: org-open-at-point + Access the agenda for the date given by the timestamp or -range at + point (see [[*Weekly/daily agenda]]). + +- {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} (~org-timestamp-down-day~), {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-timestamp-up-day~) :: + + #+kindex: S-LEFT + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+findex: org-timestamp-down-day + #+findex: org-timestamp-up-day + Change date at point by one day. These key bindings conflict with + shift-selection and related modes (see [[*Packages that conflict with + Org mode]]). + +- {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} (~org-timestamp-up~), {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} (~org-timestamp-down~) :: + + #+kindex: S-UP + #+kindex: S-DOWN + On the beginning or enclosing bracket of a timestamp, change its + type. Within a timestamp, change the item under point. Point can + be on a year, month, day, hour or minute. When the timestamp + contains a time range like =15:30-16:30=, modifying the first time + also shifts the second, shifting the time block with constant + length. To change the length, modify the second time. Note that if + point is in a headline and not at a timestamp, these same keys + modify the priority of an item (see [[*Priorities]]). The key bindings + also conflict with shift-selection and related modes (see [[*Packages + that conflict with Org mode]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-y)}}} (~org-evaluate-time-range~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-y + #+findex: org-evaluate-time-range + #+cindex: evaluate time range + Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and + end. With a prefix argument, insert result after the time range (in + a table: into the following column). + +*** The date/time prompt +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How Org mode helps you enter dates and times. +:END: +#+cindex: date, reading in minibuffer +#+cindex: time, reading in minibuffer + +#+vindex: org-read-date-prefer-future +When Org mode prompts for a date/time, the default is shown in default +date/time format, and the prompt therefore seems to ask for a specific +format. But it in fact accepts date/time information in a variety of +formats. Generally, the information should start at the beginning of +the string. Org mode finds whatever information is in there and +derives anything you have not specified from the /default date and +time/. The default is usually the current date and time, but when +modifying an existing timestamp, or when entering the second stamp of +a range, it is taken from the stamp in the buffer. When filling in +information, Org mode assumes that most of the time you want to enter +a date in the future: if you omit the month/year and the given +day/month is /before/ today, it assumes that you mean a future +date[fn:61]. If the date has been automatically shifted into the +future, the time prompt shows this with =(=>F)=. + +For example, let's assume that today is *June 13, 2006*. Here is how +various inputs are interpreted, the items filled in by Org mode are in +*bold*. + +| =3-2-5= | \rArr{} 2003-02-05 | +| =2/5/3= | \rArr{} 2003-02-05 | +| =14= | \rArr{} *2006*-*06*-14 | +| =12= | \rArr{} *2006*-*07*-12 | +| =2/5= | \rArr{} *2007*-02-05 | +| =Fri= | \rArr{} nearest Friday (default date or later) | +| =sep 15= | \rArr{} *2006*-09-15 | +| =feb 15= | \rArr{} *2007*-02-15 | +| =sep 12 9= | \rArr{} 2009-09-12 | +| =12:45= | \rArr{} *2006*-*06*-*13* 12:45 | +| =22 sept 0:34= | \rArr{} *2006*-09-22 0:34 | +| =w4= | \rArr{} ISO week for of the current year *2006* | +| =2012 w4 fri= | \rArr{} Friday of ISO week 4 in 2012 | +| =2012-w04-5= | \rArr{} Same as above | + +Furthermore you can specify a relative date by giving, as the /first/ +thing in the input: a plus/minus sign, a number and a letter---=h=, +=d=, =w=, =m= or =y=---to indicate a change in hours, days, weeks, +months, or years. With =h= the date is relative to the current time, +with the other letters and a single plus or minus, the date is +relative to today at 00:00. With a double plus or minus, it is +relative to the default date. If instead of a single letter, you use +the abbreviation of day name, the date is the Nth such day, e.g.: + +| =+0= | \rArr{} today | +| =.= | \rArr{} today | +| =+2h= | \rArr{} two hours from now | +| =+4d= | \rArr{} four days from today | +| =+4= | \rArr{} same as +4d | +| =+2w= | \rArr{} two weeks from today | +| =++5= | \rArr{} five days from default date | +| =+2tue= | \rArr{} second Tuesday from now | + +#+vindex: parse-time-months +#+vindex: parse-time-weekdays +The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If +you want to use un-abbreviated names and/or other languages, configure +the variables ~parse-time-months~ and ~parse-time-weekdays~. + +#+vindex: org-read-date-force-compatible-dates +Not all dates can be represented in a given Emacs implementation. By +default Org mode forces dates into the compatibility range 1970--2037 +which works on all Emacs implementations. If you want to use dates +outside of this range, read the docstring of the variable +~org-read-date-force-compatible-dates~. + +You can specify a time range by giving start and end times or by +giving a start time and a duration (in HH:MM format). Use one or two +dash(es) as the separator in the former case and use =+= as the +separator in the latter case, e.g.: + +| =11am-1:15pm= | \rArr{} 11:00-13:15 | +| =11h-13h15= | \rArr{} same as above | +| =11am--1:15pm= | \rArr{} same as above | +| =11am+2:15= | \rArr{} same as above | + +#+cindex: calendar, for selecting date +#+vindex: org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt +Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up[fn:62]. +When you exit the date prompt, either by clicking on a date in the +calendar, or by pressing {{{kbd(RET)}}}, the date selected in the +calendar is combined with the information entered at the prompt. You +can control the calendar fully from the minibuffer: + +#+kindex: < +#+kindex: > +#+kindex: M-v +#+kindex: C-v +#+kindex: mouse-1 +#+kindex: S-RIGHT +#+kindex: S-LEFT +#+kindex: S-DOWN +#+kindex: S-UP +#+kindex: M-S-RIGHT +#+kindex: M-S-LEFT +#+kindex: RET +#+kindex: . +#+kindex: C-. +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.25 0.55 +| {{{kbd(RET)}}} | Choose date at point in calendar. | +| {{{kbd(mouse-1)}}} | Select date by clicking on it. | +| {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} | One day forward. | +| {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} | One day backward. | +| {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} | One week forward. | +| {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} | One week backward. | +| {{{kbd(M-S-RIGHT)}}} | One month forward. | +| {{{kbd(M-S-LEFT)}}} | One month backward. | +| {{{kbd(>)}}} | Scroll calendar forward by one month. | +| {{{kbd(<)}}} | Scroll calendar backward by one month. | +| {{{kbd(M-v)}}} | Scroll calendar forward by 3 months. | +| {{{kbd(C-v)}}} | Scroll calendar backward by 3 months. | +| {{{kbd(C-.)}}} | Select today's date[fn:63] | + +#+vindex: org-read-date-display-live +The actions of the date/time prompt may seem complex, but I assure you +they will grow on you, and you will start getting annoyed by pretty +much any other way of entering a date/time out there. To help you +understand what is going on, the current interpretation of your input +is displayed live in the minibuffer[fn:64]. + +*** Custom time format +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Making dates look different. +:END: +#+cindex: custom date/time format +#+cindex: time format, custom +#+cindex: date format, custom + +#+vindex: org-display-custom-times +#+vindex: org-time-stamp-custom-formats +Org mode uses the standard ISO notation for dates and times as it is +defined in ISO 8601. If you cannot get used to this and require +another representation of date and time to keep you happy, you can get +it by customizing the variables ~org-display-custom-times~ and +~org-time-stamp-custom-formats~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-t)}}} (~org-toggle-time-stamp-overlays~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-t + #+findex: org-toggle-time-stamp-overlays + Toggle the display of custom formats for dates and times. + +Org mode needs the default format for scanning, so the custom +date/time format does not /replace/ the default format. Instead, it +is put /over/ the default format using text properties. This has the +following consequences: + +- You cannot place point onto a timestamp anymore, only before or + after. + +- The {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} and {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} keys can no longer be used + to adjust each component of a timestamp. If point is at the + beginning of the stamp, {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} and {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} change + the stamp by one day, just like {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} + {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}}. At the end of the stamp, change the time by one + minute. + +- If the timestamp contains a range of clock times or a repeater, + these are not overlaid, but remain in the buffer as they were. + +- When you delete a timestamp character-by-character, it only + disappears from the buffer after /all/ (invisible) characters + belonging to the ISO timestamp have been removed. + +- If the custom timestamp format is longer than the default and you + are using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up. If + the custom format is shorter, things do work as expected. + +** Deadlines and Scheduling +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Planning your work. +:END: + +A timestamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate +planning. Both the timestamp and the keyword have to be positioned +immediately after the task they refer to. + +- =DEADLINE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{DEADLINE} marker + Meaning: the task---most likely a TODO item, though not + necessarily---is supposed to be finished on that date. + + #+vindex: org-deadline-warning-days + On the deadline date, the task is listed in the agenda. In + addition, the agenda for /today/ carries a warning about the + approaching or missed deadline, starting ~org-deadline-warning-days~ + before the due date, and continuing until the entry is marked as + done. An example: + + #+begin_example + ,*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide + DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun> + The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]] + #+end_example + + #+vindex: org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled + You can specify a different lead time for warnings for a specific + deadlines using the following syntax. Here is an example with + a warning period of 5 days =DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun -5d>=. This + warning is deactivated if the task gets scheduled and you set + ~org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled~ to ~t~. + +- =SCHEDULED= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SCHEDULED} marker + Meaning: you are planning to start working on that task on the given + date. + + #+vindex: org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done + The headline is listed under the given date[fn:65]. In addition, + a reminder that the scheduled date has passed is present in the + compilation for /today/, until the entry is marked as done, i.e., + the task is automatically forwarded until completed. + + #+begin_example + ,*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve. + SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat> + #+end_example + + #+vindex: org-scheduled-delay-days + #+vindex: org-agenda-skip-scheduled-delay-if-deadline + If you want to /delay/ the display of this task in the agenda, use + =SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat -2d>=: the task is still scheduled on + the 25th but will appear two days later. In case the task contains + a repeater, the delay is considered to affect all occurrences; if + you want the delay to only affect the first scheduled occurrence of + the task, use =--2d= instead. See ~org-scheduled-delay-days~ and + ~org-agenda-skip-scheduled-delay-if-deadline~ for details on how to + control this globally or per agenda. + + #+attr_texinfo: :tag Important + #+begin_quote + Scheduling an item in Org mode should /not/ be understood in the + same way that we understand /scheduling a meeting/. Setting a date + for a meeting is just a simple appointment, you should mark this + entry with a simple plain timestamp, to get this item shown on the + date where it applies. This is a frequent misunderstanding by Org + users. In Org mode, /scheduling/ means setting a date when you want + to start working on an action item. + #+end_quote + +You may use timestamps with repeaters in scheduling and deadline +entries. Org mode issues early and late warnings based on the +assumption that the timestamp represents the /nearest instance/ of the +repeater. However, the use of diary expression entries like + +: <%%(diary-float t 42)> + +#+texinfo: @noindent +in scheduling and deadline timestamps is limited. Org mode does not +know enough about the internals of each function to issue early and +late warnings. However, it shows the item on each day where the +expression entry matches. + +*** Inserting deadlines or schedules +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Planning items. +:ALT_TITLE: Inserting deadline/schedule +:END: + +The following commands allow you to quickly insert a deadline or to +schedule an item:[fn:66] + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-d)}}} (~org-deadline~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-d + #+findex: org-deadline + #+vindex: org-log-redeadline + Insert =DEADLINE= keyword along with a stamp. The insertion happens + in the line directly following the headline. Remove any =CLOSED= + timestamp . When called with a prefix argument, also remove any + existing deadline from the entry. Depending on the variable + ~org-log-redeadline~, take a note when changing an existing + deadline[fn:67]. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-s)}}} (~org-schedule~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-s + #+findex: org-schedule + #+vindex: org-log-reschedule + Insert =SCHEDULED= keyword along with a stamp. The insertion + happens in the line directly following the headline. Remove any + =CLOSED= timestamp. When called with a prefix argument, also remove + the scheduling date from the entry. Depending on the variable + ~org-log-reschedule~, take a note when changing an existing + scheduling time[fn:68]. + +- {{{kbd(C-c / d)}}} (~org-check-deadlines~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c / d + #+findex: org-check-deadlines + #+cindex: sparse tree, for deadlines + #+vindex: org-deadline-warning-days + Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due, or + which will become due within ~org-deadline-warning-days~. With + {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, show all deadlines in the file. With + a numeric prefix, check that many days. For example, {{{kbd(C-1 C-c + / d)}}} shows all deadlines due tomorrow. + +- {{{kbd(C-c / b)}}} (~org-check-before-date~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c / b + #+findex: org-check-before-date + Sparse tree for deadlines and scheduled items before a given date. + +- {{{kbd(C-c / a)}}} (~org-check-after-date~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c / a + #+findex: org-check-after-date + Sparse tree for deadlines and scheduled items after a given date. + +Note that ~org-schedule~ and ~org-deadline~ supports setting the date +by indicating a relative time e.g., =+1d= sets the date to the next +day after today, and =--1w= sets the date to the previous week before +any current timestamp. + +*** Repeated tasks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Items that show up again and again. +:END: +#+cindex: tasks, repeated +#+cindex: repeated tasks + +Some tasks need to be repeated again and again. Org mode helps to +organize such tasks using a so-called repeater in a =DEADLINE=, +=SCHEDULED=, or plain timestamps[fn:69]. In the following example: + +#+begin_example +,** TODO Pay the rent + DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m> +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +the =+1m= is a repeater; the intended interpretation is that the task +has a deadline on =<2005-10-01>= and repeats itself every (one) month +starting from that time. You can use yearly, monthly, weekly, daily +and hourly repeat cookies by using the =y=, =m=, =w=, =d= and =h= +letters. If you need both a repeater and a special warning period in +a deadline entry, the repeater should come first and the warning +period last + +: DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m -3d> + +#+vindex: org-todo-repeat-to-state +Deadlines and scheduled items produce entries in the agenda when they +are over-due, so it is important to be able to mark such an entry as +done once you have done so. When you mark a =DEADLINE= or +a =SCHEDULED= with the TODO keyword =DONE=, it no longer produces +entries in the agenda. The problem with this is, however, is that +then also the /next/ instance of the repeated entry will not be +active. Org mode deals with this in the following way: when you try +to mark such an entry as done, using {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}}, it shifts the +base date of the repeating timestamp by the repeater interval, and +immediately sets the entry state back to TODO[fn:70]. In the example +above, setting the state to =DONE= would actually switch the date like +this: + +#+begin_example +,** TODO Pay the rent + DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue +1m> +#+end_example + +To mark a task with a repeater as DONE, use {{{kbd(C-- 1 C-c C-t)}}}, +i.e., ~org-todo~ with a numeric prefix argument of =-1=. + +#+vindex: org-log-repeat +A timestamp[fn:71] is added under the deadline, to keep a record that +you actually acted on the previous instance of this deadline. + +As a consequence of shifting the base date, this entry is no longer +visible in the agenda when checking past dates, but all future +instances will be visible. + +With the =+1m= cookie, the date shift is always exactly one month. So +if you have not paid the rent for three months, marking this entry +DONE still keeps it as an overdue deadline. Depending on the task, +this may not be the best way to handle it. For example, if you forgot +to call your father for 3 weeks, it does not make sense to call him +3 times in a single day to make up for it. Finally, there are tasks, +like changing batteries, which should always repeat a certain time +/after/ the last time you did it. For these tasks, Org mode has +special repeaters =++= and =.+=. For example: + +#+begin_example +,** TODO Call Father + DEADLINE: <2008-02-10 Sun ++1w> + Marking this DONE shifts the date by at least one week, but also + by as many weeks as it takes to get this date into the future. + However, it stays on a Sunday, even if you called and marked it + done on Saturday. + +,** TODO Empty kitchen trash + DEADLINE: <2008-02-08 Fri 20:00 ++1d> + Marking this DONE shifts the date by at least one day, and also + by as many days as it takes to get the timestamp into the future. + Since there is a time in the timestamp, the next deadline in the + future will be on today's date if you complete the task before + 20:00. + +,** TODO Check the batteries in the smoke detectors + DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue .+1m> + Marking this DONE shifts the date to one month after today. + +,** TODO Wash my hands + DEADLINE: <2019-04-05 08:00 Sun .+1h> + Marking this DONE shifts the date to exactly one hour from now. +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-deadline-is-shown +You may have both scheduling and deadline information for a specific +task. If the repeater is set for the scheduling information only, you +probably want the repeater to be ignored after the deadline. If so, +set the variable ~org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-deadline-is-shown~ to +~repeated-after-deadline~. However, any scheduling information +without a repeater is no longer relevant once the task is done, and +thus, removed upon repeating the task. If you want both scheduling +and deadline information to repeat after the same interval, set the +same repeater for both timestamps. + +An alternative to using a repeater is to create a number of copies of +a task subtree, with dates shifted in each copy. The command +{{{kbd(C-c C-x c)}}} was created for this purpose; it is described in +[[*Structure Editing]]. + +** Clocking Work Time +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tracking how long you spend on a task. +:END: +#+cindex: clocking time +#+cindex: time clocking + +Org mode allows you to clock the time you spend on specific tasks in +a project. When you start working on an item, you can start the +clock. When you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task +done, the clock is stopped and the corresponding time interval is +recorded. It also computes the total time spent on each +subtree[fn:72] of a project. And it remembers a history or tasks +recently clocked, so that you can jump quickly between a number of +tasks absorbing your time. + +To save the clock history across Emacs sessions, use: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-clock-persist 'history) +(org-clock-persistence-insinuate) +#+end_src + +#+vindex: org-clock-persist +When you clock into a new task after resuming Emacs, the incomplete +clock[fn:73] is retrieved (see [[*Resolving idle time]]) and you are +prompted about what to do with it. + +*** Clocking commands +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Starting and stopping a clock. +:END: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-i)}}} (~org-clock-in~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-i + #+findex: org-clock-in + #+vindex: org-clock-into-drawer + #+vindex: org-clock-continuously + #+cindex: @samp{LOG_INTO_DRAWER}, property + Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the + =CLOCK= keyword together with a timestamp. If this is not the first + clocking of this item, the multiple =CLOCK= lines are wrapped into + a =LOGBOOK= drawer (see also the variable ~org-clock-into-drawer~). + You can also overrule the setting of this variable for a subtree by + setting a =CLOCK_INTO_DRAWER= or =LOG_INTO_DRAWER= property. When + called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, select the task from + a list of recently clocked tasks. With two {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} + prefixes, clock into the task at point and mark it as the default + task; the default task is always be available with letter + {{{kbd(d)}}} when selecting a clocking task. With three {{{kbd(C-u + C-u C-u)}}} prefixes, force continuous clocking by starting the + clock when the last clock stopped. + + #+cindex: @samp{CLOCK_MODELINE_TOTAL}, property + #+cindex: @samp{LAST_REPEAT}, property + #+vindex: org-clock-mode-line-total + #+vindex: org-clock-in-prepare-hook + While the clock is running, Org shows the current clocking time in + the mode line, along with the title of the task. The clock time + shown is all time ever clocked for this task and its children. If + the task has an effort estimate (see [[*Effort Estimates]]), the mode + line displays the current clocking time against it[fn:74]. If the + task is a repeating one (see [[*Repeated tasks]]), show only the time + since the last reset of the task[fn:75]. You can exercise more + control over show time with the =CLOCK_MODELINE_TOTAL= property. It + may have the values =current= to show only the current clocking + instance, =today= to show all time clocked on this tasks today---see + also the variable ~org-extend-today-until~, ~all~ to include all + time, or ~auto~ which is the default[fn:76]. Clicking with + {{{kbd(mouse-1)}}} onto the mode line entry pops up a menu with + clocking options. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-o)}}} (~org-clock-out~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-o + #+findex: org-clock-out + #+vindex: org-log-note-clock-out + Stop the clock (clock-out). This inserts another timestamp at the + same location where the clock was last started. It also directly + computes the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as + ==>HH:MM=. See the variable ~org-log-note-clock-out~ for the + possibility to record an additional note together with the clock-out + timestamp[fn:77]. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-x)}}} (~org-clock-in-last~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-x + #+findex: org-clock-in-last + #+vindex: org-clock-continuously + Re-clock the last clocked task. With one {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix + argument, select the task from the clock history. With two + {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefixes, force continuous clocking by starting the + clock when the last clock stopped. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-e)}}} (~org-clock-modify-effort-estimate~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-e + #+findex: org-clock-modify-effort-estimate + Update the effort estimate for the current clock task. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-y)}}} (~org-evaluate-time-range~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+kindex: C-c C-y + #+findex: org-evaluate-time-range + Recompute the time interval after changing one of the timestamps. + This is only necessary if you edit the timestamps directly. If you + change them with {{{kbd(S-)}}} keys, the update is + automatic. + +- {{{kbd(C-S-UP)}}} (~org-clock-timestamps-up~), {{{kbd(C-S-DOWN)}}} (~org-clock-timestamps-down~) :: + + #+kindex: C-S-UP + #+findex: org-clock-timestamps-up + #+kindex: C-S-DOWN + #+findex: org-clock-timestamps-down + On CLOCK log lines, increase/decrease both timestamps so that the + clock duration keeps the same value. + +- {{{kbd(S-M-UP)}}} (~org-timestamp-up~), {{{kbd(S-M-DOWN)}}} (~org-timestamp-down~) :: + + #+kindex: S-M-UP + #+findex: org-clock-timestamp-up + #+kindex: S-M-DOWN + #+findex: org-clock-timestamp-down + On =CLOCK= log lines, increase/decrease the timestamp at point and + the one of the previous, or the next, clock timestamp by the same + duration. For example, if you hit {{{kbd(S-M-UP)}}} to increase + a clocked-out timestamp by five minutes, then the clocked-in + timestamp of the next clock is increased by five minutes. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} (~org-todo~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-t + #+findex: org-todo + Changing the TODO state of an item to DONE automatically stops the + clock if it is running in this same item. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-q)}}} (~org-clock-cancel~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-q + #+findex: org-clock-cancel + Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by + mistake, or if you ended up working on something else. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-j)}}} (~org-clock-goto~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-j + #+findex: or-clock-goto + Jump to the headline of the currently clocked in task. With + a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, select the target task from a list + of recently clocked tasks. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-d)}}} (~org-clock-display~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-d + #+findex: org-clock-display + #+vindex: org-remove-highlights-with-change + Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer. This + puts overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total time + recorded under that heading, including the time of any subheadings. + You can use visibility cycling to study the tree, but the overlays + disappear when you change the buffer (see variable + ~org-remove-highlights-with-change~) or press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}. + +The {{{kbd(l)}}} key may be used in the agenda (see [[*Weekly/daily +agenda]]) to show which tasks have been worked on or closed during +a day. + +*Important:* note that both ~org-clock-out~ and ~org-clock-in-last~ +can have a global keybinding and do not modify the window disposition. + +*** The clock table +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Detailed reports. +:END: +#+cindex: clocktable, dynamic block +#+cindex: report, of clocked time + +Org mode can produce quite complex reports based on the time clocking +information. Such a report is called a /clock table/, because it is +formatted as one or several Org tables. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- ~org-clock-report~ :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x x + #+findex: org-clock-report + Insert or update a clock table. When called with a prefix argument, + jump to the first clock table in the current document and update it. + The clock table includes archived trees. + + This command can be invoked by calling + ~org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock~ ({{{kbd(C-c C-x x)}}}) and + selecting "clocktable" (see [[*Dynamic Blocks]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-u)}}} (~org-dblock-update~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-u + #+findex: org-dblock-update + Update dynamic block at point. Point needs to be in the =BEGIN= + line of the dynamic block. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x C-u)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x C-u + Update all dynamic blocks (see [[*Dynamic Blocks]]). This is useful if + you have several clock table blocks in a buffer. + +- {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}}, {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-clocktable-try-shift~) :: + + #+kindex: S-LEFT + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+findex: org-clocktable-try-shift + Shift the current =:block= interval and update the table. Point + needs to be in the =#+BEGIN: clocktable= line for this command. If + =:block= is =today=, it is shifted to =today-1=, etc. + +Here is an example of the frame for a clock table as it is inserted +into the buffer by ~org-clock-report~: + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN clocktable} +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil :scope file +,#+END: clocktable +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-clocktable-defaults +The =#+BEGIN= line contains options to define the scope, structure, +and formatting of the report. Defaults for all these options can be +configured in the variable ~org-clocktable-defaults~. + +First there are options that determine which clock entries are to +be selected: + +- =:maxlevel= :: + + Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table. Clocks + at deeper levels are summed into the upper level. + +- =:scope= :: + + The scope to consider. This can be any of the following: + + | =nil= | the current buffer or narrowed region | + | =file= | the full current buffer | + | =subtree= | the subtree where the clocktable is located | + | =treeN= | the surrounding level N tree, for example =tree3= | + | =tree= | the surrounding level 1 tree | + | =agenda= | all agenda files | + | =("file" ...)= | scan these files | + | =FUNCTION= | scan files returned by calling {{{var(FUNCTION)}}} with no argument | + | =file-with-archives= | current file and its archives | + | =agenda-with-archives= | all agenda files, including archives | + +- =:block= :: + + The time block to consider. This block is specified either + absolutely, or relative to the current time and may be any of these + formats: + + | =2007-12-31= | New year eve 2007 | + | =2007-12= | December 2007 | + | =2007-W50= | ISO-week 50 in 2007 | + | =2007-Q2= | 2nd quarter in 2007 | + | =2007= | the year 2007 | + | =today=, =yesterday=, =today-N= | a relative day | + | =thisweek=, =lastweek=, =thisweek-N= | a relative week | + | =thismonth=, =lastmonth=, =thismonth-N= | a relative month | + | =thisyear=, =lastyear=, =thisyear-N= | a relative year | + | =untilnow=[fn:78] | all clocked time ever | + + #+vindex: org-clock-display-default-range + When this option is not set, Org falls back to the value in + ~org-clock-display-default-range~, which defaults to the current + year. + + Use {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} or {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} to shift the time + interval. + +- =:tstart= :: + + A time string specifying when to start considering times. Relative + times like ="<-2w>"= can also be used. See [[*Matching tags and + properties]] for relative time syntax. + +- =:tend= :: + + A time string specifying when to stop considering times. Relative + times like =""= can also be used. See [[*Matching tags and + properties]] for relative time syntax. + +- =:wstart= :: + + The starting day of the week. The default is 1 for Monday. + +- =:mstart= :: + + The starting day of the month. The default is 1 for the first. + +- =:step= :: + + Set to =day=, =week=, =semimonth=, =month=, or =year= to split the + table into chunks. To use this, either =:block=, or =:tstart= and + =:tend= are required. + +- =:stepskip0= :: + + When non-~nil~, do not show steps that have zero time. + +- =:fileskip0= :: + + When non-~nil~, do not show table sections from files which did not + contribute. + +- =:match= :: + + A tags match to select entries that should contribute. See + [[*Matching tags and properties]] for the match syntax. + +#+findex: org-clocktable-write-default +Then there are options that determine the formatting of the table. +There options are interpreted by the function +~org-clocktable-write-default~, but you can specify your own function +using the =:formatter= parameter. + +- =:emphasize= :: + + When non-~nil~, emphasize level one and level two items. + +- =:lang= :: + + Language[fn:79] to use for descriptive cells like "Task". + +- =:link= :: + + Link the item headlines in the table to their origins. + +- =:narrow= :: + + An integer to limit the width of the headline column in the Org + table. If you write it like =50!=, then the headline is also + shortened in export. + +- =:indent= :: + + Indent each headline field according to its level. + +- =:hidefiles= :: + + Hide the file column when multiple files are used to produce the + table. + +- =:tcolumns= :: + + Number of columns to be used for times. If this is smaller than + =:maxlevel=, lower levels are lumped into one column. + +- =:level= :: + + Should a level number column be included? + +- =:sort= :: + + A cons cell containing the column to sort and a sorting type. E.g., + =:sort (1 . ?a)= sorts the first column alphabetically. + +- =:compact= :: + + Abbreviation for =:level nil :indent t :narrow 40! :tcolumns 1=. + All are overwritten except if there is an explicit =:narrow=. + +- =:timestamp= :: + + A timestamp for the entry, when available. Look for =SCHEDULED=, + =DEADLINE=, =TIMESTAMP= and =TIMESTAMP_IA= special properties (see + [[*Special Properties]]), in this order. + +- =:tags= :: + + When this flag is non-~nil~, show the headline's tags. + +- =:properties= :: + + List of properties shown in the table. Each property gets its own + column. + +- =:inherit-props= :: + + When this flag is non-~nil~, the values for =:properties= are + inherited. + +- =:formula= :: + + Content of a =TBLFM= keyword to be added and evaluated. As + a special case, =:formula %= adds a column with % time. If you do + not specify a formula here, any existing formula below the clock + table survives updates and is evaluated. + +- =:formatter= :: + + A function to format clock data and insert it into the buffer. + +To get a clock summary of the current level 1 tree, for the current +day, you could write: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today :scope tree1 :link t +,#+END: clocktable +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +To use a specific time range you could write[fn:80] + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>" + :tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>" +,#+END: clocktable +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +A range starting a week ago and ending right now could be written as + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<-1w>" :tend "" +,#+END: clocktable +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +A summary of the current subtree with % times would be + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope subtree :link t :formula % +,#+END: clocktable +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +A horizontally compact representation of everything clocked during +last week would be + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope agenda :block lastweek :compact t +,#+END: clocktable +#+end_example + +*** Resolving idle time and continuous clocking +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Resolving time when you've been idle. +:ALT_TITLE: Resolving idle time +:END: + +**** Resolving idle time +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: resolve idle time +#+cindex: idle, resolve, dangling + +If you clock in on a work item, and then walk away from your +computer---perhaps to take a phone call---you often need to +"resolve" the time you were away by either subtracting it from the +current clock, or applying it to another one. + +#+vindex: org-clock-idle-time +#+vindex: org-clock-x11idle-program-name +By customizing the variable ~org-clock-idle-time~ to some integer, +such as 10 or 15, Emacs can alert you when you get back to your +computer after being idle for that many minutes[fn:81], and ask what +you want to do with the idle time. There will be a question waiting +for you when you get back, indicating how much idle time has passed +constantly updated with the current amount, as well as a set of +choices to correct the discrepancy: + +- {{{kbd(k)}}} :: + + #+kindex: k + To keep some or all of the minutes and stay clocked in, press + {{{kbd(k)}}}. Org asks how many of the minutes to keep. Press + {{{kbd(RET)}}} to keep them all, effectively changing nothing, or + enter a number to keep that many minutes. + +- {{{kbd(K)}}} :: + + #+kindex: K + If you use the shift key and press {{{kbd(K)}}}, it keeps however + many minutes you request and then immediately clock out of that + task. If you keep all of the minutes, this is the same as just + clocking out of the current task. + +- {{{kbd(s)}}} :: + + #+kindex: s + To keep none of the minutes, use {{{kbd(s)}}} to subtract all the + away time from the clock, and then check back in from the moment you + returned. + +- {{{kbd(S)}}} :: + + #+kindex: S + To keep none of the minutes and just clock out at the start of the + away time, use the shift key and press {{{kbd(S)}}}. Remember that + using shift always leave you clocked out, no matter which option you + choose. + +- {{{kbd(C)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C + To cancel the clock altogether, use {{{kbd(C)}}}. Note that if + instead of canceling you subtract the away time, and the resulting + clock amount is less than a minute, the clock is still canceled + rather than cluttering up the log with an empty entry. + +What if you subtracted those away minutes from the current clock, and +now want to apply them to a new clock? Simply clock in to any task +immediately after the subtraction. Org will notice that you have +subtracted time "on the books", so to speak, and will ask if you want +to apply those minutes to the next task you clock in on. + +There is one other instance when this clock resolution magic occurs. +Say you were clocked in and hacking away, and suddenly your cat chased +a mouse who scared a hamster that crashed into your UPS's power +button! You suddenly lose all your buffers, but thanks to auto-save +you still have your recent Org mode changes, including your last clock +in. + +If you restart Emacs and clock into any task, Org will notice that you +have a dangling clock which was never clocked out from your last +session. Using that clock's starting time as the beginning of the +unaccounted-for period, Org will ask how you want to resolve that +time. The logic and behavior is identical to dealing with away time +due to idleness; it is just happening due to a recovery event rather +than a set amount of idle time. + +You can also check all the files visited by your Org agenda for +dangling clocks at any time using {{{kbd(M-x org-resolve-clocks +RET)}}} (or {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-z)}}}). + +**** Continuous clocking +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: continuous clocking + +#+vindex: org-clock-continuously +You may want to start clocking from the time when you clocked out the +previous task. To enable this systematically, set +~org-clock-continuously~ to non-~nil~. Each time you clock in, Org +retrieves the clock-out time of the last clocked entry for this +session, and start the new clock from there. + +If you only want this from time to time, use three universal prefix +arguments with ~org-clock-in~ and two {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} with +~org-clock-in-last~. + +**** Clocking out automatically after some idle time +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: auto clocking out after idle time + +#+vindex: org-clock-auto-clockout-timer +When you often forget to clock out before being idle and you don't +want to manually set the clocking time to take into account, you can +set ~org-clock-auto-clockout-timer~ to a number of seconds and add +=(org-clock-auto-clockout-insinuate)= to your =.emacs= file. + +When the clock is running and Emacs is idle for more than this number +of seconds, the clock will be clocked out automatically. + +Use =M-x org-clock-toggle-auto-clockout RET= to temporarily turn this +on or off. + +** Effort Estimates +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Planning work effort in advance. +:END: +#+cindex: effort estimates +#+cindex: @samp{EFFORT}, property +#+vindex: org-effort-property + +If you want to plan your work in a very detailed way, or if you need +to produce offers with quotations of the estimated work effort, you +may want to assign effort estimates to entries. If you are also +clocking your work, you may later want to compare the planned effort +with the actual working time, a great way to improve planning +estimates. + +Effort estimates are stored in a special property =EFFORT=. Multiple +formats are supported, such as =3:12=, =1:23:45=, or =1d3h5min=; see +the file =org-duration.el= for more detailed information about the +format. + +You can set the effort for an entry with the following commands: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x e)}}} (~org-set-effort~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x e + #+findex: org-set-effort + Set the effort estimate for the current entry. With a prefix + argument, set it to the next allowed value---see below. This + command is also accessible from the agenda with the {{{kbd(e)}}} + key. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-e)}}} (~org-clock-modify-effort-estimate~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-e + #+findex: org-clock-modify-effort-estimate + Modify the effort estimate of the item currently being clocked. + +Clearly the best way to work with effort estimates is through column +view (see [[*Column View]]). You should start by setting up discrete +values for effort estimates, and a =COLUMNS= format that displays +these values together with clock sums---if you want to clock your +time. For a specific buffer you can use: + +#+begin_example +,#+PROPERTY: Effort_ALL 0 0:10 0:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 +,#+COLUMNS: %40ITEM(Task) %17Effort(Estimated Effort){:} %CLOCKSUM +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +#+vindex: org-global-properties +#+vindex: org-columns-default-format +or, even better, you can set up these values globally by customizing +the variables ~org-global-properties~ and +~org-columns-default-format~. In particular if you want to use this +setup also in the agenda, a global setup may be advised. + +The way to assign estimates to individual items is then to switch to +column mode, and to use {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} and {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} to +change the value. The values you enter are immediately summed up in +the hierarchy. In the column next to it, any clocked time is +displayed. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum +If you switch to column view in the daily/weekly agenda, the effort +column summarizes the estimated work effort for each day[fn:82], and +you can use this to find space in your schedule. To get an overview +of the entire part of the day that is committed, you can set the +option ~org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum~. The +appointments on a day that take place over a specified time interval +are then also added to the load estimate of the day. + +Effort estimates can be used in secondary agenda filtering that is +triggered with the {{{kbd(/)}}} key in the agenda (see [[*Commands in +the Agenda Buffer]]). If you have these estimates defined consistently, +two or three key presses narrow down the list to stuff that fits into +an available time slot. + +** Taking Notes with a Relative Timer +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Notes with a running timer. +:ALT_TITLE: Timers +:END: +#+cindex: relative timer +#+cindex: countdown timer + +Org provides two types of timers. There is a relative timer that +counts up, which can be useful when taking notes during, for example, +a meeting or a video viewing. There is also a countdown timer. + +The relative and countdown are started with separate commands. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x 0)}}} (~org-timer-start~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x 0 + #+findex: org-timer-start + Start or reset the relative timer. By default, the timer is set + to 0. When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, prompt the user for + a starting offset. If there is a timer string at point, this is + taken as the default, providing a convenient way to restart taking + notes after a break in the process. When called with a double + prefix argument {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}}, change all timer strings in the + active region by a certain amount. This can be used to fix timer + strings if the timer was not started at exactly the right moment. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x ;)}}} (~org-timer-set-timer~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x ; + #+findex: org-timer-set-timer + #+vindex: org-timer-default-timer + Start a countdown timer. The user is prompted for a duration. + ~org-timer-default-timer~ sets the default countdown value. Giving + a numeric prefix argument overrides this default value. This + command is available as {{{kbd(;)}}} in agenda buffers. + +Once started, relative and countdown timers are controlled with the +same commands. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x .)}}} (~org-timer~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x . + #+findex: org-timer + Insert a relative time into the buffer. The first time you use + this, the timer starts. Using a prefix argument restarts it. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x -)}}} (~org-timer-item~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x - + #+findex: org-timer-item + Insert a description list item with the current relative time. With + a prefix argument, first reset the timer to 0. + +- {{{kbd(M-RET)}}} (~org-insert-heading~) :: + + #+kindex: M-RET + #+findex: org-insert-heading + Once the timer list is started, you can also use {{{kbd(M-RET)}}} to + insert new timer items. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x \,)}}} (~org-timer-pause-or-continue~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x , + #+findex: org-timer-pause-or-continue + Pause the timer, or continue it if it is already paused. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x _)}}} (~org-timer-stop~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x _ + #+findex: org-timer-stop + Stop the timer. After this, you can only start a new timer, not + continue the old one. This command also removes the timer from the + mode line. + +* Refiling and Archiving +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Moving and copying information with ease. +:END: +#+cindex: refiling notes +#+cindex: copying notes +#+cindex: archiving + +Once information is in the system, it may need to be moved around. +Org provides Refile, Copy and Archive commands for this. Refile and +Copy helps with moving and copying outlines. Archiving helps to keep +the system compact and fast. + +** Refile and Copy +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another. +:END: +#+cindex: refiling notes +#+cindex: copying notes + +When reviewing the captured data, you may want to refile or to copy +some of the entries into a different list, for example into a project. +Cutting, finding the right location, and then pasting the note is +cumbersome. To simplify this process, you can use the following +special command: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}} (~org-refile~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-w + #+findex: org-refile + #+vindex: org-reverse-note-order + #+vindex: org-refile-targets + #+vindex: org-refile-use-outline-path + #+vindex: org-outline-path-complete-in-steps + #+vindex: org-refile-allow-creating-parent-nodes + #+vindex: org-log-refile + Refile the entry or region at point. This command offers possible + locations for refiling the entry and lets you select one with + completion. The item (or all items in the region) is filed below + the target heading as a subitem. Depending on + ~org-reverse-note-order~, it is either the first or last subitem. + + By default, all level 1 headlines in the current buffer are + considered to be targets, but you can have more complex definitions + across a number of files. See the variable ~org-refile-targets~ for + details. If you would like to select a location via + a file-path-like completion along the outline path, see the + variables ~org-refile-use-outline-path~ and + ~org-outline-path-complete-in-steps~. If you would like to be able + to create new nodes as new parents for refiling on the fly, check + the variable ~org-refile-allow-creating-parent-nodes~. When the + variable ~org-log-refile~[fn:83] is set, a timestamp or a note is + recorded whenever an entry is refiled. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-w)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-w + Use the refile interface to jump to a heading. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-w)}}} (~org-refile-goto-last-stored~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c C-w + #+findex: org-refile-goto-last-stored + Jump to the location where ~org-refile~ last moved a tree to. + +- {{{kbd(C-2 C-c C-w)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-2 C-c C-w + Refile as the child of the item currently being clocked. + +- {{{kbd(C-3 C-c C-w)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-3 C-c C-w + #+vindex: org-refile-keep + Refile and keep the entry in place. Also see ~org-refile-keep~ to + make this the default behavior, and beware that this may result in + duplicated =ID= properties. + +- {{{kbd(C-0 C-c C-w)}}} or {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u C-c C-w)}}} (~org-refile-cache-clear~) :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-u C-c C-w + #+kindex: C-0 C-c C-w + #+findex: org-refile-cache-clear + #+vindex: org-refile-use-cache + Clear the target cache. Caching of refile targets can be turned on + by setting ~org-refile-use-cache~. To make the command see new + possible targets, you have to clear the cache with this command. + +- {{{kbd(C-c M-w)}}} (~org-refile-copy~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c M-w + #+findex: org-refile-copy + Copying works like refiling, except that the original note is not + deleted. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-M-w)}}} (~org-refile-reverse~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-M-w + #+findex: org-refile-reverse + Works like refiling, except that it temporarily toggles how the + value of ~org-reverse-note-order~ applies to the current buffer. So + if ~org-refile~ would append the entry as the last entry under the + target header, ~org-refile-reverse~ will prepend it as the first + entry, and vice-versa. + +** Archiving +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What to do with finished products. +:END: +#+cindex: archiving + +When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want to +move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the +agenda. Archiving is important to keep your working files compact and +global searches like the construction of agenda views fast. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-a)}}} (~org-archive-subtree-default~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-a + #+findex: org-archive-subtree-default + #+vindex: org-archive-default-command + Archive the current entry using the command specified in the + variable ~org-archive-default-command~. + +*** Moving a tree to an archive file +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Moving a tree to an archive file. +:ALT_TITLE: Moving subtrees +:END: +#+cindex: external archiving + +The most common archiving action is to move a project tree to another +file, the archive file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-s)}}} or short {{{kbd(C-c $)}}} (~org-archive-subtree~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-s + #+kindex: C-c $ + #+findex: org-archive-subtree + #+vindex: org-archive-location + Archive the subtree starting at point position to the location given + by ~org-archive-location~. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x C-s)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x C-s + Check if any direct children of the current headline could be moved + to the archive. To do this, check each subtree for open TODO + entries. If none is found, the command offers to move it to the + archive location. If point is /not/ on a headline when this command + is invoked, check level 1 trees. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-x C-s)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c C-x C-s + As above, but check subtree for timestamps instead of TODO entries. + The command offers to archive the subtree if it /does/ contain + a timestamp, and that timestamp is in the past. + +#+cindex: archive locations +The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the +current file, with the name derived by appending =_archive= to the +current file name. You can also choose what heading to file archived +items under, with the possibility to add them to a datetree in a file. +For information and examples on how to specify the file and the +heading, see the documentation string of the variable +~org-archive-location~. + +There is also an in-buffer option for setting this variable, for +example: + +#+cindex: @samp{ARCHIVE}, keyword +: #+ARCHIVE: %s_done:: + +#+cindex: ARCHIVE, property +If you would like to have a special archive location for a single +entry or a (sub)tree, give the entry an =ARCHIVE= property with the +location as the value (see [[*Properties and Columns]]). + +#+vindex: org-archive-save-context-info +When a subtree is moved, it receives a number of special properties +that record context information like the file from where the entry +came, its outline path the archiving time etc. Configure the variable +~org-archive-save-context-info~ to adjust the amount of information +added. + +#+vindex: org-archive-subtree-save-file-p +When ~org-archive-subtree-save-file-p~ is non-~nil~, save the target +archive buffer. + +*** Internal archiving +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Switch off a tree but keep it in the file. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{ARCHIVE}, tag +If you want to just switch off---for agenda views---certain subtrees +without moving them to a different file, you can use the =ARCHIVE= +tag. + +A headline that is marked with the =ARCHIVE= tag (see [[*Tags]]) stays at +its location in the outline tree, but behaves in the following way: + +- + #+vindex: org-cycle-open-archived-trees + It does not open when you attempt to do so with a visibility cycling + command (see [[*Visibility Cycling]]). You can force cycling archived + subtrees with {{{kbd(C-TAB)}}}, or by setting the option + ~org-cycle-open-archived-trees~. Also normal outline commands, like + ~outline-show-all~, open archived subtrees. + +- + #+vindex: org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees + During sparse tree construction (see [[*Sparse Trees]]), matches in + archived subtrees are not exposed, unless you configure the option + ~org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees~. + +- + #+vindex: org-agenda-skip-archived-trees + During agenda view construction (see [[*Agenda Views]]), the content of + archived trees is ignored unless you configure the option + ~org-agenda-skip-archived-trees~, in which case these trees are + always included. In the agenda you can press {{{kbd(v a)}}} to get + archives temporarily included. + +- + #+vindex: org-export-with-archived-trees + Archived trees are not exported (see [[*Exporting]]), only the headline + is. Configure the details using the variable + ~org-export-with-archived-trees~. + +- + #+vindex: org-columns-skip-archived-trees + Archived trees are excluded from column view unless the variable + ~org-columns-skip-archived-trees~ is configured to ~nil~. + +The following commands help manage the =ARCHIVE= tag: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x a)}}} (~org-toggle-archive-tag~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x a + #+findex: org-toggle-archive-tag + Toggle the archive tag for the current headline. When the tag is + set, the headline changes to a shadowed face, and the subtree below + it is hidden. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x a)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x a + Check if any direct children of the current headline should be + archived. To do this, check each subtree for open TODO entries. If + none is found, the command offers to set the =ARCHIVE= tag for the + child. If point is /not/ on a headline when this command is + invoked, check the level 1 trees. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-TAB)}}} (~org-force-cycle-archived~) :: + + #+kindex: C-TAB + Cycle a tree even if it is tagged with =ARCHIVE=. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x A)}}} (~org-archive-to-archive-sibling~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x A + #+findex: org-archive-to-archive-sibling + Move the current entry to the /Archive Sibling/. This is a sibling + of the entry with the heading =Archive= and the archive tag. The + entry becomes a child of that sibling and in this way retains a lot + of its original context, including inherited tags and approximate + position in the outline. + +* Capture and Attachments +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Dealing with external data. +:END: +#+cindex: capture +#+cindex: attachments +#+cindex: RSS feeds +#+cindex: Atom feeds +#+cindex: protocols, for external access + +An important part of any organization system is the ability to quickly +capture new ideas and tasks, and to associate reference material with +them. Org does this using a process called /capture/. It also can +store files related to a task (/attachments/) in a special directory. +Finally, it can parse RSS feeds for information. To learn how to let +external programs (for example a web browser) trigger Org to capture +material, see [[*Protocols for External Access]]. + +** Capture +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Capturing new stuff. +:END: +#+cindex: capture + +Capture lets you quickly store notes with little interruption of your +work flow. Org's method for capturing new items is heavily inspired +by John Wiegley's excellent Remember package. + +*** Setting up capture +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Where notes will be stored. +:END: + +The following customization sets a default target file for notes. + +#+vindex: org-default-notes-file +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/notes.org")) +#+end_src + +You may also define a global key for capturing new material (see +[[*Activation]]). + +*** Using capture +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Commands to invoke and terminate capture. +:END: + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-capture)}}} (~org-capture~) :: + + #+findex: org-capture + #+cindex: date tree + Display the capture templates menu. If you have templates defined + (see [[*Capture templates]]), it offers these templates for selection or + use a new Org outline node as the default template. It inserts the + template into the target file and switch to an indirect buffer + narrowed to this new node. You may then insert the information you + want. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} (~org-capture-finalize~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c @r{(Capture buffer)} + #+findex: org-capture-finalize + Once you have finished entering information into the capture buffer, + {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} returns you to the window configuration before + the capture process, so that you can resume your work without + further distraction. When called with a prefix argument, finalize + and then jump to the captured item. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}} (~org-capture-refile~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-w @r{(Capture buffer)} + #+findex: org-capture-refile + Finalize the capture process by refiling the note to a different + place (see [[*Refile and Copy]]). Please realize that this is a normal + refiling command that will be executed---so point position at the + moment you run this command is important. If you have inserted + a tree with a parent and children, first move point back to the + parent. Any prefix argument given to this command is passed on to + the ~org-refile~ command. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-k)}}} (~org-capture-kill~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-k @r{(Capture buffer)} + #+findex: org-capture-kill + Abort the capture process and return to the previous state. + +#+kindex: k c @r{(Agenda)} +You can also call ~org-capture~ in a special way from the agenda, +using the {{{kbd(k c)}}} key combination. With this access, any +timestamps inserted by the selected capture template defaults to the +date at point in the agenda, rather than to the current date. + +To find the locations of the last stored capture, use ~org-capture~ +with prefix commands: + +- {{{kbd(C-u M-x org-capture)}}} :: + + Visit the target location of a capture template. You get to select + the template in the usual way. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-u M-x org-capture)}}} :: + + Visit the last stored capture item in its buffer. + +#+vindex: org-capture-bookmark +#+vindex: org-capture-last-stored +You can also jump to the bookmark ~org-capture-last-stored~, which is +automatically created unless you set ~org-capture-bookmark~ to ~nil~. + +To insert the capture at point in an Org buffer, call ~org-capture~ +with a {{{kbd(C-0)}}} prefix argument. + +*** Capture templates +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Define the outline of different note types. +:END: +#+cindex: templates, for Capture + +You can use templates for different types of capture items, and for +different target locations. The easiest way to create such templates +is through the customize interface. + +- {{{kbd(C)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C @r{(Capture menu} + #+vindex: org-capture-templates + Customize the variable ~org-capture-templates~. + +Before we give the formal description of template definitions, let's +look at an example. Say you would like to use one template to create +general TODO entries, and you want to put these entries under the +heading =Tasks= in your file =~/org/gtd.org=. Also, a date tree in +the file =journal.org= should capture journal entries. A possible +configuration would look like: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-capture-templates + '(("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline "~/org/gtd.org" "Tasks") + "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a") + ("j" "Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/journal.org") + "* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a"))) +#+end_src + +If you then press {{{kbd(t)}}} from the capture menu, Org will prepare +the template for you like this: + +#+begin_example +,* TODO + [[file:LINK TO WHERE YOU INITIATED CAPTURE]] +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +During expansion of the template, =%a= has been replaced by a link to +the location from where you called the capture command. This can be +extremely useful for deriving tasks from emails, for example. You +fill in the task definition, press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} and Org returns +you to the same place where you started the capture process. + +To define special keys to capture to a particular template without +going through the interactive template selection, you can create your +key binding like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(define-key global-map (kbd "C-c x") + (lambda () (interactive) (org-capture nil "x"))) +#+end_src + +**** Template elements +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What is needed for a complete template entry. +:END: + +Now lets look at the elements of a template definition. Each entry in +~org-capture-templates~ is a list with the following items: + +- keys :: + + The keys that selects the template, as a string, characters only, + for example ="a"=, for a template to be selected with a single key, + or ="bt"= for selection with two keys. When using several keys, + keys using the same prefix key must be sequential in the list and + preceded by a 2-element entry explaining the prefix key, for + example: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + ("b" "Templates for marking stuff to buy") + #+end_src + + If you do not define a template for the {{{kbd(C)}}} key, this key + opens the Customize buffer for this complex variable. + +- description :: + + A short string describing the template, shown during selection. + +- type :: + + The type of entry, a symbol. Valid values are: + + - ~entry~ :: + + An Org mode node, with a headline. Will be filed as the child of + the target entry or as a top-level entry. The target file should + be an Org file. + + - ~item~ :: + + A plain list item, placed in the first plain list at the target + location. Again the target file should be an Org file. + + - ~checkitem~ :: + + A checkbox item. This only differs from the plain list item by + the default template. + + - ~table-line~ :: + + A new line in the first table at the target location. Where + exactly the line will be inserted depends on the properties + ~:prepend~ and ~:table-line-pos~ (see below). + + - ~plain~ :: + + Text to be inserted as it is. + +- target :: + + #+vindex: org-default-notes-file + #+vindex: org-directory + Specification of where the captured item should be placed. In Org + files, targets usually define a node. Entries will become children + of this node. Other types will be added to the table or list in the + body of this node. Most target specifications contain a file name. + If that file name is the empty string, it defaults to + ~org-default-notes-file~. A file can also be given as a variable or + as a function called with no argument. When an absolute path is not + specified for a target, it is taken as relative to ~org-directory~. + + Valid values are: + + - =(file "path/to/file")= :: + + Text will be placed at the beginning or end of that file. + + - =(id "id of existing org entry")= :: + + Filing as child of this entry, or in the body of the entry. + + - =(file+headline "filename" "node headline")= :: + + Fast configuration if the target heading is unique in the file. + + - =(file+olp "filename" "Level 1 heading" "Level 2" ...)= :: + + For non-unique headings, the full path is safer. + + - =(file+regexp "filename" "regexp to find location")= :: + + Use a regular expression to position point. + + - =(file+olp+datetree "filename" [ "Level 1 heading" ...])= :: + + This target[fn:84] creates a heading in a date tree[fn:85] for + today's date. If the optional outline path is given, the tree + will be built under the node it is pointing to, instead of at top + level. Check out the ~:time-prompt~ and ~:tree-type~ properties + below for additional options. + + - =(file+function "filename" function-finding-location)= :: + + A function to find the right location in the file. + + - =(clock)= :: + + File to the entry that is currently being clocked. + + - =(function function-finding-location)= :: + + Most general way: write your own function which both visits the + file and moves point to the right location. + +- template :: + + The template for creating the capture item. If you leave this + empty, an appropriate default template will be used. Otherwise this + is a string with escape codes, which will be replaced depending on + time and context of the capture call. You may also get this + template string from a file[fn:86], or dynamically, from a function + using either syntax: + + : (file "/path/to/template-file") + : (function FUNCTION-RETURNING-THE-TEMPLATE) + +- properties :: + + The rest of the entry is a property list of additional options. + Recognized properties are: + + - ~:prepend~ :: + + Normally new captured information will be appended at the target + location (last child, last table line, last list item, ...). + Setting this property changes that. + + - ~:immediate-finish~ :: + + When set, do not offer to edit the information, just file it away + immediately. This makes sense if the template only needs + information that can be added automatically. + + - ~:jump-to-captured~ :: + + When set, jump to the captured entry when finished. + + - ~:empty-lines~ :: + + Set this to the number of lines to insert before and after the new + item. Default 0, and the only other common value is 1. + + - ~:empty-lines-after~ :: + + Set this to the number of lines that should be inserted after the + new item. Overrides ~:empty-lines~ for the number of lines + inserted after. + + - ~:empty-lines-before~ :: + + Set this to the number of lines that should be inserted before the + new item. Overrides ~:empty-lines~ for the number lines inserted + before. + + - ~:clock-in~ :: + + Start the clock in this item. + + - ~:clock-keep~ :: + + Keep the clock running when filing the captured entry. + + - ~:clock-resume~ :: + + If starting the capture interrupted a clock, restart that clock + when finished with the capture. Note that ~:clock-keep~ has + precedence over ~:clock-resume~. When setting both to non-~nil~, + the current clock will run and the previous one will not be + resumed. + + - ~:time-prompt~ :: + + Prompt for a date/time to be used for date/week trees and when + filling the template. Without this property, capture uses the + current date and time. Even if this property has not been set, + you can force the same behavior by calling ~org-capture~ with + a {{{kbd(C-1)}}} prefix argument. + + - ~:tree-type~ :: + + Use ~week~ to make a week tree instead of the month-day tree, + i.e., place the headings for each day under a heading with the + current ISO week. Use ~month~ to group entries by month + only. Default is to group entries by day. + + - ~:unnarrowed~ :: + + Do not narrow the target buffer, simply show the full buffer. + Default is to narrow it so that you only see the new material. + + - ~:table-line-pos~ :: + + Specification of the location in the table where the new line + should be inserted. It should be a string like =II-3= meaning + that the new line should become the third line before the second + horizontal separator line. + + - ~:kill-buffer~ :: + + If the target file was not yet visited when capture was invoked, + kill the buffer again after capture is completed. + + - ~:no-save~ :: + + Do not save the target file after finishing the capture. + + - ~:refile-targets :: Temporarily set ~org-refile-targets~ to the + value of this property. + +**** Template expansion +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Filling in information about time and context. +:END: + +In the template itself, special "%-escapes"[fn:87] allow dynamic +insertion of content. The templates are expanded in the order given +here: + +- =%[FILE]= :: + + Insert the contents of the file given by {{{var(FILE)}}}. + +- =%(EXP)= :: + + Evaluate Elisp expression {{{var(EXP)}}} and replace it with the + result. The {{{var(EXP)}}} form must return a string. Only + placeholders pre-existing within the template, or introduced with + =%[file]=, are expanded this way. Since this happens after + expanding non-interactive "%-escapes", those can be used to fill the + expression. + +- =%= :: + + The result of format-time-string on the {{{var(FORMAT)}}} + specification. + +- =%t= :: + + Timestamp, date only. + +- =%T= :: + + Timestamp, with date and time. + +- =%u=, =%U= :: + + Like =%t=, =%T= above, but inactive timestamps. + +- =%i= :: + + Initial content, the region when capture is called while the region + is active. If there is text before =%i= on the same line, such as + indentation, and =%i= is not inside a =%(exp)= form, that prefix is + added before every line in the inserted text. + +- =%a= :: + + Annotation, normally the link created with ~org-store-link~. + +- =%A= :: + + Like =%a=, but prompt for the description part. + +- =%l= :: + + Like =%a=, but only insert the literal link. + +- =%L= :: + + Like =%l=, but without brackets (the link content itself). + +- =%c= :: + + Current kill ring head. + +- =%x= :: + + Content of the X clipboard. + +- =%k= :: + + Title of the currently clocked task. + +- =%K= :: + + Link to the currently clocked task. + +- =%n= :: + + User name (taken from ~user-full-name~). + +- =%f= :: + + File visited by current buffer when org-capture was called. + +- =%F= :: + + Full path of the file or directory visited by current buffer. + +- =%:keyword= :: + + Specific information for certain link types, see below. + +- =%^g= :: + + Prompt for tags, with completion on tags in target file. + +- =%^G= :: + + Prompt for tags, with completion all tags in all agenda files. + +- =%^t= :: + + Like =%t=, but prompt for date. Similarly =%^T=, =%^u=, =%^U=. You + may define a prompt like =%^{Birthday}t=. + +- =%^C= :: + + Interactive selection of which kill or clip to use. + +- =%^L= :: + + Like =%^C=, but insert as link. + +- =%^{PROP}p= :: + + Prompt the user for a value for property {{{var(PROP)}}}. You may + specify a default value with =%^{PROP|default}=. + +- =%^{PROMPT}= :: + + Prompt the user for a string and replace this sequence with it. You + may specify a default value and a completion table with + =%^{prompt|default|completion2|completion3...}=. The arrow keys + access a prompt-specific history. + +- =%\N= :: + + Insert the text entered at the {{{var(N)}}}th =%^{PROMPT}=, where + {{{var(N)}}} is a number, starting from 1. + +- =%?= :: + + After completing the template, position point here. + +#+vindex: org-store-link-props +For specific link types, the following keywords are defined[fn:88]: + +#+vindex: org-link-from-user-regexp +| Link type | Available keywords | +|--------------+----------------------------------------------------------| +| bbdb | =%:name=, =%:company= | +| irc | =%:server=, =%:port=, =%:nick= | +| mh, rmail | =%:type=, =%:subject=, =%:message-id= | +| | =%:from=, =%:fromname=, =%:fromaddress= | +| | =%:to=, =%:toname=, =%:toaddress= | +| | =%:date= (message date header field) | +| | =%:date-timestamp= (date as active timestamp) | +| | =%:date-timestamp-inactive= (date as inactive timestamp) | +| | =%:fromto= (either "to NAME" or "from NAME")[fn:89] | +| gnus | =%:group=, for messages also all email fields | +| w3, w3m | =%:url= | +| info | =%:file=, =%:node= | +| calendar | =%:date= | +| org-protocol | =%:link=, =%:description=, =%:annotation= | + +**** Templates in contexts +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Only show a template in a specific context. +:END: + +#+vindex: org-capture-templates-contexts +To control whether a capture template should be accessible from +a specific context, you can customize +~org-capture-templates-contexts~. Let's say, for example, that you +have a capture template "p" for storing Gnus emails containing +patches. Then you would configure this option like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-capture-templates-contexts + '(("p" ((in-mode . "message-mode"))))) +#+end_src + +You can also tell that the command key {{{kbd(p)}}} should refer to +another template. In that case, add this command key like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-capture-templates-contexts + '(("p" "q" ((in-mode . "message-mode"))))) +#+end_src + +See the docstring of the variable for more information. + +** Attachments +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Attach files to outlines. +:END: +#+cindex: attachments + +It is often useful to associate reference material with an outline +node. Small chunks of plain text can simply be stored in the subtree +of a project. Hyperlinks (see [[*Hyperlinks]]) can establish associations +with files that live elsewhere on a local, or even remote, computer, +like emails or source code files belonging to a project. + +Another method is /attachments/, which are files located in a +directory belonging to an outline node. Org uses directories either +named by a unique ID of each entry, or by a =DIR= property. + +*** Attachment defaults and dispatcher +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to access attachment commands +:END: + +By default, Org attach uses ID properties when adding attachments to +outline nodes. This makes working with attachments fully automated. +There is no decision needed for folder-name or location. ID-based +directories are by default located in the =data/= directory, which +lives in the same directory where your Org file lives[fn:90]. + +When attachments are made using ~org-attach~ a default tag =ATTACH= is +added to the node that gets the attachments. + +For more control over the setup, see [[*Attachment options]]. + +The following commands deal with attachments: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-a)}}} (~org-attach~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a + #+findex: org-attach + The dispatcher for commands related to the attachment system. After + these keys, a list of commands is displayed and you must press an + additional key to select a command: + + - {{{kbd(a)}}} (~org-attach-attach~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a a + #+findex: org-attach-attach + #+vindex: org-attach-method + Select a file and move it into the task's attachment directory. + The file is copied, moved, or linked, depending on + ~org-attach-method~. Note that hard links are not supported on + all systems. + + - {{{kbd(c)}}}/{{{kbd(m)}}}/{{{kbd(l)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a c + #+kindex: C-c C-a m + #+kindex: C-c C-a l + Attach a file using the copy/move/link method. Note that hard + links are not supported on all systems. + + - {{{kbd(b)}}} (~org-attach-buffer~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a b + #+findex: org-attach-buffer + Select a buffer and save it as a file in the task's attachment + directory. + + - {{{kbd(n)}}} (~org-attach-new~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a n + #+findex: org-attach-new + Create a new attachment as an Emacs buffer. + + - {{{kbd(z)}}} (~org-attach-sync~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a z + #+findex: org-attach-sync + Synchronize the current task with its attachment directory, in + case you added attachments yourself. + + - {{{kbd(o)}}} (~org-attach-open~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a o + #+findex: org-attach-open + #+vindex: org-file-apps + Open current task's attachment. If there is more than one, prompt + for a file name first. Opening follows the rules set by + ~org-file-apps~. For more details, see the information on + following hyperlinks (see [[*Handling Links]]). + + - {{{kbd(O)}}} (~org-attach-open-in-emacs~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a O + #+findex: org-attach-open-in-emacs + Also open the attachment, but force opening the file in Emacs. + + - {{{kbd(f)}}} (~org-attach-reveal~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a f + #+findex: org-attach-reveal + Open the current task's attachment directory. + + - {{{kbd(F)}}} (~org-attach-reveal-in-emacs~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a F + #+findex: org-attach-reveal-in-emacs + Also open the directory, but force using Dired in Emacs. + + - {{{kbd(d)}}} (~org-attach-delete-one~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a d + Select and delete a single attachment. + + - {{{kbd(D)}}} (~org-attach-delete-all~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a D + Delete all of a task's attachments. A safer way is to open the + directory in Dired and delete from there. + + - {{{kbd(s)}}} (~org-attach-set-directory~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a s + #+cindex: @samp{DIR}, property + Set a specific directory as the entry's attachment directory. + This works by putting the directory path into the =DIR= + property. + + - {{{kbd(S)}}} (~org-attach-unset-directory~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a S + #+cindex: @samp{DIR}, property + Remove the attachment directory. This command removes the =DIR= + property and asks the user to either move content inside that + folder, if an =ID= property is set, delete the content, or to + leave the attachment directory as is but no longer attached to the + outline node. + +*** Attachment options +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Configuring the attachment system +:END: + +There are a couple of options for attachments that are worth +mentioning. + +- ~org-attach-id-dir~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-id-dir + The directory where attachments are stored when =ID= is used as + method. + +- ~org-attach-dir-relative~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-dir-relative + When setting the =DIR= property on a node using {{{kbd(C-c C-a s)}}} + (~org-attach-set-directory~), absolute links are entered by default. + This option changes that to relative links. + +- ~org-attach-use-inheritance~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-use-inheritance + By default folders attached to an outline node are inherited from + parents according to ~org-use-property-inheritance~. If one instead + want to set inheritance specifically for Org attach that can be done + using ~org-attach-use-inheritance~. Inheriting documents through + the node hierarchy makes a lot of sense in most cases. Especially + when using attachment links (see [[*Attachment links]]). The following + example shows one use case for attachment inheritance: + + #+begin_example + ,* Chapter A ... + :PROPERTIES: + :DIR: Chapter A/ + :END: + ,** Introduction + Some text + + #+NAME: Image 1 + [[attachment:image 1.jpg]] + #+end_example + + Without inheritance one would not be able to resolve the link to + =image 1.jpg=, since the link is inside a sub-heading to =Chapter + A=. + + Inheritance works the same way for both =ID= and =DIR= property. If + both properties are defined on the same headline then =DIR= takes + precedence. This is also true if inheritance is enabled. If =DIR= + is inherited from a parent node in the outline, that property still + takes precedence over an =ID= property defined on the node itself. + +- ~org-attach-method~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-method + When attaching files using the dispatcher {{{kbd(C-c C-a)}}} it + defaults to copying files. The behavior can be changed by + customizing ~org-attach-method~. Options are Copy, Move/Rename, + Hard link or Symbolic link. + +- ~org-attach-preferred-new-method~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-preferred-new-method + This customization lets you choose the default way to attach to + nodes without existing =ID= and =DIR= property. It defaults to ~id~ + but can also be set to ~dir~, ~ask~ or ~nil~. + +- ~org-attach-archive-delete~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-archive-delete + Configure this to determine if attachments should be deleted or not + when a subtree that has attachments is archived. + +- ~org-attach-auto-tag~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-auto-tag + When attaching files to a heading it will be assigned a tag + according to what is set here. + +- ~org-attach-id-to-path-function-list~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-id-to-path-function-list + When =ID= is used for attachments, the ID is parsed into a part of a + directory-path. See ~org-attach-id-uuid-folder-format~ for the + default function. Define a new one and add it as first element in + ~org-attach-id-to-path-function-list~ if you want the folder + structure in any other way. All functions in this list will be + tried when resolving existing ID's into paths, to maintain backward + compatibility with existing folders in your system. + +- ~org-attach-store-link-p~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-store-link-p + Stores a link to the file that is being attached. The link is + stored in ~org-stored-links~ for later insertion with {{{kbd(C-c + C-l)}}} (see [[*Handling Links]]). Depending on what option is set in + ~org-attach-store-link-p~, the link is stored to either the original + location as a file link, the attachment location as an attachment + link or to the attachment location as a file link. + +- ~org-attach-commands~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-commands + List of all commands used in the attach dispatcher. + +- ~org-attach-expert~ :: + #+vindex: org-attach-expert + Do not show the splash buffer with the attach dispatcher when + ~org-attach-expert~ is set to non-~nil~. + +See customization group =Org Attach= if you want to change the +default settings. + +*** Attachment links +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Hyperlink access to attachments +:END: + +Attached files and folders can be referenced using attachment links. +This makes it easy to refer to the material added to an outline node. +Especially if it was attached using the unique ID of the entry! + +#+begin_example +,* TODO Some task + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: 95d50008-c12e-479f-a4f2-cc0238205319 + :END: +See attached document for more information: [[attachment:info.org]] +#+end_example + +See [[*External Links]] for more information about these links. + +*** Automatic version-control with Git +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Everything safely stored away +:END: + +If the directory attached to an outline node is a Git repository, Org +can be configured to automatically commit changes to that repository +when it sees them. + +To make Org mode take care of versioning of attachments for you, add +the following to your Emacs config: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(require 'org-attach-git) +#+end_src + +*** Attach from Dired +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Using dired to select an attachment +:END: +#+cindex: attach from Dired +#+findex: org-attach-dired-to-subtree + +It is possible to attach files to a subtree from a Dired buffer. To +use this feature, have one window in Dired mode containing the file(s) +to be attached and another window with point in the subtree that shall +get the attachments. In the Dired window, with point on a file, +{{{kbd(M-x org-attach-dired-to-subtree)}}} attaches the file to the +subtree using the attachment method set by variable +~org-attach-method~. When files are marked in the Dired window then +all marked files get attached. + +Add the following lines to the Emacs init file to have {{{kbd(C-c C-x +a)}}} attach files in Dired buffers. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook + (lambda () + (define-key dired-mode-map + (kbd "C-c C-x a") + #'org-attach-dired-to-subtree))) +#+end_src + +The following code shows how to bind the previous command with +a specific attachment method. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook + (lambda () + (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "C-c C-x c") + (lambda () + (interactive) + (let ((org-attach-method 'cp)) + (call-interactively #'org-attach-dired-to-subtree)))))) +#+end_src + +** RSS Feeds +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Getting input from RSS feeds. +:END: +#+cindex: RSS feeds +#+cindex: Atom feeds + +Org can add and change entries based on information found in RSS feeds +and Atom feeds. You could use this to make a task out of each new +podcast in a podcast feed. Or you could use a phone-based +note-creating service on the web to import tasks into Org. To access +feeds, configure the variable ~org-feed-alist~. The docstring of this +variable has detailed information. With the following + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-feed-alist + '(("Slashdot" + "https://rss.slashdot.org/Slashdot/slashdot" + "~/txt/org/feeds.org" "Slashdot Entries"))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +new items from the feed provided by =rss.slashdot.org= result in new +entries in the file =~/org/feeds.org= under the heading =Slashdot +Entries=, whenever the following command is used: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x g)}}} (~org-feed-update-all~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x g + Collect items from the feeds configured in ~org-feed-alist~ and act + upon them. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x G)}}} (~org-feed-goto-inbox~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x G + Prompt for a feed name and go to the inbox configured for this feed. + +Under the same headline, Org creates a drawer =FEEDSTATUS= in which it +stores information about the status of items in the feed, to avoid +adding the same item several times. + +For more information, including how to read atom feeds, see +=org-feed.el= and the docstring of ~org-feed-alist~. + +* Agenda Views +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Collecting information into views. +:END: +#+cindex: agenda views + +Due to the way Org works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and tagged +headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of +files. To get an overview of open action items, or of events that are +important for a particular date, this information must be collected, +sorted and displayed in an organized way. + +Org can select items based on various criteria and display them in +a separate buffer. Six different view types are provided: + +- an /agenda/ that is like a calendar and shows information for + specific dates, + +- a /TODO list/ that covers all unfinished action items, + +- a /match view/, showings headlines based on the tags, properties, + and TODO state associated with them, + +- a /text search view/ that shows all entries from multiple files that + contain specified keywords, + +- a /stuck projects view/ showing projects that currently do not move + along, and + +- /custom views/ that are special searches and combinations of + different views. + +The extracted information is displayed in a special /agenda buffer/. +This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the +corresponding locations in the original Org files, and even to edit +these files remotely. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-comment-trees +#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-archived-trees +#+cindex: commented entries, in agenda views +#+cindex: archived entries, in agenda views +By default, the report ignores commented (see [[*Comment Lines]]) and +archived (see [[*Internal archiving]]) entries. You can override this by +setting ~org-agenda-skip-comment-trees~ and +~org-agenda-skip-archived-trees~ to ~nil~. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-window-setup +#+vindex: org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit +Two variables control how the agenda buffer is displayed and whether +the window configuration is restored when the agenda exits: +~org-agenda-window-setup~ and ~org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit~. + +** Agenda Files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Files being searched for agenda information. +:END: +#+cindex: agenda files +#+cindex: files for agenda + +#+vindex: org-agenda-files +The information to be shown is normally collected from all /agenda +files/, the files listed in the variable ~org-agenda-files~[fn:91]. +If a directory is part of this list, all files with the extension +=.org= in this directory are part of the list. + +Thus, even if you only work with a single Org file, that file should +be put into the list[fn:92]. You can customize ~org-agenda-files~, +but the easiest way to maintain it is through the following commands + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep and +- {{{kbd(C-c [)}}} (~org-agenda-file-to-front~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c [ + #+findex: org-agenda-file-to-front + #+cindex: files, adding to agenda list + Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to + the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved + to the front. With a prefix argument, file is added/moved to the + end. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ])}}} (~org-remove-file~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ] + #+findex: org-remove-file + Remove current file from the list of agenda files. + +- {{{kbd(C-')}}} and {{{kbd(C-\,)}}} (~org-cycle-agenda-files~) :: + + #+kindex: C-' + #+kindex: C-, + #+findex: org-cycle-agenda-files + #+cindex: cycling, of agenda files + Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-switchb)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-switchb + Command to use an Iswitchb-like interface to switch to and between + Org buffers. + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used to +visit any of them. + +If you would like to focus the agenda temporarily on a file not in +this list, or on just one file in the list, or even on only a subtree +in a file, then this can be done in different ways. For a single +agenda command, you may press {{{kbd(<)}}} once or several times in +the dispatcher (see [[*The Agenda Dispatcher]]). To restrict the agenda +scope for an extended period, use the following commands: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x <)}}} (~org-agenda-set-restriction-lock~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x < + #+findex: org-agenda-set-restriction-lock + Restrict the agenda to the current subtree. If there already is + a restriction at point, remove it. When called with a universal + prefix argument or with point before the first headline in a file, + set the agenda scope to the entire file. This restriction remains + in effect until removed with {{{kbd(C-c C-x >)}}}, or by typing + either {{{kbd(<)}}} or {{{kbd(>)}}} in the agenda dispatcher. If + there is a window displaying an agenda view, the new restriction + takes effect immediately. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x >)}}} (~org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x > + #+findex: org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock + Remove the restriction created by {{{kbd(C-c C-x <)}}}. + +When working with Speedbar, you can use the following commands in the +Speedbar frame: + +- {{{kbd(<)}}} (~org-speedbar-set-agenda-restriction~) :: + + #+findex: org-speedbar-set-agenda-restriction + Restrict the agenda to the item---either an Org file or a subtree in + such a file---at point in the Speedbar frame. If agenda is already + restricted there, remove the restriction. If there is a window + displaying an agenda view, the new restriction takes effect + immediately. + +- {{{kbd(>)}}} (~org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock + Remove the restriction. + +** The Agenda Dispatcher +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Keyboard access to agenda views. +:ALT_TITLE: Agenda Dispatcher +:END: +#+cindex: agenda dispatcher +#+cindex: dispatching agenda commands + +The views are created through a dispatcher, accessible with {{{kbd(M-x +org-agenda)}}}, or, better, bound to a global key (see [[*Activation]]). +It displays a menu from which an additional letter is required to +execute a command. The dispatcher offers the following default +commands: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(a)}}} :: + + Create the calendar-like agenda (see [[*Weekly/daily agenda]]). + +- {{{kbd(t)}}}, {{{kbd(T)}}} :: + + Create a list of all TODO items (see [[*The global TODO list]]). + +- {{{kbd(m)}}}, {{{kbd(M)}}} :: + + Create a list of headlines matching a given expression (see + [[*Matching tags and properties]]). + +- {{{kbd(s)}}} :: + + #+kindex: s @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + Create a list of entries selected by a boolean expression of + keywords and/or regular expressions that must or must not occur in + the entry. + +- {{{kbd(/)}}} :: + + #+kindex: / @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+vindex: org-agenda-text-search-extra-files + Search for a regular expression in all agenda files and additionally + in the files listed in ~org-agenda-text-search-extra-files~. This + uses the Emacs command ~multi-occur~. A prefix argument can be used + to specify the number of context lines for each match, default is + 1. + +- {{{kbd(#)}}} :: + + Create a list of stuck projects (see [[*Stuck projects]]). + +- {{{kbd(!)}}} :: + + Configure the list of stuck projects (see [[*Stuck projects]]). + +- {{{kbd(<)}}} :: + + #+kindex: < @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer[fn:93]. If + narrowing is in effect restrict to the narrowed part of the buffer. + After pressing {{{kbd(<)}}}, you still need to press the character + selecting the command. + +- {{{kbd(< <)}}} :: + + #+kindex: < < @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda command + to the region. Otherwise, restrict it to the current + subtree[fn:94]. After pressing {{{kbd(< <)}}}, you still need to + press the character selecting the command. + +- {{{kbd(*)}}} :: + + #+kindex: * @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+vindex: org-agenda-sticky + #+findex: org-toggle-sticky-agenda + Toggle sticky agenda views. By default, Org maintains only a single + agenda buffer and rebuilds it each time you change the view, to make + sure everything is always up to date. If you switch between views + often and the build time bothers you, you can turn on sticky agenda + buffers (make this the default by customizing the variable + ~org-agenda-sticky~). With sticky agendas, the dispatcher only + switches to the selected view, you need to update it by hand with + {{{kbd(r)}}} or {{{kbd(g)}}}. You can toggle sticky agenda view any + time with ~org-toggle-sticky-agenda~. + +You can also define custom commands that are accessible through the +dispatcher, just like the default commands. This includes the +possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several +blocks together, for example the weekly agenda, the global TODO list +and a number of special tags matches. See [[*Custom Agenda Views]]. + +** The Built-in Agenda Views +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What is available out of the box? +:ALT_TITLE: Built-in Agenda Views +:END: + +In this section we describe the built-in views. + +*** Weekly/daily agenda +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The calendar page with current tasks. +:END: +#+cindex: agenda +#+cindex: weekly agenda +#+cindex: daily agenda + +The purpose of the weekly/daily /agenda/ is to act like a page of +a paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda a)}}} (~org-agenda-list~) :: + + #+kindex: a @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-agenda-list + #+cindex: org-agenda, command + Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of Org files. + The agenda shows the entries for each day. With a numeric prefix + argument[fn:95]---like {{{kbd(C-u 2 1 M-x org-agenda a)}}}---you may + set the number of days to be displayed. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-span +#+vindex: org-agenda-start-day +#+vindex: org-agenda-start-on-weekday +The default number of days displayed in the agenda is set by the +variable ~org-agenda-span~. This variable can be set to any number of +days you want to see by default in the agenda, or to a span name, such +a ~day~, ~week~, ~month~ or ~year~. For weekly agendas, the default +is to start on the previous Monday (see +~org-agenda-start-on-weekday~). You can also set the start date using +a date shift: =(setq org-agenda-start-day "+10d")= starts the agenda +ten days from today in the future. + +Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can +change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer. +The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in [[*Commands in +the Agenda Buffer]]. + +**** Calendar/Diary integration +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: calendar integration +#+cindex: diary integration + +Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward\nbsp{}M.\nbsp{}Reingold. The +calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different +countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of +anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments +(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to +Org. It can be very useful to combine output from Org with the diary. + +In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org mode's +agenda, you only need to customize the variable + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-include-diary t) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +After that, everything happens automatically. All diary entries +including holidays, anniversaries, etc., are included in the agenda +buffer created by Org mode. {{{kbd(SPC)}}}, {{{kbd(TAB)}}}, and +{{{kbd(RET)}}} can be used from the agenda buffer to jump to the diary +file in order to edit existing diary entries. The {{{kbd(i)}}} +command to insert new entries for the current date works in the agenda +buffer, as well as the commands {{{kbd(S)}}}, {{{kbd(M)}}}, and +{{{kbd(C)}}} to display Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to +convert to other calendars, respectively. {{{kbd(c)}}} can be used to +switch back and forth between calendar and agenda. + +If you are using the diary only for expression entries and holidays, +it is faster to not use the above setting, but instead to copy or even +move the entries into an Org file. Org mode evaluates diary-style +expression entries, and does it faster because there is no overhead +for first creating the diary display. Note that the expression +entries must start at the left margin, no whitespace is allowed before +them, as seen in the following segment of an Org file:[fn:96] + +#+begin_example +,* Holidays + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Holiday + :END: +%%(org-calendar-holiday) ; special function for holiday names + +,* Birthdays + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Ann + :END: +%%(org-anniversary 1956 5 14) Arthur Dent is %d years old +%%(org-anniversary 1869 10 2) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old +#+end_example + +**** Anniversaries from BBDB +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: BBDB, anniversaries +#+cindex: anniversaries, from BBDB + +#+findex: org-bbdb-anniversaries +If you are using the Insidious Big Brother Database to store your +contacts, you very likely prefer to store anniversaries in BBDB rather +than in a separate Org or diary file. Org supports this and can show +BBDB anniversaries as part of the agenda. All you need to do is to +add the following to one of your agenda files: + +#+begin_example +,* Anniversaries + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Anniv + :END: +%%(org-bbdb-anniversaries) +#+end_example + +You can then go ahead and define anniversaries for a BBDB record. +Basically, you need a field named =anniversary= for the BBDB record +which contains the date in the format =YYYY-MM-DD= or =MM-DD=, +followed by a space and the class of the anniversary (=birthday=, +=wedding=, or a format string). If you omit the class, it defaults to +=birthday=. Here are a few examples, the header for the file +=ol-bbdb.el= contains more detailed information. + +#+begin_example +1973-06-22 +06-22 +1955-08-02 wedding +2008-04-14 %s released version 6.01 of Org mode, %d years ago +#+end_example + +After a change to BBDB, or for the first agenda display during an +Emacs session, the agenda display suffers a short delay as Org updates +its hash with anniversaries. However, from then on things will be +very fast, much faster in fact than a long list of +=%%(diary-anniversary)= entries in an Org or Diary file. + +#+findex: org-bbdb-anniversaries-future +If you would like to see upcoming anniversaries with a bit of +forewarning, you can use the following instead: + +#+begin_example +,* Anniversaries + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Anniv + :END: +%%(org-bbdb-anniversaries-future 3) +#+end_example + +That will give you three days' warning: on the anniversary date itself +and the two days prior. The argument is optional: if omitted, it +defaults to 7. + +**** Appointment reminders +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: @file{appt.el} +#+cindex: appointment reminders +#+cindex: appointment +#+cindex: reminders + +#+cindex: APPT_WARNTIME, keyword +Org can interact with Emacs appointments notification facility. To +add the appointments of your agenda files, use the command +~org-agenda-to-appt~. This command lets you filter through the list +of your appointments and add only those belonging to a specific +category or matching a regular expression. It also reads +a =APPT_WARNTIME= property which overrides the value of +~appt-message-warning-time~ for this appointment. See the docstring +for details. + +*** The global TODO list +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: All unfinished action items. +:ALT_TITLE: Global TODO list +:END: +#+cindex: global TODO list +#+cindex: TODO list, global + +The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items formatted and +collected into a single place. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda t)}}} (~org-todo-list~) :: + + #+kindex: t @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-todo-list + Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all + agenda files (see [[*Agenda Views]]) into a single buffer. By default, + this lists items with a state the is not a DONE state. The buffer + is in Agenda mode, so there are commands to examine and manipulate + the TODO entries directly from that buffer (see [[*Commands in the + Agenda Buffer]]). + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda T)}}} (~org-todo-list~) :: + + #+kindex: T @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-todo-list + #+cindex: TODO keyword matching + #+vindex: org-todo-keywords + Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. + You can also do this by specifying a prefix argument to + {{{kbd(t)}}}. You are prompted for a keyword, and you may also + specify several keywords by separating them with =|= as the boolean + OR operator. With a numeric prefix, the Nth keyword in + ~org-todo-keywords~ is selected. + + #+kindex: r + The {{{kbd(r)}}} key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you + can give a prefix argument to this command to change the selected + TODO keyword, for example {{{kbd(3 r)}}}. If you often need + a search for a specific keyword, define a custom command for it (see + [[*The Agenda Dispatcher]]). + + Matching specific TODO keywords can also be done as part of a tags + search (see [[*Tag Searches]]). + +Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of +a TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the +TODO list are described in [[*Commands in the Agenda Buffer]]. + +#+cindex: sublevels, inclusion into TODO list +Normally the global TODO list simply shows all headlines with TODO +keywords. This list can become very long. There are two ways to keep +it more compact: + +- + #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled + #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines + #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp + #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date + Some people view a TODO item that has been /scheduled/ for execution + or have a /deadline/ (see [[*Timestamps]]) as no longer /open/. + Configure the variables ~org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled~ to + exclude some or all scheduled items from the global TODO list, + ~org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines~ to exclude some or all items with + a deadline set, ~org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp~ to exclude some + or all items with an active timestamp other than a DEADLINE or + a SCHEDULED timestamp and/or ~org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date~ to + exclude items with at least one active timestamp. + +- + #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels + TODO items may have sublevels to break up the task into subtasks. + In such cases it may be enough to list only the highest level TODO + headline and omit the sublevels from the global list. Configure the + variable ~org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels~ to get this behavior. + +*** Matching tags and properties +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Structured information with fine-tuned search. +:END: +#+cindex: matching, of tags +#+cindex: matching, of properties +#+cindex: tags view +#+cindex: match view + +If headlines in the agenda files are marked with /tags/ (see [[*Tags]]), +or have properties (see [[*Properties and Columns]]), you can select +headlines based on this metadata and collect them into an agenda +buffer. The match syntax described here also applies when creating +sparse trees with {{{kbd(C-c / m)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda m)}}} (~org-tags-view~) :: + + #+kindex: m @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-tags-view + Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags. The + command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic + expression with tags, like =+work+urgent-withboss= or =work|home= + (see [[*Tags]]). If you often need a specific search, define a custom + command for it (see [[*The Agenda Dispatcher]]). + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda M)}}} (~org-tags-view~) :: + + #+kindex: M @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-tags-view + #+vindex: org-tags-match-list-sublevels + #+vindex: org-agenda-tags-todo-honor-ignore-options + Like {{{kbd(m)}}}, but only select headlines that are also TODO + items and force checking subitems (see the variable + ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~). To exclude scheduled/deadline + items, see the variable ~org-agenda-tags-todo-honor-ignore-options~. + Matching specific TODO keywords together with a tags match is also + possible, see [[*Tag Searches]]. + +The commands available in the tags list are described in [[*Commands in +the Agenda Buffer]]. + +#+cindex: boolean logic, for agenda searches +A search string can use Boolean operators =&= for AND and =|= for OR. +=&= binds more strongly than =|=. Parentheses are currently not +implemented. Each element in the search is either a tag, a regular +expression matching tags, or an expression like =PROPERTY OPERATOR +VALUE= with a comparison operator, accessing a property value. Each +element may be preceded by =-= to select against it, and =+= is +syntactic sugar for positive selection. The AND operator =&= is +optional when =+= or =-= is present. Here are some examples, using +only tags. + +- =+work-boss= :: + + Select headlines tagged =work=, but discard those also tagged + =boss=. + +- =work|laptop= :: + + Selects lines tagged =work= or =laptop=. + +- =work|laptop+night= :: + + Like before, but require the =laptop= lines to be tagged also + =night=. + +#+cindex: regular expressions, with tags search +Instead of a tag, you may also specify a regular expression enclosed +in curly braces (see [[*Regular Expressions]]). For example, +=work+{^boss.*}= matches headlines that contain the tag =:work:= and +any tag /starting/ with =boss=. + +#+cindex: group tags, as regular expressions +Group tags (see [[*Tag Hierarchy]]) are expanded as regular expressions. +E.g., if =work= is a group tag for the group =:work:lab:conf:=, then +searching for =work= also searches for ={\(?:work\|lab\|conf\)}= and +searching for =-work= searches for all headlines but those with one of +the tags in the group (i.e., =-{\(?:work\|lab\|conf\)}=). + +#+cindex: TODO keyword matching, with tags search +#+cindex: level, for tags/property match +#+cindex: category, for tags/property match +#+vindex: org-odd-levels-only +You may also test for properties (see [[*Properties and Columns]]) at the +same time as matching tags. The properties may be real properties, or +special properties that represent other metadata (see [[*Special +Properties]]). For example, the property =TODO= represents the TODO +keyword of the entry. Or, the property =LEVEL= represents the level +of an entry. So searching =+LEVEL=3+boss-TODO​="DONE"= lists all level +three headlines that have the tag =boss= and are /not/ marked with the +TODO keyword =DONE=. In buffers with ~org-odd-levels-only~ set, +=LEVEL= does not count the number of stars, but =LEVEL=2= corresponds +to 3 stars etc. + +Here are more examples: + +- =work+TODO​="WAITING"= :: + + Select =work=-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO keyword + =WAITING=. + +- =work+TODO​="WAITING"|home+TODO​="WAITING"= :: + + Waiting tasks both at work and at home. + +When matching properties, a number of different operators can be used +to test the value of a property. Here is a complex example: + +#+begin_example ++work-boss+PRIORITY="A"+Coffee="unlimited"+Effort<2 + +With={Sarah\|Denny}+SCHEDULED>="<2008-10-11>" +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The type of comparison depends on how the comparison value is written: + +- If the comparison value is a plain number, a numerical comparison is + done, and the allowed operators are =<=, ===, =>=, =<==, =>==, and + =<>=. + +- If the comparison value is enclosed in double-quotes, a string + comparison is done, and the same operators are allowed. + +- If the comparison value is enclosed in double-quotes /and/ angular + brackets (like =DEADLINE<​="<2008-12-24 18:30>"=), both values are + assumed to be date/time specifications in the standard Org way, and + the comparison is done accordingly. Valid values also include + =""= for now (including time), =""=, and =""= + for these days at 0:00 hours, i.e., without a time specification. + You can also use strings like ="<+5d>"= or ="<-2m>"= with units =d=, + =w=, =m=, and =y= for day, week, month, and year, respectively. + +- If the comparison value is enclosed in curly braces, a regexp match + is performed, with === meaning that the regexp matches the property + value, and =<>= meaning that it does not match. + +So the search string in the example finds entries tagged =work= but +not =boss=, which also have a priority value =A=, a =Coffee= property +with the value =unlimited=, an =EFFORT= property that is numerically +smaller than 2, a =With= property that is matched by the regular +expression =Sarah\|Denny=, and that are scheduled on or after October +11, 2008. + +You can configure Org mode to use property inheritance during +a search, but beware that this can slow down searches considerably. +See [[*Property Inheritance]], for details. + +For backward compatibility, and also for typing speed, there is also +a different way to test TODO states in a search. For this, terminate +the tags/property part of the search string (which may include several +terms connected with =|=) with a =/= and then specify a Boolean +expression just for TODO keywords. The syntax is then similar to that +for tags, but should be applied with care: for example, a positive +selection on several TODO keywords cannot meaningfully be combined +with boolean AND. However, /negative selection/ combined with AND can +be meaningful. To make sure that only lines are checked that actually +have any TODO keyword (resulting in a speed-up), use {{{kbd(M-x +org-agenda M)}}}, or equivalently start the TODO part after the slash +with =!=. Using {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda M)}}} or =/!= does not match +TODO keywords in a DONE state. Examples: + +- =work/WAITING= :: + + Same as =work+TODO​="WAITING"=. + +- =work/!-WAITING-NEXT= :: + + Select =work=-tagged TODO lines that are neither =WAITING= nor + =NEXT=. + +- =work/!+WAITING|+NEXT= :: + + Select =work=-tagged TODO lines that are either =WAITING= or =NEXT=. + +*** Search view +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Find entries by searching for text. +:END: +#+cindex: search view +#+cindex: text search +#+cindex: searching, for text + +This agenda view is a general text search facility for Org mode +entries. It is particularly useful to find notes. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda s)}}} (~org-search-view~) :: + + #+kindex: s @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-search-view + This is a special search that lets you select entries by matching + a substring or specific words using a boolean logic. + +For example, the search string =computer equipment= matches entries +that contain =computer equipment= as a substring, even if the two +words are separated by more space or a line break. + +Search view can also search for specific keywords in the entry, using +Boolean logic. The search string =+computer ++wifi -ethernet -{8\.11[bg]}= matches note entries that contain the +keywords =computer= and =wifi=, but not the keyword =ethernet=, and +which are also not matched by the regular expression =8\.11[bg]=, +meaning to exclude both =8.11b= and =8.11g=. The first =+= is +necessary to turn on boolean search, other =+= characters are +optional. For more details, see the docstring of the command +~org-search-view~. + +You can incrementally and conveniently adjust a boolean search from +the agenda search view with the following keys + +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.1 0.6 +| {{{kbd([)}}} | Add a positive search word | +| {{{kbd(])}}} | Add a negative search word | +| {{{kbd({)}}} | Add a positive regular expression | +| {{{kbd(})}}} | Add a negative regular expression | + +#+vindex: org-agenda-text-search-extra-files +Note that in addition to the agenda files, this command also searches +the files listed in ~org-agenda-text-search-extra-files~. + +*** Stuck projects +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Find projects you need to review. +:END: +#+pindex: GTD, Getting Things Done + +If you are following a system like David Allen's GTD to organize your +work, one of the "duties" you have is a regular review to make sure +that all projects move along. A /stuck/ project is a project that has +no defined next actions, so it never shows up in the TODO lists Org +mode produces. During the review, you need to identify such projects +and define next actions for them. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda #)}}} (~org-agenda-list-stuck-projects~) :: + + #+kindex: # @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-agenda-list-stuck-projects + List projects that are stuck. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-agenda !)}}} :: + + #+kindex: ! @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+vindex: org-stuck-projects + Customize the variable ~org-stuck-projects~ to define what a stuck + project is and how to find it. + +You almost certainly need to configure this view before it works for +you. The built-in default assumes that all your projects are level-2 +headlines, and that a project is not stuck if it has at least one +entry marked with a TODO keyword =TODO= or =NEXT= or =NEXTACTION=. + +Let's assume that you, in your own way of using Org mode, identify +projects with a tag =:PROJECT:=, and that you use a TODO keyword +=MAYBE= to indicate a project that should not be considered yet. +Let's further assume that the TODO keyword =DONE= marks finished +projects, and that =NEXT= and =TODO= indicate next actions. The tag +=:@shop:= indicates shopping and is a next action even without the +NEXT tag. Finally, if the project contains the special word =IGNORE= +anywhere, it should not be listed either. In this case you would +start by identifying eligible projects with a tags/TODO match (see +[[*Tag Searches]]) =+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE=, and then check for =TODO=, +=NEXT=, =@shop=, and =IGNORE= in the subtree to identify projects that +are not stuck. The correct customization for this is: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-stuck-projects + '("+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE" ("NEXT" "TODO") ("@shop") + "\\")) +#+end_src + +Note that if a project is identified as non-stuck, the subtree of this +entry is searched for stuck projects. + +** Presentation and Sorting +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How agenda items are prepared for display. +:END: +#+cindex: presentation, of agenda items + +#+vindex: org-agenda-prefix-format +#+vindex: org-agenda-tags-column +Before displaying items in an agenda view, Org mode visually prepares +the items and sorts them. Each item occupies a single line. The line +starts with a /prefix/ that contains the /category/ (see [[*Categories]]) +of the item and other important information. You can customize in +which column tags are displayed through ~org-agenda-tags-column~. You +can also customize the prefix using the option +~org-agenda-prefix-format~. This prefix is followed by a cleaned-up +version of the outline headline associated with the item. + +*** Categories +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Not all tasks are equal. +:END: +#+cindex: category +#+cindex: @samp{CATEGORY}, keyword + +The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item. By +default, the category is simply derived from the file name, but you +can also specify it with a special line in the buffer, like +this: + +: #+CATEGORY: Thesis + +#+cindex: @samp{CATEGORY}, property +If you would like to have a special category for a single entry or +a (sub)tree, give the entry a =CATEGORY= property with the special +category you want to apply as the value. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-category-icon-alist +The display in the agenda buffer looks best if the category is not +longer than 10 characters. You can set up icons for category by +customizing the ~org-agenda-category-icon-alist~ variable. + +*** Time-of-day specifications +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How the agenda knows the time. +:END: +#+cindex: time-of-day specification + +Org mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The +time can be part of the timestamp that triggered inclusion into the +agenda, for example + +: <2005-05-10 Tue 19:00> + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Time ranges can be specified with two timestamps: + +: <2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15> + +#+vindex: org-agenda-search-headline-for-time +In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range)---like =12:45= or +a =8:30-1pm=---may also appear as plain text[fn:97]. + +If the agenda integrates the Emacs diary (see [[*Weekly/daily agenda]]), +time specifications in diary entries are recognized as well. + +For agenda display, Org mode extracts the time and displays it in +a standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in +the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this: + +#+begin_example + 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer +12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub +19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem +20:30-22:15 Marvin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge +#+end_example + +#+cindex: time grid +If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the +timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like + +#+begin_example + 8:00...... ------------------ + 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer +10:00...... ------------------ +12:00...... ------------------ +12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub +14:00...... ------------------ +16:00...... ------------------ +18:00...... ------------------ +19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem +20:00...... ------------------ +20:30-22:15 Marvin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-agenda-use-time-grid +#+vindex: org-agenda-time-grid +The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable +~org-agenda-use-time-grid~, and can be configured with +~org-agenda-time-grid~. + +*** Sorting of agenda items +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The order of things. +:END: +#+cindex: sorting, of agenda items +#+cindex: priorities, of agenda items + +Before being inserted into a view, the items are sorted. How this is +done depends on the type of view. + +- + #+vindex: org-agenda-files + For the daily/weekly agenda, the items for each day are sorted. The + default order is to first collect all items containing an explicit + time-of-day specification. These entries are shown at the beginning + of the list, as a /schedule/ for the day. After that, items remain + grouped in categories, in the sequence given by ~org-agenda-files~. + Within each category, items are sorted by priority (see + [[*Priorities]]), which is composed of the base priority (2000 for + priority =A=, 1000 for =B=, and 0 for =C=), plus additional + increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items. + +- For the TODO list, items remain in the order of categories, but + within each category, sorting takes place according to priority (see + [[*Priorities]]). The priority used for sorting derives from the + priority cookie, with additions depending on how close an item is to + its due or scheduled date. + +- For tags matches, items are not sorted at all, but just appear in + the sequence in which they are found in the agenda files. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-sorting-strategy +Sorting can be customized using the variable +~org-agenda-sorting-strategy~, and may also include criteria based on +the estimated effort of an entry (see [[*Effort Estimates]]). + +*** Filtering/limiting agenda items +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Dynamically narrow the agenda. +:END: + +#+vindex: org-agenda-category-filter-preset +#+vindex: org-agenda-tag-filter-preset +#+vindex: org-agenda-effort-filter-preset +#+vindex: org-agenda-regexp-filter-preset +Agenda built-in or custom commands are statically defined. Agenda +filters and limits allow to flexibly narrow down the list of agenda +entries. + +/Filters/ only change the visibility of items, are very fast and are +mostly used interactively[fn:98]. You can switch quickly between +different filters without having to recreate the agenda. /Limits/ on +the other hand take effect before the agenda buffer is populated, so +they are mostly useful when defined as local variables within custom +agenda commands. + +**** Filtering in the agenda +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: agenda filtering +#+cindex: filtering entries, in agenda +#+cindex: tag filtering, in agenda +#+cindex: category filtering, in agenda +#+cindex: top headline filtering, in agenda +#+cindex: effort filtering, in agenda +#+cindex: query editing, in agenda + +The general filtering command is ~org-agenda-filter~, bound to +{{{kbd(/)}}}. Before we introduce it, we describe commands for +individual filter types. All filtering commands handle prefix +arguments in the same way: A single {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix negates the +filter, so it removes lines selected by the filter. A double prefix +adds the new filter condition to the one(s) already in place, so +filter elements are accumulated. + +- {{{kbd(\)}}} (~org-agenda-filter-by-tag~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-filter-by-tag + Filter the agenda view with respect to a tag. You are prompted for + a tag selection letter; {{{kbd(SPC)}}} means any tag at all. + Pressing {{{kbd(TAB)}}} at that prompt offers completion to select a + tag, including any tags that do not have a selection character. The + command then hides all entries that do not contain or inherit this + tag. Pressing {{{kbd(+)}}} or {{{kbd(-)}}} at the prompt switches + between filtering for and against the next tag. To clear the + filter, press {{{kbd(\)}}} twice (once to call the command again, + and once at the prompt). + +- {{{kbd(<)}}} (~org-agenda-filter-by-category~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-filter-by-category + Filter by category of the line at point, and show only entries with + this category. When called with a prefix argument, hide all entries + with the category at point. To clear the filter, call this command + again by pressing {{{kbd(<)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(=)}}} (~org-agenda-filter-by-regexp~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-filter-by-regexp + Filter the agenda view by a regular expression: only show agenda + entries matching the regular expression the user entered. To clear + the filter, call the command again by pressing {{{kbd(=)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(_)}}} (~org-agenda-filter-by-effort~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-filter-by-effort + Filter the agenda view with respect to effort estimates, so select + tasks that take the right amount of time. You first need to set up + a list of efforts globally, for example + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (setq org-global-properties + '(("Effort_ALL". "0 0:10 0:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00"))) + #+end_src + + #+vindex: org-sort-agenda-noeffort-is-high + You can then filter for an effort by first typing an operator, one + of {{{kbd(<)}}}, {{{kbd(>)}}} and {{{kbd(=)}}}, and then the + one-digit index of an effort estimate in your array of allowed + values, where {{{kbd(0)}}} means the 10th value. The filter then + restricts to entries with effort smaller-or-equal, equal, or + larger-or-equal than the selected value. For application of the + operator, entries without a defined effort are treated according to + the value of ~org-sort-agenda-noeffort-is-high~. To clear the + filter, press {{{kbd(_)}}} twice (once to call the command again, + and once at the first prompt). + +- {{{kbd(^)}}} (~org-agenda-filter-by-top-headline~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-filter-by-top-headline + Filter the current agenda view and only display items that fall + under the same top-level headline as the current entry. To clear + the filter, call this command again by pressing {{{kbd(^)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(/)}}} (~org-agenda-filter~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-filter + This is the unified interface to four of the five filter methods + described above. At the prompt, specify different filter elements + in a single string, with full completion support. For example, + + : +work-John+<0:10-/plot/ + + selects entries with category =work= and effort estimates below 10 + minutes, and deselects entries with tag =John= or matching the + regexp =plot= (see [[*Regular Expressions]]). You can leave =+= out if + that does not lead to ambiguities. The sequence of elements is + arbitrary. The filter syntax assumes that there is no overlap + between categories and tags. Otherwise, tags take priority. If you + reply to the prompt with the empty string, all filtering is removed. + If a filter is specified, it replaces all current filters. But if + you call the command with a double prefix argument, or if you add an + additional =+= (e.g., =++work=) to the front of the string, the new + filter elements are added to the active ones. A single prefix + argument applies the entire filter in a negative sense. + +- {{{kbd(|)}}} (~org-agenda-filter-remove-all~) :: + + Remove all filters in the current agenda view. + +**** Computed tag filtering +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+vindex: org-agenda-auto-exclude-function +If the variable ~org-agenda-auto-exclude-function~ is set to +a user-defined function, that function can select tags that should be +used as a tag filter when requested. The function will be called with +lower-case versions of all tags represented in the current view. The +function should return ="-tag"= if the filter should remove +entries with that tag, ="+tag"= if only entries with this tag should +be kept, or =nil= if that tag is irrelevant. For example, let's say +you use a =Net= tag to identify tasks which need network access, an +=Errand= tag for errands in town, and a =Call= tag for making phone +calls. You could auto-exclude these tags based on the availability of +the Internet, and outside of business hours, with something like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun my-auto-exclude-fn (tag) + (when (cond ((string= tag "net") + (/= 0 (call-process "/sbin/ping" nil nil nil + "-c1" "-q" "-t1" "mail.gnu.org"))) + ((member tag '("errand" "call")) + (let ((hr (nth 2 (decode-time)))) + (or (< hr 8) (> hr 21))))) + (concat "-" tag))) + +(setq org-agenda-auto-exclude-function #'my-auto-exclude-fn) +#+end_src + +You can apply this self-adapting filter by using a triple prefix +argument to ~org-agenda-filter~, i.e.\nbsp{}press {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u /)}}}, +or by pressing {{{kbd(RET)}}} in ~org-agenda-filter-by-tag~. + +**** Setting limits for the agenda +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: limits, in agenda + +Here is a list of options that you can set, either globally, or +locally in your custom agenda views (see [[*Custom Agenda Views]]). + +- ~org-agenda-max-entries~ :: + + #+vindex: org-agenda-max-entries + Limit the number of entries. + +- ~org-agenda-max-effort~ :: + + #+vindex: org-agenda-max-effort + Limit the duration of accumulated efforts (as minutes). + +- ~org-agenda-max-todos~ :: + + #+vindex: org-agenda-max-todos + Limit the number of entries with TODO keywords. + +- ~org-agenda-max-tags~ :: + + #+vindex: org-agenda-max-tags + Limit the number of tagged entries. + +When set to a positive integer, each option excludes entries from +other categories: for example, =(setq org-agenda-max-effort 100)= +limits the agenda to 100 minutes of effort and exclude any entry that +has no effort property. If you want to include entries with no effort +property, use a negative value for ~org-agenda-max-effort~. One +useful setup is to use ~org-agenda-max-entries~ locally in a custom +command. For example, this custom command displays the next five +entries with a =NEXT= TODO keyword. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("n" todo "NEXT" + ((org-agenda-max-entries 5))))) +#+end_src + +Once you mark one of these five entry as DONE, rebuilding the agenda +will again the next five entries again, including the first entry that +was excluded so far. + +You can also dynamically set temporary limits, which are lost when +rebuilding the agenda: + +- {{{kbd(~ )}}} (~org-agenda-limit-interactively~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-limit-interactively + This prompts for the type of limit to apply and its value. + +** Commands in the Agenda Buffer +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Remote editing of Org trees. +:ALT_TITLE: Agenda Commands +:END: +#+cindex: commands, in agenda buffer + +Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the Org file or diary +file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda +buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the +original entry location, and to edit the Org files "remotely" from the +agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once, +removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge. + +Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For +the other commands, point needs to be in the desired line. + +*** Motion +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: motion commands in agenda + +- {{{kbd(n)}}} (~org-agenda-next-line~) :: + + #+kindex: n + #+findex: org-agenda-next-line + Next line (same as {{{kbd(DOWN)}}} and {{{kbd(C-n)}}}). + +- {{{kbd(p)}}} (~org-agenda-previous-line~) :: + + #+kindex: p + #+findex: org-agenda-previous-line + Previous line (same as {{{kbd(UP)}}} and {{{kbd(C-p)}}}). + +*** View/Go to Org file +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: view file commands in agenda + +- {{{kbd(SPC)}}} or {{{kbd(mouse-3)}}} (~org-agenda-show-and-scroll-up~) :: + + #+kindex: SPC + #+kindex: mouse-3 + #+findex: org-agenda-show-and-scroll-up + Display the original location of the item in another window. + With a prefix argument, make sure that drawers stay folded. + +- {{{kbd(L)}}} (~org-agenda-recenter~) :: + + #+findex: org-agenda-recenter + Display original location and recenter that window. + +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} or {{{kbd(mouse-2)}}} (~org-agenda-goto~) :: + + #+kindex: TAB + #+kindex: mouse-2 + #+findex: org-agenda-goto + Go to the original location of the item in another window. + +- {{{kbd(RET)}}} (~org-agenda-switch-to~) :: + + #+kindex: RET + #+findex: org-agenda-switch-to + Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows. + +- {{{kbd(F)}}} (~org-agenda-follow-mode~) :: + + #+kindex: F + #+findex: org-agenda-follow-mode + #+vindex: org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode + Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move point through the + agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding + location in the Org file. The initial setting for this mode in new + agenda buffers can be set with the variable + ~org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x b)}}} (~org-agenda-tree-to-indirect-buffer~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x b + #+findex: org-agenda-tree-to-indirect-buffer + Display the entire subtree of the current item in an indirect + buffer. With a numeric prefix argument N, go up to level N and then + take that tree. If N is negative, go up that many levels. With + a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, do not remove the previously used indirect + buffer. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} (~org-agenda-open-link~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-o + #+findex: org-agenda-open-link + Follow a link in the entry. This offers a selection of any links in + the text belonging to the referenced Org node. If there is only one + link, follow it without a selection prompt. + +*** Change display +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: change agenda display +#+cindex: display changing, in agenda + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(A)}}} :: + + #+kindex: A + Interactively select another agenda view and append it to the + current view. + +- {{{kbd(o)}}} :: + + #+kindex: o + Delete other windows. + +- {{{kbd(v d)}}} or short {{{kbd(d)}}} (~org-agenda-day-view~) :: + + #+kindex: v d + #+kindex: d + #+findex: org-agenda-day-view + Switch to day view. When switching to day view, this setting + becomes the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric + prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of + the year. For example, {{{kbd(32 d)}}} jumps to February 1st. When + setting day view, a year may be encoded in the prefix argument as + well. For example, {{{kbd(200712 d)}}} jumps to January 12, 2007. + If such a year specification has only one or two digits, it is + expanded into one of the 30 next years or the last 69 years. + +- {{{kbd(v w)}}} or short {{{kbd(w)}}} (~org-agenda-week-view~) :: + + #+kindex: v w + #+kindex: w + #+findex: org-agenda-week-view + Switch to week view. When switching week view, this setting becomes + the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric prefix + argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of the ISO + week. For example {{{kbd(9 w)}}} to ISO week number 9. When + setting week view, a year may be encoded in the prefix argument as + well. For example, {{{kbd(200712 w)}}} jumps to week 12 in 2007. + If such a year specification has only one or two digits, it is + expanded into one of the 30 next years or the last 69 years. + +- {{{kbd(v m)}}} (~org-agenda-month-view~) :: + + #+kindex: v m + #+findex: org-agenda-month-view + Switch to month view. Because month views are slow to create, they + do not become the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. + A numeric prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific + day of the month. When setting month view, a year may be encoded in + the prefix argument as well. For example, {{{kbd(200712 m)}}} jumps + to December, 2007. If such a year specification has only one or two + digits, it is expanded into one of the 30 next years or the last 69 + years. + +- {{{kbd(v y)}}} (~org-agenda-year-view~) :: + + #+kindex: v y + #+findex: org-agenda-year-view + Switch to year view. Because year views are slow to create, they do + not become the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric + prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of + the year. + +- {{{kbd(v SPC)}}} (~org-agenda-reset-view~) :: + + #+kindex: v SPC + #+findex: org-agenda-reset-view + #+vindex: org-agenda-span + Reset the current view to ~org-agenda-span~. + +- {{{kbd(f)}}} (~org-agenda-later~) :: + + #+kindex: f + #+findex: org-agenda-later + Go forward in time to display the span following the current one. + For example, if the display covers a week, switch to the following + week. With a prefix argument, repeat that many times. + +- {{{kbd(b)}}} (~org-agenda-earlier~) :: + + #+kindex: b + #+findex: org-agenda-earlier + Go backward in time to display earlier dates. + +- {{{kbd(.)}}} (~org-agenda-goto-today~) :: + + #+kindex: . + #+findex: org-agenda-goto-today + Go to today. + +- {{{kbd(j)}}} (~org-agenda-goto-date~) :: + + #+kindex: j + #+findex: org-agenda-goto-date + Prompt for a date and go there. + +- {{{kbd(J)}}} (~org-agenda-clock-goto~) :: + + #+kindex: J + #+findex: org-agenda-clock-goto + Go to the currently clocked-in task /in the agenda buffer/. + +- {{{kbd(D)}}} (~org-agenda-toggle-diary~) :: + + #+kindex: D + #+findex: org-agenda-toggle-diary + Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See [[*Weekly/daily agenda]]. + +- {{{kbd(v l)}}} or {{{kbd(v L)}}} or short {{{kbd(l)}}} (~org-agenda-log-mode~) :: + + #+kindex: v l + #+kindex: l + #+kindex: v L + #+findex: org-agenda-log-mode + #+vindex: org-log-done + #+vindex: org-agenda-log-mode-items + Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that were marked as + done while logging was on (see the variable ~org-log-done~) are + shown in the agenda, as are entries that have been clocked on that + day. You can configure the entry types that should be included in + log mode using the variable ~org-agenda-log-mode-items~. When + called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, show all possible + logbook entries, including state changes. When called with two + prefix arguments {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}}, show only logging information, + nothing else. {{{kbd(v L)}}} is equivalent to {{{kbd(C-u v l)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(v [)}}} or short {{{kbd([)}}} (~org-agenda-manipulate-query-add~) :: + + #+kindex: v [ + #+kindex: [ + #+findex: org-agenda-manipulate-query-add + Include inactive timestamps into the current view. Only for + weekly/daily agenda. + +- {{{kbd(v a)}}} (~org-agenda-archives-mode~) :: + + #+kindex: v a + #+findex: org-agenda-archives-mode + Toggle Archives mode. In Archives mode, trees that are archived + (see [[*Internal archiving]]) are also scanned when producing the + agenda. To exit archives mode, press {{{kbd(v a)}}} again. + +- {{{kbd(v A)}}} :: + + #+kindex: v A + Toggle Archives mode. Include all archive files as well. + +- {{{kbd(v R)}}} or short {{{kbd(R)}}} (~org-agenda-clockreport-mode~) :: + + #+kindex: v R + #+kindex: R + #+findex: org-agenda-clockreport-mode + #+vindex: org-agenda-start-with-clockreport-mode + #+vindex: org-clock-report-include-clocking-task + Toggle Clockreport mode. In Clockreport mode, the daily/weekly + agenda always shows a table with the clocked times for the time span + and file scope covered by the current agenda view. The initial + setting for this mode in new agenda buffers can be set with the + variable ~org-agenda-start-with-clockreport-mode~. By using + a prefix argument when toggling this mode (i.e., {{{kbd(C-u R)}}}), + the clock table does not show contributions from entries that are + hidden by agenda filtering[fn:99]. See also the variable + ~org-clock-report-include-clocking-task~. + +- {{{kbd(v c)}}} :: + + #+kindex: v c + #+vindex: org-agenda-clock-consistency-checks + Show overlapping clock entries, clocking gaps, and other clocking + problems in the current agenda range. You can then visit clocking + lines and fix them manually. See the variable + ~org-agenda-clock-consistency-checks~ for information on how to + customize the definition of what constituted a clocking problem. To + return to normal agenda display, press {{{kbd(l)}}} to exit Logbook + mode. + +- {{{kbd(v E)}}} or short {{{kbd(E)}}} (~org-agenda-entry-text-mode~) :: + + #+kindex: v E + #+kindex: E + #+findex: org-agenda-entry-text-mode + #+vindex: org-agenda-start-with-entry-text-mode + #+vindex: org-agenda-entry-text-maxlines + Toggle entry text mode. In entry text mode, a number of lines from + the Org outline node referenced by an agenda line are displayed + below the line. The maximum number of lines is given by the + variable ~org-agenda-entry-text-maxlines~. Calling this command + with a numeric prefix argument temporarily modifies that number to + the prefix value. + +- {{{kbd(G)}}} (~org-agenda-toggle-time-grid~) :: + + #+kindex: G + #+vindex: org-agenda-use-time-grid + #+vindex: org-agenda-time-grid + Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables + ~org-agenda-use-time-grid~ and ~org-agenda-time-grid~. + +- {{{kbd(r)}}} (~org-agenda-redo~), {{{kbd(g)}}} :: + + #+kindex: r + #+kindex: g + #+findex: org-agenda-redo + Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes after + modification of the timestamps of items with {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} and + {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}}. When the buffer is the global TODO list, + a prefix argument is interpreted to create a selective list for + a specific TODO keyword. + +- {{{kbd(C-x C-s)}}} or short {{{kbd(s)}}} (~org-save-all-org-buffers~) :: + + #+kindex: C-x C-s + #+findex: org-save-all-org-buffers + #+kindex: s + Save all Org buffers in the current Emacs session, and also the + locations of IDs. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-c)}}} (~org-agenda-columns~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-c + #+findex: org-agenda-columns + #+vindex: org-columns-default-format + Invoke column view (see [[*Column View]]) in the agenda buffer. The + column view format is taken from the entry at point, or, if there is + no entry at point, from the first entry in the agenda view. So + whatever the format for that entry would be in the original buffer + (taken from a property, from a =COLUMNS= keyword, or from the + default variable ~org-columns-default-format~) is used in the + agenda. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x >)}}} (~org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x > + #+findex: org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock + Remove the restriction lock on the agenda, if it is currently + restricted to a file or subtree (see [[*Agenda Files]]). + +- {{{kbd(M-UP)}}} (~org-agenda-drag-line-backward~) :: + + #+kindex: M-UP + #+findex: org-agenda-drag-line-backward + Drag the line at point backward one line. With a numeric prefix + argument, drag backward by that many lines. + + Moving agenda lines does not persist after an agenda refresh and + does not modify the contributing Org files. + +- {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} (~org-agenda-drag-line-forward~) :: + + #+kindex: M-DOWN + #+findex: org-agenda-drag-line-forward + Drag the line at point forward one line. With a numeric prefix + argument, drag forward by that many lines. + +*** Remote editing +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: remote editing, from agenda + +- {{{kbd(0--9)}}} :: + + Digit argument. + +- {{{kbd(C-_)}}} (~org-agenda-undo~) :: + + #+kindex: C-_ + #+findex: org-agenda-undo + #+cindex: undoing remote-editing events + #+cindex: remote editing, undo + Undo a change due to a remote editing command. The change is undone + both in the agenda buffer and in the remote buffer. + +- {{{kbd(t)}}} (~org-agenda-todo~) :: + + #+kindex: t + #+findex: org-agenda-todo + Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the + original Org file. A prefix arg is passed through to the ~org-todo~ + command, so for example a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix are will trigger + taking a note to document the state change. + +- {{{kbd(C-S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-agenda-todo-nextset~) :: + + #+kindex: C-S-RIGHT + #+findex: org-agenda-todo-nextset + Switch to the next set of TODO keywords. + +- {{{kbd(C-S-LEFT)}}}, ~org-agenda-todo-previousset~ :: + + #+kindex: C-S-LEFT + Switch to the previous set of TODO keywords. + +- {{{kbd(C-k)}}} (~org-agenda-kill~) :: + + #+kindex: C-k + #+findex: org-agenda-kill + #+vindex: org-agenda-confirm-kill + Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree + belonging to it in the original Org file. If the text to be deleted + remotely is longer than one line, the kill needs to be confirmed by + the user. See variable ~org-agenda-confirm-kill~. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}} (~org-agenda-refile~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-w + #+findex: org-agenda-refile + Refile the entry at point. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-a)}}} or short {{{kbd(a)}}} (~org-agenda-archive-default-with-confirmation~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-a + #+kindex: a + #+findex: org-agenda-archive-default-with-confirmation + #+vindex: org-archive-default-command + Archive the subtree corresponding to the entry at point using the + default archiving command set in ~org-archive-default-command~. + When using the {{{kbd(a)}}} key, confirmation is required. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x a)}}} (~org-agenda-toggle-archive-tag~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x a + #+findex: org-agenda-toggle-archive-tag + Toggle the archive tag (see [[*Internal archiving]]) for the current + headline. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x A)}}} (~org-agenda-archive-to-archive-sibling~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x A + #+findex: org-agenda-archive-to-archive-sibling + Move the subtree corresponding to the current entry to its /archive + sibling/. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-s)}}} or short {{{kbd($)}}} (~org-agenda-archive~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-s + #+kindex: $ + #+findex: org-agenda-archive + Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline. This + means the entry is moved to the configured archive location, most + likely a different file. + +- {{{kbd(T)}}} (~org-agenda-show-tags~) :: + + #+kindex: T + #+findex: org-agenda-show-tags + #+vindex: org-agenda-show-inherited-tags + Show all tags associated with the current item. This is useful if + you have turned off ~org-agenda-show-inherited-tags~, but still want + to see all tags of a headline occasionally. + +- {{{kbd(:)}}} (~org-agenda-set-tags~) :: + + #+kindex: : + #+findex: org-agenda-set-tags + Set tags for the current headline. If there is an active region in + the agenda, change a tag for all headings in the region. + +- {{{kbd(\,)}}} (~org-agenda-priority~) :: + + #+kindex: , + #+findex: org-agenda-priority + Set the priority for the current item. Org mode prompts for the + priority character. If you reply with {{{kbd(SPC)}}}, the priority + cookie is removed from the entry. + +- {{{kbd(+)}}} or {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} (~org-agenda-priority-up~) :: + + #+kindex: + + #+kindex: S-UP + #+findex: org-agenda-priority-up + Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is changed + in the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted. Use the + {{{kbd(r)}}} key for this. + +- {{{kbd(-)}}} or {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} (~org-agenda-priority-down~) :: + + #+kindex: - + #+kindex: S-DOWN + #+findex: org-agenda-priority-down + Decrease the priority of the current item. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x e)}}} or short {{{kbd(e)}}} (~org-agenda-set-effort~) :: + + #+kindex: e + #+kindex: C-c C-x e + #+findex: org-agenda-set-effort + Set the effort property for the current item. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-z)}}} or short {{{kbd(z)}}} (~org-agenda-add-note~) :: + + #+kindex: z + #+kindex: C-c C-z + #+findex: org-agenda-add-note + #+vindex: org-log-into-drawer + Add a note to the entry. This note is recorded, and then filed to + the same location where state change notes are put. Depending on + ~org-log-into-drawer~, this may be inside a drawer. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-a)}}} (~org-attach~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-a + #+findex: org-attach + Dispatcher for all command related to attachments. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-s)}}} (~org-agenda-schedule~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-s + #+findex: org-agenda-schedule + Schedule this item. With a prefix argument, remove the + scheduling timestamp + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-d)}}} (~org-agenda-deadline~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-d + #+findex: org-agenda-deadline + Set a deadline for this item. With a prefix argument, remove the + deadline. + +- {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} (~org-agenda-do-date-later~) :: + + #+kindex: S-RIGHT + #+findex: org-agenda-do-date-later + Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day + into the future. If the date is in the past, the first call to this + command moves it to today. With a numeric prefix argument, change + it by that many days. For example, {{{kbd(3 6 5 S-RIGHT)}}} changes + it by a year. With a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, change the time by one + hour. If you immediately repeat the command, it will continue to + change hours even without the prefix argument. With a double + {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} prefix, do the same for changing minutes. The + stamp is changed in the original Org file, but the change is not + directly reflected in the agenda buffer. Use {{{kbd(r)}}} or + {{{kbd(g)}}} to update the buffer. + +- {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} (~org-agenda-do-date-earlier~) :: + + #+kindex: S-LEFT + #+findex: org-agenda-do-date-earlier + Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day + into the past. + +- {{{kbd(>)}}} (~org-agenda-date-prompt~) :: + + #+kindex: > + #+findex: org-agenda-date-prompt + Change the timestamp associated with the current line. The key + {{{kbd(>)}}} has been chosen, because it is the same as + {{{kbd(S-.)}}} on my keyboard. + +- {{{kbd(I)}}} (~org-agenda-clock-in~) :: + + #+kindex: I + #+findex: org-agenda-clock-in + Start the clock on the current item. If a clock is running already, + it is stopped first. + +- {{{kbd(O)}}} (~org-agenda-clock-out~) :: + + #+kindex: O + #+findex: org-agenda-clock-out + Stop the previously started clock. + +- {{{kbd(X)}}} (~org-agenda-clock-cancel~) :: + + #+kindex: X + #+findex: org-agenda-clock-cancel + Cancel the currently running clock. + +- {{{kbd(J)}}} (~org-agenda-clock-goto~) :: + + #+kindex: J + #+findex: org-agenda-clock-goto + Jump to the running clock in another window. + +- {{{kbd(k)}}} (~org-agenda-capture~) :: + + #+kindex: k + #+findex: org-agenda-capture + #+cindex: capturing, from agenda + #+vindex: org-capture-use-agenda-date + Like ~org-capture~, but use the date at point as the default date + for the capture template. See ~org-capture-use-agenda-date~ to make + this the default behavior of ~org-capture~. + +*** Bulk remote editing selected entries +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: remote editing, bulk, from agenda +#+vindex: org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions + +- {{{kbd(m)}}} (~org-agenda-bulk-mark~) :: + #+kindex: m + #+findex: org-agenda-bulk-mark + + Mark the entry at point for bulk action. If there is an active + region in the agenda, mark the entries in the region. With numeric + prefix argument, mark that many successive entries. + +- {{{kbd(*)}}} (~org-agenda-bulk-mark-all~) :: + #+kindex: * + #+findex: org-agenda-bulk-mark-all + + Mark all visible agenda entries for bulk action. + +- {{{kbd(u)}}} (~org-agenda-bulk-unmark~) :: + #+kindex: u + #+findex: org-agenda-bulk-unmark + + Unmark entry for bulk action. + +- {{{kbd(U)}}} (~org-agenda-bulk-remove-all-marks~) :: + #+kindex: U + #+findex: org-agenda-bulk-remove-all-marks + + Unmark all marked entries for bulk action. + +- {{{kbd(M-m)}}} (~org-agenda-bulk-toggle~) :: + #+kindex: M-m + #+findex: org-agenda-bulk-toggle + + Toggle mark of the entry at point for bulk action. + +- {{{kbd(M-*)}}} (~org-agenda-bulk-toggle-all~) :: + #+kindex: M-* + #+findex: org-agenda-bulk-toggle-all + + Toggle mark of every entry for bulk action. + +- {{{kbd(%)}}} (~org-agenda-bulk-mark-regexp~) :: + #+kindex: % + #+findex: org-agenda-bulk-mark-regexp + + Mark entries matching a regular expression for bulk action. + +- {{{kbd(B)}}} (~org-agenda-bulk-action~) :: + #+kindex: B + #+findex: org-agenda-bulk-action + #+vindex: org-agenda-bulk-persistent-marks + + Bulk action: act on all marked entries in the agenda. This prompts + for another key to select the action to be applied. The prefix + argument to {{{kbd(B)}}} is passed through to the {{{kbd(s)}}} and + {{{kbd(d)}}} commands, to bulk-remove these special timestamps. By + default, marks are removed after the bulk. If you want them to + persist, set ~org-agenda-bulk-persistent-marks~ to ~t~ or hit + {{{kbd(p)}}} at the prompt. + + - {{{kbd(p)}}} :: + + Toggle persistent marks. + + - {{{kbd($)}}} :: + + Archive all selected entries. + + - {{{kbd(A)}}} :: + + Archive entries by moving them to their respective archive + siblings. + + - {{{kbd(t)}}} :: + + Change TODO state. This prompts for a single TODO keyword and + changes the state of all selected entries, bypassing blocking and + suppressing logging notes---but not timestamps. + + - {{{kbd(+)}}} :: + + Add a tag to all selected entries. + + - {{{kbd(-)}}} :: + + Remove a tag from all selected entries. + + - {{{kbd(s)}}} :: + + Schedule all items to a new date. To shift existing schedule + dates by a fixed number of days, use something starting with + double plus at the prompt, for example =++8d= or =++2w=. + + - {{{kbd(d)}}} :: + + Set deadline to a specific date. + + - {{{kbd(r)}}} :: + + Prompt for a single refile target and move all entries. The + entries are no longer in the agenda; refresh ({{{kbd(g)}}}) to + bring them back. + + - {{{kbd(S)}}} :: + + Reschedule randomly into the coming N days. N is prompted for. + With a prefix argument ({{{kbd(C-u B S)}}}), scatter only across + weekdays. + + - {{{kbd(f)}}} :: + + #+vindex: org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions + Apply a function[fn:100] to marked entries. For example, the + function below sets the =CATEGORY= property of the entries to + =web=. + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (defun set-category () + (interactive "P") + (let ((marker (or (org-get-at-bol 'org-hd-marker) + (org-agenda-error)))) + (org-with-point-at marker + (org-back-to-heading t) + (org-set-property "CATEGORY" "web")))) + #+end_src + +*** Calendar commands +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: calendar commands, from agenda + +- {{{kbd(c)}}} (~org-agenda-goto-calendar~) :: + + #+kindex: c + #+findex: org-agenda-goto-calendar + Open the Emacs calendar and go to the date at point in the agenda. + +- {{{kbd(c)}}} (~org-calendar-goto-agenda~) :: + + #+kindex: c + #+findex: org-calendar-goto-agenda + When in the calendar, compute and show the Org agenda for the date + at point. + +- {{{kbd(i)}}} (~org-agenda-diary-entry~) :: + #+kindex: i + #+findex: org-agenda-diary-entry + + #+cindex: diary entries, creating from agenda + Insert a new entry into the diary, using the date at point and (for + block entries) the date at the mark. This adds to the Emacs diary + file[fn:101], in a way similar to the {{{kbd(i)}}} command in the + calendar. The diary file pops up in another window, where you can + add the entry. + + #+vindex: org-agenda-diary-file + If you configure ~org-agenda-diary-file~ to point to an Org file, + Org creates entries in that file instead. Most entries are stored + in a date-based outline tree that will later make it easy to archive + appointments from previous months/years. The tree is built under an + entry with a =DATE_TREE= property, or else with years as top-level + entries. Emacs prompts you for the entry text---if you specify it, + the entry is created in ~org-agenda-diary-file~ without further + interaction. If you directly press {{{kbd(RET)}}} at the prompt + without typing text, the target file is shown in another window for + you to finish the entry there. See also the {{{kbd(k r)}}} command. + +- {{{kbd(M)}}} (~org-agenda-phases-of-moon~) :: + + #+kindex: M + #+findex: org-agenda-phases-of-moon + Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current + date. + +- {{{kbd(S)}}} (~org-agenda-sunrise-sunset~) :: + + #+kindex: S + #+findex: org-agenda-sunrise-sunset + Show sunrise and sunset times. The geographical location must be + set with calendar variables, see the documentation for the Emacs + calendar. + +- {{{kbd(C)}}} (~org-agenda-convert-date~) :: + + #+kindex: C + #+findex: org-agenda-convert-date + Convert the date at point into many other cultural and historic + calendars. + +- {{{kbd(H)}}} (~org-agenda-holidays~) :: + + #+kindex: H + #+findex: org-agenda-holidays + Show holidays for three months around point date. + +*** Quit and exit +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(q)}}} (~org-agenda-quit~) :: + #+kindex: q + #+findex: org-agenda-quit + + Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer. + +- {{{kbd(x)}}} (~org-agenda-exit~) :: + #+kindex: x + #+findex: org-agenda-exit + + #+cindex: agenda files, removing buffers + Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by + Emacs for the compilation of the agenda. Buffers created by the + user to visit Org files are not removed. + +** Custom Agenda Views +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Defining special searches and views. +:END: +#+cindex: custom agenda views +#+cindex: agenda views, custom + +Custom agenda commands serve two purposes: to store and quickly access +frequently used TODO and tags searches, and to create special +composite agenda buffers. Custom agenda commands are accessible +through the dispatcher (see [[*The Agenda Dispatcher]]), just like the +default commands. + +*** Storing searches +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Type once, use often. +:END: + +The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard +shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda +buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the +current buffer). + +#+kindex: C @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands +#+cindex: agenda views, main example +#+cindex: agenda, as an agenda views +#+cindex: agenda*, as an agenda views +#+cindex: tags, as an agenda view +#+cindex: todo, as an agenda view +#+cindex: tags-todo +#+cindex: todo-tree +#+cindex: occur-tree +#+cindex: tags-tree +Custom commands are configured in the variable +~org-agenda-custom-commands~. You can customize this variable, for +example by pressing {{{kbd(C)}}} from the agenda dispatcher (see [[*The +Agenda Dispatcher]]). You can also directly set it with Emacs Lisp in +the Emacs init file. The following example contains all valid agenda +views: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("x" agenda) + ("y" agenda*) + ("w" todo "WAITING") + ("W" todo-tree "WAITING") + ("u" tags "+boss-urgent") + ("v" tags-todo "+boss-urgent") + ("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent") + ("f" occur-tree "\\") + ("h" . "HOME+Name tags searches") ;description for "h" prefix + ("hl" tags "+home+Lisa") + ("hp" tags "+home+Peter") + ("hk" tags "+home+Kim"))) +#+end_src + +The initial string in each entry defines the keys you have to press +after the dispatcher command in order to access the command. Usually +this is just a single character, but if you have many similar +commands, you can also define two-letter combinations where the first +character is the same in several combinations and serves as a prefix +key[fn:102]. The second parameter is the search type, followed by the +string or regular expression to be used for the matching. The example +above will therefore define: + +- {{{kbd(x)}}} :: + + as a global search for agenda entries planned[fn:103] this week/day. + +- {{{kbd(y)}}} :: + + as the same search, but only for entries with an hour specification + like =[h]h:mm=---think of them as appointments. + +- {{{kbd(w)}}} :: + + as a global search for TODO entries with =WAITING= as the TODO + keyword. + +- {{{kbd(W)}}} :: + + as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying + the results as a sparse tree. + +- {{{kbd(u)}}} :: + + as a global tags search for headlines tagged =boss= but not + =urgent=. + +- {{{kbd(v)}}} :: + + The same search, but limiting it to headlines that are also TODO + items. + +- {{{kbd(U)}}} :: + + as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying + the result as a sparse tree. + +- {{{kbd(f)}}} :: + + to create a sparse tree (again, current buffer only) with all + entries containing the word =FIXME=. + +- {{{kbd(h)}}} :: + + as a prefix command for a =HOME= tags search where you have to press + an additional key ({{{kbd(l)}}}, {{{kbd(p)}}} or {{{kbd(k)}}}) to + select a name (Lisa, Peter, or Kim) as additional tag to match. + +Note that ~*-tree~ agenda views need to be called from an Org buffer +as they operate on the current buffer only. + +*** Block agenda +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: All the stuff you need in a single buffer. +:END: +#+cindex: block agenda +#+cindex: agenda, with block views + +Another possibility is the construction of agenda views that comprise +the results of /several/ commands, each of which creates a block in +the agenda buffer. The available commands include ~agenda~ for the +daily or weekly agenda (as created with {{{kbd(a)}}}) , ~alltodo~ for +the global TODO list (as constructed with {{{kbd(t)}}}), ~stuck~ for +the list of stuck projects (as obtained with {{{kbd(#)}}}) and the +matching commands discussed above: ~todo~, ~tags~, and ~tags-todo~. + +Here are two examples: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" + ((agenda "") + (tags-todo "home") + (tags "garden"))) + ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" + ((agenda "") + (tags-todo "work") + (tags "office"))))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +This defines {{{kbd(h)}}} to create a multi-block view for stuff you +need to attend to at home. The resulting agenda buffer contains your +agenda for the current week, all TODO items that carry the tag =home=, +and also all lines tagged with =garden=. Finally the command +{{{kbd(o)}}} provides a similar view for office tasks. + +*** Setting options for custom commands +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Changing the rules. +:ALT_TITLE: Setting options +:END: +#+cindex: options, for custom agenda views + +#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands +Org mode contains a number of variables regulating agenda construction +and display. The global variables define the behavior for all agenda +commands, including the custom commands. However, if you want to +change some settings just for a single custom view, you can do so. +Setting options requires inserting a list of variable names and values +at the right spot in ~org-agenda-custom-commands~. For example: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("w" todo "WAITING" + ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down)) + (org-agenda-prefix-format " Mixed: "))) + ("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent" + ((org-show-context-detail 'minimal))) + ("N" search "" + ((org-agenda-files '("~org/notes.org")) + (org-agenda-text-search-extra-files nil))))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Now the {{{kbd(w)}}} command sorts the collected entries only by +priority, and the prefix format is modified to just say =Mixed:= +instead of giving the category of the entry. The sparse tags tree of +{{{kbd(U)}}} now turns out ultra-compact, because neither the headline +hierarchy above the match, nor the headline following the match are +shown. The command {{{kbd(N)}}} does a text search limited to only +a single file. + +For command sets creating a block agenda, ~org-agenda-custom-commands~ +has two separate spots for setting options. You can add options that +should be valid for just a single command in the set, and options that +should be valid for all commands in the set. The former are just +added to the command entry; the latter must come after the list of +command entries. Going back to the block agenda example (see [[*Block +agenda]]), let's change the sorting strategy for the {{{kbd(h)}}} +commands to ~priority-down~, but let's sort the results for =garden= +tags query in the opposite order, ~priority-up~. This would look like +this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" + ((agenda) + (tags-todo "home") + (tags "garden" + ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up))))) + ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down)))) + ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" + ((agenda) + (tags-todo "work") + (tags "office"))))) +#+end_src + +As you see, the values and parentheses setting is a little complex. +When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable---it +fully supports its structure. Just one caveat: when setting options +in this interface, the /values/ are just Lisp expressions. So if the +value is a string, you need to add the double-quotes around the value +yourself. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts +To control whether an agenda command should be accessible from +a specific context, you can customize +~org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts~. Let's say for example that you +have an agenda command {{{kbd(o)}}} displaying a view that you only +need when reading emails. Then you would configure this option like +this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts + '(("o" (in-mode . "message-mode")))) +#+end_src + +You can also tell that the command key {{{kbd(o)}}} should refer to +another command key {{{kbd(r)}}}. In that case, add this command key +like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts + '(("o" "r" (in-mode . "message-mode")))) +#+end_src + +See the docstring of the variable for more information. + +** Exporting Agenda Views +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Writing a view to a file. +:END: +#+cindex: agenda views, exporting + +If you are away from your computer, it can be very useful to have +a printed version of some agenda views to carry around. Org mode can +export custom agenda views as plain text, HTML[fn:104], Postscript, +PDF[fn:105], and iCalendar files. If you want to do this only +occasionally, use the following command: + +- {{{kbd(C-x C-w)}}} (~org-agenda-write~) :: + #+kindex: C-x C-w + #+findex: org-agenda-write + #+cindex: exporting agenda views + #+cindex: agenda views, exporting + + #+vindex: org-agenda-exporter-settings + Write the agenda view to a file. + +If you need to export certain agenda views frequently, you can +associate any custom agenda command with a list of output file +names[fn:106]. Here is an example that first defines custom commands +for the agenda and the global TODO list, together with a number of +files to which to export them. Then we define two block agenda +commands and specify file names for them as well. File names can be +relative to the current working directory, or absolute. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("X" agenda "" nil ("agenda.html" "agenda.ps")) + ("Y" alltodo "" nil ("todo.html" "todo.txt" "todo.ps")) + ("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" + ((agenda "") + (tags-todo "home") + (tags "garden")) + nil + ("~/views/home.html")) + ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" + ((agenda) + (tags-todo "work") + (tags "office")) + nil + ("~/views/office.ps" "~/calendars/office.ics")))) +#+end_src + +The extension of the file name determines the type of export. If it +is =.html=, Org mode uses the htmlize package to convert the buffer to +HTML and save it to this file name. If the extension is =.ps=, +~ps-print-buffer-with-faces~ is used to produce Postscript output. If +the extension is =.ics=, iCalendar export is run export over all files +that were used to construct the agenda, and limit the export to +entries listed in the agenda. Any other extension produces a plain +ASCII file. + +The export files are /not/ created when you use one of those +commands interactively because this might use too much overhead. +Instead, there is a special command to produce /all/ specified +files in one step: + +- {{{kbd(e)}}} (~org-store-agenda-views~) :: + + #+kindex: e @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} + #+findex: org-store-agenda-views + Export all agenda views that have export file names associated with + them. + +You can use the options section of the custom agenda commands to also +set options for the export commands. For example: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("X" agenda "" + ((ps-number-of-columns 2) + (ps-landscape-mode t) + (org-agenda-prefix-format " [ ] ") + (org-agenda-with-colors nil) + (org-agenda-remove-tags t)) + ("theagenda.ps")))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +#+vindex: org-agenda-exporter-settings +This command sets two options for the Postscript exporter, to make it +print in two columns in landscape format---the resulting page can be +cut in two and then used in a paper agenda. The remaining settings +modify the agenda prefix to omit category and scheduling information, +and instead include a checkbox to check off items. We also remove the +tags to make the lines compact, and we do not want to use colors for +the black-and-white printer. Settings specified in +~org-agenda-exporter-settings~ also apply, e.g., + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-agenda-exporter-settings + '((ps-number-of-columns 2) + (ps-landscape-mode t) + (org-agenda-add-entry-text-maxlines 5) + (htmlize-output-type 'css))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +but the settings in ~org-agenda-custom-commands~ take precedence. + +From the command line you may also use: + +#+begin_src shell +emacs -eval (org-batch-store-agenda-views) -kill +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +or, if you need to modify some parameters[fn:107] + +#+begin_src shell +emacs -eval '(org-batch-store-agenda-views \ + org-agenda-span (quote month) \ + org-agenda-start-day "2007-11-01" \ + org-agenda-include-diary nil \ + org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \ + -kill +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +which creates the agenda views restricted to the file +=~/org/project.org=, without diary entries and with a 30-day extent. + +You can also extract agenda information in a way that allows further +processing by other programs. See [[*Extracting Agenda Information]], for +more information. + +** Using Column View in the Agenda +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Using column view for collected entries. +:ALT_TITLE: Agenda Column View +:END: +#+cindex: column view, in agenda +#+cindex: agenda, column view + +Column view (see [[*Column View]]) is normally used to view and edit +properties embedded in the hierarchical structure of an Org file. It +can be quite useful to use column view also from the agenda, where +entries are collected by certain criteria. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-c)}}} (~org-agenda-columns~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-c + #+findex: org-agenda-columns + + Turn on column view in the agenda. + +To understand how to use this properly, it is important to realize +that the entries in the agenda are no longer in their proper outline +environment. This causes the following issues: + +1. + #+vindex: org-columns-default-format-for-agenda + #+vindex: org-columns-default-format + Org needs to make a decision which columns format to use. Since + the entries in the agenda are collected from different files, and + different files may have different columns formats, this is a + non-trivial problem. Org first checks if + ~org-overriding-columns-format~ is currently set, and if so, takes + the format from there. You should set this variable only in the + /local settings section/ of a custom agenda command (see [[*Custom + Agenda Views]]) to make it valid for that specific agenda view. If + no such binding exists, it checks, in sequence, + ~org-columns-default-format-for-agenda~, the format associated with + the first item in the agenda (through a property or a =#+COLUMNS= + setting in that buffer) and finally ~org-columns-default-format~. + +2. + #+cindex: @samp{CLOCKSUM}, special property + If any of the columns has a summary type defined (see [[*Column + attributes]]), turning on column view in the agenda visits all + relevant agenda files and make sure that the computations of this + property are up to date. This is also true for the special + =CLOCKSUM= property. Org then sums the values displayed in the + agenda. In the daily/weekly agenda, the sums cover a single day; + in all other views they cover the entire block. + + It is important to realize that the agenda may show the same entry + /twice/---for example as scheduled and as a deadline---and it may + show two entries from the same hierarchy (for example a /parent/ + and its /child/). In these cases, the summation in the agenda + leads to incorrect results because some values count double. + +3. When the column view in the agenda shows the =CLOCKSUM= property, + that is always the entire clocked time for this item. So even in + the daily/weekly agenda, the clocksum listed in column view may + originate from times outside the current view. This has the + advantage that you can compare these values with a column listing + the planned total effort for a task---one of the major + applications for column view in the agenda. If you want + information about clocked time in the displayed period use clock + table mode (press {{{kbd(R)}}} in the agenda). + +4. + #+cindex: @samp{CLOCKSUM_T}, special property + When the column view in the agenda shows the =CLOCKSUM_T= property, + that is always today's clocked time for this item. So even in the + weekly agenda, the clocksum listed in column view only originates + from today. This lets you compare the time you spent on a task for + today, with the time already spent---via =CLOCKSUM=---and with + the planned total effort for it. + +* Markup for Rich Contents +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Compose beautiful documents. +:END: + +Org is primarily about organizing and searching through your +plain-text notes. However, it also provides a lightweight yet robust +markup language for rich text formatting and more. For instance, you +may want to center or emphasize text. Or you may need to insert +a formula or image in your writing. Org offers syntax for all of this +and more. Used in conjunction with the export framework (see +[[*Exporting]]), you can author beautiful documents in Org---like the fine +manual you are currently reading. + +** Paragraphs +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The basic unit of text. +:END: + +#+cindex: paragraphs, markup rules +Paragraphs are separated by at least one empty line. If you need to +enforce a line break within a paragraph, use =\\= at the end of +a line. + +#+cindex: line breaks, markup rules +To preserve the line breaks, indentation and blank lines in a region, +but otherwise use normal formatting, you can use this construct, which +can also be used to format poetry. + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_VERSE} +#+cindex: verse blocks +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_VERSE + Great clouds overhead + Tiny black birds rise and fall + Snow covers Emacs + + ---AlexSchroeder +,#+END_VERSE +#+end_example + +When quoting a passage from another document, it is customary to +format this as a paragraph that is indented on both the left and the +right margin. You can include quotations in Org documents like this: + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_QUOTE} +#+cindex: quote blocks +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_QUOTE +Everything should be made as simple as possible, +but not any simpler ---Albert Einstein +,#+END_QUOTE +#+end_example + +If you would like to center some text, do it like this: + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_CENTER} +#+cindex: center blocks +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_CENTER +Everything should be made as simple as possible, \\ +but not any simpler +,#+END_CENTER +#+end_example + +** Emphasis and Monospace +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Bold, italic, etc. +:END: +#+cindex: underlined text, markup rules +#+cindex: bold text, markup rules +#+cindex: italic text, markup rules +#+cindex: verbatim text, markup rules +#+cindex: code text, markup rules +#+cindex: strike-through text, markup rules + +You can make words =*bold*=, =/italic/=, =_underlined_=, ==verbatim== +and =~code~=, and, if you must, =+strike-through+=. Text in the code +and verbatim string is not processed for Org specific syntax; it is +exported verbatim. + +#+vindex: org-fontify-emphasized-text +To turn off fontification for marked up text, you can set +~org-fontify-emphasized-text~ to ~nil~. To narrow down the list of +available markup syntax, you can customize ~org-emphasis-alist~. + +Sometimes, when marked text also contains the marker character itself, +the result may be unsettling. For example, + +#+begin_example +/One may expect this whole sentence to be italicized, but the +following ~user/?variable~ contains =/= character, which effectively +stops emphasis there./ +#+end_example + +You can use zero width space to help Org sorting out the ambiguity. +See [[*Escape Character]] for more details. + +** Subscripts and Superscripts +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text. +:END: +#+cindex: subscript +#+cindex: superscript + +=^= and =_= are used to indicate super- and subscripts. To increase +the readability of ASCII text, it is not necessary, but OK, to +surround multi-character sub- and superscripts with curly braces. For +example + +#+begin_example +The radius of the sun is R_sun = 6.96 x 10^8 m. On the other hand, +the radius of Alpha Centauri is R_{Alpha Centauri} = 1.28 x R_{sun}. +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-use-sub-superscripts +If you write a text where the underscore is often used in a different +context, Org's convention to always interpret these as subscripts can +get in your way. Configure the variable ~org-use-sub-superscripts~ to +change this convention. For example, when setting this variable to +~{}~, =a_b= is not interpreted as a subscript, but =a_{b}= is. + +You can set ~org-use-sub-superscripts~ in a file using the export +option =^:= (see [[*Export Settings][Export Settings]]). For example, =#+OPTIONS: ^:{}= +sets ~org-use-sub-superscripts~ to ~{}~ and limits super- and +subscripts to the curly bracket notation. + +You can also toggle the visual display of super- and subscripts: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x \)}}} (~org-toggle-pretty-entities~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x \ + #+findex: org-toggle-pretty-entities + This command formats sub- and superscripts in a WYSIWYM way. + +#+vindex: org-pretty-entities +#+vindex: org-pretty-entities-include-sub-superscripts +Set both ~org-pretty-entities~ and +~org-pretty-entities-include-sub-superscripts~ to ~t~ to start with +super- and subscripts /visually/ interpreted as specified by the +option ~org-use-sub-superscripts~. + +** Special Symbols +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Greek letters and other symbols. +:END: +#+cindex: math symbols +#+cindex: special symbols +#+cindex: entities + +You can use LaTeX-like syntax to insert special symbols---named +entities---like =\alpha= to indicate the Greek letter, or =\to= to indicate +an arrow. Completion for these symbols is available, just type =\= +and maybe a few letters, and press {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} to see possible +completions. If you need such a symbol inside a word, terminate it +with a pair of curly brackets. For example + +#+begin_example +Pro tip: Given a circle \Gamma of diameter d, the length of its +circumference is \pi{}d. +#+end_example + +#+findex: org-entities-help +#+vindex: org-entities-user +A large number of entities is provided, with names taken from both +HTML and LaTeX; you can comfortably browse the complete list from +a dedicated buffer using the command ~org-entities-help~. It is also +possible to provide your own special symbols in the variable +~org-entities-user~. + +During export, these symbols are transformed into the native format of +the exporter back-end. Strings like =\alpha= are exported as =α= in +the HTML output, and as =\(\alpha\)= in the LaTeX output. Similarly, =\nbsp= +becomes = = in HTML and =~= in LaTeX. + +#+cindex: special symbols, in-buffer display +If you would like to see entities displayed as UTF-8 characters, use +the following command[fn:108]: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x \)}}} (~org-toggle-pretty-entities~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-x \ + #+findex: org-toggle-pretty-entities + + Toggle display of entities as UTF-8 characters. This does not + change the buffer content which remains plain ASCII, but it overlays + the UTF-8 character for display purposes only. + +#+cindex: shy hyphen, special symbol +#+cindex: dash, special symbol +#+cindex: ellipsis, special symbol +In addition to regular entities defined above, Org exports in +a special way[fn:109] the following commonly used character +combinations: =\-= is treated as a shy hyphen, =--= and =---= are +converted into dashes, and =...= becomes a compact set of dots. + +** Embedded LaTeX +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents. +:END: +#+cindex: @TeX{} interpretation +#+cindex: @LaTeX{} interpretation + +Plain ASCII is normally sufficient for almost all note taking. +Exceptions include scientific notes, which often require mathematical +symbols and the occasional formula. LaTeX[fn:110] is widely used to +typeset scientific documents. Org mode supports embedding LaTeX code +into its files, because many academics are used to writing and reading +LaTeX source code, and because it can be readily processed to produce +pretty output for a number of export back-ends. + +*** LaTeX fragments +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Complex formulas made easy. +:END: +#+cindex: @LaTeX{} fragments + +#+vindex: org-format-latex-header +Org mode can contain LaTeX math fragments, and it supports ways to +process these for several export back-ends. When exporting to LaTeX, +the code is left as it is. When exporting to HTML, Org can use either +[[https://www.mathjax.org][MathJax]] (see [[*Math formatting in HTML export]]) or transcode the math +into images (see [[*Previewing LaTeX fragments]]). + +LaTeX fragments do not need any special marking at all. The following +snippets are identified as LaTeX source code: + +- Environments of any kind[fn:111]. The only requirement is that the + =\begin= statement appears on a new line, preceded by only + whitespace. + +- Text within the usual LaTeX math delimiters. To avoid conflicts + with currency specifications, single =$= characters are only + recognized as math delimiters if the enclosed text contains at most + two line breaks, is directly attached to the =$= characters with no + whitespace in between, and if the closing =$= is followed by + whitespace, punctuation or a dash. For the other delimiters, there + is no such restriction, so when in doubt, use =\(...\)= as inline + math delimiters. + +#+texinfo: @noindent +For example: + +#+begin_example +\begin{equation} % arbitrary environments, +x=\sqrt{b} % even tables, figures +\end{equation} % etc + +If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be +either $$ a=+\sqrt{2} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt{2} \]. +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-export-with-latex +LaTeX processing can be configured with the variable +~org-export-with-latex~. The default setting is ~t~ which means +MathJax for HTML, and no processing for ASCII and LaTeX back-ends. +You can also set this variable on a per-file basis using one of these +lines: + +| =#+OPTIONS: tex:t= | Do the right thing automatically (MathJax) | +| =#+OPTIONS: tex:nil= | Do not process LaTeX fragments at all | +| =#+OPTIONS: tex:verbatim= | Verbatim export, for jsMath or so | + +*** Previewing LaTeX fragments +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What will this snippet look like? +:END: +#+cindex: @LaTeX{} fragments, preview + +#+vindex: org-preview-latex-default-process +If you have a working LaTeX installation and =dvipng=, =dvisvgm= or +=convert= installed[fn:112], LaTeX fragments can be processed to +produce images of the typeset expressions to be used for inclusion +while exporting to HTML (see [[*LaTeX fragments]]), or for inline +previewing within Org mode. + +#+vindex: org-format-latex-options +#+vindex: org-format-latex-header +You can customize the variables ~org-format-latex-options~ and +~org-format-latex-header~ to influence some aspects of the preview. +In particular, the ~:scale~ (and for HTML export, ~:html-scale~) +property of the former can be used to adjust the size of the preview +images. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-l)}}} (~org-latex-preview~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-l + #+findex: org-latex-preview + + Produce a preview image of the LaTeX fragment at point and overlay + it over the source code. If there is no fragment at point, process + all fragments in the current entry---between two headlines. + + When called with a single prefix argument, clear all images in the + current entry. Two prefix arguments produce a preview image for all + fragments in the buffer, while three of them clear all the images in + that buffer. + +#+vindex: org-startup-with-latex-preview +You can turn on the previewing of all LaTeX fragments in a file with + +: #+STARTUP: latexpreview + +To disable it, simply use + +: #+STARTUP: nolatexpreview + +*** Using CDLaTeX to enter math +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Speed up entering of formulas. +:ALT_TITLE: CDLaTeX mode +:END: +#+cindex: CD@LaTeX{} + +CDLaTeX mode is a minor mode that is normally used in combination with +a major LaTeX mode like AUCTeX in order to speed-up insertion of +environments and math templates. Inside Org mode, you can make use of +some of the features of CDLaTeX mode. You need to install +=cdlatex.el= and =texmathp.el= (the latter comes also with AUCTeX) +using [[https://melpa.org/][MELPA]] with the [[https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Package-Installation.html][Emacs packaging system]] or alternatively from +[[https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/c.dominik/Tools/cdlatex/]]. Do not use +CDLaTeX mode itself under Org mode, but use the special version Org +CDLaTeX minor mode that comes as part of Org. Turn it on for the +current buffer with {{{kbd(M-x org-cdlatex-mode)}}}, or for all Org +files with + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook #'turn-on-org-cdlatex) +#+end_src + +When this mode is enabled, the following features are present (for +more details see the documentation of CDLaTeX mode): + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c {)}}} :: + #+kindex: C-c @{ + + Insert an environment template. + +- {{{kbd(TAB)}}} :: + #+kindex: TAB + + The {{{kbd(TAB)}}} key expands the template if point is inside + a LaTeX fragment[fn:113]. For example, {{{kbd(TAB)}}} expands =fr= + to =\frac{}{}= and position point correctly inside the first brace. + Another {{{kbd(TAB)}}} gets you into the second brace. + + Even outside fragments, {{{kbd(TAB)}}} expands environment + abbreviations at the beginning of a line. For example, if you write + =equ= at the beginning of a line and press {{{kbd(TAB)}}}, this + abbreviation is expanded to an =equation= environment. To get + a list of all abbreviations, type {{{kbd(M-x + cdlatex-command-help)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(^)}}}, {{{kbd(_)}}} :: + #+kindex: _ + #+kindex: ^ + #+vindex: cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts + + Pressing {{{kbd(_)}}} and {{{kbd(^)}}} inside a LaTeX fragment + inserts these characters together with a pair of braces. If you use + {{{kbd(TAB)}}} to move out of the braces, and if the braces surround + only a single character or macro, they are removed again (depending + on the variable ~cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts~). + +- {{{kbd(`)}}} :: + #+kindex: ` + + Pressing the backquote followed by a character inserts math macros, + also outside LaTeX fragments. If you wait more than 1.5 seconds + after the backquote, a help window pops up. + +- {{{kbd(')}}} :: + #+kindex: ' + + Pressing the single-quote followed by another character modifies the + symbol before point with an accent or a font. If you wait more than + 1.5 seconds after the single-quote, a help window pops up. + Character modification works only inside LaTeX fragments; outside + the quote is normal. + +** Literal Examples +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Source code examples with special formatting. +:END: +#+cindex: literal examples, markup rules +#+cindex: code line references, markup rules + +You can include literal examples that should not be subjected to +markup. Such examples are typeset in monospace, so this is well +suited for source code and similar examples. + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_EXAMPLE} +#+cindex: example block +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + Some example from a text file. +,#+END_EXAMPLE +#+end_example + +#+cindex: comma escape, in literal examples +There is one limitation, however. You must insert a comma right +before lines starting with either =*=, =,*=, =#+= or =,#+=, as those +may be interpreted as outlines nodes or some other special syntax. +Org transparently strips these additional commas whenever it accesses +the contents of the block. + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE +,,* I am no real headline +,#+END_EXAMPLE +#+end_example + +For simplicity when using small examples, you can also start the +example lines with a colon followed by a space. There may also be +additional whitespace before the colon: + +#+begin_example +Here is an example + : Some example from a text file. +#+end_example + +#+cindex: formatting source code, markup rules +#+vindex: org-latex-listings +If the example is source code from a programming language, or any +other text that can be marked up by Font Lock in Emacs, you can ask +for the example to look like the fontified Emacs buffer[fn:114]. This +is done with the code block, where you also need to specify the name +of the major mode that should be used to fontify the example[fn:115], +see [[*Structure Templates]] for shortcuts to easily insert code blocks. + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_SRC} +#+cindex: source block +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (defun org-xor (a b) + "Exclusive or." + (if a (not b) b)) + ,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +Both in =example= and in =src= snippets, you can add a =-n= switch to +the end of the =#+BEGIN= line, to get the lines of the example +numbered. The =-n= takes an optional numeric argument specifying the +starting line number of the block. If you use a =+n= switch, the +numbering from the previous numbered snippet is continued in the +current one. The =+n= switch can also take a numeric argument. This +adds the value of the argument to the last line of the previous block +to determine the starting line number. + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp -n 20 + ;; This exports with line number 20. + (message "This is line 21") +,#+END_SRC + +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp +n 10 + ;; This is listed as line 31. + (message "This is line 32") +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +In literal examples, Org interprets strings like =(ref:name)= as +labels, and use them as targets for special hyperlinks like +=[[(name)]]=---i.e., the reference name enclosed in single parenthesis. +In HTML, hovering the mouse over such a link remote-highlights the +corresponding code line, which is kind of cool. + +You can also add a =-r= switch which /removes/ the labels from the +source code[fn:116]. With the =-n= switch, links to these references +are labeled by the line numbers from the code listing. Otherwise +links use the labels with no parentheses. Here is an example: + +#+begin_example -l "(dumb-reference:%s)" +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp -n -r + (save-excursion (ref:sc) + (goto-char (point-min)) (ref:jump) +,#+END_SRC +In line [[(sc)]] we remember the current position. [[(jump)][Line (jump)]] +jumps to point-min. +#+end_example + +#+cindex: indentation, in source blocks +Source code and examples may be /indented/ in order to align nicely +with the surrounding text, and in particular with plain list structure +(see [[*Plain Lists]]). By default, Org only retains the relative +indentation between lines, e.g., when exporting the contents of the +block. However, you can use the =-i= switch to also preserve the +global indentation, if it does matter. See [[*Editing Source Code]]. + +#+vindex: org-coderef-label-format +If the syntax for the label format conflicts with the language syntax, +use a =-l= switch to change the format, for example + +: #+BEGIN_SRC pascal -n -r -l "((%s))" + +#+texinfo: @noindent +See also the variable ~org-coderef-label-format~. + +HTML export also allows examples to be published as text areas (see +[[*Text areas in HTML export]]). + +Because the =#+BEGIN= ... =#+END= patterns need to be added so often, +a shortcut is provided (see [[*Structure Templates]]). + +- {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} (~org-edit-special~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ' + #+findex: org-edit-special + Edit the source code example at point in its native mode. This + works by switching to a temporary buffer with the source code. You + need to exit by pressing {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} again. The edited version + then replaces the old version in the Org buffer. Fixed-width + regions---where each line starts with a colon followed by + a space---are edited using Artist mode[fn:117] to allow creating + ASCII drawings easily. Using this command in an empty line creates + a new fixed-width region. + +#+cindex: storing link, in a source code buffer +Calling ~org-store-link~ (see [[*Handling Links]]) while editing a source +code example in a temporary buffer created with {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} +prompts for a label. Make sure that it is unique in the current +buffer, and insert it with the proper formatting like =(ref:label)= at +the end of the current line. Then the label is stored as a link +=(label)=, for retrieval with {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}. + +** Images +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Display an image. +:END: + +#+cindex: inlining images +#+cindex: images, markup rules +An image is a link to an image file[fn:118] that does not have +a description part, for example + +: ./img/cat.jpg + +If you wish to define a caption for the image (see [[*Captions]]) and +maybe a label for internal cross references (see [[*Internal Links]]), +make sure that the link is on a line by itself and precede it with +=CAPTION= and =NAME= keywords as follows: + +#+begin_example +,#+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next figure link (or table) +,#+NAME: fig:SED-HR4049 +[[./img/a.jpg]] +#+end_example + +Such images can be displayed within the buffer with the following +command: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-v)}}} (~org-toggle-inline-images~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-v + #+findex: org-toggle-inline-images + #+vindex: org-startup-with-inline-images + Toggle the inline display of linked images. When called with + a prefix argument, also display images that do have a link + description. You can ask for inline images to be displayed at + startup by configuring the variable + ~org-startup-with-inline-images~[fn:119]. + +** Captions +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Describe tables, images... +:END: +#+cindex: captions, markup rules +#+cindex: @samp{CAPTION}, keyword + +You can assign a caption to a specific part of a document by inserting +a =CAPTION= keyword immediately before it: + +#+begin_example +,#+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next table (or link) +| ... | ... | +|-----+-----| +#+end_example + +Optionally, the caption can take the form: + +: #+CAPTION[Short caption]: Longer caption. + +Even though images and tables are prominent examples of captioned +structures, the same caption mechanism can apply to many +others---e.g., LaTeX equations, source code blocks. Depending on the +export back-end, those may or may not be handled. + +** Horizontal Rules +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Make a line. +:END: + +#+cindex: horizontal rules, markup rules +A line consisting of only dashes, and at least 5 of them, is exported +as a horizontal line. + +** Creating Footnotes +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Edit and read footnotes. +:END: +#+cindex: footnotes + +A footnote is started by a footnote marker in square brackets in +column 0, no indentation allowed. It ends at the next footnote +definition, headline, or after two consecutive empty lines. The +footnote reference is simply the marker in square brackets, inside +text. Markers always start with =fn:=. For example: + +#+begin_example +The Org homepage[fn:1] now looks a lot better than it used to. +... +[fn:1] The link is: https://orgmode.org +#+end_example + +Org mode extends the number-based syntax to /named/ footnotes and +optional inline definition. Here are the valid references: + +- =[fn:NAME]= :: + + A named footnote reference, where {{{var(NAME)}}} is a unique + label word, or, for simplicity of automatic creation, a number. + +- =[fn:: This is the inline definition of this footnote]= :: + + An anonymous footnote where the definition is given directly at the + reference point. + +- =[fn:NAME: a definition]= :: + + An inline definition of a footnote, which also specifies a name for + the note. Since Org allows multiple references to the same note, + you can then use =[fn:NAME]= to create additional references. + +#+vindex: org-footnote-auto-label +Footnote labels can be created automatically, or you can create names +yourself. This is handled by the variable ~org-footnote-auto-label~ +and its corresponding =STARTUP= keywords. See the docstring of that +variable for details. + +The following command handles footnotes: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x f)}}} :: + + The footnote action command. + + #+kindex: C-c C-x f + When point is on a footnote reference, jump to the definition. When + it is at a definition, jump to the---first---reference. + + #+vindex: org-footnote-define-inline + #+vindex: org-footnote-section + Otherwise, create a new footnote. Depending on the variable + ~org-footnote-define-inline~[fn:120], the definition is placed right + into the text as part of the reference, or separately into the + location determined by the variable ~org-footnote-section~. + + When this command is called with a prefix argument, a menu of + additional options is offered: + + #+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.1 0.9 + | {{{kbd(s)}}} | Sort the footnote definitions by reference sequence. | + | {{{kbd(r)}}} | Renumber the simple =fn:N= footnotes. | + | {{{kbd(S)}}} | Short for first {{{kbd(r)}}}, then {{{kbd(s)}}} action. | + | {{{kbd(n)}}} | Rename all footnotes into a =fn:1= ... =fn:n= sequence. | + | {{{kbd(d)}}} | Delete the footnote at point, including definition and references. | + + #+vindex: org-footnote-auto-adjust + Depending on the variable ~org-footnote-auto-adjust~[fn:121], + renumbering and sorting footnotes can be automatic after each + insertion or deletion. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c + If point is on a footnote reference, jump to the definition. If it + is at the definition, jump back to the reference. When called at + a footnote location with a prefix argument, offer the same menu as + {{{kbd(C-c C-x f)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} or {{{kbd(mouse-1/2)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-o + #+kindex: mouse-1 + #+kindex: mouse-2 + Footnote labels are also links to the corresponding definition or + reference, and you can use the usual commands to follow these links. + +* Exporting +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Sharing and publishing notes. +:END: +#+cindex: exporting + +At some point you might want to print your notes, publish them on the +web, or share them with people not using Org. Org can convert and +export documents to a variety of other formats while retaining as much +structure (see [[*Document Structure]]) and markup (see [[*Markup for Rich +Contents]]) as possible. + +#+cindex: export back-end +The libraries responsible for translating Org files to other formats +are called /back-ends/. Org ships with support for the following +back-ends: + +- /ascii/ (ASCII format) +- /beamer/ (LaTeX Beamer format) +- /html/ (HTML format) +- /icalendar/ (iCalendar format) +- /latex/ (LaTeX format) +- /md/ (Markdown format) +- /odt/ (OpenDocument Text format) +- /org/ (Org format) +- /texinfo/ (Texinfo format) +- /man/ (Man page format) + +Users can install libraries for additional formats from the Emacs +packaging system. For easy discovery, these packages have a common +naming scheme: ~ox-NAME~, where {{{var(NAME)}}} is a format. For +example, ~ox-koma-letter~ for /koma-letter/ back-end. More libraries +can be found in the =org-contrib= repository (see [[*Installation]]). + +#+vindex: org-export-backends +Org only loads back-ends for the following formats by default: ASCII, +HTML, iCalendar, LaTeX, and ODT. Additional back-ends can be loaded +in either of two ways: by configuring the ~org-export-backends~ +variable, or by requiring libraries in the Emacs init file. For +example, to load the Markdown back-end, add this to your Emacs config: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(require 'ox-md) +#+end_src + +** The Export Dispatcher +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The main interface. +:END: +#+cindex: dispatcher, for export commands +#+cindex: export, dispatcher + +The export dispatcher is the main interface for Org's exports. +A hierarchical menu presents the currently configured export formats. +Options are shown as easy toggle switches on the same screen. + +#+vindex: org-export-dispatch-use-expert-ui +Org also has a minimal prompt interface for the export dispatcher. +When the variable ~org-export-dispatch-use-expert-ui~ is set to +a non-~nil~ value, Org prompts in the minibuffer. To switch back to +the hierarchical menu, press {{{kbd(?)}}}. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e)}}} (~org-export~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e + #+findex: org-export + + Invokes the export dispatcher interface. The options show default + settings. The {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument preserves options from + the previous export, including any sub-tree selections. + +Org exports the entire buffer by default. If the Org buffer has an +active region, then Org exports just that region. + +Within the dispatcher interface, the following key combinations can +further alter what is exported, and how. + +- {{{kbd(C-a)}}} :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e C-a + + Toggle asynchronous export. Asynchronous export uses an external + Emacs process with a specially configured initialization file to + complete the exporting process in the background, without tying-up + Emacs. This is particularly useful when exporting long documents. + + Output from an asynchronous export is saved on the /export stack/. + To view this stack, call the export dispatcher with a double + {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument. If already in the export dispatcher + menu, {{{kbd(&)}}} displays the stack. + + #+vindex: org-export-in-background + You can make asynchronous export the default by setting + ~org-export-in-background~. + + #+vindex: org-export-async-init-file + You can set the initialization file used by the background process + by setting ~org-export-async-init-file~. + +- {{{kbd(C-b)}}} :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e C-b + + Toggle body-only export. Useful for excluding headers and footers + in the export. Affects only those back-end formats that have + sections like =...= in HTML. + +- {{{kbd(C-s)}}} :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e C-s + + Toggle sub-tree export. When turned on, Org exports only the + sub-tree starting from point position at the time the export + dispatcher was invoked. Org uses the top heading of this sub-tree + as the document's title. If point is not on a heading, Org uses the + nearest enclosing header. If point is in the document preamble, Org + signals an error and aborts export. + + #+vindex: org-export-initial-scope + To make sub-tree export the default, customize the variable + ~org-export-initial-scope~. + +- {{{kbd(C-v)}}} :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e C-v + + Toggle visible-only export. This is useful for exporting only + certain parts of an Org document by adjusting the visibility of + particular headings. See also [[*Sparse Trees]]. + +** Export Settings +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Common export settings. +:END: +#+cindex: options, for export +#+cindex: Export, settings + +#+cindex: @samp{OPTIONS}, keyword +Export options can be set: globally with variables; for an individual +file by making variables buffer-local with in-buffer settings (see +[[*Summary of In-Buffer Settings]]); by setting individual keywords or +specifying them in compact form with the =OPTIONS= keyword; or for +a tree by setting properties (see [[*Properties and Columns]]). Options +set at a specific level override options set at a more general level. + +#+cindex: @samp{SETUPFILE}, keyword +In-buffer settings may appear anywhere in the file, either directly or +indirectly through a file included using =#+SETUPFILE: filename or +URL= syntax. Option keyword sets tailored to a particular back-end +can be inserted from the export dispatcher (see [[*The Export +Dispatcher]]) using the =Insert template= command by pressing +{{{kbd(#)}}}. To insert keywords individually, a good way to make +sure the keyword is correct is to type =#+= and then to use +{{{kbd(M-TAB)}}}[fn:16] for completion. + +The export keywords available for every back-end, and their equivalent +global variables, include: + +- =AUTHOR= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{AUTHOR}, keyword + #+vindex: user-full-name + The document author (~user-full-name~). + +- =CREATOR= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{CREATOR}, keyword + #+vindex: org-expot-creator-string + Entity responsible for output generation + (~org-export-creator-string~). + +- =DATE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{DATE}, keyword + #+vindex: org-export-date-timestamp-format + A date or a time-stamp[fn:122]. + +- =EMAIL= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{EMAIL}, keyword + #+vindex: user-mail-address + The email address (~user-mail-address~). + +- =LANGUAGE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{LANGUAGE}, keyword + #+vindex: org-export-default-language + Language to use for translating certain strings + (~org-export-default-language~). With =#+LANGUAGE: fr=, for + example, Org translates =Table of contents= to the French =Table des + matières=[fn:123]. + +- =SELECT_TAGS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SELECT_TAGS}, keyword + #+vindex: org-export-select-tags + The default value is =("export")=. When a tree is tagged with + =export= (~org-export-select-tags~), Org selects that tree and its + sub-trees for export. Org excludes trees with =noexport= tags, see + below. When selectively exporting files with =export= tags set, Org + does not export any text that appears before the first headline. + +- =EXCLUDE_TAGS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{EXCLUDE_TAGS}, keyword + #+vindex: org-export-exclude-tags + The default value is =("noexport")=. When a tree is tagged with + =noexport= (~org-export-exclude-tags~), Org excludes that tree and + its sub-trees from export. Entries tagged with =noexport= are + unconditionally excluded from the export, even if they have an + =export= tag. Even if a sub-tree is not exported, Org executes any + code blocks contained there. + +- =TITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TITLE}, keyword + #+cindex: document title + Org displays this title. For long titles, use multiple =#+TITLE= + lines. + +- =EXPORT_FILE_NAME= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{EXPORT_FILE_NAME}, keyword + The name of the output file to be generated. Otherwise, Org + generates the file name based on the buffer name and the extension + based on the back-end format. + +The =OPTIONS= keyword is a compact form. To configure multiple +options, use several =OPTIONS= lines. =OPTIONS= recognizes the +following arguments. + +- ~'~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-smart-quotes + Toggle smart quotes (~org-export-with-smart-quotes~). Depending on + the language used, when activated, Org treats pairs of double quotes + as primary quotes, pairs of single quotes as secondary quotes, and + single quote marks as apostrophes. + +- ~*~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-emphasize + Toggle emphasized text (~org-export-with-emphasize~). + +- ~-~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-special-strings + Toggle conversion of special strings + (~org-export-with-special-strings~). + +- ~:~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-fixed-width + Toggle fixed-width sections (~org-export-with-fixed-width~). + +- ~<~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-timestamps + Toggle inclusion of time/date active/inactive stamps + (~org-export-with-timestamps~). + +- ~\n~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-preserve-breaks + Toggles whether to preserve line breaks + (~org-export-preserve-breaks~). + +- ~^~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-sub-superscripts + Toggle TeX-like syntax for sub- and superscripts. If you write + =^:{}=, =a_{b}= is interpreted, but the simple =a_b= is left as it + is (~org-export-with-sub-superscripts~). + +- ~arch~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-archived-trees + Configure how archived trees are exported. When set to ~headline~, + the export process skips the contents and processes only the + headlines (~org-export-with-archived-trees~). + +- ~author~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-author + Toggle inclusion of author name into exported file + (~org-export-with-author~). + +- ~broken-links~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-broken-links + Toggles if Org should continue exporting upon finding a broken + internal link. When set to ~mark~, Org clearly marks the problem + link in the output (~org-export-with-broken-links~). + +- ~c~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-clocks + Toggle inclusion of =CLOCK= keywords (~org-export-with-clocks~). + +- ~creator~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-creator + Toggle inclusion of creator information in the exported file + (~org-export-with-creator~). + +- ~d~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-drawers + Toggles inclusion of drawers, or list of drawers to include, or list + of drawers to exclude (~org-export-with-drawers~). + +- ~date~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-date + Toggle inclusion of a date into exported file + (~org-export-with-date~). + +- ~e~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-entities + Toggle inclusion of entities (~org-export-with-entities~). + +- ~email~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-email + Toggle inclusion of the author's e-mail into exported file + (~org-export-with-email~). + +- ~f~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-footnotes + Toggle the inclusion of footnotes (~org-export-with-footnotes~). + +- ~H~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-headline-levels + Set the number of headline levels for export + (~org-export-headline-levels~). Below that level, headlines are + treated differently. In most back-ends, they become list items. + +- ~inline~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-inlinetasks + Toggle inclusion of inlinetasks (~org-export-with-inlinetasks~). + +- ~num~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-section-numbers + #+cindex: @samp{UNNUMBERED}, property + Toggle section-numbers (~org-export-with-section-numbers~). When + set to number N, Org numbers only those headlines at level N or + above. Set =UNNUMBERED= property to non-~nil~ to disable numbering + of heading and subheadings entirely. Moreover, when the value is + =notoc= the headline, and all its children, do not appear in the + table of contents either (see [[*Table of Contents]]). + +- ~p~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-planning + Toggle export of planning information (~org-export-with-planning~). + "Planning information" comes from lines located right after the + headline and contain any combination of these cookies: =SCHEDULED=, + =DEADLINE=, or =CLOSED=. + +- ~pri~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-priority + Toggle inclusion of priority cookies + (~org-export-with-priority~). + +- ~prop~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-properties + Toggle inclusion of property drawers, or list the properties to + include (~org-export-with-properties~). + +- ~stat~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-statistics-cookies + Toggle inclusion of statistics cookies + (~org-export-with-statistics-cookies~). + +- ~tags~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-tags + Toggle inclusion of tags, may also be ~not-in-toc~ + (~org-export-with-tags~). + +- ~tasks~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-tasks + Toggle inclusion of tasks (TODO items); or ~nil~ to remove all + tasks; or ~todo~ to remove done tasks; or list the keywords to keep + (~org-export-with-tasks~). + +- ~tex~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-latex + ~nil~ does not export; ~t~ exports; ~verbatim~ keeps everything in + verbatim (~org-export-with-latex~). + +- ~timestamp~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-time-stamp-file + Toggle inclusion of the creation time in the exported file + (~org-export-time-stamp-file~). + +- ~title~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-title + Toggle inclusion of title (~org-export-with-title~). + +- ~toc~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-toc + Toggle inclusion of the table of contents, or set the level limit + (~org-export-with-toc~). + +- ~todo~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-todo-keywords + Toggle inclusion of TODO keywords into exported text + (~org-export-with-todo-keywords~). + +- ~|~ :: + + #+vindex: org-export-with-tables + Toggle inclusion of tables (~org-export-with-tables~). + +When exporting sub-trees, special node properties can override the +above keywords. These properties have an =EXPORT_= prefix. For +example, =DATE= becomes, =EXPORT_DATE= when used for a specific +sub-tree. Except for =SETUPFILE=, all other keywords listed above +have an =EXPORT_= equivalent. + +#+cindex: @samp{BIND}, keyword +#+vindex: org-export-allow-bind-keywords +If ~org-export-allow-bind-keywords~ is non-~nil~, Emacs variables can +become buffer-local during export by using the =BIND= keyword. Its +syntax is =#+BIND: variable value=. This is particularly useful for +in-buffer settings that cannot be changed using keywords. + +** Table of Contents +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The if and where of the table of contents. +:END: +#+cindex: table of contents +#+cindex: list of tables +#+cindex: list of listings + +#+cindex: @samp{toc}, in @samp{OPTIONS} keyword +#+vindex: org-export-with-toc +The table of contents includes all headlines in the document. Its +depth is therefore the same as the headline levels in the file. If +you need to use a different depth, or turn it off entirely, set the +~org-export-with-toc~ variable accordingly. You can achieve the same +on a per file basis, using the following =toc= item in =OPTIONS= +keyword: + +#+begin_example +,#+OPTIONS: toc:2 (only include two levels in TOC) +,#+OPTIONS: toc:nil (no default TOC at all) +#+end_example + +#+cindex: excluding entries from table of contents +#+cindex: table of contents, exclude entries +Org includes both numbered and unnumbered headlines in the table of +contents[fn:124]. If you need to exclude an unnumbered headline, +along with all its children, set the =UNNUMBERED= property to =notoc= +value. + +#+begin_example +,* Subtree not numbered, not in table of contents either + :PROPERTIES: + :UNNUMBERED: notoc + :END: +#+end_example + +#+cindex: @samp{TOC}, keyword +Org normally inserts the table of contents directly before the first +headline of the file. To move the table of contents to a different +location, first turn off the default with ~org-export-with-toc~ +variable or with =#+OPTIONS: toc:nil=. Then insert =#+TOC: headlines +N= at the desired location(s). + +#+begin_example +,#+OPTIONS: toc:nil +... +,#+TOC: headlines 2 +#+end_example + +To adjust the table of contents depth for a specific section of the +Org document, append an additional =local= parameter. This parameter +becomes a relative depth for the current level. The following example +inserts a local table of contents, with direct children only. + +#+begin_example +,* Section +,#+TOC: headlines 1 local +#+end_example + +Note that for this feature to work properly in LaTeX export, the Org +file requires the inclusion of the titletoc package. Because of +compatibility issues, titletoc has to be loaded /before/ hyperref. +Customize the ~org-latex-default-packages-alist~ variable. + +The following example inserts a table of contents that links to the +children of the specified target. + +#+begin_example +,* Target + :PROPERTIES: + :CUSTOM_ID: TargetSection + :END: +,** Heading A +,** Heading B +,* Another section +,#+TOC: headlines 1 :target #TargetSection +#+end_example + +The =:target= attribute is supported in HTML, Markdown, ODT, and ASCII export. + +Use the =TOC= keyword to generate list of tables---respectively, all +listings---with captions. + +#+begin_example +,#+TOC: listings +,#+TOC: tables +#+end_example + +#+cindex: @samp{ALT_TITLE}, property +Normally Org uses the headline for its entry in the table of contents. +But with =ALT_TITLE= property, a different entry can be specified for +the table of contents. + +** Include Files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Include additional files into a document. +:END: +#+cindex: include files, during export +#+cindex: export, include files +#+cindex: @samp{INCLUDE}, keyword + +During export, you can include the content of another file. For +example, to include your =.emacs= file, you could use: + +: #+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" src emacs-lisp + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The first parameter is the file name to include. The optional second +parameter specifies the block type: =example=, =export= or =src=. The +optional third parameter specifies the source code language to use for +formatting the contents. This is relevant to both =export= and =src= +block types. + +If an included file is specified as having a markup language, Org +neither checks for valid syntax nor changes the contents in any way. +For example and source blocks, Org code-escapes the contents before +inclusion. + +#+cindex: @samp{minlevel}, include +If an included file is not specified as having any markup language, +Org assumes it be in Org format and proceeds as usual with a few +exceptions. Org makes the footnote labels (see [[*Creating Footnotes]]) +in the included file local to that file. The contents of the included +file belong to the same structure---headline, item---containing the +=INCLUDE= keyword. In particular, headlines within the file become +children of the current section. That behavior can be changed by +providing an additional keyword parameter, =:minlevel=. It shifts the +headlines in the included file to become the lowest level. For +example, this syntax makes the included file a sibling of the current +top-level headline: + +: #+INCLUDE: "~/my-book/chapter2.org" :minlevel 1 + +#+cindex: @samp{lines}, include +Inclusion of only portions of files are specified using ranges +parameter with =:lines= keyword. The line at the upper end of the +range will not be included. The start and/or the end of the range may +be omitted to use the obvious defaults. + +| =#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "5-10"= | Include lines 5 to 10, 10 excluded | +| =#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "-10"= | Include lines 1 to 10, 10 excluded | +| =#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "10-"= | Include lines from 10 to EOF | + +Inclusions may specify a file-link to extract an object matched by +~org-link-search~[fn:125] (see [[*Search Options in File Links]]). The +ranges for =:lines= keyword are relative to the requested element. +Therefore, + +: #+INCLUDE: "./paper.org::*conclusion" :lines 1-20 + +#+texinfo: @noindent +includes the first 20 lines of the headline named =conclusion=. + +#+cindex: @samp{only-contents}, include +To extract only the contents of the matched object, set +=:only-contents= property to non-~nil~. This omits any planning lines +or property drawers. For example, to include the body of the heading +with the custom ID =theory=, you can use + +: #+INCLUDE: "./paper.org::#theory" :only-contents t + +The following command allows navigating to the included document: + +- {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} (~org-edit~special~) :: + #+kindex: C-c ' + #+findex: org-edit-special + + Visit the included file at point. + +** Macro Replacement +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Use macros to create templates. +:END: +#+cindex: macro replacement, during export +#+cindex: @samp{MACRO}, keyword + +#+vindex: org-export-global-macros +Macros replace text snippets during export. Macros are defined +globally in ~org-export-global-macros~, or document-wise with the +following syntax: + +: #+MACRO: name replacement text; $1, $2 are arguments + +#+texinfo: @noindent +which can be referenced using ={{{name(arg1, arg2)}}}=[fn:126]. For +example + +#+begin_example +,#+MACRO: poem Rose is $1, violet's $2. Life's ordered: Org assists you. +{{{poem(red,blue)}}} +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +becomes + +: Rose is red, violet's blue. Life's ordered: Org assists you. + +As a special case, Org parses any replacement text starting with +=(eval= as an Emacs Lisp expression and evaluates it accordingly. +Within such templates, arguments become strings. Thus, the following +macro + +: #+MACRO: gnustamp (eval (concat "GNU/" (capitalize $1))) + +#+texinfo: @noindent +turns ={{{gnustamp(linux)}}}= into =GNU/Linux= during export. + +Org recognizes macro references in following Org markup areas: +paragraphs, headlines, verse blocks, tables cells and lists. Org also +recognizes macro references in keywords, such as =CAPTION=, =TITLE=, +=AUTHOR=, =DATE=, and for some back-end specific export options. + +Org comes with following pre-defined macros: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep ; +- ={{{keyword(NAME)}}}=; ={{{title}}}=; ={{{author}}}=; ={{{email}}}= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{keyword}, macro + #+cindex: @samp{title}, macro + #+cindex: @samp{author}, macro + #+cindex: @samp{email}, macro + The =keyword= macro collects all values from {{{var(NAME)}}} + keywords throughout the buffer, separated with white space. + =title=, =author= and =email= macros are shortcuts for, + respectively, ={{{keyword(TITLE)}}}=, ={{{keyword(AUTHOR)}}}= and + ={{{keyword(EMAIL)}}}=. + +- ={{{date}}}=; ={{{date(FORMAT)}}}= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{date}, macro + This macro refers to the =DATE= keyword. {{{var(FORMAT)}}} is an + optional argument to the =date= macro that is used only if =DATE= is + a single timestamp. {{{var(FORMAT)}}} should be a format string + understood by ~format-time-string~. + +- ={{{time(FORMAT)}}}=; ={{{modification-time(FORMAT, VC)}}}= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{time}, macro + #+cindex: @samp{modification-time}, macro + These macros refer to the document's date and time of export and + date and time of modification. {{{var(FORMAT)}}} is a string + understood by ~format-time-string~. If the second argument to the + ~modification-time~ macro is non-~nil~, Org uses =vc.el= to retrieve + the document's modification time from the version control system. + Otherwise Org reads the file attributes. + +- ={{{input-file}}}= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{input-file}, macro + This macro refers to the filename of the exported file. + +- ={{{property(PROPERTY-NAME)}}}=; ={{{property(PROPERTY-NAME, SEARCH OPTION)}}}= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{property}, macro + This macro returns the value of property {{{var(PROPERTY-NAME)}}} in + the current entry. If {{{var(SEARCH-OPTION)}}} (see [[*Search + Options in File Links]]) refers to a remote entry, use it instead. + +- ={{{n}}}=; ={{{n(NAME)}}}=; ={{{n(NAME, ACTION)}}}= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{n}, macro + #+cindex: counter, macro + This macro implements custom counters by returning the number of + times the macro has been expanded so far while exporting the buffer. + You can create more than one counter using different {{{var(NAME)}}} + values. If {{{var(ACTION)}}} is =-=, previous value of the counter + is held, i.e., the specified counter is not incremented. If the + value is a number, the specified counter is set to that value. If + it is any other non-empty string, the specified counter is reset + to 1. You may leave {{{var(NAME)}}} empty to reset the default + counter. + +#+cindex: @samp{results}, macro +Moreover, inline source blocks (see [[*Structure of Code Blocks]]) use the +special =results= macro to mark their output. As such, you are +advised against re-defining it, unless you know what you are doing. + +#+vindex: org-hide-macro-markers +The surrounding brackets can be made invisible by setting +~org-hide-macro-markers~ to a non-~nil~ value. + +Org expands macros at the very beginning of the export process. + +** Comment Lines +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What will not be exported. +:END: +#+cindex: exporting, not + +#+cindex: comment lines +Lines starting with zero or more whitespace characters followed by one +=#= and a whitespace are treated as comments and, as such, are not +exported. + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_COMMENT} +#+cindex: comment block +Likewise, regions surrounded by =#+BEGIN_COMMENT= ... =#+END_COMMENT= +are not exported. + +#+cindex: comment trees +Finally, a =COMMENT= keyword at the beginning of an entry, but after +any other keyword or priority cookie, comments out the entire subtree. +In this case, the subtree is not exported and no code block within it +is executed either[fn:127]. The command below helps changing the +comment status of a headline. + +- {{{kbd(C-c ;)}}} (~org-toggle-comment~) :: + #+kindex: C-c ; + #+findex: org-toggle-comment + + Toggle the =COMMENT= keyword at the beginning of an entry. + +** ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to flat files with encoding. +:END: +#+cindex: ASCII export +#+cindex: Latin-1 export +#+cindex: UTF-8 export + +ASCII export produces an output file containing only plain ASCII +characters. This is the simplest and most direct text output. It +does not contain any Org markup. Latin-1 and UTF-8 export use +additional characters and symbols available in these encoding +standards. All three of these export formats offer the most basic of +text output for maximum portability. + +#+vindex: org-ascii-text-width +On export, Org fills and justifies text according to the text width +set in ~org-ascii-text-width~. + +#+vindex: org-ascii-links-to-notes +Org exports links using a footnote-like style where the descriptive +part is in the text and the link is in a note before the next heading. +See the variable ~org-ascii-links-to-notes~ for details. + +*** ASCII export commands +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e t a)}}} (~org-ascii-export-to-ascii~), {{{kbd(C-c C-e t l)}}}, {{{kbd(C-c C-e t u)}}} :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e t a + #+kindex: C-c C-e t l + #+kindex: C-c C-e t u + #+findex: org-ascii-export-to-ascii + + Export as an ASCII file with a =.txt= extension. For =myfile.org=, + Org exports to =myfile.txt=, overwriting without warning. For + =myfile.txt=, Org exports to =myfile.txt.txt= in order to prevent + data loss. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e t A)}}} (~org-ascii-export-to-ascii~), {{{kbd(C-c C-e t L)}}}, {{{kbd(C-c C-e t U)}}} :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e t A + #+kindex: C-c C-e t L + #+kindex: C-c C-e t U + #+findex: org-ascii-export-as-ascii + + Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file. + +*** ASCII specific export settings +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The ASCII export back-end has one extra keyword for customizing ASCII +output. Setting this keyword works similar to the general options +(see [[*Export Settings]]). + +- =SUBTITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword + The document subtitle. For long subtitles, use multiple + =#+SUBTITLE= lines in the Org file. Org prints them on one + continuous line, wrapping into multiple lines if necessary. + +*** Header and sectioning structure +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org converts the first three outline levels into headlines for ASCII +export. The remaining levels are turned into lists. To change this +cut-off point where levels become lists, see [[*Export Settings]]. + +*** Quoting ASCII text +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +To insert text within the Org file by the ASCII back-end, use one the +following constructs, inline, keyword, or export block: + +#+cindex: @samp{ASCII}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT ascii} +#+begin_example +Inline text @@ascii:and additional text@@ within a paragraph. + +,#+ASCII: Some text + +,#+BEGIN_EXPORT ascii +Org exports text in this block only when using ASCII back-end. +,#+END_EXPORT +#+end_example + +*** ASCII specific attributes +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_ASCII}, keyword +#+cindex: horizontal rules, in ASCII export + +ASCII back-end recognizes only one attribute, =:width=, which +specifies the width of a horizontal rule in number of characters. The +keyword and syntax for specifying widths is: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_ASCII: :width 10 +----- +#+end_example + +*** ASCII special blocks +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: special blocks, in ASCII export +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_JUSTIFYLEFT} +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_JUSTIFYRIGHT} + +Besides =#+BEGIN_CENTER= blocks (see [[*Paragraphs]]), ASCII back-end has +these two left and right justification blocks: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_JUSTIFYLEFT +It's just a jump to the left... +,#+END_JUSTIFYLEFT + +,#+BEGIN_JUSTIFYRIGHT +...and then a step to the right. +,#+END_JUSTIFYRIGHT +#+end_example + +** Beamer Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Producing presentations and slides. +:END: +#+cindex: Beamer export + +Org uses Beamer export to convert an Org file tree structure into +high-quality interactive slides for presentations. Beamer is a LaTeX +document class for creating presentations in PDF, HTML, and other +popular display formats. + +*** Beamer export commands +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: For creating Beamer documents. +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l b)}}} (~org-beamer-export-to-latex~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e l b + #+findex: org-beamer-export-to-latex + + Export as LaTeX file with a =.tex= extension. For =myfile.org=, Org + exports to =myfile.tex=, overwriting without warning. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l B)}}} (~org-beamer-export-as-latex~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e l B + #+findex: org-beamer-export-as-latex + + Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l P)}}} (~org-beamer-export-to-pdf~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e l P + #+findex: org-beamer-export-to-pdf + + Export as LaTeX file and then convert it to PDF format. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l O)}}} :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e l O + + Export as LaTeX file, convert it to PDF format, and then open the + PDF file. + +*** Beamer specific export settings +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: For customizing Beamer export. +:END: + +Beamer export back-end has several additional keywords for customizing +Beamer output. These keywords work similar to the general options +settings (see [[*Export Settings]]). + +- =BEAMER_THEME= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_THEME}, keyword + #+vindex: org-beamer-theme + The Beamer layout theme (~org-beamer-theme~). Use square brackets + for options. For example: + + : #+BEAMER_THEME: Rochester [height=20pt] + +- =BEAMER_FONT_THEME= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_FONT_THEME}, keyword + The Beamer font theme. + +- =BEAMER_INNER_THEME= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_INNER_THEME}, keyword + The Beamer inner theme. + +- =BEAMER_OUTER_THEME= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_OUTER_THEME}, keyword + The Beamer outer theme. + +- =BEAMER_HEADER= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_HEADER}, keyword + Arbitrary lines inserted in the preamble, just before the =hyperref= + settings. + +- =DESCRIPTION= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{DESCRIPTION}, keyword + The document description. For long descriptions, use multiple + =DESCRIPTION= keywords. By default, =hyperref= inserts + =DESCRIPTION= as metadata. Use ~org-latex-hyperref-template~ to + configure document metadata. Use ~org-latex-title-command~ to + configure typesetting of description as part of front matter. + +- =KEYWORDS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{KEYWORDS}, keyword + The keywords for defining the contents of the document. Use + multiple =KEYWORDS= lines if necessary. By default, =hyperref= + inserts =KEYWORDS= as metadata. Use ~org-latex-hyperref-template~ + to configure document metadata. Use ~org-latex-title-command~ to + configure typesetting of keywords as part of front matter. + +- =SUBTITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword + Document's subtitle. For typesetting, use + ~org-beamer-subtitle-format~ string. Use + ~org-latex-hyperref-template~ to configure document metadata. Use + ~org-latex-title-command~ to configure typesetting of subtitle as + part of front matter. + +*** Frames and Blocks in Beamer +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: For composing Beamer slides. +:END: + +Org transforms heading levels into Beamer's sectioning elements, +frames and blocks. Any Org tree with a not-too-deep-level nesting +should in principle be exportable as a Beamer presentation. + +- + #+vindex: org-beamer-frame-level + Org headlines become Beamer frames when the heading level in Org is + equal to ~org-beamer-frame-level~ or =H= value in a =OPTIONS= line + (see [[*Export Settings]]). + + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_ENV}, property + Org overrides headlines to frames conversion for the current tree of + an Org file if it encounters the =BEAMER_ENV= property set to + =frame= or =fullframe=. Org ignores whatever + ~org-beamer-frame-level~ happens to be for that headline level in + the Org tree. In Beamer terminology, a full frame is a frame + without its title. + +- Org exports a Beamer frame's objects as block environments. Org can + enforce wrapping in special block types when =BEAMER_ENV= property + is set[fn:128]. For valid values see + ~org-beamer-environments-default~. To add more values, see + ~org-beamer-environments-extra~. + #+vindex: org-beamer-environments-default + #+vindex: org-beamer-environments-extra + +- + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_REF}, property + If =BEAMER_ENV= is set to =appendix=, Org exports the entry as an + appendix. When set to =note=, Org exports the entry as a note + within the frame or between frames, depending on the entry's heading + level. When set to =noteNH=, Org exports the entry as a note + without its title. When set to =againframe=, Org exports the entry + with =\againframe= command, which makes setting the =BEAMER_REF= + property mandatory because =\againframe= needs frame to resume. + + When =ignoreheading= is set, Org export ignores the entry's headline + but not its content. This is useful for inserting content between + frames. It is also useful for properly closing a =column= + environment. @end itemize + + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_ACT}, property + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_OPT}, property + When =BEAMER_ACT= is set for a headline, Org export translates that + headline as an overlay or action specification. When enclosed in + square brackets, Org export makes the overlay specification + a default. Use =BEAMER_OPT= to set any options applicable to the + current Beamer frame or block. The Beamer export back-end wraps + with appropriate angular or square brackets. It also adds the + =fragile= option for any code that may require a verbatim block. + + #+cindex: @samp{BEAMER_COL}, property + To create a column on the Beamer slide, use the =BEAMER_COL= + property for its headline in the Org file. Set the value of + =BEAMER_COL= to a decimal number representing the fraction of the + total text width. Beamer export uses this value to set the column's + width and fills the column with the contents of the Org entry. If + the Org entry has no specific environment defined, Beamer export + ignores the heading. If the Org entry has a defined environment, + Beamer export uses the heading as title. Behind the scenes, Beamer + export automatically handles LaTeX column separations for contiguous + headlines. To manually adjust them for any unique configurations + needs, use the =BEAMER_ENV= property. + +*** Beamer specific syntax +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: For using in Org documents. +:END: + +Since Org's Beamer export back-end is an extension of the LaTeX +back-end, it recognizes other LaTeX specific syntax---for example, +=#+LATEX:= or =#+ATTR_LATEX:=. See [[*LaTeX Export]], for details. + +Beamer export wraps the table of contents generated with =toc:t= +=OPTION= keyword in a =frame= environment. Beamer export does not +wrap the table of contents generated with =TOC= keyword (see [[*Table of +Contents]]). Use square brackets for specifying options. + +: #+TOC: headlines [currentsection] + +Insert Beamer-specific code using the following constructs: + +#+cindex: @samp{BEAMER}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT beamer} +#+begin_example +,#+BEAMER: \pause + +,#+BEGIN_EXPORT beamer + Only Beamer export back-end exports this. +,#+END_BEAMER + +Text @@beamer:some code@@ within a paragraph. +#+end_example + +Inline constructs, such as the last one above, are useful for adding +overlay specifications to objects with ~bold~, ~item~, ~link~, +~radio-target~ and ~target~ types. Enclose the value in angular +brackets and place the specification at the beginning of the object as +shown in this example: + +: A *@@beamer:<2->@@useful* feature + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_BEAMER}, keyword +Beamer export recognizes the =ATTR_BEAMER= keyword with the following +attributes from Beamer configurations: =:environment= for changing +local Beamer environment, =:overlay= for specifying Beamer overlays in +angular or square brackets, and =:options= for inserting optional +arguments. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_BEAMER: :environment nonindentlist +- item 1, not indented +- item 2, not indented +- item 3, not indented +#+end_example + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_BEAMER: :overlay <+-> +- item 1 +- item 2 +#+end_example + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_BEAMER: :options [Lagrange] +Let $G$ be a finite group, and let $H$ be +a subgroup of $G$. Then the order of $H$ divides the order of $G$. +#+end_example + +*** Editing support +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Editing support. +:END: + +Org Beamer mode is a special minor mode for faster editing of Beamer +documents. + +: #+STARTUP: beamer + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-b)}}} (~org-beamer-select-environment~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-b + #+findex: org-beamer-select-environment + + Org Beamer mode provides this key for quicker selections in Beamer + normal environments, and for selecting the =BEAMER_COL= property. + +*** A Beamer example +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: A complete presentation. +:END: + +Here is an example of an Org document ready for Beamer export. + +#+begin_example +,#+TITLE: Example Presentation +,#+AUTHOR: Carsten Dominik +,#+OPTIONS: H:2 toc:t num:t +,#+LATEX_CLASS: beamer +,#+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation] +,#+BEAMER_THEME: Madrid +,#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_ENV(Env) %10BEAMER_ACT(Act) %4BEAMER_COL(Col) + +,* This is the first structural section + +,** Frame 1 +,*** Thanks to Eric Fraga :B_block: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_COL: 0.48 + :BEAMER_ENV: block + :END: + for the first viable Beamer setup in Org +,*** Thanks to everyone else :B_block: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_COL: 0.48 + :BEAMER_ACT: <2-> + :BEAMER_ENV: block + :END: + for contributing to the discussion +,**** This will be formatted as a beamer note :B_note: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_env: note + :END: +,** Frame 2 (where we will not use columns) +,*** Request + Please test this stuff! +#+end_example + +** HTML Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to HTML. +:END: +#+cindex: HTML export + +Org mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting +compatible with XHTML 1.0 strict standard. + +*** HTML export commands +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Invoking HTML export. +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e h h)}}} (~org-html-export-to-html~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e h h + #+kindex: C-c C-e h o + #+findex: org-html-export-to-html + + Export as HTML file with a =.html= extension. For =myfile.org=, Org + exports to =myfile.html=, overwriting without warning. {{{kbd(C-c + C-e h o)}}} exports to HTML and opens it in a web browser. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e h H)}}} (~org-html-export-as-html~) :: + #+kindex: C-c C-e h H + #+findex: org-html-export-as-html + + Exports to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file. + +*** HTML specific export settings +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Settings for HTML export. +:END: + +HTML export has a number of keywords, similar to the general options +settings described in [[*Export Settings]]. + +- =DESCRIPTION= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{DESCRIPTION}, keyword + This is the document's description, which the HTML exporter inserts + it as a HTML meta tag in the HTML file. For long descriptions, use + multiple =DESCRIPTION= lines. The exporter takes care of wrapping + the lines properly. + + The exporter includes a number of other meta tags, which can be customized + by modifying ~org-html-meta-tags~. + +- =HTML_DOCTYPE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{HTML_DOCTYPE}, keyword + #+vindex: org-html-doctype + Specify the document type, for example: HTML5 (~org-html-doctype~). + +- =HTML_CONTAINER= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{HTML_CONTAINER}, keyword + #+vindex: org-html-container-element + Specify the HTML container, such as =div=, for wrapping sections and + elements (~org-html-container-element~). + +- =HTML_LINK_HOME= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{HTML_LINK_HOME}, keyword + #+vindex: org-html-link-home + The URL for home link (~org-html-link-home~). + +- =HTML_LINK_UP= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{HTML_LINK_UP}, keyword + #+vindex: org-html-link-up + The URL for the up link of exported HTML pages (~org-html-link-up~). + +- =HTML_MATHJAX= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{HTML_MATHJAX}, keyword + #+vindex: org-html-mathjax-options + Options for MathJax (~org-html-mathjax-options~). MathJax is used + to typeset LaTeX math in HTML documents. See [[*Math formatting in + HTML export]], for an example. + +- =HTML_HEAD= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{HTML_HEAD}, keyword + #+vindex: org-html-head + Arbitrary lines for appending to the HTML document's head + (~org-html-head~). + +- =HTML_HEAD_EXTRA= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{HTML_HEAD_EXTRA}, keyword + #+vindex: org-html-head-extra + More arbitrary lines for appending to the HTML document's head + (~org-html-head-extra~). + +- =KEYWORDS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{KEYWORDS}, keyword + Keywords to describe the document's content. HTML exporter inserts + these keywords as HTML meta tags. For long keywords, use multiple + =KEYWORDS= lines. + +- =LATEX_HEADER= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{LATEX_HEADER}, keyword + Arbitrary lines for appending to the preamble; HTML exporter appends + when transcoding LaTeX fragments to images (see [[*Math formatting in + HTML export]]). + +- =SUBTITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword + The document's subtitle. HTML exporter formats subtitle if document + type is =HTML5= and the CSS has a =subtitle= class. + +Some of these keywords are explained in more detail in the following +sections of the manual. + +*** HTML doctypes +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting various (X)HTML flavors. +:END: + +Org can export to various (X)HTML flavors. + +#+vindex: org-html-doctype +#+vindex: org-html-doctype-alist +Set the ~org-html-doctype~ variable for different (X)HTML variants. +Depending on the variant, the HTML exporter adjusts the syntax of HTML +conversion accordingly. Org includes the following ready-made +variants: + +- ~"html4-strict"~ +- ~"html4-transitional"~ +- ~"html4-frameset"~ +- ~"xhtml-strict"~ +- ~"xhtml-transitional"~ +- ~"xhtml-frameset"~ +- ~"xhtml-11"~ +- ~"html5"~ +- ~"xhtml5"~ + +#+texinfo: @noindent +See the variable ~org-html-doctype-alist~ for details. The default is +~"xhtml-strict"~. + +#+vindex: org-html-html5-fancy +#+cindex: @samp{HTML5}, export new elements +Org's HTML exporter does not by default enable new block elements +introduced with the HTML5 standard. To enable them, set +~org-html-html5-fancy~ to non-~nil~. Or use an =OPTIONS= line in the +file to set =html5-fancy=. + +HTML5 documents can now have arbitrary =#+BEGIN= ... =#+END= blocks. +For example: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_aside + Lorem ipsum +,#+END_aside +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +exports to: + +#+begin_src html + +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +while this: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_HTML: :controls controls :width 350 +,#+BEGIN_video +,#+HTML: +,#+HTML: +Your browser does not support the video tag. +,#+END_video +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +exports to: + +#+begin_src html + +#+end_src + +#+vindex: org-html-html5-elements +When special blocks do not have a corresponding HTML5 element, the +HTML exporter reverts to standard translation (see +~org-html-html5-elements~). For example, =#+BEGIN_lederhosen= exports +to ~
~. + +Special blocks cannot have headlines. For the HTML exporter to wrap +the headline and its contents in ~
~ or ~
~ tags, set +the =HTML_CONTAINER= property for the headline. + +*** HTML preamble and postamble +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Inserting preamble and postamble. +:END: +#+vindex: org-html-preamble +#+vindex: org-html-postamble +#+vindex: org-html-preamble-format +#+vindex: org-html-postamble-format +#+vindex: org-html-validation-link +#+vindex: org-export-creator-string +#+vindex: org-export-time-stamp-file + +The HTML exporter has delineations for preamble and postamble. The +default value for ~org-html-preamble~ is ~t~, which makes the HTML +exporter insert the preamble. See the variable +~org-html-preamble-format~ for the format string. + +Set ~org-html-preamble~ to a string to override the default format +string. If the string is a function, the HTML exporter expects the +function to return a string upon execution. The HTML exporter inserts +this string in the preamble. The HTML exporter does not insert +a preamble if ~org-html-preamble~ is set ~nil~. + +The default value for ~org-html-postamble~ is ~auto~, which makes the +HTML exporter build a postamble from looking up author's name, email +address, creator's name, and date. Set ~org-html-postamble~ to ~t~ to +insert the postamble in the format specified in the +~org-html-postamble-format~ variable. The HTML exporter does not +insert a postamble if ~org-html-postamble~ is set to ~nil~. + +*** Quoting HTML tags +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Using direct HTML in Org files. +:END: + +The HTML export back-end transforms =<= and =>= to =<= and =>=. +To include raw HTML code in the Org file so the HTML export back-end +can insert that HTML code in the output, use this inline syntax: +=@@html:...@@=. For example: + +: @@html:@@bold text@@html:@@ + +#+cindex: @samp{HTML}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT html} +For larger raw HTML code blocks, use these HTML export code blocks: + +#+begin_example +,#+HTML: Literal HTML code for export + +,#+BEGIN_EXPORT html + All lines between these markers are exported literally +,#+END_EXPORT +#+end_example + +*** Headlines in HTML export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Formatting headlines. +:END: +#+cindex: headlines, in HTML export + +Headlines are exported to =

=, =

=, etc. Each headline gets the +=id= attribute from =CUSTOM_ID= property, or a unique generated value, +see [[*Internal Links]]. + +#+vindex: org-html-self-link-headlines +When ~org-html-self-link-headlines~ is set to a non-~nil~ value, the +text of the headlines is also wrapped in == tags. These tags have +a =href= attribute making the headlines link to themselves. + +*** Links in HTML export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Inserting and formatting links. +:END: +#+cindex: links, in HTML export +#+cindex: internal links, in HTML export +#+cindex: external links, in HTML export + +The HTML export back-end transforms Org's internal links (see +[[*Internal Links]]) to equivalent HTML links in the output. The back-end +similarly handles Org's automatic links created by radio targets (see +[[*Radio Targets]]) similarly. For Org links to external files, the +back-end transforms the links to /relative/ paths. + +#+vindex: org-html-link-org-files-as-html +For Org links to other =.org= files, the back-end automatically +changes the file extension to =.html= and makes file paths relative. +If the =.org= files have an equivalent =.html= version at the same +location, then the converted links should work without any further +manual intervention. However, to disable this automatic path +translation, set ~org-html-link-org-files-as-html~ to ~nil~. When +disabled, the HTML export back-end substitutes the ID-based links in +the HTML output. For more about linking files when publishing to +a directory, see [[*Publishing links]]. + +Org files can also have special directives to the HTML export +back-end. For example, by using =#+ATTR_HTML= lines to specify new +format attributes to ~~ or ~~ tags. This example shows +changing the link's title and style: + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_HTML}, keyword +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_HTML: :title The Org mode homepage :style color:red; +[[https://orgmode.org]] +#+end_example + +*** Tables in HTML export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to modify the formatting of tables. +:END: +#+cindex: tables, in HTML +#+vindex: org-export-html-table-tag + +The HTML export back-end uses ~org-html-table-default-attributes~ when +exporting Org tables to HTML. By default, the exporter does not draw +frames and cell borders. To change for this for a table, use the +following lines before the table in the Org file: + +#+cindex: @samp{CAPTION}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_HTML}, keyword +#+begin_example +,#+CAPTION: This is a table with lines around and between cells +,#+ATTR_HTML: :border 2 :rules all :frame border +#+end_example + +The HTML export back-end preserves column groupings in Org tables (see +[[*Column Groups]]) when exporting to HTML. + +Additional options for customizing tables for HTML export. + +- ~org-html-table-align-individual-fields~ :: + + #+vindex: org-html-table-align-individual-fields + Non-~nil~ attaches style attributes for alignment to each table + field. + +- ~org-html-table-caption-above~ :: + + #+vindex: org-html-table-caption-above + Non-~nil~ places caption string at the beginning of the table. + +- ~org-html-table-data-tags~ :: + + #+vindex: org-html-table-data-tags + Opening and ending tags for table data fields. + +- ~org-html-table-default-attributes~ :: + + #+vindex: org-html-table-default-attributes + Default attributes and values for table tags. + +- ~org-html-table-header-tags~ :: + + #+vindex: org-html-table-header-tags + Opening and ending tags for table's header fields. + +- ~org-html-table-row-tags~ :: + + #+vindex: org-html-table-row-tags + Opening and ending tags for table rows. + +- ~org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column~ :: + + #+vindex: org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column + Non-~nil~ formats column one in tables with header tags. + +*** Images in HTML export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to insert figures into HTML output. +:END: +#+cindex: images, inline in HTML +#+cindex: inlining images in HTML + +The HTML export back-end has features to convert Org image links to +HTML inline images and HTML clickable image links. + +#+vindex: org-html-inline-images +When the link in the Org file has no description, the HTML export +back-end by default in-lines that image. For example: +=[[file:myimg.jpg]]= is in-lined, while =[[file:myimg.jpg][the image]]= links to the text, +=the image=. For more details, see the variable +~org-html-inline-images~. + +On the other hand, if the description part of the Org link is itself +another link, such as =file:= or =http:= URL pointing to an image, the +HTML export back-end in-lines this image and links to the main image. +This Org syntax enables the back-end to link low-resolution thumbnail +to the high-resolution version of the image, as shown in this example: + +: [[file:highres.jpg][file:thumb.jpg]] + +To change attributes of in-lined images, use =#+ATTR_HTML= lines in +the Org file. This example shows realignment to right, and adds ~alt~ +and ~title~ attributes in support of text viewers and modern web +accessibility standards. + +#+cindex: @samp{CAPTION}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_HTML}, keyword +#+begin_example +,#+CAPTION: A black cat stalking a spider +,#+ATTR_HTML: :alt cat/spider image :title Action! :align right +[[./img/a.jpg]] +#+end_example + +The HTML export back-end copies the =http= links from the Org file +as-is. + +*** Math formatting in HTML export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Beautiful math also on the web. +:END: +#+cindex: MathJax +#+cindex: dvipng +#+cindex: dvisvgm +#+cindex: ImageMagick + +#+vindex: org-html-mathjax-options~ +LaTeX math snippets (see [[*LaTeX fragments]]) can be displayed in two +different ways on HTML pages. The default is to use the [[https://www.mathjax.org][MathJax]], +which should work out of the box with Org[fn:129][fn:130]. Some MathJax +display options can be configured via ~org-html-mathjax-options~, or +in the buffer. For example, with the following settings, + +#+begin_example +,#+HTML_MATHJAX: align: left indent: 5em tagside: left font: Neo-Euler +,#+HTML_MATHJAX: cancel.js noErrors.js +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +equation labels are displayed on the left margin and equations are +five em from the left margin. In addition, it loads the two MathJax +extensions =cancel.js= and =noErrors.js=[fn:131]. + +#+vindex: org-html-mathjax-template +See the docstring of ~org-html-mathjax-options~ for all supported +variables. The MathJax template can be configure via +~org-html-mathjax-template~. + +If you prefer, you can also request that LaTeX fragments are processed +into small images that will be inserted into the browser page. Before +the availability of MathJax, this was the default method for Org +files. This method requires that the dvipng program, dvisvgm or +ImageMagick suite is available on your system. You can still get this +processing with + +: #+OPTIONS: tex:dvipng + +: #+OPTIONS: tex:dvisvgm + +#+texinfo: @noindent +or + +: #+OPTIONS: tex:imagemagick + +*** Text areas in HTML export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: An alternate way to show an example. +:END: + +#+cindex: text areas, in HTML +Before Org mode's Babel, one popular approach to publishing code in +HTML was by using =:textarea=. The advantage of this approach was +that copying and pasting was built into browsers with simple +JavaScript commands. Even editing before pasting was made simple. + +The HTML export back-end can create such text areas. It requires an +=#+ATTR_HTML= line as shown in the example below with the =:textarea= +option. This must be followed by either an example or a source code +block. Other Org block types do not honor the =:textarea= option. + +By default, the HTML export back-end creates a text area 80 characters +wide and height just enough to fit the content. Override these +defaults with =:width= and =:height= options on the =#+ATTR_HTML= +line. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_HTML: :textarea t :width 40 +,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + (defun org-xor (a b) + "Exclusive or." + (if a (not b) b)) +,#+END_EXAMPLE +#+end_example + +*** CSS support +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Changing the appearance of the output. +:END: +#+cindex: CSS, for HTML export +#+cindex: HTML export, CSS + +#+vindex: org-export-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix +#+vindex: org-export-html-tag-class-prefix +You can modify the CSS style definitions for the exported file. The +HTML exporter assigns the following special CSS classes[fn:132] to +appropriate parts of the document---your style specifications may +change these, in addition to any of the standard classes like for +headlines, tables, etc. + +| ~p.author~ | author information, including email | +| ~p.date~ | publishing date | +| ~p.creator~ | creator info, about org mode version | +| ~.title~ | document title | +| ~.subtitle~ | document subtitle | +| ~.todo~ | TODO keywords, all not-done states | +| ~.done~ | the DONE keywords, all states that count as done | +| ~.WAITING~ | each TODO keyword also uses a class named after itself | +| ~.timestamp~ | timestamp | +| ~.timestamp-kwd~ | keyword associated with a timestamp, like =SCHEDULED= | +| ~.timestamp-wrapper~ | span around keyword plus timestamp | +| ~.tag~ | tag in a headline | +| ~._HOME~ | each tag uses itself as a class, "@" replaced by "_" | +| ~.target~ | target for links | +| ~.linenr~ | the line number in a code example | +| ~.code-highlighted~ | for highlighting referenced code lines | +| ~div.outline-N~ | div for outline level N (headline plus text) | +| ~div.outline-text-N~ | extra div for text at outline level N | +| ~.section-number-N~ | section number in headlines, different for each level | +| ~.figure-number~ | label like "Figure 1:" | +| ~.table-number~ | label like "Table 1:" | +| ~.listing-number~ | label like "Listing 1:" | +| ~div.figure~ | how to format an in-lined image | +| ~pre.src~ | formatted source code | +| ~pre.example~ | normal example | +| ~p.verse~ | verse paragraph | +| ~div.footnotes~ | footnote section headline | +| ~p.footnote~ | footnote definition paragraph, containing a footnote | +| ~.footref~ | a footnote reference number (always a ) | +| ~.footnum~ | footnote number in footnote definition (always ) | +| ~.org-svg~ | default class for a linked =.svg= image | + +#+vindex: org-html-style-default +#+vindex: org-html-head +#+vindex: org-html-head-extra +#+cindex: @samp{HTML_INCLUDE_STYLE}, keyword +The HTML export back-end includes a compact default style in each +exported HTML file. To override the default style with another style, +use these keywords in the Org file. They will replace the global +defaults the HTML exporter uses. + +#+cindex: @samp{HTML_HEAD}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{HTML_HEAD_EXTRA}, keyword +#+begin_example +,#+HTML_HEAD: +,#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-html-head-include-default-style +To just turn off the default style, customize +~org-html-head-include-default-style~ variable, or use this option +line in the Org file. + +#+cindex: @samp{html-style}, @samp{OPTIONS} item +: #+OPTIONS: html-style:nil + +For longer style definitions, either use several =HTML_HEAD= and +=HTML_HEAD_EXTRA= keywords, or use ~~ blocks +around them. Both of these approaches can avoid referring to an +external file. + +#+cindex: @samp{HTML_CONTAINER_CLASS}, property +#+cindex: @samp{HTML_HEADLINE_CLASS}, property +In order to add styles to a sub-tree, use the =HTML_CONTAINER_CLASS= +property to assign a class to the tree. In order to specify CSS +styles for a particular headline, you can use the ID specified in +a =CUSTOM_ID= property. You can also assign a specific class to +a headline with the =HTML_HEADLINE_CLASS= property. + +Never change the ~org-html-style-default~ constant. Instead use other +simpler ways of customizing as described above. + +*** JavaScript supported display of web pages +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Info and folding in a web browser. +:ALT_TITLE: JavaScript support +:END: + +Sebastian Rose has written a JavaScript program especially designed to +allow two different ways of viewing HTML files created with Org. One +is an /Info/-like mode where each section is displayed separately and +navigation can be done with the {{{kbd(n)}}} and {{{kbd(p)}}} keys, and some other +keys as well, press {{{kbd(?)}}} for an overview of the available keys. The +second one has a /folding/ view, much like Org provides inside Emacs. +The script is available at https://orgmode.org/org-info.js and the +documentation at https://orgmode.org/worg/code/org-info-js/. The +script is hosted on https://orgmode.org, but for reliability, prefer +installing it on your own web server. + +To use this program, just add this line to the Org file: + +#+cindex: @samp{INFOJS_OPT}, keyword +: #+INFOJS_OPT: view:info toc:nil + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The HTML header now has the code needed to automatically invoke the +script. For setting options, use the syntax from the above line for +options described below: + +- =path:= :: + + The path to the script. The default is to grab the script from + [[https://orgmode.org/org-info.js]], but you might want to have a local + copy and use a path like =../scripts/org-info.js=. + +- =view:= :: + + Initial view when the website is first shown. Possible values are: + + | =info= | Info-like interface with one section per page | + | =overview= | Folding interface, initially showing only top-level | + | =content= | Folding interface, starting with all headlines visible | + | =showall= | Folding interface, all headlines and text visible | + +- =sdepth:= :: + + Maximum headline level still considered as an independent section + for info and folding modes. The default is taken from + ~org-export-headline-levels~, i.e., the =H= switch in =OPTIONS=. If + this is smaller than in ~org-export-headline-levels~, each + info/folding section can still contain child headlines. + +- =toc:= :: + + Should the table of contents /initially/ be visible? Even when + =nil=, you can always get to the "toc" with {{{kbd(i)}}}. + +- =tdepth:= :: + + The depth of the table of contents. The defaults are taken from the + variables ~org-export-headline-levels~ and ~org-export-with-toc~. + +- =ftoc:= :: + + Does the CSS of the page specify a fixed position for the "toc"? If + yes, the toc is displayed as a section. + +- =ltoc:= :: + + Should there be short contents (children) in each section? Make + this =above= if the section should be above initial text. + +- =mouse:= :: + + Headings are highlighted when the mouse is over them. Should be + =underline= (default) or a background color like =#cccccc=. + +- =buttons:= :: + + Should view-toggle buttons be everywhere? When =nil= (the default), + only one such button is present. + +#+vindex: org-infojs-options +#+vindex: org-export-html-use-infojs +You can choose default values for these options by customizing the +variable ~org-infojs-options~. If you always want to apply the script +to your pages, configure the variable ~org-export-html-use-infojs~. + +** LaTeX Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to @LaTeX{} and processing to PDF. +:END: +#+cindex: @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: PDF export + +The LaTeX export back-end can handle complex documents, incorporate +standard or custom LaTeX document classes, generate documents using +alternate LaTeX engines, and produce fully linked PDF files with +indexes, bibliographies, and tables of contents, destined for +interactive online viewing or high-quality print publication. + +While the details are covered in-depth in this section, here are some +quick references to variables for the impatient: for engines, see +~org-latex-compiler~; for build sequences, see +~org-latex-pdf-process~; for packages, see +~org-latex-default-packages-alist~ and ~org-latex-packages-alist~. + +An important note about the LaTeX export back-end: it is sensitive to +blank lines in the Org document. That's because LaTeX itself depends +on blank lines to tell apart syntactical elements, such as paragraphs. + +*** LaTeX/PDF export commands +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: For producing @LaTeX{} and PDF documents. +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l l)}}} (~org-latex-export-to-latex~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e l l + #+findex: org-latex-export-to-latex~ + Export to a LaTeX file with a =.tex= extension. For =myfile.org=, + Org exports to =myfile.tex=, overwriting without warning. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l L)}}} (~org-latex-export-as-latex~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e l L + #+findex: org-latex-export-as-latex + Export to a temporary buffer. Do not create a file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l p)}}} (~org-latex-export-to-pdf~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e l p + #+findex: org-latex-export-to-pdf + Export as LaTeX file and convert it to PDF file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l o)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e l o + Export as LaTeX file and convert it to PDF, then open the PDF using + the default viewer. + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-export-region-as-latex)}}} :: + + Convert the region to LaTeX under the assumption that it was in Org + mode syntax before. This is a global command that can be invoked in + any buffer. + +#+vindex: org-latex-compiler +#+vindex: org-latex-bibtex-compiler +#+vindex: org-latex-default-packages-alist +#+cindex: pdflatex +#+cindex: xelatex +#+cindex: lualatex +#+cindex: @samp{LATEX_COMPILER}, keyword +The LaTeX export back-end can use any of these LaTeX engines: +=pdflatex=, =xelatex=, and =lualatex=. These engines compile LaTeX +files with different compilers, packages, and output options. The +LaTeX export back-end finds the compiler version to use from +~org-latex-compiler~ variable or the =#+LATEX_COMPILER= keyword in the +Org file. See the docstring for the +~org-latex-default-packages-alist~ for loading packages with certain +compilers. Also see ~org-latex-bibtex-compiler~ to set the +bibliography compiler[fn:133]. + +*** LaTeX specific export settings +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Unique to this @LaTeX{} back-end. +:END: + +The LaTeX export back-end has several additional keywords for +customizing LaTeX output. Setting these keywords works similar to the +general options (see [[*Export Settings]]). + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- =DESCRIPTION= :: + #+cindex: @samp{DESCRIPTION}, keyword + #+vindex: org-latex-hyperref-template + #+vindex: org-latex-title-command + The document's description. The description along with author name, + keywords, and related file metadata are inserted in the output file + by the hyperref package. See ~org-latex-hyperref-template~ for + customizing metadata items. See ~org-latex-title-command~ for + typesetting description into the document's front matter. Use + multiple =DESCRIPTION= keywords for long descriptions. + +- =LANGUAGE= :: + #+cindex: @samp{LANGUAGE}, keyword + #+vindex: org-latex-packages-alist + In order to be effective, the =babel= or =polyglossia= + packages---according to the LaTeX compiler used---must be loaded + with the appropriate language as argument. This can be accomplished + by modifying the ~org-latex-packages-alist~ variable, e.g., with the + following snippet: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist + '("AUTO" "babel" t ("pdflatex"))) + (add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist + '("AUTO" "polyglossia" t ("xelatex" "lualatex"))) + #+end_src + +- =LATEX_CLASS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{LATEX_CLASS}, keyword + #+vindex: org-latex-default-class + #+vindex: org-latex-classes + This is LaTeX document class, such as /article/, /report/, /book/, + and so on, which contain predefined preamble and headline level + mapping that the LaTeX export back-end needs. The back-end reads + the default class name from the ~org-latex-default-class~ variable. + Org has /article/ as the default class. A valid default class must + be an element of ~org-latex-classes~. + +- =LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS}, keyword + Options the LaTeX export back-end uses when calling the LaTeX + document class. + +- =LATEX_COMPILER= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{LATEX_COMPILER}, keyword + #+vindex: org-latex-compiler + The compiler, such as =pdflatex=, =xelatex=, =lualatex=, for + producing the PDF. See ~org-latex-compiler~. + +- =LATEX_HEADER=, =LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{LATEX_HEADER}, keyword + #+cindex: @samp{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA}, keyword + #+vindex: org-latex-classes + Arbitrary lines to add to the document's preamble, before the + hyperref settings. See ~org-latex-classes~ for adjusting the + structure and order of the LaTeX headers. + +- =KEYWORDS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{KEYWORDS}, keyword + #+vindex: org-latex-hyperref-template + #+vindex: org-latex-title-command + The keywords for the document. The description along with author + name, keywords, and related file metadata are inserted in the output + file by the hyperref package. See ~org-latex-hyperref-template~ for + customizing metadata items. See ~org-latex-title-command~ for + typesetting description into the document's front matter. Use + multiple =KEYWORDS= lines if necessary. + +- =SUBTITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword + #+vindex: org-latex-subtitle-separate + #+vindex: org-latex-subtitle-format + The document's subtitle. It is typeset as per + ~org-latex-subtitle-format~. If ~org-latex-subtitle-separate~ is + non-~nil~, it is typed outside of the ~\title~ macro. See + ~org-latex-hyperref-template~ for customizing metadata items. See + ~org-latex-title-command~ for typesetting description into the + document's front matter. + +The following sections have further details. + +*** LaTeX header and sectioning structure +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Setting up the export file structure. +:ALT_TITLE: LaTeX header and sectioning +:END: +#+cindex: @LaTeX{} class +#+cindex: @LaTeX{} sectioning structure +#+cindex: @LaTeX{} header +#+cindex: header, for @LaTeX{} files +#+cindex: sectioning structure, for @LaTeX{} export + +The LaTeX export back-end converts the first three of Org's outline +levels into LaTeX headlines. The remaining Org levels are exported as +lists. To change this globally for the cut-off point between levels +and lists, (see [[*Export Settings]]). + +By default, the LaTeX export back-end uses the /article/ class. + +#+vindex: org-latex-default-class +#+vindex: org-latex-classes +#+vindex: org-latex-default-packages-alist +#+vindex: org-latex-packages-alist +To change the default class globally, edit ~org-latex-default-class~. +To change the default class locally in an Org file, add option lines +=#+LATEX_CLASS: myclass=. To change the default class for just a part +of the Org file, set a sub-tree property, =EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS=. The +class name entered here must be valid member of ~org-latex-classes~. +This variable defines a header template for each class into which the +exporter splices the values of ~org-latex-default-packages-alist~ and +~org-latex-packages-alist~. Use the same three variables to define +custom sectioning or custom classes. + +#+cindex: @samp{LATEX_CLASS}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS}, property +#+cindex: @samp{EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS}, property +The LaTeX export back-end sends the =LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS= keyword and +=EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS= property as options to the LaTeX +~\documentclass~ macro. The options and the syntax for specifying +them, including enclosing them in square brackets, follow LaTeX +conventions. + +: #+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper,11pt,twoside,twocolumn] + +#+cindex: @samp{LATEX_HEADER}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA}, keyword +The LaTeX export back-end appends values from =LATEX_HEADER= and +=LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA= keywords to the LaTeX header. The docstring for +~org-latex-classes~ explains in more detail. Also note that LaTeX +export back-end does not append =LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA= to the header +when previewing LaTeX snippets (see [[*Previewing LaTeX fragments]]). + +A sample Org file with the above headers: + +#+begin_example +,#+LATEX_CLASS: article +,#+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper] +,#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xyz} + +,* Headline 1 + some text +,* Headline 2 + some more text +#+end_example + +*** Quoting LaTeX code +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Incorporating literal @LaTeX{} code. +:END: + +The LaTeX export back-end can insert any arbitrary LaTeX code, see +[[*Embedded LaTeX]]. There are three ways to embed such code in the Org +file and they all use different quoting syntax. + +#+cindex: inline, in @LaTeX{} export +Inserting in-line quoted with @ symbols: + +: Code embedded in-line @@latex:any arbitrary LaTeX code@@ in a paragraph. + +#+cindex: @samp{LATEX}, keyword +Inserting as one or more keyword lines in the Org file: + +: #+LATEX: any arbitrary LaTeX code + +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT latex} +Inserting as an export block in the Org file, where the back-end +exports any code between begin and end markers: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex + any arbitrary LaTeX code +,#+END_EXPORT +#+end_example + +*** Tables in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Options for exporting tables to @LaTeX{}. +:END: +#+cindex: tables, in @LaTeX{} export + +The LaTeX export back-end can pass several LaTeX attributes for table +contents and layout. Besides specifying a label (see [[*Internal Links]]) +and a caption (see [[*Captions]]), the other valid LaTeX attributes +include: + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- =:mode= :: + + #+vindex: org-latex-default-table-mode + The LaTeX export back-end wraps the table differently depending on + the mode for accurate rendering of math symbols. Mode is either + =table=, =math=, =inline-math= or =verbatim=. + + For =math= or =inline-math= mode, LaTeX export back-end wraps the + table in a math environment, but every cell in it is exported as-is. + The LaTeX export back-end determines the default mode from + ~org-latex-default-table-mode~. The LaTeX export back-end merges + contiguous tables in the same mode into a single environment. + +- =:environment= :: + + #+vindex: org-latex-default-table-environment + Set the default LaTeX table environment for the LaTeX export + back-end to use when exporting Org tables. Common LaTeX table + environments are provided by these packages: tabularx, longtable, + array, tabu, and bmatrix. For packages, such as tabularx and tabu, + or any newer replacements, include them in the + ~org-latex-packages-alist~ variable so the LaTeX export back-end can + insert the appropriate load package headers in the converted LaTeX + file. Look in the docstring for the ~org-latex-packages-alist~ + variable for configuring these packages for LaTeX snippet previews, + if any. + +- =:caption= :: + + Use =CAPTION= keyword to set a simple caption for a table (see + [[*Captions]]). For custom captions, use =:caption= attribute, which + accepts raw LaTeX code. =:caption= value overrides =CAPTION= value. + +- =:float=, =:placement= :: + + The table environments by default are not floats in LaTeX. To make + them floating objects use =:float= with one of the following + options: =sideways=, =multicolumn=, =t=, and =nil=. + + LaTeX floats can also have additional layout =:placement= + attributes. These are the usual =[h t b p ! H]= permissions + specified in square brackets. Note that for =:float sideways= + tables, the LaTeX export back-end ignores =:placement= attributes. + +- =:align=, =:font=, =:width= :: + + The LaTeX export back-end uses these attributes for regular tables + to set their alignments, fonts, and widths. + +- =:spread= :: + + When =:spread= is non-~nil~, the LaTeX export back-end spreads or + shrinks the table by the =:width= for tabu and longtabu + environments. =:spread= has no effect if =:width= is not set. + +- =:booktabs=, =:center=, =:rmlines= :: + + #+vindex: org-latex-tables-booktabs + #+vindex: org-latex-tables-centered + All three commands are toggles. =:booktabs= brings in modern + typesetting enhancements to regular tables. The booktabs package + has to be loaded through ~org-latex-packages-alist~. =:center= is + for centering the table. =:rmlines= removes all but the very first + horizontal line made of ASCII characters from "table.el" tables + only. + +- =:math-prefix=, =:math-suffix=, =:math-arguments= :: + + The LaTeX export back-end inserts =:math-prefix= string value in + a math environment before the table. The LaTeX export back-end + inserts =:math-suffix= string value in a math environment after the + table. The LaTeX export back-end inserts =:math-arguments= string + value between the macro name and the table's contents. + =:math-arguments= comes in use for matrix macros that require more + than one argument, such as =qbordermatrix=. + +LaTeX table attributes help formatting tables for a wide range of +situations, such as matrix product or spanning multiple pages: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment longtable :align l|lp{3cm}r|l +| ... | ... | +| ... | ... | + +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :mode math :environment bmatrix :math-suffix \times +| a | b | +| c | d | +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :mode math :environment bmatrix +| 1 | 2 | +| 3 | 4 | +#+end_example + +Set the caption with the LaTeX command +=\bicaption{HeadingA}{HeadingB}=: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \bicaption{HeadingA}{HeadingB} +| ... | ... | +| ... | ... | +#+end_example + +*** Images in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to insert figures into @LaTeX{} output. +:END: +#+cindex: images, inline in LaTeX +#+cindex: inlining images in LaTeX +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The LaTeX export back-end processes image links in Org files that do +not have descriptions, such as these links =[[file:img.jpg]]= or +=[[./img.jpg]]=, as direct image insertions in the final PDF output. In +the PDF, they are no longer links but actual images embedded on the +page. The LaTeX export back-end uses =\includegraphics= macro to +insert the image. But for TikZ (http://sourceforge.net/projects/pgf/) +images, the back-end uses an ~\input~ macro wrapped within +a ~tikzpicture~ environment. + +For specifying image =:width=, =:height=, =:scale= and other =:options=, +use this syntax: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 5cm :options angle=90 +[[./img/sed-hr4049.pdf]] +#+end_example + +A =:scale= attribute overrides both =:width= and =:height= attributes. + +For custom commands for captions, use the =:caption= attribute. It +overrides the default =#+CAPTION= value: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \bicaption{HeadingA}{HeadingB} +[[./img/sed-hr4049.pdf]] +#+end_example + +When captions follow the method as described in [[*Captions]], the LaTeX +export back-end wraps the picture in a floating =figure= environment. +To float an image without specifying a caption, set the =:float= +attribute to one of the following: + +- =t= :: + + For a standard =figure= environment; used by default whenever an + image has a caption. + +- =multicolumn= :: + + To span the image across multiple columns of a page; the back-end + wraps the image in a =figure*= environment. + +- =wrap= :: + + For text to flow around the image on the right; the figure occupies + the left half of the page. + +- =sideways= :: + + For a new page with the image sideways, rotated ninety degrees, in + a =sidewaysfigure= environment; overrides =:placement= setting. + +- =nil= :: + + To avoid a =:float= even if using a caption. + +Use the =placement= attribute to modify a floating environment's +placement. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :float wrap :width 0.38\textwidth :placement {r}{0.4\textwidth} +[[./img/hst.png]] +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-latex-images-centered +#+cindex: center image in LaTeX export +#+cindex: image, centering in LaTeX export +The LaTeX export back-end centers all images by default. Setting +=:center= to =nil= disables centering. To disable centering globally, +set ~org-latex-images-centered~ to =nil=. + +Set the =:comment-include= attribute to non-~nil~ value for the LaTeX +export back-end to comment out the =\includegraphics= macro. + +*** Plain lists in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Attributes specific to lists. +:END: + +#+cindex: plain lists, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword +The LaTeX export back-end accepts the =environment= and =options= +attributes for plain lists. Both attributes work together for +customizing lists, as shown in the examples: + +#+begin_example +,#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage[inline]{enumitem} +Some ways to say "Hello": +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment itemize* +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :options [label={}, itemjoin={,}, itemjoin*={, and}] +- Hola +- Bonjour +- Guten Tag. +#+end_example + +Since LaTeX supports only four levels of nesting for lists, use an +external package, such as =enumitem= in LaTeX, for levels deeper than +four: + +#+begin_example +,#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{enumitem} +,#+LATEX_HEADER: \renewlist{itemize}{itemize}{9} +,#+LATEX_HEADER: \setlist[itemize]{label=$\circ$} +- One + - Two + - Three + - Four + - Five +#+end_example + +*** Source blocks in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Attributes specific to source code blocks. +:END: +#+cindex: source blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The LaTeX export back-end can make source code blocks into floating +objects through the attributes =:float= and =:options=. For =:float=: + +- =t= :: + + Makes a source block float; by default floats any source block with + a caption. + +- =multicolumn= :: + + Spans the source block across multiple columns of a page. + +- =nil= :: + + Avoids a =:float= even if using a caption; useful for source code + blocks that may not fit on a page. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :float nil +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + Lisp code that may not fit in a single page. +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-latex-listings-options +#+vindex: org-latex-minted-options +The LaTeX export back-end passes string values in =:options= to LaTeX +packages for customization of that specific source block. In the +example below, the =:options= are set for Minted. Minted is a source +code highlighting LaTeX package with many configurable options[fn:134]. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :options commentstyle=\bfseries +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (defun Fib (n) + (if (< n 2) n (+ (Fib (- n 1)) (Fib (- n 2))))) +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +To apply similar configuration options for all source blocks in +a file, use the ~org-latex-listings-options~ and +~org-latex-minted-options~ variables. + +*** Example blocks in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Attributes specific to example blocks. +:END: +#+cindex: example blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: verbatim blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The LaTeX export back-end wraps the contents of example blocks in +a =verbatim= environment. To change this behavior to use another +environment globally, specify an appropriate export filter (see +[[*Advanced Export Configuration]]). To change this behavior to use +another environment for each block, use the =:environment= parameter +to specify a custom environment. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment myverbatim +,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + This sentence is false. +,#+END_EXAMPLE +#+end_example + +*** Special blocks in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Attributes specific to special blocks. +:END: + +#+cindex: special blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: abstract, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: proof, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +For other special blocks in the Org file, the LaTeX export back-end +makes a special environment of the same name. The back-end also takes +=:options=, if any, and appends as-is to that environment's opening +string. For example: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_abstract + We demonstrate how to solve the Syracuse problem. +,#+END_abstract + +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :options [Proof of important theorem] +,#+BEGIN_proof + ... + Therefore, any even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes. +,#+END_proof +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +exports to + +#+begin_example +\begin{abstract} + We demonstrate how to solve the Syracuse problem. +\end{abstract} + +\begin{proof}[Proof of important theorem] + ... + Therefore, any even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes. +\end{proof} +#+end_example + +If you need to insert a specific caption command, use =:caption= +attribute. It overrides standard =CAPTION= value, if any. For +example: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \MyCaption{HeadingA} +,#+BEGIN_proof + ... +,#+END_proof +#+end_example + +*** Horizontal rules in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Attributes specific to horizontal rules. +:END: +#+cindex: horizontal rules, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The LaTeX export back-end converts horizontal rules by the specified +=:width= and =:thickness= attributes. For example: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :width .6\textwidth :thickness 0.8pt +----- +#+end_example + +*** Verse blocks in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Attributes specific to special blocks. +:END: + +#+cindex: verse blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The LaTeX export back-end accepts four attributes for verse blocks: +=:lines=, =:center=, =:versewidth= and =:latexcode=. The three first +require the external LaTeX package =verse.sty=, which is an extension +of the standard LaTeX environment. + +- =:lines= :: To add marginal verse numbering. Its value is an + integer, the sequence in which the verses should be numbered. +- =:center= :: With value =t= all the verses on the page are optically + centered (a typographic convention for poetry), taking as a + reference the longest verse, which must be indicated by the + attribute =:versewidth=. +- =:versewidth= :: Its value is a literal text string with the longest + verse. +- =:latexcode= :: It accepts any arbitrary LaTeX code that can be + included within a LaTeX =verse= environment. + +A complete example with Shakespeare's first sonnet: + +#+begin_src org +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :center t :latexcode \color{red} :lines 5 +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :versewidth Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel, +,#+BEGIN_VERSE +From fairest creatures we desire increase, +That thereby beauty’s rose might never die, +But as the riper should by time decease +His tender heir might bear his memory +But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes, +Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel, +Making a famine where abundance lies, +Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel. +Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament, +And only herald to the gaudy spring, +Within thine own bud buriest thy content, +And, tender churl, mak’st waste in niggardly. +Pity the world, or else this glutton be, +To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee. +,#+END_VERSE +#+end_src + +*** Quote blocks in LaTeX export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Attributes specific to quote blocks. +:END: + +#+cindex: quote blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword +#+cindex: org-latex-default-quote-environment + +The LaTeX export back-end accepts two attributes for quote blocks: +=:environment=, for an arbitrary quoting environment (the default +value is that of ~org-latex-default-quote-environment~: ~"quote"~) and +=:options=. For example, to choose the environment =quotation=, +included as an alternative to =quote= in standard LaTeX classes: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment quotation +,#+BEGIN_QUOTE +some text... +,#+END_QUOTE +#+end_example + +To choose the =foreigndisplayquote= environment, included in the LaTeX +package =csquotes=, with the =german= option, use this syntax: + +#+begin_example +,#+LATEX_HEADER:\usepackage[autostyle=true]{csquotes} +,#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment foreigndisplayquote :options {german} +,#+BEGIN_QUOTE +some text in German... +,#+END_QUOTE +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +which is exported to LaTeX as + +#+begin_example +\begin{foreigndisplayquote}{german} +some text in German... +\end{foreigndisplayquote} +#+end_example + +** Markdown Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to Markdown. +:END: +#+cindex: Markdown export + +The Markdown export back-end, "md", converts an Org file to Markdown +format, as defined at http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/. + +Since it is built on top of the HTML back-end (see [[*HTML Export]]), it +converts every Org construct not defined in Markdown syntax, such as +tables, to HTML. + +*** Markdown export commands +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e m m)}}} (~org-md-export-to-markdown~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c m m + #+findex: org-md-export-to-markdown + Export to a text file with Markdown syntax. For =myfile.org=, Org + exports to =myfile.md=, overwritten without warning. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e m M)}}} (~org-md-export-as-markdown~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-c m M + #+findex: org-md-export-as-markdown + Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e m o)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e m o + Export as a text file with Markdown syntax, then open it. + +*** Header and sectioning structure +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+vindex: org-md-headline-style +Based on ~org-md-headline-style~, Markdown export can generate +headlines of both /atx/ and /setext/ types. /atx/ limits headline +levels to two whereas /setext/ limits headline levels to six. Beyond +these limits, the export back-end converts headlines to lists. To set +a limit to a level before the absolute limit (see [[*Export Settings]]). + +** OpenDocument Text Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to OpenDocument Text. +:END: +#+cindex: ODT +#+cindex: OpenDocument +#+cindex: export, OpenDocument +#+cindex: LibreOffice + +The ODT export back-end handles creating of OpenDocument Text (ODT) +format. Documents created by this exporter use the +{{{cite(OpenDocument-v1.2 specification)}}}[fn:135] and are compatible +with LibreOffice 3.4. + +*** Pre-requisites for ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Required packages. +:END: +#+cindex: zip + +The ODT export back-end relies on the zip program to create the final +compressed ODT output. Check if =zip= is locally available and +executable. Without it, export cannot finish. + +*** ODT export commands +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Invoking export. +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e o o)}}} (~org-export-to-odt~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e o o + #+findex: org-export-to-odt + Export as OpenDocument Text file. + + #+cindex: @samp{EXPORT_FILE_NAME}, property + #+vindex: org-odt-preferred-output-format + + If ~org-odt-preferred-output-format~ is specified, the ODT export + back-end automatically converts the exported file to that format. + + For =myfile.org=, Org exports to =myfile.odt=, overwriting without + warning. The ODT export back-end exports a region only if a region + was active. + + If the selected region is a single tree, the ODT export back-end + makes the tree head the document title. Incidentally, {{{kbd(C-c + @)}}} selects the current sub-tree. If the tree head entry has, or + inherits, an =EXPORT_FILE_NAME= property, the ODT export back-end + uses that for file name. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e o O)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e o O + Export as an OpenDocument Text file and open the resulting file. + + #+vindex: org-export-odt-preferred-output-format + If ~org-export-odt-preferred-output-format~ is specified, open the + converted file instead. See [[*Automatically exporting to other + formats]]. + +*** ODT specific export settings +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Configuration options. +:END: + +The ODT export back-end has several additional keywords for +customizing ODT output. Setting these keywords works similar to the +general options (see [[*Export Settings]]). + +- =DESCRIPTION= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{DESCRIPTION}, keyword + This is the document's description, which the ODT export back-end + inserts as document metadata. For long descriptions, use multiple + lines, prefixed with =DESCRIPTION=. + +- =KEYWORDS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{KEYWORDS}, keyword + The keywords for the document. The ODT export back-end inserts the + description along with author name, keywords, and related file + metadata as metadata in the output file. Use multiple =KEYWORDS= if + necessary. + +- =ODT_STYLES_FILE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{ODT_STYLES_FILE}, keyword + #+vindex: org-odt-styles-file + The ODT export back-end uses the ~org-odt-styles-file~ by default. + See [[*Applying custom styles]] for details. + +- =SUBTITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword + The document subtitle. + +*** Extending ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Producing DOC, PDF files. +:END: + +The ODT export back-end can produce documents in other formats besides +ODT using a specialized ODT converter process. Its common interface +works with popular converters to produce formats such as =doc=, or +convert a document from one format, say =csv=, to another format, say +=xls=. + +#+cindex: @file{unoconv} +#+vindex: org-odt-convert-process +Customize ~org-odt-convert-process~ variable to point to =unoconv=, +which is the ODT's preferred converter. Working installations of +LibreOffice would already have =unoconv= installed. Alternatively, +other converters may be substituted here. See [[*Configuring +a document converter]]. + +**** Automatically exporting to other formats +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+vindex: org-odt-preferred-output-format +If ODT format is just an intermediate step to get to other formats, +such as =doc=, =docx=, =rtf=, or =pdf=, etc., then extend the ODT +export back-end to directly produce that format. Specify the final +format in the ~org-odt-preferred-output-format~ variable. This is one +way to extend (see [[*ODT export commands]]). + +**** Converting between document formats +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The Org export back-end is made to be inter-operable with a wide range +of text document format converters. Newer generation converters, such +as LibreOffice and Pandoc, can handle hundreds of formats at once. +Org provides a consistent interaction with whatever converter is +installed. Here are some generic commands: + +- {{{kbd(M-x org-odt-convert)}}} :: + + #+findex: org-odt-convert + Convert an existing document from one format to another. With + a prefix argument, opens the newly produced file. + +*** Applying custom styles +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Styling the output. +:END: +#+cindex: styles, custom +#+cindex: template, custom + +The ODT export back-end comes with many OpenDocument styles (see +[[*Working with OpenDocument style files]]). To expand or further +customize these built-in style sheets, either edit the style sheets +directly or generate them using an application such as LibreOffice. +The example here shows creating a style using LibreOffice. + +**** Applying custom styles: the easy way +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +1. Create a sample =example.org= file with settings as shown below, + and export it to ODT format. + + : #+OPTIONS: H:10 num:t + +2. Open the above =example.odt= using LibreOffice. Use the /Stylist/ + to locate the target styles, which typically have the "Org" prefix. + Open one, modify, and save as either OpenDocument Text (ODT) or + OpenDocument Template (OTT) file. + +3. + #+vindex: org-odt-styles-file + Customize the variable ~org-odt-styles-file~ and point it to the + newly created file. For additional configuration options, see + [[x-overriding-factory-styles][Overriding factory styles]]. + + #+cindex: @samp{ODT_STYLES_FILE}, keyword + To apply an ODT style to a particular file, use the + =ODT_STYLES_FILE= keyword as shown in the example below: + + : #+ODT_STYLES_FILE: "/path/to/example.ott" + + #+texinfo: @noindent + or + + : #+ODT_STYLES_FILE: ("/path/to/file.ott" ("styles.xml" "image/hdr.png")) + +**** Using third-party styles and templates +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The ODT export back-end relies on many templates and style names. +Using third-party styles and templates can lead to mismatches. +Templates derived from built in ODT templates and styles seem to have +fewer problems. + +*** Links in ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Handling and formatting links. +:END: +#+cindex: links, in ODT export + +ODT exporter creates native cross-references for internal links. It +creates Internet-style links for all other links. + +A link with no description and pointing to a regular, un-itemized, +outline heading is replaced with a cross-reference and section number +of the heading. + +A =\ref{label}=-style reference to an image, table etc., is replaced +with a cross-reference and sequence number of the labeled entity. See +[[*Labels and captions in ODT export]]. + +*** Tables in ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Org tables conversions. +:END: + +#+cindex: tables, in ODT export + +The ODT export back-end handles native Org mode tables (see [[*Tables]]) +and simple =table.el= tables. Complex =table.el= tables having column +or row spans are not supported. Such tables are stripped from the +exported document. + +By default, the ODT export back-end exports a table with top and +bottom frames and with ruled lines separating row and column groups +(see [[*Column Groups]]). All tables are typeset to occupy the same +width. The ODT export back-end honors any table alignments and +relative widths for columns (see [[*Column Width and Alignment]]). + +Note that the ODT export back-end interprets column widths as weighted +ratios, the default weight being 1. + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_ODT}, keyword +Specifying =:rel-width= property on an =ATTR_ODT= line controls the +width of the table. For example: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_ODT: :rel-width 50 +| Area/Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Sum | +|---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------| +| / | < | | | < | +| | | | | | +| North America | 1 | 21 | 926 | 948 | +| Middle East | 6 | 75 | 844 | 925 | +| Asia Pacific | 9 | 27 | 790 | 826 | +|---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------| +| Sum | 16 | 123 | 2560 | 2699 | +#+end_example + +On export, the above table takes 50% of text width area. The exporter +sizes the columns in the ratio: 13:5:5:5:6. The first column is +left-aligned and rest of the columns, right-aligned. Vertical rules +separate the header and the last column. Horizontal rules separate +the header and the last row. + +For even more customization, create custom table styles and associate +them with a table using the =ATTR_ODT= keyword. See [[*Customizing +tables in ODT export]]. + +*** Images in ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Inserting images. +:END: +#+cindex: images, embedding in ODT +#+cindex: embedding images in ODT + +**** Embedding images +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The ODT export back-end processes image links in Org files that do not +have descriptions, such as these links =[[file:img.jpg]]= or =[[./img.jpg]]=, +as direct image insertions in the final output. Either of these +examples works: + +: [[file:img.png]] + +: [[./img.png]] + +**** Embedding clickable images +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +For clickable images, provide a link whose description is another link +to an image file. For example, to embed an image +=org-mode-unicorn.png= which when clicked jumps to https://orgmode.org +website, do the following + +: [[https://orgmode.org][./org-mode-unicorn.png]] + +**** Sizing and scaling of embedded images +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_ODT}, keyword + +Control the size and scale of the embedded images with the =ATTR_ODT= +attribute. + +#+cindex: identify, ImageMagick +#+vindex: org-odt-pixels-per-inch +The ODT export back-end starts with establishing the size of the image +in the final document. The dimensions of this size are measured in +centimeters. The back-end then queries the image file for its +dimensions measured in pixels. For this measurement, the back-end +relies on ImageMagick's identify program or Emacs ~create-image~ and +~image-size~ API. ImageMagick is the preferred choice for large file +sizes or frequent batch operations. The back-end then converts the +pixel dimensions using ~org-odt-pixels-per-inch~ into the familiar 72 +dpi or 96 dpi. The default value for this is in +~display-pixels-per-inch~, which can be tweaked for better results +based on the capabilities of the output device. Here are some common +image scaling operations: + +- Explicitly size the image :: + + To embed =img.png= as a 10 cm x 10 cm image, do the following: + + #+begin_example + ,#+ATTR_ODT: :width 10 :height 10 + [[./img.png]] + #+end_example + +- Scale the image :: + + To embed =img.png= at half its size, do the following: + + #+begin_example + ,#+ATTR_ODT: :scale 0.5 + [[./img.png]] + #+end_example + +- Scale the image to a specific width :: + + To embed =img.png= with a width of 10 cm while retaining the + original height:width ratio, do the following: + + #+begin_example + ,#+ATTR_ODT: :width 10 + [[./img.png]] + #+end_example + +- Scale the image to a specific height :: + + To embed =img.png= with a height of 10 cm while retaining the + original height:width ratio, do the following: + + #+begin_example + ,#+ATTR_ODT: :height 10 + [[./img.png]] + #+end_example + +**** Anchoring of images +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_ODT}, keyword +The ODT export back-end can anchor images to =as-char=, =paragraph=, +or =page=. Set the preferred anchor using the =:anchor= property of +the =ATTR_ODT= line. + +To create an image that is anchored to a page: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_ODT: :anchor page +[[./img.png]] +#+end_example + +*** Math formatting in ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Formatting @LaTeX{} fragments. +:END: + +The ODT exporter has special support for handling math. + +**** LaTeX math snippets +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Embedding in @LaTeX{} format. +:END: + +LaTeX math snippets (see [[*LaTeX fragments]]) can be embedded in the ODT +document in one of the following ways: + +- MathML :: + + #+cindex: MathML + Add this line to the Org file. This option is activated on + a per-file basis. + + : #+OPTIONS: tex:t + + With this option, LaTeX fragments are first converted into MathML + fragments using an external LaTeX-to-MathML converter program. The + resulting MathML fragments are then embedded as an OpenDocument + Formula in the exported document. + + #+vindex: org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command + #+vindex: org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file + You can specify the LaTeX-to-MathML converter by customizing the + variables ~org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command~ and + ~org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file~. + + If you prefer to use MathToWeb[fn:136] as your converter, you can + configure the above variables as shown below. + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (setq org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command + "java -jar %j -unicode -force -df %o %I" + org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file + "/path/to/mathtoweb.jar") + #+end_src + + #+texinfo: @noindent + or, to use LaTeX​ML[fn:137] instead, + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (setq org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command + "latexmlmath \"%i\" --presentationmathml=%o") + #+end_src + + To quickly verify the reliability of the LaTeX-to-MathML + converter, use the following commands: + + - {{{kbd(M-x org-export-as-odf)}}} :: + + Convert a LaTeX math snippet to an OpenDocument formula (=.odf=) + file. + + - {{{kbd(M-x org-export-as-odf-and-open)}}} :: + + Convert a LaTeX math snippet to an OpenDocument formula (=.odf=) + file and open the formula file with the system-registered + application. + +- PNG images :: + + #+cindex: dvipng + #+cindex: dvisvgm + #+cindex: ImageMagick + Add this line to the Org file. This option is activated on + a per-file basis. + + : #+OPTIONS: tex:dvipng + + : #+OPTIONS: tex:dvisvgm + + #+texinfo: @noindent + or + + : #+OPTIONS: tex:imagemagick + + Under this option, LaTeX fragments are processed into PNG or SVG + images and the resulting images are embedded in the exported + document. This method requires dvipng program, dvisvgm or + ImageMagick programs. + +**** MathML and OpenDocument formula files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Embedding in native format. +:END: + +When embedding LaTeX math snippets in ODT documents is not reliable, +there is one more option to try. Embed an equation by linking to its +MathML (=.mml=) source or its OpenDocument formula (=.odf=) file as +shown below: + +: [[./equation.mml]] + +#+texinfo: @noindent +or + +: [[./equation.odf]] + +*** Labels and captions in ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Rendering objects. +:END: + +ODT format handles labeling and captioning of objects based on their +types. Inline images, tables, LaTeX fragments, and Math formulas are +numbered and captioned separately. Each object also gets a unique +sequence number based on its order of first appearance in the Org +file. Each category has its own sequence. A caption is just a label +applied to these objects. + +#+begin_example +,#+CAPTION: Bell curve +,#+NAME: fig:SED-HR4049 +[[./img/a.png]] +#+end_example + +When rendered, it may show as follows in the exported document: + +: Figure 2: Bell curve + +#+vindex: org-odt-category-map-alist +To modify the category component of the caption, customize the option +~org-odt-category-map-alist~. For example, to tag embedded images +with the string "Illustration" instead of the default string "Figure", +use the following setting: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-odt-category-map-alist + '(("__Figure__" "Illustration" "value" "Figure" org-odt--enumerable-image-p))) +#+end_src + +With the above modification, the previous example changes to: + +: Illustration 2: Bell curve + +*** Literal examples in ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: For source code and example blocks. +:END: + +The ODT export back-end supports literal examples (see [[*Literal +Examples]]) with full fontification. Internally, the ODT export +back-end relies on =htmlfontify.el= to generate the style definitions +needed for fancy listings. The auto-generated styles get =OrgSrc= +prefix and inherit colors from the faces used by Emacs Font Lock +library for that source language. + +#+vindex: org-odt-fontify-srcblocks +For custom fontification styles, customize the +~org-odt-create-custom-styles-for-srcblocks~ option. + +#+vindex: org-odt-create-custom-styles-for-srcblocks +To turn off fontification of literal examples, customize the +~org-odt-fontify-srcblocks~ option. + +*** Advanced topics in ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: For power users. +:END: + +The ODT export back-end has extensive features useful for power users +and frequent uses of ODT formats. + +**** Configuring a document converter +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Registering a document converter. +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: convert +#+cindex: doc, docx, rtf +#+cindex: converter + +The ODT export back-end works with popular converters with little or +no extra configuration. See [[*Extending ODT export]]. The following is +for unsupported converters or tweaking existing defaults. + +- Register the converter :: + + #+vindex: org-export-odt-convert-processes + Add the name of the converter to the ~org-odt-convert-processes~ + variable. Note that it also requires how the converter is invoked + on the command line. See the variable's docstring for details. + +- Configure its capabilities :: + + #+vindex: org-export-odt-convert-capabilities + Specify which formats the converter can handle by customizing the + variable ~org-odt-convert-capabilities~. Use the entry for the + default values in this variable for configuring the new converter. + Also see its docstring for details. + +- Choose the converter :: + + #+vindex: org-export-odt-convert-process + Select the newly added converter as the preferred one by customizing + the option ~org-odt-convert-process~. + +**** Working with OpenDocument style files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exploring internals. +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: styles, custom +#+cindex: template, custom + +This section explores the internals of the ODT exporter; the means by which +it produces styled documents; the use of automatic and custom OpenDocument +styles. + +The ODT exporter relies on two files for generating its output. These +files are bundled with the distribution under the directory pointed to +by the variable ~org-odt-styles-dir~. The two files are: + +- =OrgOdtStyles.xml= <> :: + + This file contributes to the =styles.xml= file of the final ODT + document. This file gets modified for the following purposes: + + 1. To control outline numbering based on user settings; + + 2. To add styles generated by =htmlfontify.el= for fontification of + code blocks. + +- =OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml= <> :: + + This file contributes to the =content.xml= file of the final ODT + document. The contents of the Org outline are inserted between the + == ... == elements of this file. + + Apart from serving as a template file for the final =content.xml=, + the file serves the following purposes: + + 1. It contains automatic styles for formatting of tables which are + referenced by the exporter; + + 2. It contains == ... == + elements that control numbering of tables, images, equations, and + similar entities. + +<> The following two variables control +the location from where the ODT exporter picks up the custom styles +and content template files. Customize these variables to override the +factory styles used by the exporter. + +- ~org-odt-styles-file~ :: + + The ODT export back-end uses the file pointed to by this variable, + such as =styles.xml=, for the final output. It can take one of the + following values: + + - =FILE.xml= :: + + Use this file instead of the default =styles.xml= + + - =FILE.odt= or =FILE.ott= :: + + Use the =styles.xml= contained in the specified OpenDocument + Text or Template file + + - =FILE.odt= or =FILE.ott= and a subset of included files :: + + Use the =styles.xml= contained in the specified OpenDocument Text + or Template file. Additionally extract the specified member files + and embed those within the final ODT document. + + Use this option if the =styles.xml= file references additional + files like header and footer images. + + - ~nil~ :: + + Use the default =styles.xml=. + +- ~org-odt-content-template-file~ :: + + Use this variable to specify the blank =content.xml= used in the + final output. + +**** Creating one-off styles +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Customizing styles, highlighting... +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The ODT export back-end can read embedded raw OpenDocument XML from +the Org file. Such direct formatting is useful for one-off instances. + +- Embedding ODT tags as part of regular text :: + + Enclose OpenDocument syntax in =@@odt:...@@= for inline markup. For + example, to highlight a region of text do the following: + + #+begin_example + @@odt:This is highlighted + text@@. But this is regular text. + #+end_example + + *Hint:* To see the above example in action, edit the =styles.xml= + (see [[x-orgodtstyles-xml][Factory styles]]) and add a custom /Highlight/ style as shown + below: + + #+begin_example + + + + #+end_example + +- Embedding a one-line OpenDocument XML :: + + #+cindex: @samp{ODT}, keyword + The ODT export back-end can read one-liner options with =#+ODT:= in + the Org file. For example, to force a page break: + + #+begin_example + ,#+ODT: + #+end_example + + *Hint:* To see the above example in action, edit your + =styles.xml= (see [[x-orgodtstyles-xml][Factory styles]]) and add a custom =PageBreak= + style as shown below. + + #+begin_example + + + + #+end_example + +- Embedding a block of OpenDocument XML :: + + The ODT export back-end can also read ODT export blocks for + OpenDocument XML. Such blocks use the =#+BEGIN_EXPORT odt= + ... =#+END_EXPORT= constructs. + + For example, to create a one-off paragraph that uses bold text, do + the following: + + #+begin_example + ,#+BEGIN_EXPORT odt + + This paragraph is specially formatted and uses bold text. + + ,#+END_EXPORT + #+end_example + +**** Customizing tables in ODT export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Defining table templates. +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+cindex: tables, in ODT export +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_ODT}, keyword + +Override the default table format by specifying a custom table style +with the =#+ATTR_ODT= line. For a discussion on default formatting of +tables, see [[*Tables in ODT export]]. + +This feature closely mimics the way table templates are defined in the +OpenDocument-v1.2 specification[fn:138]. + +#+vindex: org-odt-table-styles +For quick preview of this feature, install the settings below and export the +table that follows: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-export-odt-table-styles + (append org-export-odt-table-styles + '(("TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" "Custom" + ((use-first-row-styles . t) + (use-first-column-styles . t))) + ("TableWithFirstRowandLastRow" "Custom" + ((use-first-row-styles . t) + (use-last-row-styles . t)))))) +#+end_src + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_ODT: :style TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn +| Name | Phone | Age | +| Peter | 1234 | 17 | +| Anna | 4321 | 25 | +#+end_example + +The example above used =Custom= template and installed two table +styles =TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn= and +=TableWithFirstRowandLastRow=. *Important:* The OpenDocument styles +needed for producing the above template were pre-defined. They are +available in the section marked =Custom Table Template= in +=OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml= (see [[x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml][Factory styles]]). For adding new +templates, define new styles there. + +To use this feature proceed as follows: + +1. Create a table template[fn:139]. + + A table template is set of =table-cell= and =paragraph= styles for + each of the following table cell categories: + + - Body + - First column + - Last column + - First row + - Last row + - Even row + - Odd row + - Even column + - Odd Column + + The names for the above styles must be chosen based on the name of + the table template using a well-defined convention. + + The naming convention is better illustrated with an example. For + a table template with the name =Custom=, the needed style names are + listed in the following table. + + | Cell type | Cell style | Paragraph style | + |--------------+------------------------------+-----------------------------------| + | Body | =CustomTableCell= | =CustomTableParagraph= | + | First column | =CustomFirstColumnTableCell= | =CustomFirstColumnTableParagraph= | + | Last column | =CustomLastColumnTableCell= | =CustomLastColumnTableParagraph= | + | First row | =CustomFirstRowTableCell= | =CustomFirstRowTableParagraph= | + | Last row | =CustomLastRowTableCell= | =CustomLastRowTableParagraph= | + | Even row | =CustomEvenRowTableCell= | =CustomEvenRowTableParagraph= | + | Odd row | =CustomOddRowTableCell= | =CustomOddRowTableParagraph= | + | Even column | =CustomEvenColumnTableCell= | =CustomEvenColumnTableParagraph= | + | Odd column | =CustomOddColumnTableCell= | =CustomOddColumnTableParagraph= | + + To create a table template with the name =Custom=, define the above + styles in the == ... + == element of the content template file + (see [[x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml][Factory styles]]). + +2. Define a table style[fn:140]. + + #+vindex: org-odt-table-styles + To define a table style, create an entry for the style in the + variable ~org-odt-table-styles~ and specify the following: + + - the name of the table template created in step (1), + - the set of cell styles in that template that are to be activated. + + For example, the entry below defines two different table styles + =TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn= and =TableWithFirstRowandLastRow= + based on the same template =Custom=. The styles achieve their + intended effect by selectively activating the individual cell + styles in that template. + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (setq org-export-odt-table-styles + (append org-export-odt-table-styles + '(("TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" "Custom" + ((use-first-row-styles . t) + (use-first-column-styles . t))) + ("TableWithFirstRowandLastRow" "Custom" + ((use-first-row-styles . t) + (use-last-row-styles . t)))))) + #+end_src + +3. Associate a table with the table style. + + To do this, specify the table style created in step (2) as part of + the =ATTR_ODT= line as shown below. + + #+begin_example + ,#+ATTR_ODT: :style TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn + | Name | Phone | Age | + | Peter | 1234 | 17 | + | Anna | 4321 | 25 | + #+end_example + +**** Validating OpenDocument XML +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Debugging corrupted OpenDocument files. +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Sometimes ODT format files may not open due to =.odt= file corruption. +To verify if such a file is corrupt, validate it against the +OpenDocument Relax NG Compact (RNC) syntax schema. But first the +=.odt= files have to be decompressed using =zip=. Note that =.odt= +files are ZIP archives: [[info:emacs::File Archives]]. The contents of +ODT files are in XML. For general help with validation---and +schema-sensitive editing---of XML files: [[info:nxml-mode::Introduction]]. + +#+vindex: org-export-odt-schema-dir +Customize ~org-odt-schema-dir~ to point to a directory with +OpenDocument RNC files and the needed schema-locating rules. The ODT +export back-end takes care of updating the +~rng-schema-locating-files~. + +** Org Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to Org. +:END: + +#+cindex: Org export +/org/ export back-end creates a normalized version of the Org document +in current buffer. The exporter evaluates Babel code (see [[*Evaluating +Code Blocks]]) and removes content specific to other back-ends. + +*** Org export commands +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e O o)}}} (~org-org-export-to-org~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e O o + #+findex: org-org-export-to-org + Export as an Org file with a =.org= extension. For =myfile.org=, + Org exports to =myfile.org.org=, overwriting without warning. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e O v)}}} (~~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e O v + Export to an Org file, then open it. + +** Texinfo Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to Texinfo. +:END: + +*** Texinfo export commands +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Invoking commands. +:END: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e i t)}}} (~org-texinfo-export-to-texinfo~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e i t + #+findex: org-texinfo-export-to-texinfo + Export as a Texinfo file with =.texi= extension. For =myfile.org=, + Org exports to =myfile.texi=, overwriting without warning. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e i i)}}} (~org-texinfo-export-to-info~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e i i + #+findex: org-texinfo-export-to-info + #+vindex: org-texinfo-info-process + Export to Texinfo format first and then process it to make an Info + file. To generate other formats, such as DocBook, customize the + ~org-texinfo-info-process~ variable. + +*** Texinfo specific export settings +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Setting the environment. +:END: + +The Texinfo export back-end has several additional keywords for +customizing Texinfo output. Setting these keywords works similar to +the general options (see [[*Export Settings]]). + +- =SUBTITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword + The document subtitle. + +- =SUBAUTHOR= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SUBAUTHOR}, keyword + Additional authors for the document. + +- =TEXINFO_FILENAME= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_FILENAME}, keyword + The Texinfo filename. + +- =TEXINFO_CLASS= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS}, keyword + #+vindex: org-texinfo-default-class + The default document class (~org-texinfo-default-class~), which must + be a member of ~org-texinfo-classes~. + +- =TEXINFO_HEADER= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_HEADER}, keyword + Arbitrary lines inserted at the end of the header. + +- =TEXINFO_POST_HEADER= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_POST_HEADER}, keyword + Arbitrary lines inserted after the end of the header. + +- =TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY}, keyword + The directory category of the document. + +- =TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE}, keyword + The directory title of the document. + +- =TEXINFO_DIR_DESC= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_DESC}, keyword + The directory description of the document. + +- =TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE}, keyword + The printed title of the document. + +*** Texinfo file header +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Generating the header. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_FILENAME}, keyword +After creating the header for a Texinfo file, the Texinfo back-end +automatically generates a name and destination path for the Info file. +To override this default with a more sensible path and name, specify +the =TEXINFO_FILENAME= keyword. + +#+vindex: org-texinfo-coding-system +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_HEADER}, keyword +Along with the output's file name, the Texinfo header also contains +language details (see [[*Export Settings]]) and encoding system as set in +the ~org-texinfo-coding-system~ variable. Insert =TEXINFO_HEADER= +keywords for each additional command in the header, for example: + +: #+TEXINFO_HEADER: @synindex + +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS}, keyword +#+vindex: org-texinfo-classes +Instead of repeatedly installing the same set of commands, define +a class in ~org-texinfo-classes~ once, and then activate it in the +document by setting the =TEXINFO_CLASS= keyword to that class. + +*** Texinfo title and copyright page +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Creating preamble pages. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE}, keyword +The default template for hard copy output has a title page with +=TITLE= and =AUTHOR= keywords (see [[*Export Settings]]). To replace the +regular title with something different for the printed version, use +the =TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE= and =SUBTITLE= keywords. Both expect raw +Texinfo code for setting their values. + +#+cindex: @samp{SUBAUTHOR}, keyword +If one =AUTHOR= line is not sufficient, add multiple =SUBAUTHOR= +keywords. They have to be set in raw Texinfo code. + +#+begin_example +,#+AUTHOR: Jane Smith +,#+SUBAUTHOR: John Doe +,#+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE: This Long Title@@inlinefmt{tex,@*} Is Broken in @TeX{} +#+end_example + +#+cindex: @samp{COPYING}, property +Copying material is defined in a dedicated headline with a non-~nil~ +=COPYING= property. The back-end inserts the contents within +a =@copying= command at the beginning of the document. The heading +itself does not appear in the structure of the document. + +Copyright information is printed on the back of the title page. + +#+begin_example +,* Legalese + :PROPERTIES: + :COPYING: t + :END: + + This is a short example of a complete Texinfo file, version 1.0. + + Copyright \copy 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +#+end_example + +*** Info directory file +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Installing a manual in Info file hierarchy. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{dir} file, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: Info directory file, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: @code{install-info}, in Texinfo export + +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_DESC}, keyword +The end result of the Texinfo export process is the creation of an +Info file. This Info file's metadata has variables for category, +title, and description: =TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY=, =TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE=, +and =TEXINFO_DIR_DESC= keywords that establish where in the Info +hierarchy the file fits. + +Here is an example that writes to the Info directory file: + +#+begin_example +,#+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY: Emacs +,#+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE: Org Mode: (org) +,#+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC: Outline-based notes management and organizer +#+end_example + +*** Headings and sectioning structure +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Building document structure. +:END: + +#+vindex: org-texinfo-classes +#+vindex: org-texinfo-default-class +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS}, keyword +The Texinfo export back-end uses a pre-defined scheme to convert Org +headlines to equivalent Texinfo structuring commands. A scheme like +this maps top-level headlines to numbered chapters tagged as +~@chapter~ and lower-level headlines to unnumbered chapters tagged as +~@unnumbered~. To override such mappings to introduce ~@part~ or +other Texinfo structuring commands, define a new class in +~org-texinfo-classes~. Activate the new class with the +=TEXINFO_CLASS= keyword. When no new class is defined and activated, +the Texinfo export back-end defaults to the +~org-texinfo-default-class~. + +If an Org headline's level has no associated Texinfo structuring +command, or is below a certain threshold (see [[*Export Settings]]), then +the Texinfo export back-end makes it into a list item. + +#+cindex: @samp{APPENDIX}, property +The Texinfo export back-end makes any headline with a non-~nil~ +=APPENDIX= property into an appendix. This happens independent of the +Org headline level or the =TEXINFO_CLASS= keyword. + +#+cindex: @samp{ALT_TITLE}, property +#+cindex: @samp{DESCRIPTION}, property +The Texinfo export back-end creates a menu entry after the Org +headline for each regular sectioning structure. To override this with +a shorter menu entry, use the =ALT_TITLE= property (see [[*Table of +Contents]]). Texinfo menu entries also have an option for a longer +=DESCRIPTION= property. Here's an example that uses both to override +the default menu entry: + +#+begin_example +,* Controlling Screen Display + :PROPERTIES: + :ALT_TITLE: Display + :DESCRIPTION: Controlling Screen Display + :END: +#+end_example + +#+cindex: Top node, in Texinfo export +The text before the first headline belongs to the /Top/ node, i.e., +the node in which a reader enters an Info manual. As such, it is +expected not to appear in printed output generated from the =.texi= +file. See [[info:texinfo::The Top Node]], for more information. + +*** Indices +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Creating indices. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{CINDEX}, keyword +#+cindex: concept index, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: @samp{FINDEX}, keyword +#+cindex: function index, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: @samp{KINDEX}, keyword +#+cindex: keystroke index, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: @samp{PINDEX}, keyword +#+cindex: program index, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: @samp{TINDEX}, keyword +#+cindex: data type index, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: @samp{VINDEX}, keyword +#+cindex: variable index, in Texinfo export +The Texinfo export back-end recognizes these indexing keywords if used +in the Org file: =CINDEX=, =FINDEX=, =KINDEX=, =PINDEX=, =TINDEX= and +=VINDEX=. Write their value as verbatim Texinfo code; in particular, +={=, =}= and =@= characters need to be escaped with =@= if they do not +belong to a Texinfo command. + +: #+CINDEX: Defining indexing entries + +#+cindex: @samp{INDEX}, property +For the back-end to generate an index entry for a headline, set the +=INDEX= property to =cp= or =vr=. These abbreviations come from +Texinfo that stand for concept index and variable index. The Texinfo +manual has abbreviations for all other kinds of indexes. The back-end +exports the headline as an unnumbered chapter or section command, and +then inserts the index after its contents. + +#+begin_example +,* Concept Index + :PROPERTIES: + :INDEX: cp + :END: +#+end_example + +*** Quoting Texinfo code +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Incorporating literal Texinfo code. +:END: + +Use any of the following three methods to insert or escape raw Texinfo +code: + +#+cindex: @samp{TEXINFO}, keyword +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT texinfo} +#+begin_example +Richard @@texinfo:@sc{@@Stallman@@texinfo:}@@ commence' GNU. + +,#+TEXINFO: @need800 +This paragraph is preceded by... + +,#+BEGIN_EXPORT texinfo + @auindex Johnson, Mark + @auindex Lakoff, George +,#+END_EXPORT +#+end_example + +*** Plain lists in Texinfo export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: List attributes. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword +#+cindex: two-column tables, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: table-type, Texinfo attribute +The Texinfo export back-end by default converts description lists in +the Org file using the default command =@table=, which results in +a table with two columns. To change this behavior, set =:table-type= +attribute to either =ftable= or =vtable= value. For more information, +see [[info:texinfo::Two-column Tables]]. + +#+vindex: org-texinfo-table-default-markup +#+cindex: indic, Texinfo attribute +The Texinfo export back-end by default also applies a text highlight +based on the defaults stored in ~org-texinfo-table-default-markup~. +To override the default highlight command, specify another one with +the =:indic= attribute. + +#+cindex: multiple items in Texinfo lists +#+cindex: sep, Texinfo attribute +Org syntax is limited to one entry per list item. Nevertheless, the +Texinfo export back-end can split that entry according to any text +provided through the =:sep= attribute. Each part then becomes a new +entry in the first column of the table. + +The following example illustrates all the attributes above: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :table-type vtable :sep , :indic asis +- foo, bar :: This is the common text for variables foo and bar. +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +becomes + +#+begin_example +@vtable @asis +@item foo +@itemx bar +This is the common text for variables foo and bar. +@end table +#+end_example + +#+cindex: lettered lists, in Texinfo export +#+cindex: enum, Texinfo attribute +Ordered lists are numbered when exported to Texinfo format. Such +numbering obeys any counter (see [[*Plain Lists]]) in the first item of +the list. The =:enum= attribute also let you start the list at +a specific number, or switch to a lettered list, as illustrated here + +#+begin_example +#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :enum A +1. Alpha +2. Bravo +3. Charlie +#+end_example + +*** Tables in Texinfo export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Table attributes. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword +When exporting tables, the Texinfo export back-end uses the widest +cell width in each column. To override this and instead specify as +fractions of line length, use the =:columns= attribute. See example +below. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :columns .5 .5 +| a cell | another cell | +#+end_example + +*** Images in Texinfo export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Image attributes. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword +Insert a file link to the image in the Org file, and the Texinfo +export back-end inserts the image. These links must have the usual +supported image extensions and no descriptions. To scale the image, +use =:width= and =:height= attributes. For alternate text, use =:alt= +and specify the text using Texinfo code, as shown in the example: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :width 1in :alt Alternate @i{text} +[[ridt.pdf]] +#+end_example + +*** Quotations in Texinfo export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Quote block attributes. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword +You can write the text of a quotation within a quote block (see +[[*Paragraphs]]). You may also emphasize some text at the beginning of +the quotation with the =:tag= attribute. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :tag Warning +,#+BEGIN_QUOTE +Striking your thumb with a hammer may cause severe pain and discomfort. +,#+END_QUOTE +#+end_example + +To specify the author of the quotation, use the =:author= attribute. + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :author King Arthur +,#+BEGIN_QUOTE +The Lady of the Lake, her arm clad in the purest shimmering samite, +held aloft Excalibur from the bosom of the water, signifying by divine +providence that I, Arthur, was to carry Excalibur. That is why I am +your king. +,#+END_QUOTE +#+end_example + +*** Special blocks in Texinfo export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Special block attributes. +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword + +The Texinfo export back-end converts special blocks to commands with +the same name. It also adds any =:options= attributes to the end of +the command, as shown in this example: + +#+begin_example +,#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :options org-org-export-to-org ... +,#+BEGIN_defun + A somewhat obsessive function name. +,#+END_defun +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +becomes + +#+begin_example +@defun org-org-export-to-org ... + A somewhat obsessive function name. +@end defun +#+end_example + +*** A Texinfo example +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Processing Org to Texinfo. +:END: + +Here is a more detailed example Org file. See +[[info:texinfo::GNU Sample Texts]] for an equivalent example using +Texinfo code. + +#+begin_example +,#+TITLE: GNU Sample {{{version}}} +,#+SUBTITLE: for version {{{version}}}, {{{updated}}} +,#+AUTHOR: A.U. Thor +,#+EMAIL: bug-sample@gnu.org + +,#+OPTIONS: ':t toc:t author:t email:t +,#+LANGUAGE: en + +,#+MACRO: version 2.0 +,#+MACRO: updated last updated 4 March 2014 + +,#+TEXINFO_FILENAME: sample.info +,#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @syncodeindex pg cp + +,#+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY: Texinfo documentation system +,#+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE: sample: (sample) +,#+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC: Invoking sample + +,#+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE: GNU Sample + +This manual is for GNU Sample (version {{{version}}}, +{{{updated}}}). + +,* Copying + :PROPERTIES: + :COPYING: t + :END: + + This manual is for GNU Sample (version {{{version}}}, + {{{updated}}}), which is an example in the Texinfo documentation. + + Copyright \copy 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + ,#+BEGIN_QUOTE + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, + and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in + the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". + ,#+END_QUOTE + +,* Invoking sample + + ,#+PINDEX: sample + ,#+CINDEX: invoking @command{sample} + + This is a sample manual. There is no sample program to invoke, but + if there were, you could see its basic usage and command line + options here. + +,* GNU Free Documentation License + :PROPERTIES: + :APPENDIX: t + :END: + + ,#+INCLUDE: fdl.org + +,* Index + :PROPERTIES: + :INDEX: cp + :END: +#+end_example + +** iCalendar Export +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to iCalendar. +:END: +#+cindex: iCalendar export + +A large part of Org mode's interoperability success is its ability to +easily export to or import from external applications. The iCalendar +export back-end takes calendar data from Org files and exports to the +standard iCalendar format. + +#+vindex: org-icalendar-include-todo +#+vindex: org-icalendar-use-deadline +#+vindex: org-icalendar-use-scheduled +The iCalendar export back-end can also incorporate TODO entries based +on the configuration of the ~org-icalendar-include-todo~ variable. +The back-end exports plain timestamps as =VEVENT=, TODO items as +=VTODO=, and also create events from deadlines that are in non-TODO +items. The back-end uses the deadlines and scheduling dates in Org +TODO items for setting the start and due dates for the iCalendar TODO +entry. Consult the ~org-icalendar-use-deadline~ and +~org-icalendar-use-scheduled~ variables for more details. + +#+vindex: org-icalendar-categories +#+vindex: org-icalendar-alarm-time +For tags on the headline, the iCalendar export back-end makes them +into iCalendar categories. To tweak the inheritance of tags and TODO +states, configure the variable ~org-icalendar-categories~. To assign +clock alarms based on time, configure the ~org-icalendar-alarm-time~ +variable. + +#+vindex: org-icalendar-store-UID +#+cindex: @samp{ID}, property +The iCalendar format standard requires globally unique identifier---or +UID---for each entry. The iCalendar export back-end creates UIDs +during export. To save a copy of the UID in the Org file set the +variable ~org-icalendar-store-UID~. The back-end looks for the =ID= +property of the entry for re-using the same UID for subsequent +exports. + +Since a single Org entry can result in multiple iCalendar +entries---timestamp, deadline, scheduled item, or TODO item---Org adds +prefixes to the UID, depending on which part of the Org entry +triggered the creation of the iCalendar entry. Prefixing ensures UIDs +remains unique, yet enable synchronization programs trace the +connections. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e c f)}}} (~org-icalendar-export-to-ics~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e c f + #+findex: org-icalendar-export-to-ics + Create iCalendar entries from the current Org buffer and store them + in the same directory, using a file extension =.ics=. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e c a)}}} (~org-icalendar-export-agenda-files~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e c a + #+findex: org-icalendar-export-agenda-files + Create iCalendar entries from Org files in ~org-agenda-files~ and + store in a separate iCalendar file for each Org file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e c c)}}} (~org-icalendar-combine-agenda-files~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e c c + #+findex: org-icalendar-combine-agenda-files + #+vindex: org-icalendar-combined-agenda-file + Create a combined iCalendar file from Org files in + ~org-agenda-files~ and write it to + ~org-icalendar-combined-agenda-file~ file name. + +#+cindex: @samp{SUMMARY}, property +#+cindex: @samp{DESCRIPTION}, property +#+cindex: @samp{LOCATION}, property +#+cindex: @samp{TIMEZONE}, property +#+cindex: @samp{CLASS}, property +The iCalendar export back-end includes =SUMMARY=, =DESCRIPTION=, +=LOCATION=, =TIMEZONE= and =CLASS= properties from the Org entries +when exporting. To force the back-end to inherit the =LOCATION=, +=TIMEZONE= and =CLASS= properties, configure the +~org-use-property-inheritance~ variable. + +#+vindex: org-icalendar-include-body +When Org entries do not have =SUMMARY=, =DESCRIPTION=, =LOCATION= and +=CLASS= properties, the iCalendar export back-end derives the summary +from the headline, and derives the description from the body of the +Org item. The ~org-icalendar-include-body~ variable limits the +maximum number of characters of the content are turned into its +description. + +The =TIMEZONE= property can be used to specify a per-entry time zone, +and is applied to any entry with timestamp information. Time zones +should be specified as per the IANA time zone database format, e.g., +=Asia/Almaty=. Alternately, the property value can be =UTC=, to force +UTC time for this entry only. + +The =CLASS= property can be used to specify a per-entry visibility +class or access restrictions, and is applied to any entry with class +information. The iCalendar standard defines three visibility classes: +- =PUBLIC= :: The entry is publicly visible (this is the default). +- =CONFIDENTIAL= :: Only a limited group of clients get access to the + event. +- =PRIVATE= :: The entry can be retrieved only by its owner. +The server should treat unknown class properties the same as +=PRIVATE=. + +Exporting to iCalendar format depends in large part on the +capabilities of the destination application. Some are more lenient +than others. Consult the Org mode FAQ for advice on specific +applications. + +** Other Built-in Back-ends +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting to a man page. +:END: + +Other export back-ends included with Org are: + +- =ox-man.el=: Export to a man page. + +To activate such back-ends, either customize ~org-export-backends~ or +load directly with =(require 'ox-man)=. On successful load, the +back-end adds new keys in the export dispatcher (see [[*The Export +Dispatcher]]). + +Follow the comment section of such files, for example, =ox-man.el=, +for usage and configuration details. + +** Advanced Export Configuration +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Fine-tuning the export output. +:END: + +*** Export hooks +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+vindex: org-export-before-processing-hook +#+vindex: org-export-before-parsing-hook +The export process executes two hooks before the actual exporting +begins. The first hook, ~org-export-before-processing-hook~, runs +before any expansions of macros, Babel code, and include keywords in +the buffer. The second hook, ~org-export-before-parsing-hook~, runs +before the buffer is parsed. + +Functions added to these hooks are called with a single argument: the +export back-end actually used, as a symbol. You may use them for +heavy duty structural modifications of the document. For example, you +can remove every headline in the buffer during export like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun my-headline-removal (backend) + "Remove all headlines in the current buffer. +BACKEND is the export back-end being used, as a symbol." + (org-map-entries + (lambda () (delete-region (point) (line-beginning-position 2))))) + +(add-hook 'org-export-before-parsing-hook #'my-headline-removal) +#+end_src + +*** Filters +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: Filters, exporting +Filters are lists of functions to be applied to certain parts for +a given back-end. The output from the first function in the filter is +passed on to the next function in the filter. The final output is the +output from the final function in the filter. + +The Org export process has many filter sets applicable to different +types of objects, plain text, parse trees, export options, and final +output formats. The filters are named after the element type or +object type: ~org-export-filter-TYPE-functions~, where {{{var(TYPE)}}} +is the type targeted by the filter. Valid types are: + +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.33 0.33 0.33 +| body | bold | babel-call | +| center-block | clock | code | +| diary-sexp | drawer | dynamic-block | +| entity | example-block | export-block | +| export-snippet | final-output | fixed-width | +| footnote-definition | footnote-reference | headline | +| horizontal-rule | inline-babel-call | inline-src-block | +| inlinetask | italic | item | +| keyword | latex-environment | latex-fragment | +| line-break | link | node-property | +| options | paragraph | parse-tree | +| plain-list | plain-text | planning | +| property-drawer | quote-block | radio-target | +| section | special-block | src-block | +| statistics-cookie | strike-through | subscript | +| superscript | table | table-cell | +| table-row | target | timestamp | +| underline | verbatim | verse-block | + +Here is an example filter that replaces non-breaking spaces ~ ~ in the +Org buffer with =~= for the LaTeX back-end. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun my-latex-filter-nobreaks (text backend info) + "Ensure \" \" are properly handled in LaTeX export." + (when (org-export-derived-backend-p backend 'latex) + (replace-regexp-in-string " " "~" text))) + +(add-to-list 'org-export-filter-plain-text-functions + 'my-latex-filter-nobreaks) +#+end_src + +A filter requires three arguments: the code to be transformed, the +name of the back-end, and some optional information about the export +process. The third argument can be safely ignored. Note the use of +~org-export-derived-backend-p~ predicate that tests for /latex/ +back-end or any other back-end, such as /beamer/, derived from +/latex/. + +*** Defining filters for individual files +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +The Org export can filter not just for back-ends, but also for +specific files through the =BIND= keyword. Here is an example with +two filters; one removes brackets from time stamps, and the other +removes strike-through text. The filter functions are defined in +a code block in the same Org file, which is a handy location for +debugging. + +#+begin_example +,#+BIND: org-export-filter-timestamp-functions (tmp-f-timestamp) +,#+BIND: org-export-filter-strike-through-functions (tmp-f-strike-through) +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports results :results none + (defun tmp-f-timestamp (s backend info) + (replace-regexp-in-string "&[lg]t;\\|[][]" "" s)) + (defun tmp-f-strike-through (s backend info) "") +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +*** Extending an existing back-end +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Some parts of the conversion process can be extended for certain +elements so as to introduce a new or revised translation. That is how +the HTML export back-end was extended to handle Markdown format. The +extensions work seamlessly so any aspect of filtering not done by the +extended back-end is handled by the original back-end. Of all the +export customization in Org, extending is very powerful as it operates +at the parser level. + +For this example, make the /ascii/ back-end display the language used +in a source code block. Also make it display only when some attribute +is non-~nil~, like the following: + +: #+ATTR_ASCII: :language t + +Then extend ASCII back-end with a custom "my-ascii" back-end. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun my-ascii-src-block (src-block contents info) + "Transcode a SRC-BLOCK element from Org to ASCII. +CONTENTS is nil. INFO is a plist used as a communication +channel." + (if (not (org-export-read-attribute :attr_ascii src-block :language)) + (org-export-with-backend 'ascii src-block contents info) + (concat + (format ",--[ %s ]--\n%s`----" + (org-element-property :language src-block) + (replace-regexp-in-string + "^" "| " + (org-element-normalize-string + (org-export-format-code-default src-block info))))))) + +(org-export-define-derived-backend 'my-ascii 'ascii + :translate-alist '((src-block . my-ascii-src-block))) +#+end_src + +The ~my-ascii-src-block~ function looks at the attribute above the +current element. If not true, hands over to /ascii/ back-end. If +true, which it is in this example, it creates a box around the code +and leaves room for the inserting a string for language. The last +form creates the new back-end that springs to action only when +translating ~src-block~ type elements. + +To use the newly defined back-end, evaluate the following from an Org +buffer: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(org-export-to-buffer 'my-ascii "*Org MY-ASCII Export*") +#+end_src + +Further steps to consider would be an interactive function, +self-installing an item in the export dispatcher menu, and other +user-friendly improvements. + +** Export in Foreign Buffers +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Author tables and lists in Org syntax. +:END: + +The export back-ends in Org often include commands to convert selected +regions. A convenient feature of this in-place conversion is that the +exported output replaces the original source. Here are such +functions: + +- ~org-ascii-convert-region-to-ascii~ :: + + #+findex: org-ascii-convert-region-to-ascii + Convert the selected region into ASCII. + +- ~org-ascii-convert-region-to-utf8~ :: + + #+findex: org-ascii-convert-region-to-utf8 + Convert the selected region into UTF-8. + +- ~org-html-convert-region-to-html~ :: + + #+findex: org-html-convert-region-to-html + Convert the selected region into HTML. + +- ~org-latex-convert-region-to-latex~ :: + + #+findex: org-latex-convert-region-to-latex + Convert the selected region into LaTeX. + +- ~org-texinfo-convert-region-to-texinfo~ :: + + #+findex: org-texinfo-convert-region-to-texinfo + Convert the selected region into Texinfo. + +- ~org-md-convert-region-to-md~ :: + + #+findex: org-md-convert-region-to-md + Convert the selected region into Markdown. + +In-place conversions are particularly handy for quick conversion of +tables and lists in foreign buffers. For example, in an HTML buffer, +write a list in Org syntax, select it, and convert it to HTML with +{{{kbd(M-x org-html-convert-region-to-html)}}}. + +*** Exporting to minimal HTML +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Exporting HTML without CSS, Javascript, etc. +:ALT_TITLE: Bare HTML +:END: + +If you want to output a minimal HTML file, with no CSS, no Javascript, +no preamble or postamble, here are the variable you would need to set: + +#+vindex: org-html-head +#+vindex: org-html-head-extra +#+vindex: org-html-head-include-default-style +#+vindex: org-html-head-include-scripts +#+vindex: org-html-preamble +#+vindex: org-html-postamble +#+vindex: org-html-use-infojs +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-html-head "" + org-html-head-extra "" + org-html-head-include-default-style nil + org-html-head-include-scripts nil + org-html-preamble nil + org-html-postamble nil + org-html-use-infojs nil) +#+end_src + +* Publishing +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Create a web site of linked Org files. +:END: +#+cindex: publishing + +Org includes a publishing management system that allows you to +configure automatic HTML conversion of /projects/ composed of +interlinked Org files. You can also configure Org to automatically +upload your exported HTML pages and related attachments, such as +images and source code files, to a web server. + +You can also use Org to convert files into PDF, or even combine HTML +and PDF conversion so that files are available in both formats on the +server. + +Publishing has been contributed to Org by David O'Toole. + +** Configuration +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Defining projects. +:END: +Publishing needs significant configuration to specify files, +destination and many other properties of a project. + +*** The variable ~org-publish-project-alist~ +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: The central configuration variable. +:ALT_TITLE: Project alist +:END: +#+cindex: projects, for publishing + +#+vindex: org-publish-project-alist +Publishing is configured almost entirely through setting the value of +one variable, called ~org-publish-project-alist~. Each element of the +list configures one project, and may be in one of the two following +forms: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +("project-name" :property value :property value ...) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +i.e., a well-formed property list with alternating keys and values, +or: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +("project-name" :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...)) +#+end_src + +In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values. +A project defines the set of files that are to be published, as well +as the publishing configuration to use when publishing those files. +When a project takes the second form listed above, the individual +members of the ~:components~ property are taken to be sub-projects, +which group together files requiring different publishing options. +When you publish such a "meta-project", all the components are also +published, in the sequence given. + +*** Sources and destinations for files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: From here to there. +:ALT_TITLE: Sources and destinations +:END: +#+cindex: directories, for publishing + +Most properties are optional, but some should always be set. In +particular, Org needs to know where to look for source files, and +where to put published files. + +- ~:base-directory~ :: + + Directory containing publishing source files. + +- ~:publishing-directory~ :: + + Directory where output files are published. You can directly + publish to a webserver using a file name syntax appropriate for the + Emacs tramp package. Or you can publish to a local directory and + use external tools to upload your website (see [[*Uploading Files]]). + +- ~:preparation-function~ :: + + Function or list of functions to be called before starting the + publishing process, for example, to run =make= for updating files to + be published. Each preparation function is called with a single + argument, the project property list. + +- ~:completion-function~ :: + + Function or list of functions called after finishing the publishing + process, for example, to change permissions of the resulting files. + Each completion function is called with a single argument, the + project property list. + +*** Selecting files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: What files are part of the project? +:END: +#+cindex: files, selecting for publishing + +By default, all files with extension =.org= in the base directory are +considered part of the project. This can be modified by setting the +following properties + +- ~:base-extension~ :: + + Extension---without the dot---of source files. This actually is + a regular expression. Set this to the symbol ~any~ if you want to + get all files in ~:base-directory~, even without extension. + +- ~:exclude~ :: + + Regular expression to match file names that should not be published, + even though they have been selected on the basis of their extension. + +- ~:include~ :: + + List of files to be included regardless of ~:base-extension~ and + ~:exclude~. + +- ~:recursive~ :: + + Non-~nil~ means, check base-directory recursively for files to + publish. + +*** Publishing action +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Setting the function doing the publishing. +:END: +#+cindex: action, for publishing + +Publishing means that a file is copied to the destination directory +and possibly transformed in the process. The default transformation +is to export Org files as HTML files, and this is done by the function +~org-html-publish-to-html~ which calls the HTML exporter (see [[*HTML +Export]]). But you can also publish your content as PDF files using +~org-latex-publish-to-pdf~, or as ASCII, Texinfo, etc., using the +corresponding functions. + +If you want to publish the Org file as an =.org= file but with +/archived/, /commented/, and /tag-excluded/ trees removed, use +~org-org-publish-to-org~. This produces =file.org= and puts it in the +publishing directory. If you want a htmlized version of this file, +set the parameter ~:htmlized-source~ to ~t~. It produces +=file.org.html= in the publishing directory[fn:141]. + +Other files like images only need to be copied to the publishing +destination; for this you can use ~org-publish-attachment~. For +non-Org files, you always need to specify the publishing function: + +- ~:publishing-function~ :: + + Function executing the publication of a file. This may also be + a list of functions, which are all called in turn. + +- ~:htmlized-source~ :: + + Non-~nil~ means, publish htmlized source. + +The function must accept three arguments: a property list containing +at least a ~:publishing-directory~ property, the name of the file to +be published, and the path to the publishing directory of the output +file. It should take the specified file, make the necessary +transformation, if any, and place the result into the destination +folder. + +*** Options for the exporters +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tweaking HTML/@LaTeX{} export. +:ALT_TITLE: Publishing options +:END: +#+cindex: options, for publishing +#+cindex: publishing options + +The property list can be used to set many export options for the HTML +and LaTeX exporters. In most cases, these properties correspond to +user variables in Org. The table below lists these properties along +with the variable they belong to. See the documentation string for +the respective variable for details. + +#+vindex: org-publish-project-alist +When a property is given a value in ~org-publish-project-alist~, its +setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable, if +any, during publishing. Options set within a file (see [[*Export +Settings]]), however, override everything. + +**** Generic properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +| ~:archived-trees~ | ~org-export-with-archived-trees~ | +| ~:exclude-tags~ | ~org-export-exclude-tags~ | +| ~:headline-levels~ | ~org-export-headline-levels~ | +| ~:language~ | ~org-export-default-language~ | +| ~:preserve-breaks~ | ~org-export-preserve-breaks~ | +| ~:section-numbers~ | ~org-export-with-section-numbers~ | +| ~:select-tags~ | ~org-export-select-tags~ | +| ~:with-author~ | ~org-export-with-author~ | +| ~:with-broken-links~ | ~org-export-with-broken-links~ | +| ~:with-clocks~ | ~org-export-with-clocks~ | +| ~:with-creator~ | ~org-export-with-creator~ | +| ~:with-date~ | ~org-export-with-date~ | +| ~:with-drawers~ | ~org-export-with-drawers~ | +| ~:with-email~ | ~org-export-with-email~ | +| ~:with-emphasize~ | ~org-export-with-emphasize~ | +| ~:with-fixed-width~ | ~org-export-with-fixed-width~ | +| ~:with-footnotes~ | ~org-export-with-footnotes~ | +| ~:with-latex~ | ~org-export-with-latex~ | +| ~:with-planning~ | ~org-export-with-planning~ | +| ~:with-priority~ | ~org-export-with-priority~ | +| ~:with-properties~ | ~org-export-with-properties~ | +| ~:with-special-strings~ | ~org-export-with-special-strings~ | +| ~:with-sub-superscript~ | ~org-export-with-sub-superscripts~ | +| ~:with-tables~ | ~org-export-with-tables~ | +| ~:with-tags~ | ~org-export-with-tags~ | +| ~:with-tasks~ | ~org-export-with-tasks~ | +| ~:with-timestamps~ | ~org-export-with-timestamps~ | +| ~:with-title~ | ~org-export-with-title~ | +| ~:with-toc~ | ~org-export-with-toc~ | +| ~:with-todo-keywords~ | ~org-export-with-todo-keywords~ | + +**** ASCII specific properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +| ~:ascii-bullets~ | ~org-ascii-bullets~ | +| ~:ascii-caption-above~ | ~org-ascii-caption-above~ | +| ~:ascii-charset~ | ~org-ascii-charset~ | +| ~:ascii-global-margin~ | ~org-ascii-global-margin~ | +| ~:ascii-format-drawer-function~ | ~org-ascii-format-drawer-function~ | +| ~:ascii-format-inlinetask-function~ | ~org-ascii-format-inlinetask-function~ | +| ~:ascii-headline-spacing~ | ~org-ascii-headline-spacing~ | +| ~:ascii-indented-line-width~ | ~org-ascii-indented-line-width~ | +| ~:ascii-inlinetask-width~ | ~org-ascii-inlinetask-width~ | +| ~:ascii-inner-margin~ | ~org-ascii-inner-margin~ | +| ~:ascii-links-to-notes~ | ~org-ascii-links-to-notes~ | +| ~:ascii-list-margin~ | ~org-ascii-list-margin~ | +| ~:ascii-paragraph-spacing~ | ~org-ascii-paragraph-spacing~ | +| ~:ascii-quote-margin~ | ~org-ascii-quote-margin~ | +| ~:ascii-table-keep-all-vertical-lines~ | ~org-ascii-table-keep-all-vertical-lines~ | +| ~:ascii-table-use-ascii-art~ | ~org-ascii-table-use-ascii-art~ | +| ~:ascii-table-widen-columns~ | ~org-ascii-table-widen-columns~ | +| ~:ascii-text-width~ | ~org-ascii-text-width~ | +| ~:ascii-underline~ | ~org-ascii-underline~ | +| ~:ascii-verbatim-format~ | ~org-ascii-verbatim-format~ | + +**** Beamer specific properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +| ~:beamer-theme~ | ~org-beamer-theme~ | +| ~:beamer-column-view-format~ | ~org-beamer-column-view-format~ | +| ~:beamer-environments-extra~ | ~org-beamer-environments-extra~ | +| ~:beamer-frame-default-options~ | ~org-beamer-frame-default-options~ | +| ~:beamer-outline-frame-options~ | ~org-beamer-outline-frame-options~ | +| ~:beamer-outline-frame-title~ | ~org-beamer-outline-frame-title~ | +| ~:beamer-subtitle-format~ | ~org-beamer-subtitle-format~ | + +**** HTML specific properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +| ~:html-allow-name-attribute-in-anchors~ | ~org-html-allow-name-attribute-in-anchors~ | +| ~:html-checkbox-type~ | ~org-html-checkbox-type~ | +| ~:html-container~ | ~org-html-container-element~ | +| ~:html-divs~ | ~org-html-divs~ | +| ~:html-doctype~ | ~org-html-doctype~ | +| ~:html-extension~ | ~org-html-extension~ | +| ~:html-footnote-format~ | ~org-html-footnote-format~ | +| ~:html-footnote-separator~ | ~org-html-footnote-separator~ | +| ~:html-footnotes-section~ | ~org-html-footnotes-section~ | +| ~:html-format-drawer-function~ | ~org-html-format-drawer-function~ | +| ~:html-format-headline-function~ | ~org-html-format-headline-function~ | +| ~:html-format-inlinetask-function~ | ~org-html-format-inlinetask-function~ | +| ~:html-head-extra~ | ~org-html-head-extra~ | +| ~:html-head-include-default-style~ | ~org-html-head-include-default-style~ | +| ~:html-head-include-scripts~ | ~org-html-head-include-scripts~ | +| ~:html-head~ | ~org-html-head~ | +| ~:html-home/up-format~ | ~org-html-home/up-format~ | +| ~:html-html5-fancy~ | ~org-html-html5-fancy~ | +| ~:html-indent~ | ~org-html-indent~ | +| ~:html-infojs-options~ | ~org-html-infojs-options~ | +| ~:html-infojs-template~ | ~org-html-infojs-template~ | +| ~:html-inline-image-rules~ | ~org-html-inline-image-rules~ | +| ~:html-inline-images~ | ~org-html-inline-images~ | +| ~:html-link-home~ | ~org-html-link-home~ | +| ~:html-link-org-files-as-html~ | ~org-html-link-org-files-as-html~ | +| ~:html-link-up~ | ~org-html-link-up~ | +| ~:html-link-use-abs-url~ | ~org-html-link-use-abs-url~ | +| ~:html-mathjax-options~ | ~org-html-mathjax-options~ | +| ~:html-mathjax-template~ | ~org-html-mathjax-template~ | +| ~:html-equation-reference-format~ | ~org-html-equation-reference-format~ | +| ~:html-metadata-timestamp-format~ | ~org-html-metadata-timestamp-format~ | +| ~:html-postamble-format~ | ~org-html-postamble-format~ | +| ~:html-postamble~ | ~org-html-postamble~ | +| ~:html-preamble-format~ | ~org-html-preamble-format~ | +| ~:html-preamble~ | ~org-html-preamble~ | +| ~:html-self-link-headlines~ | ~org-html-self-link-headlines~ | +| ~:html-table-align-individual-field~ | ~de{org-html-table-align-individual-fields~ | +| ~:html-table-attributes~ | ~org-html-table-default-attributes~ | +| ~:html-table-caption-above~ | ~org-html-table-caption-above~ | +| ~:html-table-data-tags~ | ~org-html-table-data-tags~ | +| ~:html-table-header-tags~ | ~org-html-table-header-tags~ | +| ~:html-table-row-tags~ | ~org-html-table-row-tags~ | +| ~:html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column~ | ~org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column~ | +| ~:html-tag-class-prefix~ | ~org-html-tag-class-prefix~ | +| ~:html-text-markup-alist~ | ~org-html-text-markup-alist~ | +| ~:html-todo-kwd-class-prefix~ | ~org-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix~ | +| ~:html-toplevel-hlevel~ | ~org-html-toplevel-hlevel~ | +| ~:html-use-infojs~ | ~org-html-use-infojs~ | +| ~:html-validation-link~ | ~org-html-validation-link~ | +| ~:html-viewport~ | ~org-html-viewport~ | +| ~:html-wrap-src-lines~ | ~org-html-wrap-src-lines~ | +| ~:html-xml-declaration~ | ~org-html-xml-declaration~ | + +**** LaTeX specific properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +| ~:latex-active-timestamp-format~ | ~org-latex-active-timestamp-format~ | +| ~:latex-caption-above~ | ~org-latex-caption-above~ | +| ~:latex-classes~ | ~org-latex-classes~ | +| ~:latex-class~ | ~org-latex-default-class~ | +| ~:latex-compiler~ | ~org-latex-compiler~ | +| ~:latex-default-figure-position~ | ~org-latex-default-figure-position~ | +| ~:latex-default-table-environment~ | ~org-latex-default-table-environment~ | +| ~:latex-default-table-mode~ | ~org-latex-default-table-mode~ | +| ~:latex-diary-timestamp-format~ | ~org-latex-diary-timestamp-format~ | +| ~:latex-footnote-defined-format~ | ~org-latex-footnote-defined-format~ | +| ~:latex-footnote-separator~ | ~org-latex-footnote-separator~ | +| ~:latex-format-drawer-function~ | ~org-latex-format-drawer-function~ | +| ~:latex-format-headline-function~ | ~org-latex-format-headline-function~ | +| ~:latex-format-inlinetask-function~ | ~org-latex-format-inlinetask-function~ | +| ~:latex-hyperref-template~ | ~org-latex-hyperref-template~ | +| ~:latex-image-default-height~ | ~org-latex-image-default-height~ | +| ~:latex-image-default-option~ | ~org-latex-image-default-option~ | +| ~:latex-image-default-width~ | ~org-latex-image-default-width~ | +| ~:latex-images-centered~ | ~org-latex-images-centered~ | +| ~:latex-inactive-timestamp-format~ | ~org-latex-inactive-timestamp-format~ | +| ~:latex-inline-image-rules~ | ~org-latex-inline-image-rules~ | +| ~:latex-link-with-unknown-path-format~ | ~org-latex-link-with-unknown-path-format~ | +| ~:latex-listings-langs~ | ~org-latex-listings-langs~ | +| ~:latex-listings-options~ | ~org-latex-listings-options~ | +| ~:latex-listings~ | ~org-latex-listings~ | +| ~:latex-minted-langs~ | ~org-latex-minted-langs~ | +| ~:latex-minted-options~ | ~org-latex-minted-options~ | +| ~:latex-prefer-user-labels~ | ~org-latex-prefer-user-labels~ | +| ~:latex-subtitle-format~ | ~org-latex-subtitle-format~ | +| ~:latex-subtitle-separate~ | ~org-latex-subtitle-separate~ | +| ~:latex-table-scientific-notation~ | ~org-latex-table-scientific-notation~ | +| ~:latex-tables-booktabs~ | ~org-latex-tables-booktabs~ | +| ~:latex-tables-centered~ | ~org-latex-tables-centered~ | +| ~:latex-text-markup-alist~ | ~org-latex-text-markup-alist~ | +| ~:latex-title-command~ | ~org-latex-title-command~ | +| ~:latex-toc-command~ | ~org-latex-toc-command~ | + +**** Markdown specific properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +| ~:md-footnote-format~ | ~org-md-footnote-format~ | +| ~:md-footnotes-section~ | ~org-md-footnotes-section~ | +| ~:md-headline-style~ | ~org-md-headline-style~ | + +**** ODT specific properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +| ~:odt-content-template-file~ | ~org-odt-content-template-file~ | +| ~:odt-display-outline-level~ | ~org-odt-display-outline-level~ | +| ~:odt-fontify-srcblocks~ | ~org-odt-fontify-srcblocks~ | +| ~:odt-format-drawer-function~ | ~org-odt-format-drawer-function~ | +| ~:odt-format-headline-function~ | ~org-odt-format-headline-function~ | +| ~:odt-format-inlinetask-function~ | ~org-odt-format-inlinetask-function~ | +| ~:odt-inline-formula-rules~ | ~org-odt-inline-formula-rules~ | +| ~:odt-inline-image-rules~ | ~org-odt-inline-image-rules~ | +| ~:odt-pixels-per-inch~ | ~org-odt-pixels-per-inch~ | +| ~:odt-styles-file~ | ~org-odt-styles-file~ | +| ~:odt-table-styles~ | ~org-odt-table-styles~ | +| ~:odt-use-date-fields~ | ~org-odt-use-date-fields~ | + +**** Texinfo specific properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +| ~:texinfo-active-timestamp-format~ | ~org-texinfo-active-timestamp-format~ | +| ~:texinfo-classes~ | ~org-texinfo-classes~ | +| ~:texinfo-class~ | ~org-texinfo-default-class~ | +| ~:texinfo-table-default-markup~ | ~org-texinfo-table-default-markup~ | +| ~:texinfo-diary-timestamp-format~ | ~org-texinfo-diary-timestamp-format~ | +| ~:texinfo-filename~ | ~org-texinfo-filename~ | +| ~:texinfo-format-drawer-function~ | ~org-texinfo-format-drawer-function~ | +| ~:texinfo-format-headline-function~ | ~org-texinfo-format-headline-function~ | +| ~:texinfo-format-inlinetask-function~ | ~org-texinfo-format-inlinetask-function~ | +| ~:texinfo-inactive-timestamp-format~ | ~org-texinfo-inactive-timestamp-format~ | +| ~:texinfo-link-with-unknown-path-format~ | ~org-texinfo-link-with-unknown-path-format~ | +| ~:texinfo-node-description-column~ | ~org-texinfo-node-description-column~ | +| ~:texinfo-table-scientific-notation~ | ~org-texinfo-table-scientific-notation~ | +| ~:texinfo-tables-verbatim~ | ~org-texinfo-tables-verbatim~ | +| ~:texinfo-text-markup-alist~ | ~org-texinfo-text-markup-alist~ | + +*** Publishing links +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Which links keep working after publishing? +:END: +#+cindex: links, publishing + +To create a link from one Org file to another, you would use something +like =[[file:foo.org][The foo]]= or simply =[[file:foo.org]]= (see [[*External Links]]). When +published, this link becomes a link to =foo.html=. You can thus +interlink the pages of your "Org web" project and the links will work +as expected when you publish them to HTML. If you also publish the +Org source file and want to link to it, use an =http= link instead of +a =file:= link, because =file= links are converted to link to the +corresponding =.html= file. + +You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are +careful with relative file names, and provided you have also +configured Org to upload the related files, these links will work too. +See [[*Example: complex publishing configuration]], for an example of this +usage. + +Eventually, links between published documents can contain some search +options (see [[*Search Options in File Links]]), which will be resolved to +the appropriate location in the linked file. For example, once +published to HTML, the following links all point to a dedicated anchor +in =foo.html=. + +#+begin_example +[[file:foo.org::*heading]] +[[file:foo.org::#custom-id]] +[[file:foo.org::target]] +#+end_example + +*** Generating a sitemap +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Generating a list of all pages. +:ALT_TITLE: Site map +:END: +#+cindex: sitemap, of published pages + +The following properties may be used to control publishing of +a map of files for a given project. + +- ~:auto-sitemap~ :: + + When non-~nil~, publish a sitemap during + ~org-publish-current-project~ or ~org-publish-all~. + +- ~:sitemap-filename~ :: + + Filename for output of sitemap. Defaults to =sitemap.org=, which + becomes =sitemap.html=. + +- ~:sitemap-title~ :: + + Title of sitemap page. Defaults to name of file. + +- ~:sitemap-format-entry~ :: + + #+findex: org-publish-find-date + #+findex: org-publish-find-property + #+findex: org-publish-find-title + With this option one can tell how a site-map entry is formatted in + the site-map. It is a function called with three arguments: the + file or directory name relative to base directory of the project, + the site-map style and the current project. It is expected to + return a string. Default value turns file names into links and use + document titles as descriptions. For specific formatting needs, one + can use ~org-publish-find-date~, ~org-publish-find-title~ and + ~org-publish-find-property~, to retrieve additional information + about published documents. + +- ~:sitemap-function~ :: + + Plug-in function to use for generation of the sitemap. It is called + with two arguments: the title of the site-map and a representation + of the files and directories involved in the project as a nested + list, which can further be transformed using ~org-list-to-generic~, + ~org-list-to-subtree~ and alike. Default value generates a plain + list of links to all files in the project. + +- ~:sitemap-sort-folders~ :: + + Where folders should appear in the sitemap. Set this to ~first~ + (default) or ~last~ to display folders first or last, respectively. + When set to ~ignore~, folders are ignored altogether. Any other + value mixes files and folders. This variable has no effect when + site-map style is ~tree~. + +- ~:sitemap-sort-files~ :: + + How the files are sorted in the site map. Set this to + ~alphabetically~ (default), ~chronologically~ or + ~anti-chronologically~. ~chronologically~ sorts the files with + older date first while ~anti-chronologically~ sorts the files with + newer date first. ~alphabetically~ sorts the files alphabetically. + The date of a file is retrieved with ~org-publish-find-date~. + +- ~:sitemap-ignore-case~ :: + + Should sorting be case-sensitive? Default ~nil~. + +- ~:sitemap-file-entry-format~ :: + + With this option one can tell how a sitemap's entry is formatted in + the sitemap. This is a format string with some escape sequences: + ~%t~ stands for the title of the file, ~%a~ stands for the author of + the file and ~%d~ stands for the date of the file. The date is + retrieved with the ~org-publish-find-date~ function and formatted + with ~org-publish-sitemap-date-format~. Default ~%t~. + +- ~:sitemap-date-format~ :: + + Format string for the ~format-time-string~ function that tells how + a sitemap entry's date is to be formatted. This property bypasses + ~org-publish-sitemap-date-format~ which defaults to ~%Y-%m-%d~. + +*** Generating an index +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: An index that reaches across pages. +:END: +#+cindex: index, in a publishing project + +Org mode can generate an index across the files of a publishing project. + +- ~:makeindex~ :: + + When non-~nil~, generate in index in the file =theindex.org= and + publish it as =theindex.html=. + +The file is created when first publishing a project with the +~:makeindex~ set. The file only contains a statement =#+INCLUDE: +"theindex.inc"=. You can then build around this include statement by +adding a title, style information, etc. + +#+cindex: @samp{INDEX}, keyword +Index entries are specified with =INDEX= keyword. An entry that +contains an exclamation mark creates a sub item. + +#+begin_example +,*** Curriculum Vitae +,#+INDEX: CV +,#+INDEX: Application!CV +#+end_example + +** Uploading Files +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to get files up on the server. +:END: +#+cindex: rsync +#+cindex: unison + +For those people already utilizing third party sync tools such as +Rsync or Unison, it might be preferable not to use the built-in remote +publishing facilities of Org mode which rely heavily on Tramp. Tramp, +while very useful and powerful, tends not to be so efficient for +multiple file transfer and has been known to cause problems under +heavy usage. + +Specialized synchronization utilities offer several advantages. In +addition to timestamp comparison, they also do content and +permissions/attribute checks. For this reason you might prefer to +publish your web to a local directory---possibly even /in place/ with +your Org files---and then use Unison or Rsync to do the +synchronization with the remote host. + +Since Unison, for example, can be configured as to which files to +transfer to a certain remote destination, it can greatly simplify the +project publishing definition. Simply keep all files in the correct +location, process your Org files with ~org-publish~ and let the +synchronization tool do the rest. You do not need, in this scenario, +to include attachments such as JPG, CSS or PNG files in the project +definition since the third-party tool syncs them. + +Publishing to a local directory is also much faster than to a remote +one, so that you can afford more easily to republish entire projects. +If you set ~org-publish-use-timestamps-flag~ to ~nil~, you gain the +main benefit of re-including any changed external files such as source +example files you might include with =INCLUDE= keyword. The timestamp +mechanism in Org is not smart enough to detect if included files have +been modified. + +** Sample Configuration +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Example projects. +:END: + +Below we provide two example configurations. The first one is +a simple project publishing only a set of Org files. The second +example is more complex, with a multi-component project. + +*** Example: simple publishing configuration +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: One-component publishing. +:ALT_TITLE: Simple example +:END: + +This example publishes a set of Org files to the =public_html= +directory on the local machine. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-publish-project-alist + '(("org" + :base-directory "~/org/" + :publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html + :publishing-directory "~/public_html" + :section-numbers nil + :with-toc nil + :html-head ""))) +#+end_src + +*** Example: complex publishing configuration +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: A multi-component publishing example. +:ALT_TITLE: Complex example +:END: + +This more complicated example publishes an entire website, including +Org files converted to HTML, image files, Emacs Lisp source code, and +style sheets. The publishing directory is remote and private files +are excluded. + +To ensure that links are preserved, care should be taken to replicate +your directory structure on the web server, and to use relative file +paths. For example, if your Org files are kept in =~/org/= and your +publishable images in =~/images/=, you would link to an image with + +: file:../images/myimage.png + +On the web server, the relative path to the image should be the same. +You can accomplish this by setting up an =images/= folder in the right +place on the web server, and publishing images to it. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-publish-project-alist + '(("orgfiles" + :base-directory "~/org/" + :base-extension "org" + :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@host:~/html/notebook/" + :publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html + :exclude "PrivatePage.org" ;; regexp + :headline-levels 3 + :section-numbers nil + :with-toc nil + :html-head "" + :html-preamble t) + + ("images" + :base-directory "~/images/" + :base-extension "jpg\\|gif\\|png" + :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@host:~/html/images/" + :publishing-function org-publish-attachment) + + ("other" + :base-directory "~/other/" + :base-extension "css\\|el" + :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@host:~/html/other/" + :publishing-function org-publish-attachment) + ("website" :components ("orgfiles" "images" "other")))) +#+end_src + +** Triggering Publication +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Publication commands. +:END: + +Once properly configured, Org can publish with the following commands: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P x)}}} (~org-publish~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e P x + #+findex: org-publish + Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to + it. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P p)}}} (~org-publish-current-project~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e P p + #+findex: org-publish-current-project + Publish the project containing the current file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P f)}}} (~org-publish-current-file~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e P f + #+findex: org-publish-current-file + Publish only the current file. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P a)}}} (~org-publish-all~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-e P a + #+findex: org-publish-all + Publish every project. + +#+vindex: org-publish-use-timestamps-flag +Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above +functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this +and force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument to any +of the commands above, or by customizing the variable +~org-publish-use-timestamps-flag~. This may be necessary in +particular if files include other files via =SETUPFILE= or =INCLUDE= +keywords. + +* Citation handling +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: create, follow and export citations. +:END: +#+cindex: citation + +The =oc.el= library provides tooling to handle citations in Org via +"citation processors" that offer some or all of the following +capabilities: + +- activate :: Fontification, tooltip preview, etc. +- follow :: At-point actions on citations via ~org-open-at-point~. +- insert :: Add and edit citations via ~org-cite-insert~. +- export :: Via different libraries for different target formats. + +The user can configure these with ~org-cite-activate-processor~, +~org-cite-follow-processor~, ~org-cite-insert-processor~, and +~org-cite-export-processors~ respectively. + +The included "basic" processor provides all four capabilities. + +** Citations + +Before adding citations, first set one-or-more bibliographies, either +globally with ~org-cite-global-bibliography~, or locally using one or +more "bibliography" keywords. + +#+begin_example +#+bibliography: SomeFile.bib +#+bibliography: /some/other/file.json +#+bibliography: "/some/file/with spaces/in its name.bib" +#+end_example + +#+kindex: C-c C-x @@ +#+findex: org-cite-insert +One can then insert and edit citations using ~org-cite-insert~, called +with {{{kbd(C-c C-x @)}}}. + +A /citation/ requires one or more citation /key(s)/, elements +identifying a reference in the bibliography. + +- Each citation is surrounded by brackets and uses the =cite= type. + +- Each key starts with the character =@=. + +- Each key can be qualified by a /prefix/ (e.g.\nbsp{}"see ") and/or + a /suffix/ (e.g.\nbsp{}"p.\nbsp{}123"), giving information useful or necessary + fo the comprehension of the citation but not included in the + reference. + +- A single citation can cite more than one reference ; the keys are + separated by semicolons ; the formatting of such citation groups is + specified by the style. + +- One can also specify a stylistic variation for the citations by + inserting a =/= and a style name between the =cite= keyword and the + colon; this usually makes sense only for the author-year styles. + +: [cite/style:common prefix ;prefix @key suffix; ... ; common suffix] + +The only mandatory elements are: + +- The =cite= keyword and the colon. +- The =@= character immediately preceding each key. +- The brackets surrounding the citation(s) (group). + +** Citation export processors + +Org currently includes the following export processors: + +- Two processors can export to a variety of formats, including =latex= + (and therefore =pdf=), =html=, =odt= and plain (UTF8) text: + + - basic :: a basic export processor, well adapted to situations + where backward compatibility is not a requirement and formatting + needs are minimal; + + - csl :: this export processor uses format files written in [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_Style_Language][Citation + Style Language]] via [[https://github.com/andras-simonyi/citeproc-el][citeproc-el]]; + +- In contrast, two other processors target LaTeX and LaTeX-derived + formats exclusively: + + - natbib :: this export processor uses BibTeX, the historical + bibliographic processor used with LaTeX, thus allowing the use of + data and style files compatible with this processor (including + a large number of publishers' styles). It uses citation commands + implemented in the LaTeX package =natbib=, allowing more stylistic + variants that LaTeX's =\cite= command. + + - biblatex :: this backend allows the use of data and formats + prepared for BibLaTeX, an alternate bibliographic processor used + with LaTeX, which overcomes some serious BibTeX limitations, but + has not (yet?)\nbsp{}been widely adopted by publishers. + +The =CITE_EXPORT= keyword specifies the export processor and the +citation (and possibly reference) style(s); for example (all arguments +are optional) + +: #+cite_export: basic author author-year + +#+texinfo: @noindent +specifies the "basic" export processor with citations inserted as +author's name and references indexed by author's names and year; + +: #+cite_export: csl /some/path/to/vancouver-brackets.csl + +#+texinfo: @noindent +specifies the "csl" processor and CSL style, which in this case +defines numeric citations and numeric references according to the +=Vancouver= specification (as style used in many medical journals), +following a typesetting variation putting citations between brackets; + +: #+cite_export: natbib kluwer + +#+texinfo: @noindent +specifies the =natbib= export processor with a label citation style +conformant to the Harvard style and the specification of the +Wolkers-Kluwer publisher; since it relies on the ~bibtex~ processor of +your LaTeX installation, it won't export to anything but PDF. + +* Working with Source Code +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Export, evaluate, and tangle code blocks. +:END: +#+cindex: source code, working with + +Source code here refers to any plain text collection of computer +instructions, possibly with comments, written using a human-readable +programming language. Org can manage source code in an Org document +when the source code is identified with begin and end markers. +Working with source code begins with identifying source code blocks. +A source code block can be placed almost anywhere in an Org document; +it is not restricted to the preamble or the end of the document. +However, Org cannot manage a source code block if it is placed inside +an Org comment or within a fixed width section. + +Here is an example source code block in the Emacs Lisp language: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (defun org-xor (a b) + "Exclusive or." + (if a (not b) b)) +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +Source code blocks are one of many Org block types, which also include +"center", "comment", "dynamic", "example", "export", "quote", +"special", and "verse". This section pertains to blocks between +=#+BEGIN_SRC= and =#+END_SRC=. + +Details of Org's facilities for working with source code are described +in the following sections. + +** Features Overview +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Enjoy the versatility of source blocks. +:END: + +Org can manage the source code in the block delimited by =#+BEGIN_SRC= +... =#+END_SRC= in several ways that can simplify housekeeping tasks +essential to modern source code maintenance. Org can edit, format, +extract, export, and publish source code blocks. Org can also compile +and execute a source code block, then capture the results. The Org +mode literature sometimes refers to source code blocks as /live code/ +blocks because they can alter the content of the Org document or the +material that it exports. Users can control the "liveliness" of each +source code block by tweaking the header arguments (see [[*Using Header +Arguments]]) for compiling, execution, extraction, and exporting. + +For editing and formatting a source code block, Org uses an +appropriate Emacs major mode that includes features specifically +designed for source code in that language. + +Org can extract one or more source code blocks and write them to one +or more source files---a process known as /tangling/ in literate +programming terminology. + +For exporting and publishing, Org's back-ends can format a source code +block appropriately, often with native syntax highlighting. + +For executing and compiling a source code block, the user can +configure Org to select the appropriate compiler. Org provides +facilities to collect the result of the execution or compiler output, +insert it into the Org document, and/or export it. In addition to +text results, Org can insert links to other data types, including +audio, video, and graphics. Org can also link a compiler error +message to the appropriate line in the source code block. + +An important feature of Org's management of source code blocks is the +ability to pass variables, functions, and results to one another using +a common syntax for source code blocks in any language. Although most +literate programming facilities are restricted to one language or +another, Org's language-agnostic approach lets the literate programmer +match each programming task with the appropriate computer language and +to mix them all together in a single Org document. This +interoperability among languages explains why Org's source code +management facility was named /Org Babel/ by its originators, Eric +Schulte and Dan Davison. + +Org mode fulfills the promise of easy verification and maintenance of +publishing reproducible research by keeping text, data, code, +configuration settings of the execution environment, the results of +the execution, and associated narratives, claims, references, and +internal and external links in a single Org document. + +** Structure of Code Blocks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Code block syntax described. +:END: +#+cindex: code block, structure +#+cindex: source code, block structure +#+cindex: @samp{NAME} keyword, in source blocks +#+cindex: @samp{BEGIN_SRC} + +Org offers two ways to structure source code in Org documents: in +a source code block, and directly inline. Both specifications are +shown below. + +A source code block conforms to this structure: + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: +,#+BEGIN_SRC
+ +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +Do not be put-off by having to remember the source block syntax. Org +mode offers a command for wrapping existing text in a block (see +[[*Structure Templates]]). Org also works with other completion systems +in Emacs, some of which predate Org and have custom domain-specific +languages for defining templates. Regular use of templates reduces +errors, increases accuracy, and maintains consistency. + +#+cindex: source code, inline +An inline code block conforms to this structure: + +: src_{} + +#+texinfo: @noindent +or + +: src_[
]{} + +- =#+NAME: = :: + + Optional. Names the source block so it can be called, like + a function, from other source blocks or inline code to evaluate or + to capture the results. Code from other blocks, other files, and + from table formulas (see [[*The Spreadsheet]]) can use the name to + reference a source block. This naming serves the same purpose as + naming Org tables. Org mode requires unique names. For duplicate + names, Org mode's behavior is undefined. + +- =#+BEGIN_SRC= ... =#+END_SRC= :: + + Mandatory. They mark the start and end of a block that Org + requires. The =#+BEGIN_SRC= line takes additional arguments, as + described next. + +- == :: + + #+cindex: language, in code blocks + Mandatory. It is the identifier of the source code language in the + block. See [[*Languages]], for identifiers of supported languages. + +- == :: + + #+cindex: switches, in code blocks + Optional. Switches provide finer control of the code execution, + export, and format (see the discussion of switches in [[*Literal + Examples]]). + +- =
= :: + + #+cindex: header arguments, in code blocks + Optional. Heading arguments control many aspects of evaluation, + export and tangling of code blocks (see [[*Using Header Arguments]]). + Using Org's properties feature, header arguments can be selectively + applied to the entire buffer or specific sub-trees of the Org + document. + +- == :: + + Source code in the dialect of the specified language identifier. + +** Using Header Arguments +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Different ways to set header arguments. +:END: + +Org comes with many header arguments common to all languages. New +header arguments are added for specific languages as they become +available for use in source code blocks. A header argument is +specified with an initial colon followed by the argument's name in +lowercase. + +Since header arguments can be set in several ways, Org prioritizes +them in case of overlaps or conflicts by giving local settings +a higher priority. Header values in function calls, for example, +override header values from global defaults. + +*** System-wide header arguments +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: +#+vindex: org-babel-default-header-args + +#+vindex: org-babel-default-header-args +System-wide values of header arguments can be specified by customizing +the ~org-babel-default-header-args~ variable, which defaults to the +following values: + +#+begin_example +:session => "none" +:results => "replace" +:exports => "code" +:cache => "no" +:noweb => "no" +#+end_example + +The example below sets =:noweb= header arguments to =yes=, which makes +Org expand =:noweb= references by default. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-babel-default-header-args + (cons '(:noweb . "yes") + (assq-delete-all :noweb org-babel-default-header-args))) +#+end_src + +#+cindex: language specific default header arguments +#+cindex: default header arguments per language +Each language can have separate default header arguments by +customizing the variable ~org-babel-default-header-args:~, where +{{{var()}}} is the name of the language. For details, see the +language-specific online documentation at +https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/. + +*** Header arguments in Org mode properties +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +For header arguments applicable to the buffer, use =PROPERTY= keyword +anywhere in the Org file (see [[*Property Syntax]]). + +The following example makes all the R code blocks execute in the same +session. Setting =:results= to =silent= ignores the results of +executions for all blocks, not just R code blocks; no results inserted +for any block. + +#+begin_example +,#+PROPERTY: header-args:R :session *R* +,#+PROPERTY: header-args :results silent +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-use-property-inheritance +Header arguments set through Org's property drawers (see [[*Property +Syntax]]) apply at the sub-tree level on down. Since these property +drawers can appear anywhere in the file hierarchy, Org uses outermost +call or source block to resolve the values. Org ignores +~org-use-property-inheritance~ setting. + +In this example, =:cache= defaults to =yes= for all code blocks in the +sub-tree. + +#+begin_example +,* sample header + :PROPERTIES: + :header-args: :cache yes + :END: +#+end_example + +#+kindex: C-c C-x p +#+findex: org-set-property +Properties defined through ~org-set-property~ function, bound to +{{{kbd(C-c C-x p)}}}, apply to all active languages. They override +properties set in ~org-babel-default-header-args~. + +#+cindex: language specific header arguments properties +#+cindex: header arguments per language +Language-specific header arguments are also read from properties +=header-args:= where {{{var()}}} is the language +identifier. For example, + +#+begin_example +,* Heading + :PROPERTIES: + :header-args:clojure: :session *clojure-1* + :header-args:R: :session *R* + :END: +,** Subheading + :PROPERTIES: + :header-args:clojure: :session *clojure-2* + :END: +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +would force separate sessions for Clojure blocks in =Heading= and +=Subheading=, but use the same session for all R blocks. Blocks in +=Subheading= inherit settings from =Heading=. + +*** Code block specific header arguments +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Header arguments are most commonly set at the source code block level, +on the =#+BEGIN_SRC= line. Arguments set at this level take +precedence over those set in the ~org-babel-default-header-args~ +variable, and also those set as header properties. + +In the following example, setting =:results= to =silent= makes it +ignore results of the code execution. Setting =:exports= to =code= +exports only the body of the code block to HTML or LaTeX. + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: factorial +,#+BEGIN_SRC haskell :results silent :exports code :var n=0 + fac 0 = 1 + fac n = n * fac (n-1) +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +The same header arguments in an inline code block: + +: src_haskell[:exports both]{fac 5} + +#+cindex: @samp{HEADER}, keyword +Code block header arguments can span multiple lines using =#+HEADER:= +on each line. Note that Org currently accepts the plural spelling of +=#+HEADER:= only as a convenience for backward-compatibility. It may +be removed at some point. + +Multi-line header arguments on an unnamed code block: + +#+begin_example +,#+HEADER: :var data1=1 +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data2=2 + (message "data1:%S, data2:%S" data1 data2) +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +: data1:1, data2:2 +#+end_example + +Multi-line header arguments on a named code block: + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: named-block +,#+HEADER: :var data=2 +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (message "data:%S" data) +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: named-block + : data:2 +#+end_example + +*** Header arguments in function calls +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Header arguments in function calls are the most specific and override +all other settings in case of an overlap. They get the highest +priority. Two =#+CALL:= examples are shown below. For the complete +syntax of =CALL= keyword, see [[*Evaluating Code Blocks]]. + +In this example, =:exports results= header argument is applied to the +evaluation of the =#+CALL:= line. + +: #+CALL: factorial(n=5) :exports results + +In this example, =:session special= header argument is applied to the +evaluation of =factorial= code block. + +: #+CALL: factorial[:session special](n=5) + +** Environment of a Code Block +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Arguments, sessions, working directory... +:END: + +*** Passing arguments +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: passing arguments to code blocks +#+cindex: arguments, in code blocks +#+cindex: @samp{var}, header argument +Use =var= for passing arguments to source code blocks. The specifics +of variables in code blocks vary by the source language and are +covered in the language-specific documentation. The syntax for =var=, +however, is the same for all languages. This includes declaring +a variable, and assigning a default value. + +The following syntax is used to pass arguments to code blocks using +the =var= header argument. + +: :var NAME=ASSIGN + +#+texinfo: @noindent +{{{var(NAME)}}} is the name of the variable bound in the code block +body. {{{var(ASSIGN)}}} is a literal value, such as a string, +a number, a reference to a table, a list, a literal example, another +code block---with or without arguments---or the results of evaluating +a code block. {{{var(ASSIGN)}}} may specify a filename for references +to elements in a different file, using a =:= to separate the filename +from the reference. + +: :var NAME=FILE:REFERENCE + +Here are examples of passing values by reference: + +- table :: + + A table named with a =NAME= keyword. + + #+begin_example + ,#+NAME: example-table + | 1 | + | 2 | + | 3 | + | 4 | + + ,#+NAME: table-length + ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var table=example-table + (length table) + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: table-length + : 4 + #+end_example + + When passing a table, you can treat specially the row, or the + column, containing labels for the columns, or the rows, in the + table. + + #+cindex: @samp{colnames}, header argument + The =colnames= header argument accepts =yes=, =no=, or =nil= values. + The default value is =nil=: if an input table has column + names---because the second row is a horizontal rule---then Org + removes the column names, processes the table, puts back the column + names, and then writes the table to the results block. Using =yes=, + Org does the same to the first row, even if the initial table does + not contain any horizontal rule. When set to =no=, Org does not + pre-process column names at all. + + #+begin_example + ,#+NAME: less-cols + | a | + |---| + | b | + | c | + + ,#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=less-cols :colnames nil + return [[val + '*' for val in row] for row in tab] + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: + | a | + |----| + | b* | + | c* | + #+end_example + + #+cindex: @samp{rownames}, header argument + Similarly, the =rownames= header argument can take two values: =yes= + or =no=. When set to =yes=, Org removes the first column, processes + the table, puts back the first column, and then writes the table to + the results block. The default is =no=, which means Org does not + pre-process the first column. Note that Emacs Lisp code blocks + ignore =rownames= header argument because of the ease of + table-handling in Emacs. + + #+begin_example + ,#+NAME: with-rownames + | one | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | + | two | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | + + ,#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=with-rownames :rownames yes + return [[val + 10 for val in row] for row in tab] + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: + | one | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | + | two | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | + #+end_example + +To refer to a table in another file, join the filename and table name with +a colon, for example: =:var table=other-file.org:example-table=. + +- list :: + + A simple named list. + + #+begin_example + ,#+NAME: example-list + - simple + - not + - nested + - list + + ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=example-list + (print x) + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: + | simple | list | + #+end_example + + Note that only the top level list items are passed along. Nested + list items are ignored. + +- code block without arguments :: + + A code block name, as assigned by =NAME= keyword from the example + above, optionally followed by parentheses. + + #+begin_example + ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var length=table-length() + (* 2 length) + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: + : 8 + #+end_example + +- code block with arguments :: + + A code block name, as assigned by =NAME= keyword, followed by + parentheses and optional arguments passed within the parentheses. + + #+begin_example + ,#+NAME: double + ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var input=8 + (* 2 input) + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: double + : 16 + + ,#+NAME: squared + ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var input=double(input=1) + (* input input) + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: squared + : 4 + #+end_example + +- literal example :: + + A literal example block named with a =NAME= keyword. + + #+begin_example + ,#+NAME: literal-example + ,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + A literal example + on two lines + ,#+END_EXAMPLE + + ,#+NAME: read-literal-example + ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=literal-example + (concatenate #'string x " for you.") + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: read-literal-example + : A literal example + : on two lines for you. + #+end_example + +Indexing variable values enables referencing portions of a variable. +Indexes are 0 based with negative values counting backwards from the +end. If an index is separated by commas then each subsequent section +indexes as the next dimension. Note that this indexing occurs +/before/ other table-related header arguments are applied, such as +=hlines=, =colnames= and =rownames=. The following example assigns +the last cell of the first row the table =example-table= to the +variable =data=: + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: example-table +| 1 | a | +| 2 | b | +| 3 | c | +| 4 | d | + +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[0,-1] + data +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +: a +#+end_example + +Two integers separated by a colon reference a range of variable +values. In that case the entire inclusive range is referenced. For +example the following assigns the middle three rows of =example-table= +to =data=. + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: example-table +| 1 | a | +| 2 | b | +| 3 | c | +| 4 | d | +| 5 | 3 | + +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[1:3] + data +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +| 2 | b | +| 3 | c | +| 4 | d | +#+end_example + +To pick the entire range, use an empty index, or the single character +=*=. =0:-1= does the same thing. Example below shows how to +reference the first column only. + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: example-table +| 1 | a | +| 2 | b | +| 3 | c | +| 4 | d | + +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[,0] + data +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | +#+end_example + +Index referencing can be used for tables and code blocks. Index +referencing can handle any number of dimensions. Commas delimit +multiple dimensions, as shown below. + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: 3D +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + '(((1 2 3) (4 5 6) (7 8 9)) + ((10 11 12) (13 14 15) (16 17 18)) + ((19 20 21) (22 23 24) (25 26 27))) +,#+END_SRC + +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=3D[1,,1] + data +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +| 11 | 14 | 17 | +#+end_example + +Note that row names and column names are not removed prior to variable +indexing. You need to take them into account, even when =colnames= or +=rownames= header arguments remove them. + +Emacs lisp code can also set the values for variables. To +differentiate a value from Lisp code, Org interprets any value +starting with =(=, =[=, ='= or =`= as Emacs Lisp code. The result of +evaluating that code is then assigned to the value of that variable. +The following example shows how to reliably query and pass the file +name of the Org mode buffer to a code block using headers. We need +reliability here because the file's name could change once the code in +the block starts executing. + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC sh :var filename=(buffer-file-name) :exports both + wc -w $filename +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +Note that values read from tables and lists are not mistakenly +evaluated as Emacs Lisp code, as illustrated in the following example. + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: table +| (a b c) | + +,#+HEADER: :var data=table[0,0] +,#+BEGIN_SRC perl + $data +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +: (a b c) +#+end_example + +*** Using sessions +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: using sessions in code blocks +#+cindex: @samp{session}, header argument +Two code blocks can share the same environment. The =session= header +argument is for running multiple source code blocks under one session. +Org runs code blocks with the same session name in the same +interpreter process. + +- =none= :: + + Default. Each code block gets a new interpreter process to execute. + The process terminates once the block is evaluated. + +- {{{var(STRING)}}} :: + + Any string besides =none= turns that string into the name of that + session. For example, =:session STRING= names it =STRING=. If + =session= has no value, then the session name is derived from the + source language identifier. Subsequent blocks with the same source + code language use the same session. Depending on the language, + state variables, code from other blocks, and the overall interpreted + environment may be shared. Some interpreted languages support + concurrent sessions when subsequent source code language blocks + change session names. + +Only languages that provide interactive evaluation can have session +support. Not all languages provide this support, such as C and ditaa. +Even languages, such as Python and Haskell, that do support +interactive evaluation impose limitations on allowable language +constructs that can run interactively. Org inherits those limitations +for those code blocks running in a session. + +*** Choosing a working directory +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: working directory, in a code block +#+cindex: @samp{dir}, header argument +#+cindex: @samp{mkdirp}, header argument +The =dir= header argument specifies the default directory during code +block execution. If it is absent, then the directory associated with +the current buffer is used. In other words, supplying =:dir +DIRECTORY= temporarily has the same effect as changing the current +directory with {{{kbd(M-x cd RET DIRECTORY)}}}, and then not setting +=dir=. Under the surface, =dir= simply sets the value of the Emacs +variable ~default-directory~. Setting =mkdirp= header argument to +a non-~nil~ value creates the directory, if necessary. + +For example, to save the plot file in the =Work/= folder of the home +directory---notice tilde is expanded: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC R :file myplot.png :dir ~/Work + matplot(matrix(rnorm(100), 10), type="l") +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +To evaluate the code block on a remote machine, supply a remote +directory name using Tramp syntax. For example: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC R :file plot.png :dir /scp:dand@yakuba.princeton.edu: + plot(1:10, main=system("hostname", intern=TRUE)) +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +Org first captures the text results as usual for insertion in the Org +file. Then Org also inserts a link to the remote file, thanks to +Emacs Tramp. Org constructs the remote path to the file name from +=dir= and ~default-directory~, as illustrated here: + +: [[file:/scp:dand@yakuba.princeton.edu:/home/dand/plot.png][plot.png]] + +When =dir= is used with =session=, Org sets the starting directory for +a new session. But Org does not alter the directory of an already +existing session. + +Do not use =dir= with =:exports results= or with =:exports both= to +avoid Org inserting incorrect links to remote files. That is because +Org does not expand ~default directory~ to avoid some underlying +portability issues. + +*** Inserting headers and footers +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: headers, in code blocks +#+cindex: footers, in code blocks +#+cindex: @samp{prologue}, header argument +The =prologue= header argument is for appending to the top of the code +block for execution, like a reset instruction. For example, you may +use =:prologue "reset"= in a Gnuplot code block or, for every such +block: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(add-to-list 'org-babel-default-header-args:gnuplot + '((:prologue . "reset"))) + +#+end_src + +#+cindex: @samp{epilogue}, header argument +Likewise, the value of the =epilogue= header argument is for appending +to the end of the code block for execution. + +** Evaluating Code Blocks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Place results of evaluation in the Org buffer. +:END: +#+cindex: code block, evaluating +#+cindex: source code, evaluating +#+cindex: @samp{RESULTS}, keyword + +A note about security: With code evaluation comes the risk of harm. +Org safeguards by prompting for user's permission before executing any +code in the source block. To customize this safeguard, or disable it, +see [[*Code Evaluation and Security Issues]]. + +*** How to evaluate source code +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org captures the results of the code block evaluation and inserts them +in the Org file, right after the code block. The insertion point is +after a newline and the =RESULTS= keyword. Org creates the =RESULTS= +keyword if one is not already there. + +By default, Org enables only Emacs Lisp code blocks for execution. +See [[*Languages]] to enable other languages. + +#+kindex: C-c C-c +#+kindex: C-c C-v e +#+findex: org-babel-execute-src-block +Org provides many ways to execute code blocks. {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} or +{{{kbd(C-c C-v e)}}} with the point on a code block[fn:142] calls the +~org-babel-execute-src-block~ function, which executes the code in the +block, collects the results, and inserts them in the buffer. + +#+cindex: @samp{CALL}, keyword +#+vindex: org-babel-inline-result-wrap +By calling a named code block[fn:143] from an Org mode buffer or +a table. Org can call the named code blocks from the current Org mode +buffer or from the "Library of Babel" (see [[*Library of Babel]]). + +The syntax for =CALL= keyword is: + +#+begin_example +,#+CALL: () +,#+CALL: []() +#+end_example + +The syntax for inline named code blocks is: + +#+begin_example +... call_() ... +... call_[]()[] ... +#+end_example + +When inline syntax is used, the result is wrapped based on the +variable ~org-babel-inline-result-wrap~, which by default is set to +~"=%s="~ to produce verbatim text suitable for markup. + +- == :: + + This is the name of the code block (see [[*Structure of Code Blocks]]) + to be evaluated in the current document. If the block is located in + another file, start == with the file name followed by + a colon. For example, in order to execute a block named =clear-data= + in =file.org=, you can write the following: + + : #+CALL: file.org:clear-data() + +- == :: + + Org passes arguments to the code block using standard function call + syntax. For example, a =#+CALL:= line that passes =4= to a code + block named =double=, which declares the header argument =:var n=2=, + would be written as: + + : #+CALL: double(n=4) + + #+texinfo: @noindent + Note how this function call syntax is different from the header + argument syntax. + +- == :: + + Org passes inside header arguments to the named code block using the + header argument syntax. Inside header arguments apply to code block + evaluation. For example, =[:results output]= collects results + printed to stdout during code execution of that block. Note how + this header argument syntax is different from the function call + syntax. + +- == :: + + End header arguments affect the results returned by the code block. + For example, =:results html= wraps the results in a =#+BEGIN_EXPORT + html= block before inserting the results in the Org buffer. + +*** Limit code block evaluation +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{eval}, header argument +#+cindex: control code block evaluation +The =eval= header argument can limit evaluation of specific code +blocks and =CALL= keyword. It is useful for protection against +evaluating untrusted code blocks by prompting for a confirmation. + +- =never= or =no= :: + + Org never evaluates the source code. + +- =query= :: + + Org prompts the user for permission to evaluate the source code. + +- =never-export= or =no-export= :: + + Org does not evaluate the source code when exporting, yet the user + can evaluate it interactively. + +- =query-export= :: + + Org prompts the user for permission to evaluate the source code + during export. + +If =eval= header argument is not set, then Org determines whether to +evaluate the source code from the ~org-confirm-babel-evaluate~ +variable (see [[*Code Evaluation and Security Issues]]). + +*** Cache results of evaluation +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{cache}, header argument +#+cindex: cache results of code evaluation +The =cache= header argument is for caching results of evaluating code +blocks. Caching results can avoid re-evaluating a code block that +have not changed since the previous run. To benefit from the cache +and avoid redundant evaluations, the source block must have a result +already present in the buffer, and neither the header +arguments---including the value of =var= references---nor the text of +the block itself has changed since the result was last computed. This +feature greatly helps avoid long-running calculations. For some edge +cases, however, the cached results may not be reliable. + +The caching feature is best for when code blocks are pure functions, +that is functions that return the same value for the same input +arguments (see [[*Environment of a Code Block]]), and that do not have +side effects, and do not rely on external variables other than the +input arguments. Functions that depend on a timer, file system +objects, and random number generators are clearly unsuitable for +caching. + +A note of warning: when =cache= is used in a session, caching may +cause unexpected results. + +When the caching mechanism tests for any source code changes, it does +not expand noweb style references (see [[*Noweb Reference Syntax]]). + +The =cache= header argument can have one of two values: =yes= or =no=. + +- =no= :: + + Default. No caching of results; code block evaluated every time. + +- =yes= :: + + Whether to run the code or return the cached results is determined + by comparing the SHA1 hash value of the combined code block and + arguments passed to it. This hash value is packed on the + =#+RESULTS:= line from previous evaluation. When hash values match, + Org does not evaluate the code block. When hash values mismatch, + Org evaluates the code block, inserts the results, recalculates the + hash value, and updates =#+RESULTS:= line. + +In this example, both functions are cached. But =caller= runs only if +the result from =random= has changed since the last run. + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: random +,#+BEGIN_SRC R :cache yes + runif(1) +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS[a2a72cd647ad44515fab62e144796432793d68e1]: random +0.4659510825295 + +,#+NAME: caller +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=random :cache yes + x +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS[bec9c8724e397d5df3b696502df3ed7892fc4f5f]: caller +0.254227238707244 +#+end_example + +** Results of Evaluation +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Choosing a results type, post-processing... +:END: +#+cindex: code block, results of evaluation +#+cindex: source code, results of evaluation + +#+cindex: @samp{results}, header argument +How Org handles results of a code block execution depends on many +header arguments working together. The primary determinant, however, +is the =results= header argument. It accepts four classes of options. +Each code block can take only one option per class: + +- Collection :: + + For how the results should be collected from the code block; + +- Type :: + + For which type of result the code block will return; affects how Org + processes and inserts results in the Org buffer; + +- Format :: + + For the result; affects how Org processes results; + +- Handling :: + + For inserting results once they are properly formatted. + +*** Collection +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Collection options specify the results. Choose one of the options; +they are mutually exclusive. + +- =value= :: + + Default for most Babel libraries[fn:143]. Functional mode. Org + gets the value by wrapping the code in a function definition in the + language of the source block. That is why when using =:results + value=, code should execute like a function and return a value. For + languages like Python, an explicit ~return~ statement is mandatory + when using =:results value=. Result is the value returned by the + last statement in the code block. + + When evaluating the code block in a session (see [[*Environment of + a Code Block]]), Org passes the code to an interpreter running as an + interactive Emacs inferior process. Org gets the value from the + source code interpreter's last statement output. Org has to use + language-specific methods to obtain the value. For example, from + the variable ~_~ in Ruby, and the value of ~.Last.value~ in R. + +- =output= :: + + Scripting mode. Org passes the code to an external process running + the interpreter. Org returns the contents of the standard output + stream as text results. + + When using a session, Org passes the code to the interpreter running + as an interactive Emacs inferior process. Org concatenates any text + output from the interpreter and returns the collection as a result. + +*** Type +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Type tells what result types to expect from the execution of the code +block. Choose one of the options; they are mutually exclusive. The +default behavior is to automatically determine the result type. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- =table=, =vector= :: + + Interpret the results as an Org table. If the result is a single + value, create a table with one row and one column. Usage example: + =:results value table=. + + #+cindex: @samp{hlines}, header argument + In-between each table row or below the table headings, sometimes + results have horizontal lines, which are also known as "hlines". + The =hlines= argument with the default =no= value strips such lines + from the input table. For most code, this is desirable, or else + those =hline= symbols raise unbound variable errors. A =yes= + accepts such lines, as demonstrated in the following example. + + #+begin_example + ,#+NAME: many-cols + | a | b | c | + |---+---+---| + | d | e | f | + |---+---+---| + | g | h | i | + + ,#+NAME: no-hline + ,#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=many-cols :hlines no + return tab + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: no-hline + | a | b | c | + | d | e | f | + | g | h | i | + + ,#+NAME: hlines + ,#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=many-cols :hlines yes + return tab + ,#+END_SRC + + ,#+RESULTS: hlines + | a | b | c | + |---+---+---| + | d | e | f | + |---+---+---| + | g | h | i | + #+end_example + +- =list= :: + + Interpret the results as an Org list. If the result is a single + value, create a list of one element. + +- =scalar=, =verbatim= :: + + Interpret literally and insert as quoted text. Do not create + a table. Usage example: =:results value verbatim=. + +- =file= :: + + Interpret as a filename. Save the results of execution of the code + block to that file, then insert a link to it. You can control both + the filename and the description associated to the link. + + #+cindex: @samp{file}, header argument + #+cindex: @samp{output-dir}, header argument + Org first tries to generate the filename from the value of the + =file= header argument and the directory specified using the + =output-dir= header arguments. If =output-dir= is not specified, + Org assumes it is the current directory. + + #+begin_example + ,#+BEGIN_SRC asymptote :results value file :file circle.pdf :output-dir img/ + size(2cm); + draw(unitcircle); + ,#+END_SRC + #+end_example + + #+cindex: @samp{file-ext}, header argument + If =file= header argument is missing, Org generates the base name of + the output file from the name of the code block, and its extension + from the =file-ext= header argument. In that case, both the name + and the extension are mandatory. + + #+begin_example + ,#+name: circle + ,#+BEGIN_SRC asymptote :results value file :file-ext pdf + size(2cm); + draw(unitcircle); + ,#+END_SRC + #+end_example + + #+cindex: @samp{file-desc}, header argument + The =file-desc= header argument defines the description (see [[*Link + Format]]) for the link. If =file-desc= is present but has no value, + the =file= value is used as the link description. When this + argument is not present, the description is omitted. If you want to + provide the =file-desc= argument but omit the description, you can + provide it with an empty vector (i.e., :file-desc []). + + #+cindex: @samp{sep}, header argument + By default, Org assumes that a table written to a file has + TAB-delimited output. You can choose a different separator with + the =sep= header argument. + + #+cindex: @samp{file-mode}, header argument + The =file-mode= header argument defines the file permissions. To + make it executable, use =:file-mode (identity #o755)=. + + #+begin_example + ,#+BEGIN_SRC shell :results file :file script.sh :file-mode (identity #o755) + echo "#!/bin/bash" + echo "echo Hello World" + ,#+END_SRC + #+end_example + +*** Format +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Format pertains to the type of the result returned by the code block. +Choose one of the options; they are mutually exclusive. The default +follows from the type specified above. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- =code= :: + + Result enclosed in a code block. Useful for parsing. Usage + example: =:results value code=. + +- =drawer= :: + + Result wrapped in a =RESULTS= drawer. Useful for containing =raw= + or =org= results for later scripting and automated processing. + Usage example: =:results value drawer=. + +- =html= :: + + Results enclosed in a =BEGIN_EXPORT html= block. Usage example: + =:results value html=. + +- =latex= :: + + Results enclosed in a =BEGIN_EXPORT latex= block. Usage example: + =:results value latex=. + +- =link=, =graphics= :: + + When used along with =file= type, the result is a link to the file + specified in =:file= header argument. However, unlike plain =file= + type, nothing is written to the disk. The block is used for its + side-effects only, as in the following example: + + #+begin_example + ,#+begin_src shell :results file link :file "download.tar.gz" + wget -c "https://example.com/download.tar.gz" + ,#+end_src + #+end_example + +- =org= :: + + Results enclosed in a =BEGIN_SRC org= block. For comma-escape, + either {{{kbd(TAB)}}} in the block, or export the file. Usage + example: =:results value org=. + +- =pp= :: + + Result converted to pretty-print source code. Enclosed in a code + block. Languages supported: Emacs Lisp, Python, and Ruby. Usage + example: =:results value pp=. + +- =raw= :: + + Interpreted as raw Org mode. Inserted directly into the buffer. + Aligned if it is a table. Usage example: =:results value raw=. + +#+cindex: @samp{wrap}, header argument +The =wrap= header argument unconditionally marks the results block by +appending strings to =#+BEGIN_= and =#+END_=. If no string is +specified, Org wraps the results in a =#+BEGIN_results= +... =#+END_results= block. It takes precedent over the =results= +value listed above. E.g., + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :results html :wrap EXPORT markdown +"Welcome back to the 90's" +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +,#+BEGIN_EXPORT markdown +Welcome back to the 90's +,#+END_EXPORT +#+end_example + +*** Handling +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Handling options after collecting the results. + +- =replace= :: + + Default. Insert results in the Org buffer. Remove previous + results. Usage example: =:results output replace=. + +- =silent= :: + + Do not insert results in the Org mode buffer, but echo them in the + minibuffer. Usage example: =:results output silent=. + +- =none= :: + + Do not process results at all. No inserting in the Org mode buffer + nor echo them in the minibuffer. Usage example: =:results none=. + +- =append= :: + + Append results to the Org buffer. Latest results are at the bottom. + Does not remove previous results. Usage example: =:results output + append=. + +- =prepend= :: + + Prepend results to the Org buffer. Latest results are at the top. + Does not remove previous results. Usage example: =:results output + prepend=. + +*** Post-processing +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{post}, header argument +#+cindex: @samp{*this*}, in @samp{post} header argument +The =post= header argument is for post-processing results from block +evaluation. When =post= has any value, Org binds the results to +~*this*~ variable for easy passing to =var= header argument +specifications (see [[*Environment of a Code Block]]). That makes results +available to other code blocks, or even for direct Emacs Lisp code +execution. + +The following two examples illustrate =post= header argument in +action. The first one shows how to attach an =ATTR_LATEX= keyword +using =post=. + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: attr_wrap +,#+BEGIN_SRC sh :var data="" :var width="\\textwidth" :results output + echo "#+ATTR_LATEX: :width $width" + echo "$data" +,#+END_SRC + +,#+HEADER: :file /tmp/it.png +,#+BEGIN_SRC dot :post attr_wrap(width="5cm", data=*this*) :results drawer + digraph{ + a -> b; + b -> c; + c -> a; + } +,#+end_src + +,#+RESULTS: +:RESULTS: +,#+ATTR_LATEX :width 5cm +[[file:/tmp/it.png]] +:END: +#+end_example + +The second example shows use of =colnames= header argument in =post= +to pass data between code blocks. + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: round-tbl +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var tbl="" fmt="%.3f" + (mapcar (lambda (row) + (mapcar (lambda (cell) + (if (numberp cell) + (format fmt cell) + cell)) + row)) + tbl) +,#+end_src + +,#+BEGIN_SRC R :colnames yes :post round-tbl[:colnames yes](*this*) + set.seed(42) + data.frame(foo=rnorm(1)) +,#+END_SRC + +,#+RESULTS: +| foo | +|-------| +| 1.371 | +#+end_example + +** Exporting Code Blocks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Export contents and/or results. +:END: +#+cindex: code block, exporting +#+cindex: source code, exporting + +It is possible to export the /code/ of code blocks, the /results/ of +code block evaluation, /both/ the code and the results of code block +evaluation, or /none/. Org defaults to exporting /code/ for most +languages. For some languages, such as ditaa, Org defaults to +/results/. To export just the body of code blocks, see [[*Literal +Examples]]. To selectively export sub-trees of an Org document, see +[[*Exporting]]. + +#+cindex: @samp{exports}, header argument +The =exports= header argument is to specify if that part of the Org +file is exported to, say, HTML or LaTeX formats. + +- =code= :: + + The default. The body of code is included into the exported file. + Example: =:exports code=. + +- =results= :: + + The results of evaluation of the code is included in the exported + file. Example: =:exports results=. + +- =both= :: + + Both the code and results of evaluation are included in the exported + file. Example: =:exports both=. + +- =none= :: + + Neither the code nor the results of evaluation is included in the + exported file. Whether the code is evaluated at all depends on + other options. Example: =:exports none=. + +#+vindex: org-export-use-babel +To stop Org from evaluating code blocks to speed exports, use the +header argument =:eval never-export= (see [[*Evaluating Code Blocks]]). +To stop Org from evaluating code blocks for greater security, set the +~org-export-use-babel~ variable to ~nil~, but understand that header +arguments will have no effect. + +Turning off evaluation comes in handy when batch processing. For +example, markup languages for wikis, which have a high risk of +untrusted code. Stopping code block evaluation also stops evaluation +of all header arguments of the code block. This may not be desirable +in some circumstances. So during export, to allow evaluation of just +the header arguments but not any code evaluation in the source block, +set =:eval never-export= (see [[*Evaluating Code Blocks]]). + +Org never evaluates code blocks in commented sub-trees when exporting +(see [[*Comment Lines]]). On the other hand, Org does evaluate code +blocks in sub-trees excluded from export (see [[*Export Settings]]). + +** Extracting Source Code +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Create pure source code files. +:END: +#+cindex: tangling +#+cindex: source code, extracting +#+cindex: code block, extracting source code + +Extracting source code from code blocks is a basic task in literate +programming. Org has features to make this easy. In literate +programming parlance, documents on creation are /woven/ with code and +documentation, and on export, the code is tangled for execution by +a computer. Org facilitates weaving and tangling for producing, +maintaining, sharing, and exporting literate programming documents. +Org provides extensive customization options for extracting source +code. + +When Org tangles code blocks, it expands, merges, and transforms them. +Then Org recomposes them into one or more separate files, as +configured through the options. During this tangling process, Org +expands variables in the source code, and resolves any noweb style +references (see [[*Noweb Reference Syntax]]). + +*** Header arguments +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+cindex: @samp{tangle}, header argument +The =tangle= header argument specifies if the code block is exported +to source file(s). + +- =yes= :: + + Export the code block to source file. The file name for the source + file is derived from the name of the Org file, and the file + extension is derived from the source code language identifier. + Example: =:tangle yes=. + +- =no= :: + + The default. Do not extract the code in a source code file. + Example: =:tangle no=. + +- {{{var(FILENAME)}}} :: + + Export the code block to source file whose file name is derived from + any string passed to the =tangle= header argument. Org derives the + file name as being relative to the directory of the Org file's + location. Example: =:tangle FILENAME=. + +#+cindex: @samp{mkdirp}, header argument +The =mkdirp= header argument creates parent directories for tangled +files if the directory does not exist. A =yes= value enables +directory creation whereas =no= inhibits it. + +#+cindex: @samp{comments}, header argument +The =comments= header argument controls inserting comments into +tangled files. These are above and beyond whatever comments may +already exist in the code block. + +- =no= :: + + The default. Do not insert any extra comments during tangling. + +- =link= :: + + Wrap the code block in comments. Include links pointing back to the + place in the Org file from where the code was tangled. + +- =yes= :: + + Kept for backward compatibility; same as =link=. + +- =org= :: + + Nearest headline text from Org file is inserted as comment. The + exact text that is inserted is picked from the leading context of + the source block. + +- =both= :: + + Includes both =link= and =org= options. + +- =noweb= :: + + Includes =link= option, expands noweb references (see [[*Noweb + Reference Syntax]]), and wraps them in link comments inside the body + of the code block. + +#+cindex: @samp{padline}, header argument +The =padline= header argument controls insertion of newlines to pad +source code in the tangled file. + +- =yes= :: + + Default. Insert a newline before and after each code block in the + tangled file. + +- =no= :: + + Do not insert newlines to pad the tangled code blocks. + +#+cindex: @samp{shebang}, header argument +The =shebang= header argument can turn results into executable script +files. By setting it to a string value---for example, =:shebang +"#!/bin/bash"=---Org inserts that string as the first line of the +tangled file that the code block is extracted to. Org then turns on +the tangled file's executable permission. + +#+cindex: @samp{tangle-mode}, header argument +The =tangle-mode= header argument specifies what permissions to set +for tangled files by ~set-file-modes~. For example, to make +a read-only tangled file, use =:tangle-mode (identity #o444)=. To +make it executable, use =:tangle-mode (identity #o755)=. It also +overrides executable permission granted by =shebang=. When multiple +source code blocks tangle to a single file with different and +conflicting =tangle-mode= header arguments, Org's behavior is +undefined. + +#+cindex: @samp{no-expand}, header argument +By default Org expands code blocks during tangling. The =no-expand= +header argument turns off such expansions. Note that one side-effect +of expansion by ~org-babel-expand-src-block~ also assigns values (see +[[*Environment of a Code Block]]) to variables. Expansions also replace +noweb references with their targets (see [[*Noweb Reference Syntax]]). +Some of these expansions may cause premature assignment, hence this +option. This option makes a difference only for tangling. It has no +effect when exporting since code blocks for execution have to be +expanded anyway. + +*** Functions +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- ~org-babel-tangle~ :: + + #+findex: org-babel-tangle + #+kindex: C-c C-v t + Tangle the current file. Bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-v t)}}}. + + With prefix argument only tangle the current code block. + +- ~org-babel-tangle-file~ :: + + #+findex: org-babel-tangle-file + #+kindex: C-c C-v f + Choose a file to tangle. Bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-v f)}}}. + +*** Tangle hooks +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- ~org-babel-post-tangle-hook~ :: + + #+vindex: org-babel-post-tangle-hook + This hook is run from within code files tangled by + ~org-babel-tangle~, making it suitable for post-processing, + compilation, and evaluation of code in the tangled files. + +*** Jumping between code and Org +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +#+findex: org-babel-tangle-jump-to-org +Debuggers normally link errors and messages back to the source code. +But for tangled files, we want to link back to the Org file, not to +the tangled source file. To make this extra jump, Org uses +~org-babel-tangle-jump-to-org~ function with two additional source +code block header arguments: + +1. Set =padline= to true---this is the default setting. +2. Set =comments= to =link=, which makes Org insert links to the Org + file. + +** Languages +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: List of supported code block languages. +:END: +#+cindex: babel, languages +#+cindex: source code, languages +#+cindex: code block, languages + +Code blocks in dozens of languages are supported. See Worg for +[[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/languages/index.html][language specific documentation]]. + +#+vindex: org-babel-load-languages +By default, only Emacs Lisp is enabled for evaluation. To enable or +disable other languages, customize the ~org-babel-load-languages~ +variable either through the Emacs customization interface, or by +adding code to the init file as shown next. + +In this example, evaluation is disabled for Emacs Lisp, and enabled +for R. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(org-babel-do-load-languages + 'org-babel-load-languages + '((emacs-lisp . nil) + (R . t))) +#+end_src + +Note that this is not the only way to enable a language. Org also +enables languages when loaded with ~require~ statement. For example, +the following enables execution of Clojure code blocks: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(require 'ob-clojure) +#+end_src + +** Editing Source Code +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Language major-mode editing. +:END: +#+cindex: code block, editing +#+cindex: source code, editing + +#+kindex: C-c ' +Use {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} to edit the current code block. It opens a new +major mode edit buffer containing the body of the source code block, +ready for any edits. Use {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} again to close the buffer +and return to the Org buffer. + +#+kindex: C-x C-s +#+vindex: org-edit-src-auto-save-idle-delay +#+cindex: auto-save, in code block editing +{{{kbd(C-x C-s)}}} saves the buffer and updates the contents of the +Org buffer. Set ~org-edit-src-auto-save-idle-delay~ to save the base +buffer after a certain idle delay time. Set +~org-edit-src-turn-on-auto-save~ to auto-save this buffer into +a separate file using Auto-save mode. + +While editing the source code in the major mode, the Org Src minor +mode remains active. It provides these customization variables as +described below. For even more variables, look in the customization +group ~org-edit-structure~. + +- ~org-src-lang-modes~ :: + + #+vindex: org-src-lang-modes + If an Emacs major-mode named ~-mode~ exists, where + {{{var()}}} is the language identifier from code block's + header line, then the edit buffer uses that major mode. Use this + variable to arbitrarily map language identifiers to major modes. + +- ~org-src-window-setup~ :: + + #+vindex: org-src-window-setup + For specifying Emacs window arrangement when the new edit buffer is + created. + +- ~org-src-preserve-indentation~ :: + + #+cindex: indentation, in code blocks + #+vindex: org-src-preserve-indentation + Default is ~nil~. Source code is indented. This indentation + applies during export or tangling, and depending on the context, may + alter leading spaces and tabs. When non-~nil~, source code is + aligned with the leftmost column. No lines are modified during + export or tangling, which is very useful for white-space sensitive + languages, such as Python. + +- ~org-src-ask-before-returning-to-edit-buffer~ :: + + #+vindex: org-src-ask-before-returning-to-edit-buffer + When ~nil~, Org returns to the edit buffer without further prompts. + The default prompts for a confirmation. + +#+vindex: org-src-fontify-natively +#+vindex: org-src-block-faces +Set ~org-src-fontify-natively~ to non-~nil~ to turn on native code +fontification in the /Org/ buffer. Fontification of code blocks can +give visual separation of text and code on the display page. To +further customize the appearance of ~org-block~ for specific +languages, customize ~org-src-block-faces~. The following example +shades the background of regular blocks, and colors source blocks only +for Python and Emacs Lisp languages. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(require 'color) +(set-face-attribute 'org-block nil :background + (color-darken-name + (face-attribute 'default :background) 3)) + +(setq org-src-block-faces '(("emacs-lisp" (:background "#EEE2FF")) + ("python" (:background "#E5FFB8")))) +#+end_src + +** Noweb Reference Syntax +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Literate programming in Org mode. +:END: +#+cindex: code block, noweb reference +#+cindex: syntax, noweb +#+cindex: source code, noweb reference + +#+cindex: @samp{noweb-ref}, header argument +Source code blocks can include references to other source code blocks, +using a noweb[fn:144] style syntax: + +: <> + +#+texinfo: @noindent +where {{{var(CODE-BLOCK-ID)}}} refers to either the =NAME= of a single +source code block, or a collection of one or more source code blocks +sharing the same =noweb-ref= header argument (see [[*Using Header +Arguments]]). Org can replace such references with the source code of +the block or blocks being referenced, or, in the case of a single +source code block named with =NAME=, with the results of an evaluation +of that block. + +#+cindex: @samp{noweb}, header argument +The =noweb= header argument controls expansion of noweb syntax +references. Expansions occur when source code blocks are evaluated, +tangled, or exported. + +- =no= :: + + Default. No expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the + code when evaluating, tangling, or exporting. + +- =yes= :: + + Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block + when evaluating, tangling, or exporting. + +- =tangle= :: + + Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block + when tangling. No expansion when evaluating or exporting. + +- =no-export= :: + + Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block + when evaluating or tangling. No expansion when exporting. + +- =strip-export= :: + + Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block + when expanding prior to evaluating or tangling. Removes noweb + syntax references when exporting. + +- =eval= :: + + Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block + only before evaluating. + +In the most simple case, the contents of a single source block is +inserted within other blocks. Thus, in following example, + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: initialization +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (setq sentence "Never a foot too far, even.") +,#+END_SRC + +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes + <> + (reverse sentence) +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +the second code block is expanded as + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes + (setq sentence "Never a foot too far, even.") + (reverse sentence) +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +You may also include the contents of multiple blocks sharing a common +=noweb-ref= header argument, which can be set at the file, sub-tree, +or code block level. In the example Org file shown next, the body of +the source code in each block is extracted for concatenation to a pure +code file when tangled. + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle yes :noweb yes :shebang #!/bin/sh + <> +,#+END_SRC +,* the mount point of the fullest disk + :PROPERTIES: + :header-args: :noweb-ref fullest-disk + :END: + +,** query all mounted disks +,#+BEGIN_SRC sh + df \ +,#+END_SRC + +,** strip the header row +,#+BEGIN_SRC sh + |sed '1d' \ +,#+END_SRC + +,** output mount point of fullest disk +,#+BEGIN_SRC sh + |awk '{if (u < +$5) {u = +$5; m = $6}} END {print m}' +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+cindex: @samp{noweb-sep}, header argument +By default a newline separates each noweb reference concatenation. To +use a different separator, edit the =noweb-sep= header argument. + +Alternatively, Org can include the results of evaluation of a single +code block rather than its body. Evaluation occurs when parentheses, +possibly including arguments, are appended to the code block name, as +shown below. + +: <> + +Note that in this case, a code block name set by =NAME= keyword is +required; the reference set by =noweb-ref= will not work when +evaluation is desired. + +Here is an example that demonstrates how the exported content changes +when noweb style references are used with parentheses versus without. +Given: + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: some-code +,#+BEGIN_SRC python :var num=0 :results output :exports none + print(num*10) +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +this code block: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC text :noweb yes + <> +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +expands to: + +: print(num*10) + +Below, a similar noweb style reference is used, but with parentheses, +while setting a variable =num= to 10: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC text :noweb yes + <> +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Note that the expansion now contains the results of the code block +=some-code=, not the code block itself: + +: 100 + +Noweb insertions honor prefix characters that appear before the noweb +syntax reference. This behavior is illustrated in the following +example. Because the =<>= noweb reference appears behind the +SQL comment syntax, each line of the expanded noweb reference is +commented. With: + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: example +,#+BEGIN_SRC text + this is the + multi-line body of example +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +this code block: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC sql :noweb yes + ---<> +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +expands to: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN_SRC sql :noweb yes + ---this is the + ---multi-line body of example +,#+END_SRC +#+end_example + +Since this change does not affect noweb replacement text without +newlines in them, inline noweb references are acceptable. + +This feature can also be used for management of indentation in +exported code snippets. With: + +#+begin_example +,#+NAME: if-true +,#+BEGIN_SRC python :exports none + print('do things when true') +,#+end_src + +,#+name: if-false +,#+begin_src python :exports none + print('do things when false') +,#+end_src +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +this code block: + +#+begin_example +,#+begin_src python :noweb yes :results output + if true: + <> + else: + <> +,#+end_src +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +expands to: + +#+begin_example +if true: + print('do things when true') +else: + print('do things when false') +#+end_example + +When in doubt about the outcome of a source code block expansion, you +can preview the results with the following command: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-v v)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-v)}}} (~org-babel-expand-src-block~) :: + + #+findex: org-babel-expand-src-block + #+kindex: C-c C-v v + #+kindex: C-c C-v C-v + Expand the current source code block according to its header + arguments and pop open the results in a preview buffer. + +** Library of Babel +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Use and contribute to a library of useful code blocks. +:END: +#+cindex: babel, library of +#+cindex: source code, library +#+cindex: code block, library + +The "Library of Babel" is a collection of code blocks. Like +a function library, these code blocks can be called from other Org +files. A collection of useful code blocks is available on [[https://orgmode.org/worg/library-of-babel.html][Worg]]. For +remote code block evaluation syntax, see [[*Evaluating Code Blocks]]. + +#+kindex: C-c C-v i +#+findex: org-babel-lob-ingest +For any user to add code to the library, first save the code in +regular code blocks of an Org file, and then load the Org file with +~org-babel-lob-ingest~, which is bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-v i)}}}. + +** Key bindings and Useful Functions +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Work quickly with code blocks. +:END: +#+cindex: code block, key bindings + +Many common Org mode key sequences are re-bound depending on +the context. + +Active key bindings in code blocks: + +#+kindex: C-c C-c +#+findex: org-babel-execute-src-block +#+kindex: C-c C-o +#+findex: org-babel-open-src-block-result +#+kindex: M-UP +#+findex: org-babel-load-in-session +#+kindex: M-DOWN +#+findex: org-babel-pop-to-session +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.55 +| Key binding | Function | +|--------------------+-----------------------------------| +| {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} | ~org-babel-execute-src-block~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} | ~org-babel-open-src-block-result~ | +| {{{kbd(M-UP)}}} | ~org-babel-load-in-session~ | +| {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} | ~org-babel-pop-to-session~ | + +Active key bindings in Org mode buffer: + +#+kindex: C-c C-v p +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-p +#+kindex: C-c C-v n +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-n +#+kindex: C-c C-v e +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-e +#+kindex: C-c C-v o +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-o +#+kindex: C-c C-v v +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-v +#+kindex: C-c C-v u +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-u +#+kindex: C-c C-v g +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-g +#+kindex: C-c C-v r +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-r +#+kindex: C-c C-v b +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-b +#+kindex: C-c C-v s +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-s +#+kindex: C-c C-v d +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-d +#+kindex: C-c C-v t +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-t +#+kindex: C-c C-v f +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-f +#+kindex: C-c C-v c +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-c +#+kindex: C-c C-v j +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-j +#+kindex: C-c C-v l +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-l +#+kindex: C-c C-v i +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-i +#+kindex: C-c C-v I +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-I +#+kindex: C-c C-v z +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-z +#+kindex: C-c C-v a +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-a +#+kindex: C-c C-v h +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-h +#+kindex: C-c C-v x +#+kindex: C-c C-v C-x +#+findex: org-babel-previous-src-block +#+findex: org-babel-next-src-block +#+findex: org-babel-execute-maybe +#+findex: org-babel-open-src-block-result +#+findex: org-babel-expand-src-block +#+findex: org-babel-goto-src-block-head +#+findex: org-babel-goto-named-src-block +#+findex: org-babel-goto-named-result +#+findex: org-babel-execute-buffer +#+findex: org-babel-execute-subtree +#+findex: org-babel-demarcate-block +#+findex: org-babel-tangle +#+findex: org-babel-tangle-file +#+findex: org-babel-check-src-block +#+findex: org-babel-insert-header-arg +#+findex: org-babel-load-in-session +#+findex: org-babel-lob-ingest +#+findex: org-babel-view-src-block-info +#+findex: org-babel-switch-to-session-with-code +#+findex: org-babel-sha1-hash +#+findex: org-babel-describe-bindings +#+findex: org-babel-do-key-sequence-in-edit-buffer +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.45 0.55 +| Key binding | Function | +|------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------| +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v p)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-p)}}} | ~org-babel-previous-src-block~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v n)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-n)}}} | ~org-babel-next-src-block~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v e)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-e)}}} | ~org-babel-execute-maybe~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v o)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-o)}}} | ~org-babel-open-src-block-result~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v v)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-v)}}} | ~org-babel-expand-src-block~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v u)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-u)}}} | ~org-babel-goto-src-block-head~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v g)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-g)}}} | ~org-babel-goto-named-src-block~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v r)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-r)}}} | ~org-babel-goto-named-result~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v b)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-b)}}} | ~org-babel-execute-buffer~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v s)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-s)}}} | ~org-babel-execute-subtree~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v d)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-d)}}} | ~org-babel-demarcate-block~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v t)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-t)}}} | ~org-babel-tangle~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v f)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-f)}}} | ~org-babel-tangle-file~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v c)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-c)}}} | ~org-babel-check-src-block~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v j)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-j)}}} | ~org-babel-insert-header-arg~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v l)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-l)}}} | ~org-babel-load-in-session~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v i)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-i)}}} | ~org-babel-lob-ingest~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v I)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-I)}}} | ~org-babel-view-src-block-info~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v z)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-z)}}} | ~org-babel-switch-to-session-with-code~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v a)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-a)}}} | ~org-babel-sha1-hash~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v h)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-h)}}} | ~org-babel-describe-bindings~ | +| {{{kbd(C-c C-v x)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-x)}}} | ~org-babel-do-key-sequence-in-edit-buffer~ | + +** Batch Execution +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Call functions from the command line. +:END: +#+cindex: code block, batch execution +#+cindex: source code, batch execution + +Org mode features, including working with source code facilities can +be invoked from the command line. This enables building shell scripts +for batch processing, running automated system tasks, and expanding +Org mode's usefulness. + +The sample script shows batch processing of multiple files using +~org-babel-tangle~. + +#+begin_example +#!/bin/sh +# Tangle files with Org mode +# +emacs -Q --batch --eval " + (progn + (require 'ob-tangle) + (dolist (file command-line-args-left) + (with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect file) + (org-babel-tangle)))) + " "$@" +#+end_example + +* Miscellaneous +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere. +:END: + +** Completion +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} guesses completions. +:END: +#+cindex: completion, of @TeX{} symbols +#+cindex: completion, of TODO keywords +#+cindex: completion, of dictionary words +#+cindex: completion, of option keywords +#+cindex: completion, of tags +#+cindex: completion, of property keys +#+cindex: completion, of link abbreviations +#+cindex: @TeX{} symbol completion +#+cindex: TODO keywords completion +#+cindex: dictionary word completion +#+cindex: option keyword completion +#+cindex: tag completion +#+cindex: link abbreviations, completion of + +Org has in-buffer completions. Unlike minibuffer completions, which +are useful for quick command interactions, Org's in-buffer completions +are more suitable for content creation in Org documents. Type one or +more letters and invoke the hot key to complete the text in-place. +Depending on the context and the keys, Org offers different types of +completions. No minibuffer is involved. Such mode-specific hot keys +have become an integral part of Emacs and Org provides several +shortcuts. + +- {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} :: + #+kindex: M-TAB + + Complete word at point. + + - At the beginning of an empty headline, complete TODO keywords. + + - After =\=, complete TeX symbols supported by the exporter. + + - After =:= in a headline, complete tags. Org deduces the list of + tags from the =TAGS= in-buffer option (see [[*Setting Tags]]), the + variable ~org-tag-alist~, or from all tags used in the current + buffer. + + - After =:= and not in a headline, complete property keys. The list + of keys is constructed dynamically from all keys used in the + current buffer. + + - After =[[=, complete link abbreviations (see [[*Link Abbreviations]]). + + - After =[[*=, complete headlines in the current buffer so that they + can be used in search links like: =[[*find this headline]]= + + - After =#+=, complete the special keywords like =TYP_TODO= or + file-specific =OPTIONS=. After option keyword is complete, + pressing {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} again inserts example settings for this + keyword. + + - After =STARTUP= keyword, complete startup items. + + - When point is anywhere else, complete dictionary words using + Ispell. + +** Structure Templates +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Quick insertion of structural elements. +:END: +#+cindex: template insertion +#+cindex: insertion, of templates + +With just a few keystrokes, it is possible to insert empty structural +blocks, such as =#+BEGIN_SRC= ... =#+END_SRC=, or to wrap existing +text in such a block. + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-\,)}}} (~org-insert-structure-template~) :: + + #+findex: org-insert-structure-template + #+kindex: C-c C-, + Prompt for a type of block structure, and insert the block at point. + If the region is active, it is wrapped in the block. First prompts + the user for keys, which are used to look up a structure type from + the variable below. If the key is {{{kbd(TAB)}}}, {{{kbd(RET)}}}, + or {{{kbd(SPC)}}}, the user is prompted to enter a block type. + +#+vindex: org-structure-template-alist +Available structure types are defined in +~org-structure-template-alist~, see the docstring for adding or +changing values. + +#+cindex: Tempo +#+cindex: template expansion +#+cindex: insertion, of templates +#+vindex: org-tempo-keywords-alist +Org Tempo expands snippets to structures defined in +~org-structure-template-alist~ and ~org-tempo-keywords-alist~. For +example, {{{kbd(< s TAB)}}} creates a code block. Enable it by +customizing ~org-modules~ or add =(require 'org-tempo)= to your Emacs +init file[fn:145]. + +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.1 0.9 +| {{{kbd(a)}}} | =#+BEGIN_EXPORT ascii= ... =#+END_EXPORT= | +| {{{kbd(c)}}} | =#+BEGIN_CENTER= ... =#+END_CENTER= | +| {{{kbd(C)}}} | =#+BEGIN_COMMENT= ... =#+END_COMMENT= | +| {{{kbd(e)}}} | =#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE= ... =#+END_EXAMPLE= | +| {{{kbd(E)}}} | =#+BEGIN_EXPORT= ... =#+END_EXPORT= | +| {{{kbd(h)}}} | =#+BEGIN_EXPORT html= ... =#+END_EXPORT= | +| {{{kbd(l)}}} | =#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex= ... =#+END_EXPORT= | +| {{{kbd(q)}}} | =#+BEGIN_QUOTE= ... =#+END_QUOTE= | +| {{{kbd(s)}}} | =#+BEGIN_SRC= ... =#+END_SRC= | +| {{{kbd(v)}}} | =#+BEGIN_VERSE= ... =#+END_VERSE= | + +** Speed Keys +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Electric commands at the beginning of a headline. +:END: +#+cindex: speed keys + +Single keystrokes can execute custom commands in an Org file when +point is on a headline. Without the extra burden of a meta or +modifier key, Speed Keys can speed navigation or execute custom +commands. Besides faster navigation, Speed Keys may come in handy on +small mobile devices that do not have full keyboards. Speed Keys may +also work on TTY devices known for their problems when entering Emacs +key chords. + +#+vindex: org-use-speed-commands +By default, Org has Speed Keys disabled. To activate Speed Keys, set +the variable ~org-use-speed-commands~ to a non-~nil~ value. To +trigger a Speed Key, point must be at the beginning of an Org +headline, before any of the stars. + +#+vindex: org-speed-commands +#+findex: org-speed-command-help +Org comes with a pre-defined list of Speed Keys. To add or modify +Speed Keys, customize the option ~org-speed-commands~. For more +details, see the variable's docstring. With Speed Keys activated, +{{{kbd(M-x org-speed-command-help)}}}, or {{{kbd(?)}}} when point is at the +beginning of an Org headline, shows currently active Speed Keys, +including the user-defined ones. + +** A Cleaner Outline View +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline. +:ALT_TITLE: Clean View +:END: +#+cindex: hiding leading stars +#+cindex: dynamic indentation +#+cindex: odd-levels-only outlines +#+cindex: clean outline view + +Org's outline with stars and no indents can look cluttered for short +documents. For /book-like/ long documents, the effect is not as +noticeable. Org provides an alternate stars and indentation scheme, +as shown on the right in the following table. It displays only one +star and indents text to line up with the heading: + +#+begin_example +,* Top level headline | * Top level headline +,** Second level | * Second level +,*** Third level | * Third level +some text | some text +,*** Third level | * Third level +more text | more text +,* Another top level headline | * Another top level headline +#+end_example + +Org can achieve this in two ways, (1) by just displaying the buffer in +this way without changing it, or (2) by actually indenting every line +in the desired amount with hard spaces and hiding leading stars. + +*** Org Indent Mode + +#+cindex: Indent mode +#+findex: org-indent-mode +To display the buffer in the indented view, activate Org Indent minor +mode, using {{{kbd(M-x org-indent-mode)}}}. Text lines that are not +headlines are prefixed with virtual spaces to vertically align with +the headline text[fn:146]. + +#+vindex: org-indent-indentation-per-level +To make more horizontal space, the headlines are shifted by two +characters. Configure ~org-indent-indentation-per-level~ variable for +a different number. + +#+vindex: org-indent-mode-turns-on-hiding-stars +#+vindex: org-indent-mode-turns-off-org-adapt-indentation +By default, Org Indent mode turns off ~org-adapt-indentation~ and does +hide leading stars by locally setting ~org-hide-leading-stars~ to ~t~: +only one star on each headline is visible, the rest are masked with +the same font color as the background. If you want to customize this +default behavior, see ~org-indent-mode-turns-on-hiding-stars~ and +~org-indent-mode-turns-off-org-adapt-indentation~. + +#+vindex: org-startup-indented +To globally turn on Org Indent mode for all files, customize the +variable ~org-startup-indented~. To control it for individual files, +use =STARTUP= keyword as follows: + +: #+STARTUP: indent +: #+STARTUP: noindent + +*** Hard indentation + +It is possible to use hard spaces to achieve the indentation instead, +if the bare ASCII file should have the indented look also outside +Emacs[fn:147]. With Org's support, you have to indent all lines to +line up with the outline headers. You would use these +settings[fn:148]: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-adapt-indentation t + org-hide-leading-stars t + org-odd-levels-only t) +#+end_src + +- /Indentation of text below headlines/ (~org-adapt-indentation~) :: + + #+vindex: org-adapt-indentation + The first setting modifies paragraph filling, line wrapping, and + structure editing commands to preserving or adapting the indentation + as appropriate. + +- /Hiding leading stars/ (~org-hide-leading-stars~) :: + + #+vindex: org-hide-leading-stars + #+vindex: org-hide, face + The second setting makes leading stars invisible by applying the + face ~org-hide~ to them. For per-file preference, use these file + =STARTUP= options: + + #+begin_example + ,#+STARTUP: hidestars + ,#+STARTUP: showstars + #+end_example + +- /Odd levels/ (~org-odd-levels-only~) :: + + #+vindex: org-odd-levels-only + The third setting makes Org use only odd levels, 1, 3, 5, ..., in + the outline to create more indentation. On a per-file level, + control this with: + + #+begin_example + ,#+STARTUP: odd + ,#+STARTUP: oddeven + #+end_example + + To convert a file between single and double stars layouts, use + {{{kbd(M-x org-convert-to-odd-levels)}}} and {{{kbd(M-x + org-convert-to-oddeven-levels)}}}. + +** Execute commands in the active region +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Execute commands on multiple items in Org or agenda view. +:END: + +#+vindex: org-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region +When in an Org buffer and the region is active, some commands will +apply to all the subtrees in the active region. For example, hitting +{{{kbd(C-c C-s)}}} when multiple headlines are within the active region will +successively prompt you for a new schedule date and time. To disable +this, set the option ~org-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region~ to +non-~t~, activate the region and run the command normally. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region +~org-agenda-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region~ is the equivalent +option of the agenda buffer, where you can also use [[*Bulk remote editing selected entries][bulk editing of +selected entries]]. + +Not all commands can loop in the active region and what subtrees or +headlines are considered can be refined: see the docstrings of these +options for more details. + +** Dynamic Headline Numbering +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Display and update outline numbering. +:END: + +#+cindex: Org Num mode +#+cindex: number headlines +The Org Num minor mode, toggled with {{{kbd(M-x org-num-mode)}}}, +displays outline numbering on top of headlines. It also updates it +automatically upon changes to the structure of the document. + +#+vindex: org-num-max-level +#+vindex: org-num-skip-tags +#+vindex: org-num-skip-commented +#+vindex: org-num-skip-unnumbered +By default, all headlines are numbered. You can limit numbering to +specific headlines according to their level, tags, =COMMENT= keyword, +or =UNNUMBERED= property. Set ~org-num-max-level~, +~org-num-skip-tags~, ~org-num-skip-commented~, +~org-num-skip-unnumbered~, or ~org-num-skip-footnotes~ accordingly. + +#+vindex: org-num-skip-footnotes +If ~org-num-skip-footnotes~ is non-~nil~, footnotes sections (see +[[*Creating Footnotes]]) are not numbered either. + +#+vindex: org-num-face +#+vindex: org-num-format-function +You can control how the numbering is displayed by setting +~org-num-face~ and ~org-num-format-function~. + +#+vindex: org-startup-numerated +You can also turn this mode globally for all Org files by setting the +option ~org-startup-numerated~ to =t=, or locally on a file by using +=#+startup: num=. + +** The Very Busy {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} Key +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: When in doubt, press @kbd{C-c C-c}. +:END: +#+kindex: C-c C-c +#+cindex: @kbd{C-c C-c}, overview + +The {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} key in Org serves many purposes depending on +the context. It is probably the most over-worked, multi-purpose key +combination in Org. Its uses are well documented throughout this +manual, but here is a consolidated list for easy reference. + +- If column view (see [[*Column View]]) is on, exit column view. + +- If any highlights shown in the buffer from the creation of a sparse + tree, or from clock display, remove such highlights. + +- If point is in one of the special =KEYWORD= lines, scan the buffer + for these lines and update the information. Also reset the Org file + cache used to temporary store the contents of URLs used as values + for keywords like =SETUPFILE=. + +- If point is inside a table, realign the table. + +- If point is on a =TBLFM= keyword, re-apply the formulas to the + entire table. + +- If the current buffer is a capture buffer, close the note and file + it. With a prefix argument, also jump to the target location after + saving the note. + +- If point is on a =<<>>=, update radio targets and + corresponding links in this buffer. + +- If point is on a property line or at the start or end of a property + drawer, offer property commands. + +- If point is at a footnote reference, go to the corresponding + definition, and /vice versa/. + +- If point is on a statistics cookie, update it. + +- If point is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the status + of the checkbox. + +- If point is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the ordered + list. + +- If point is on the =#+BEGIN= line of a dynamic block, the block is + updated. + +- If point is at a timestamp, fix the day name in the timestamp. + +** Summary of In-Buffer Settings +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Overview of keywords. +:ALT_TITLE: In-buffer Settings +:END: +#+cindex: in-buffer settings +#+cindex: special keywords + +In-buffer settings start with =#+=, followed by a keyword, a colon, +and then a word for each setting. Org accepts multiple settings on +the same line. Org also accepts multiple lines for a keyword. This +manual describes these settings throughout. A summary follows here. + +#+cindex: refresh set-up +{{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} activates any changes to the in-buffer settings. +Closing and reopening the Org file in Emacs also activates the +changes. + +#+attr_texinfo: :sep , +- =#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{ARCHIVE}, keyword + #+vindex: org-archive-location + Sets the archive location of the agenda file. The corresponding + variable is ~org-archive-location~. + +- =#+CATEGORY= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{CATEGORY}, keyword + Sets the category of the agenda file, which applies to the entire + document. + +- =#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM ...= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{COLUMNS}, property + Set the default format for columns view. This format applies when + columns view is invoked in locations where no =COLUMNS= property + applies. + +- =#+CONSTANTS: name1=value1 ...= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{CONSTANTS}, keyword + #+vindex: org-table-formula-constants + #+vindex: org-table-formula + Set file-local values for constants that table formulas can use. + This line sets the local variable + ~org-table-formula-constants-local~. The global version of this + variable is ~org-table-formula-constants~. + +- =#+FILETAGS: :tag1:tag2:tag3:= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{FILETAGS}, keyword + Set tags that all entries in the file inherit from, including the + top-level entries. + +- =#+LINK: linkword replace= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{LINK}, keyword + #+vindex: org-link-abbrev-alist + Each line specifies one abbreviation for one link. Use multiple + =LINK= keywords for more, see [[*Link Abbreviations]]. The + corresponding variable is ~org-link-abbrev-alist~. + +- =#+PRIORITIES: highest lowest default= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{PRIORITIES}, keyword + #+vindex: org-priority-highest + #+vindex: org-priority-lowest + #+vindex: org-priority-default + This line sets the limits and the default for the priorities. All + three must be either letters A--Z or numbers 0--9. The highest + priority must have a lower ASCII number than the lowest priority. + +- =#+PROPERTY: Property_Name Value= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{PROPERTY}, keyword + This line sets a default inheritance value for entries in the + current buffer, most useful for specifying the allowed values of + a property. + +- =#+SETUPFILE: file= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SETUPFILE}, keyword + The setup file or a URL pointing to such file is for additional + in-buffer settings. Org loads this file and parses it for any + settings in it only when Org opens the main file. If URL is + specified, the contents are downloaded and stored in a temporary + file cache. {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} on the settings line parses and + loads the file, and also resets the temporary file cache. Org also + parses and loads the document during normal exporting process. Org + parses the contents of this document as if it was included in the + buffer. It can be another Org file. To visit the file---not + a URL---use {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} while point is on the line with the + file name. + +- =#+STARTUP:= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{STARTUP}, keyword + Startup options Org uses when first visiting a file. + + #+vindex: org-startup-folded + The first set of options deals with the initial visibility of the + outline tree. The corresponding variable for global default + settings is ~org-startup-folded~ with a default value of + ~showeverything~. + + | =overview= | Top-level headlines only. | + | =content= | All headlines. | + | =showall= | No folding on any entry. | + | =show2levels= | Headline levels 1-2. | + | =show3levels= | Headline levels 1-3. | + | =show4levels= | Headline levels 1-4. | + | =show5levels= | Headline levels 1-5. | + | =showeverything= | Show even drawer contents. | + + #+vindex: org-startup-indented + Dynamic virtual indentation is controlled by the variable + ~org-startup-indented~[fn:149]. + + | =indent= | Start with Org Indent mode turned on. | + | =noindent= | Start with Org Indent mode turned off. | + + #+vindex: org-startup-numerated + Dynamic virtual numeration of headlines is controlled by the variable + ~org-startup-numerated~. + + | =num= | Start with Org num mode turned on. | + | =nonum= | Start with Org num mode turned off. | + + #+vindex: org-startup-align-all-tables + Aligns tables consistently upon visiting a file. The + corresponding variable is ~org-startup-align-all-tables~ with + ~nil~ as default value. + + | =align= | Align all tables. | + | =noalign= | Do not align tables on startup. | + + #+vindex: org-startup-shrink-all-tables + Shrink table columns with a width cookie. The corresponding + variable is ~org-startup-shrink-all-tables~ with ~nil~ as + default value. + + #+vindex: org-startup-with-inline-images + When visiting a file, inline images can be automatically + displayed. The corresponding variable is + ~org-startup-with-inline-images~, with a default value ~nil~ to + avoid delays when visiting a file. + + | =inlineimages= | Show inline images. | + | =noinlineimages= | Do not show inline images on startup. | + + #+vindex: org-log-done + #+vindex: org-log-note-clock-out + #+vindex: org-log-repeat + Logging the closing and reopening of TODO items and clock + intervals can be configured using these options (see variables + ~org-log-done~, ~org-log-note-clock-out~, and ~org-log-repeat~). + + | =logdone= | Record a timestamp when an item is marked as done. | + | =lognotedone= | Record timestamp and a note when DONE. | + | =nologdone= | Do not record when items are marked as done. | + | =logrepeat= | Record a time when reinstating a repeating item. | + | =lognoterepeat= | Record a note when reinstating a repeating item. | + | =nologrepeat= | Do not record when reinstating repeating item. | + | =lognoteclock-out= | Record a note when clocking out. | + | =nolognoteclock-out= | Do not record a note when clocking out. | + | =logreschedule= | Record a timestamp when scheduling time changes. | + | =lognotereschedule= | Record a note when scheduling time changes. | + | =nologreschedule= | Do not record when a scheduling date changes. | + | =logredeadline= | Record a timestamp when deadline changes. | + | =lognoteredeadline= | Record a note when deadline changes. | + | =nologredeadline= | Do not record when a deadline date changes. | + | =logrefile= | Record a timestamp when refiling. | + | =lognoterefile= | Record a note when refiling. | + | =nologrefile= | Do not record when refiling. | + + #+vindex: org-hide-leading-stars + #+vindex: org-odd-levels-only + Here are the options for hiding leading stars in outline + headings, and for indenting outlines. The corresponding + variables are ~org-hide-leading-stars~ and + ~org-odd-levels-only~, both with a default setting ~nil~ + (meaning =showstars= and =oddeven=). + + | =hidestars= | Make all but one of the stars starting a headline invisible. | + | =showstars= | Show all stars starting a headline. | + | =indent= | Virtual indentation according to outline level. | + | =noindent= | No virtual indentation according to outline level. | + | =odd= | Allow only odd outline levels (1, 3, ...). | + | =oddeven= | Allow all outline levels. | + + #+vindex: org-put-time-stamp-overlays + #+vindex: org-time-stamp-overlay-formats + To turn on custom format overlays over timestamps (variables + ~org-put-time-stamp-overlays~ and + ~org-time-stamp-overlay-formats~), use: + + | =customtime= | Overlay custom time format. | + + #+vindex: constants-unit-system + The following options influence the table spreadsheet (variable + ~constants-unit-system~). + + | =constcgs= | =constants.el= should use the c-g-s unit system. | + | =constSI= | =constants.el= should use the SI unit system. | + + #+vindex: org-footnote-define-inline + #+vindex: org-footnote-auto-label + #+vindex: org-footnote-auto-adjust + To influence footnote settings, use the following keywords. The + corresponding variables are ~org-footnote-define-inline~, + ~org-footnote-auto-label~, and ~org-footnote-auto-adjust~. + + | =fninline= | Define footnotes inline. | + | =fnnoinline= | Define footnotes in separate section. | + | =fnlocal= | Define footnotes near first reference, but not inline. | + | =fnprompt= | Prompt for footnote labels. | + | =fnauto= | Create =[fn:1]=-like labels automatically (default). | + | =fnconfirm= | Offer automatic label for editing or confirmation. | + | =fnadjust= | Automatically renumber and sort footnotes. | + | =nofnadjust= | Do not renumber and sort automatically. | + + #+vindex: org-hide-block-startup + To hide blocks on startup, use these keywords. The + corresponding variable is ~org-hide-block-startup~. + + | =hideblocks= | Hide all begin/end blocks on startup. | + | =nohideblocks= | Do not hide blocks on startup. | + + #+vindex: org-pretty-entities + The display of entities as UTF-8 characters is governed by the + variable ~org-pretty-entities~ and the keywords + + | =entitiespretty= | Show entities as UTF-8 characters where possible. | + | =entitiesplain= | Leave entities plain. | + +- =#+TAGS: TAG1(c1) TAG2(c2)= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{TAGS}, keyword + #+vindex: org-tag-alist + These lines (several such lines are allowed) specify the valid tags + in this file, and (potentially) the corresponding /fast tag + selection/ keys. The corresponding variable is ~org-tag-alist~. + +- =#+TODO:=, =#+SEQ_TODO:=, =#+TYP_TODO:= :: + + #+cindex: @samp{SEQ_TODO}, keyword + #+cindex: @samp{TODO}, keyword + #+cindex: @samp{TYP_TODO}, keyword + #+vindex: org-todo-keywords + These lines set the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the + current file. The corresponding variable is ~org-todo-keywords~. + +** Regular Expressions +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Elisp regular expressions. +:END: +#+cindex: regular expressions syntax +#+cindex: regular expressions, in searches + +Org, as an Emacs mode, makes use of Elisp regular expressions for +searching, matching and filtering. Elisp regular expressions have a +somewhat different syntax then some common standards. Most notably, +alternation is indicated using =\|= and matching groups are denoted by +=\(...\)=. For example the string =home\|work= matches either =home= +or =work=. + +For more information, see [[info:emacs::Regexps][Regular Expressions in Emacs]]. + +** Org Syntax +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Formal description of Org's syntax. +:END: + +A reference document providing a formal description of Org's syntax is +available as [[https://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-syntax.html][a draft on Worg]], written and maintained by Nicolas +Goaziou. It defines Org's core internal concepts such as "headlines", +"sections", "affiliated keywords", "(greater) elements" and "objects". +Each part of an Org document belongs to one of the previous +categories. + +To explore the abstract structure of an Org buffer, run this in +a buffer: + +: M-: (org-element-parse-buffer) + +#+texinfo: @noindent +It outputs a list containing the buffer's content represented as an +abstract structure. The export engine relies on the information +stored in this list. Most interactive commands---e.g., for structure +editing---also rely on the syntactic meaning of the surrounding +context. + +#+cindex: syntax checker +#+cindex: linter +#+findex: org-lint +You can probe the syntax of your documents with the command + +: M-x org-lint + +#+texinfo: @noindent +It runs a number of checks to find common mistakes. It then displays +their location in a dedicated buffer, along with a description and +a "trust level", since false-positive are possible. From there, you +can operate on the reports with the following keys: + +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.22 0.78 +| {{{kbd(C-j)}}}, {{{kbd(TAB)}}} | Display the offending line | +| {{{kbd(RET)}}} | Move point to the offending line | +| {{{kbd(g)}}} | Check the document again | +| {{{kbd(h)}}} | Hide all reports from the same checker | +| {{{kbd(i)}}} | Also remove them from all subsequent checks | +| {{{kbd(S)}}} | Sort reports by the column at point | + +** Context Dependent Documentation +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Read documentation about current syntax. +:ALT_TITLE: Documentation Access +:END: +#+cindex: documentation +#+cindex: Info + +#+findex: org-info-find-node +#+kindex: C-c C-x I +{{{kbd(C-c C-x I)}}} in an Org file tries to open a suitable section +of the Org manual depending on the syntax at point. For example, +using it on a headline displays "Document Structure" section. + +{{{kbd(q)}}} closes the Info window. + +** Escape Character +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Prevent Org from interpreting your writing. +:END: + +#+cindex: escape character +#+cindex: zero width space +You may sometimes want to write text that looks like Org syntax, but +should really read as plain text. Org may use a specific escape +character in some situations, i.e., a backslash in macros (see [[*Macro +Replacement]]) and links (see [[*Link Format]]), or a comma in source and +example blocks (see [[*Literal Examples]]). In the general case, however, +we suggest to use the zero width space. You can insert one with any +of the following: + +: C-x 8 zero width space +: C-x 8 200B + +For example, in order to write =[[1,2]]= as-is in your document, you +may write instead + +: [X[1,2]] + +where =X= denotes the zero width space character. + +** Code Evaluation and Security Issues +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Org files evaluate in-line code. +:ALT_TITLE: Code Evaluation Security +:END: + +Unlike plain text, running code comes with risk. Each source code +block, in terms of risk, is equivalent to an executable file. Org +therefore puts a few confirmation prompts by default. This is to +alert the casual user from accidentally running untrusted code. + +For users who do not run code blocks or write code regularly, Org's +default settings should suffice. However, some users may want to +tweak the prompts for fewer interruptions. To weigh the risks of +automatic execution of code blocks, here are some details about code +evaluation. + +Org evaluates code in the following circumstances: + +- /Source code blocks/ :: + + Org evaluates source code blocks in an Org file during export. Org + also evaluates a source code block with the {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} key + chord. Users exporting or running code blocks must load files only + from trusted sources. Be wary of customizing variables that remove + or alter default security measures. + + #+attr_texinfo: :options org-confirm-babel-evaluate + #+begin_defopt + When ~t~, Org prompts the user for confirmation before executing + each code block. When ~nil~, Org executes code blocks without + prompting the user for confirmation. When this option is set to + a custom function, Org invokes the function with these two + arguments: the source code language and the body of the code block. + The custom function must return either a ~t~ or ~nil~, which + determines if the user is prompted. Each source code language can + be handled separately through this function argument. + #+end_defopt + + For example, here is how to execute ditaa code blocks without + prompting: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (defun my-org-confirm-babel-evaluate (lang body) + (not (string= lang "ditaa"))) ;don't ask for ditaa + (setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate #'my-org-confirm-babel-evaluate) + #+end_src + +- /Following =shell= and =elisp= links/ :: + + Org has two link types that can directly evaluate code (see + [[*External Links]]). Because such code is not visible, these links + have a potential risk. Org therefore prompts the user when it + encounters such links. The customization variables are: + + #+attr_texinfo: :options org-link-shell-confirm-function + #+begin_defopt + Function that prompts the user before executing a shell link. + #+end_defopt + + #+attr_texinfo: :options org-link-elisp-confirm-function + #+begin_defopt + Function that prompts the user before executing an Emacs Lisp link. + #+end_defopt + +- /Formulas in tables/ :: + + Formulas in tables (see [[*The Spreadsheet]]) are code that is evaluated + either by the Calc interpreter, or by the Emacs Lisp interpreter. + +** Interaction with Other Packages +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: With other Emacs packages. +:ALT_TITLE: Interaction +:END: +#+cindex: packages, interaction with other + +Org's compatibility and the level of interaction with other Emacs +packages are documented here. + +*** Packages that Org cooperates with +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Packages Org cooperates with. +:ALT_TITLE: Cooperation +:END: + +- =calc.el= by Dave Gillespie :: + #+cindex: @file{calc.el} + + Org uses the Calc package for implementing spreadsheet functionality + in its tables (see [[*The Spreadsheet]]). Org also uses Calc for + embedded calculations. See [[info:calc::Embedded Mode][GNU Emacs Calc Manual]]. + +- =constants.el= by Carsten Dominik :: + #+cindex: @file{constants.el} + #+vindex: org-table-formula-constants + + Org can use names for constants in formulas in tables. Org can also + use calculation suffixes for units, such as =M= for =Mega=. For + a standard collection of such constants, install the =constants= + package. Install version 2.0 of this package, available at + [[http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools]]. Org checks if the function + ~constants-get~ has been autoloaded. Installation instructions are + in the file =constants.el=. + +- =cdlatex.el= by Carsten Dominik :: + #+cindex: @file{cdlatex.el} + + Org mode can make use of the CDLaTeX package to efficiently enter + LaTeX fragments into Org files. See [[*Using CDLaTeX to enter math]]. + +- =imenu.el= by Ake Stenhoff and Lars Lindberg :: + #+cindex: @file{imenu.el} + + Imenu creates dynamic menus based on an index of items in a file. + Org mode supports Imenu menus. Enable it with a mode hook as + follows: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (add-hook 'org-mode-hook + (lambda () (imenu-add-to-menubar "Imenu"))) + #+end_src + + #+vindex: org-imenu-depth + By default the index is two levels deep---you can modify the + depth using the option ~org-imenu-depth~. + +- =speedbar.el= by Eric\nbsp{}M.\nbsp{}Ludlam :: + #+cindex: @file{speedbar.el} + + Speedbar package creates a special Emacs frame for displaying files + and index items in files. Org mode supports Speedbar; users can + drill into Org files directly from the Speedbar. The {{{kbd(<)}}} + in the Speedbar frame tweaks the agenda commands to that file or to + a subtree. + +- =table.el= by Takaaki Ota :: + #+cindex: table editor, @file{table.el} + #+cindex: @file{table.el} + + Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and + row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table + package by Takaaki Ota. Org mode recognizes such tables and exports + them properly. {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} to edit these tables in a special + buffer, much like Org's code blocks. Because of interference with + other Org mode functionality, Takaaki Ota tables cannot be edited + directly in the Org buffer. + + - {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} (~org-edit-special~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ' + #+findex: org-edit-special + Edit a =table.el= table. Works when point is in a =table.el= + table. + + - {{{kbd(C-c ~​)}}} (~org-table-create-with-table.el~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c ~ + #+findex: org-table-create-with-table.el + Insert a =table.el= table. If there is already a table at point, + this command converts it between the =table.el= format and the Org + mode format. See the documentation string of the command + ~org-convert-table~ for the restrictions under which this is + possible. + +*** Packages that conflict with Org mode +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Packages that lead to conflicts. +:ALT_TITLE: Conflicts +:END: + +#+cindex: shift-selection +#+vindex: org-support-shift-select +In Emacs, shift-selection combines motions of point with shift key to +enlarge regions. Emacs sets this mode by default. This conflicts +with Org's use of {{{kbd(S-)}}} commands to change timestamps, +TODO keywords, priorities, and item bullet types, etc. Since +{{{kbd(S-)}}} commands outside of specific contexts do not do +anything, Org offers the variable ~org-support-shift-select~ for +customization. Org mode accommodates shift selection by (i) making it +available outside of the special contexts where special commands +apply, and (ii) extending an existing active region even if point +moves across a special context. + +- =cua.el= by Kim\nbsp{}F.\nbsp{}Storm :: + + #+cindex: @file{cua.el} + #+vindex: org-replace-disputed-keys + Org key bindings conflict with {{{kbd(S-)}}} keys used by + CUA mode. For Org to relinquish these bindings to CUA mode, + configure the variable ~org-replace-disputed-keys~. When set, Org + moves the following key bindings in Org files, and in the agenda + buffer---but not during date selection. + + #+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.4 0.4 + | {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} \rArr{} {{{kbd(M-p)}}} | {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} \rArr{} {{{kbd(M-n)}}} | + | {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} \rArr{} {{{kbd(M--)}}} | {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} \rArr{} {{{kbd(M-+)}}} | + | {{{kbd(C-S-LEFT)}}} \rArr{} {{{kbd(M-S--)}}} | {{{kbd(C-S-RIGHT)}}} \rArr{} {{{kbd(M-S-+)}}} | + + #+vindex: org-disputed-keys + Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you + want to have other replacement keys, look at the variable + ~org-disputed-keys~. + +- =ecomplete.el= by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen :: + + #+cindex: @file{ecomplete.el} + Ecomplete provides "electric" address completion in address header + lines in message buffers. Sadly Orgtbl mode cuts Ecomplete's power + supply: no completion happens when Orgtbl mode is enabled in message + buffers while entering text in address header lines. If one wants + to use ecomplete one should /not/ follow the advice to automagically + turn on Orgtbl mode in message buffers (see [[*The Orgtbl Minor Mode]]), + but instead---after filling in the message headers---turn on Orgtbl + mode manually when needed in the messages body. + +- =filladapt.el= by Kyle Jones :: + + #+cindex: @file{filladapt.el} + Org mode tries to do the right thing when filling paragraphs, list + items and other elements. Many users reported problems using both + =filladapt.el= and Org mode, so a safe thing to do is to disable + filladapt like this: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-off-filladapt-mode) + #+end_src + +- =viper.el= by Michael Kifer :: + #+cindex: @file{viper.el} + #+kindex: C-c / + + Viper uses {{{kbd(C-c /)}}} and therefore makes this key not access + the corresponding Org mode command ~org-sparse-tree~. You need to + find another key for this command, or override the key in + ~viper-vi-global-user-map~ with + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (define-key viper-vi-global-user-map "C-c /" 'org-sparse-tree) + #+end_src + +- =windmove.el= by Hovav Shacham :: + #+cindex: @file{windmove.el} + + This package also uses the {{{kbd(S-)}}} keys, so everything + written in the paragraph above about CUA mode also applies here. If + you want to make the windmove function active in locations where Org + mode does not have special functionality on {{{kbd(S-)}}}, + add this to your configuration: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + ;; Make windmove work in Org mode: + (add-hook 'org-shiftup-final-hook 'windmove-up) + (add-hook 'org-shiftleft-final-hook 'windmove-left) + (add-hook 'org-shiftdown-final-hook 'windmove-down) + (add-hook 'org-shiftright-final-hook 'windmove-right) + #+end_src + +- =yasnippet.el= :: + + #+cindex: @file{yasnippet.el} + The way Org mode binds the {{{kbd(TAB)}}} key (binding to ~[tab]~ + instead of ~"\t"~) overrules YASnippet's access to this key. The + following code fixed this problem: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (add-hook 'org-mode-hook + (lambda () + (setq-local yas/trigger-key [tab]) + (define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field-or-maybe-expand))) + #+end_src + + The latest version of YASnippet does not play well with Org mode. + If the above code does not fix the conflict, start by defining + the following function: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (defun yas/org-very-safe-expand () + (let ((yas/fallback-behavior 'return-nil)) (yas/expand))) + #+end_src + + Then, tell Org mode to use that function: + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (add-hook 'org-mode-hook + (lambda () + (make-variable-buffer-local 'yas/trigger-key) + (setq yas/trigger-key [tab]) + (add-to-list 'org-tab-first-hook 'yas/org-very-safe-expand) + (define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field))) + #+end_src +** Using Org on a TTY +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Using Org on a tty. +:ALT_TITLE: TTY Keys +:END: +#+cindex: tty key bindings + +Org provides alternative key bindings for TTY and modern mobile +devices that cannot perform movement commands on point and key +bindings with modifier keys. Some of these workarounds may be more +cumbersome than necessary. Users should look into customizing these +further based on their usage needs. For example, the normal +{{{kbd(S-)}}} for editing timestamp might be better with +{{{kbd(C-c .)}}} chord. + +#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.28 0.15 0.21 +| Default | Alternative 1 | Speed key | Alternative 2 | +|----------------------+--------------------------+--------------+----------------------| +| {{{kbd(S-TAB)}}} | {{{kbd(C-u TAB)}}} | {{{kbd(C)}}} | | +| {{{kbd(M-LEFT)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x l)}}} | {{{kbd(l)}}} | {{{kbd(Esc LEFT)}}} | +| {{{kbd(M-S-LEFT)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x L)}}} | {{{kbd(L)}}} | | +| {{{kbd(M-RIGHT)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x r)}}} | {{{kbd(r)}}} | {{{kbd(Esc RIGHT)}}} | +| {{{kbd(M-S-RIGHT)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x R)}}} | {{{kbd(R)}}} | | +| {{{kbd(M-UP)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x u)}}} | | {{{kbd(Esc UP)}}} | +| {{{kbd(M-S-UP)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x U)}}} | {{{kbd(U)}}} | | +| {{{kbd(M-DOWN)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x d)}}} | | {{{kbd(Esc DOWN)}}} | +| {{{kbd(M-S-DOWN)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x D)}}} | {{{kbd(D)}}} | | +| {{{kbd(S-RET)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x c)}}} | | | +| {{{kbd(M-RET)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x m)}}} | | {{{kbd(Esc RET)}}} | +| {{{kbd(M-S-RET)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x M)}}} | | | +| {{{kbd(S-LEFT)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c LEFT)}}} | | | +| {{{kbd(S-RIGHT)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c RIGHT)}}} | | | +| {{{kbd(S-UP)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c UP)}}} | | | +| {{{kbd(S-DOWN)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c DOWN)}}} | | | +| {{{kbd(C-S-LEFT)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x LEFT)}}} | | | +| {{{kbd(C-S-RIGHT)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x RIGHT)}}} | | | + +** Protocols for External Access +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: External access to Emacs and Org. +:ALT_TITLE: Protocols +:END: +#+cindex: protocols, for external access + +Org protocol is a tool to trigger custom actions in Emacs from +external applications. Any application that supports calling external +programs with an URL as argument may be used with this functionality. +For example, you can configure bookmarks in your web browser to send a +link to the current page to Org and create a note from it using +capture (see [[*Capture]]). You can also create a bookmark that tells +Emacs to open the local source file of a remote website you are +browsing. + +#+cindex: Org protocol, set-up +#+cindex: Installing Org protocol +In order to use Org protocol from an application, you need to register +=org-protocol://= as a valid scheme-handler. External calls are +passed to Emacs through the =emacsclient= command, so you also need to +ensure an Emacs server is running. More precisely, when the +application calls + +: emacsclient "org-protocol://PROTOCOL?key1=val1&key2=val2" + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Emacs calls the handler associated to {{{var(PROTOCOL)}}} with +argument =(:key1 val1 :key2 val2)=. + +#+cindex: protocol, new protocol +#+cindex: defining new protocols +Org protocol comes with three predefined protocols, detailed in the +following sections. Configure ~org-protocol-protocol-alist~ to define +your own. + +*** The ~store-link~ protocol +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Store a link, push URL to kill-ring. +:END: +#+cindex: store-link protocol +#+cindex: protocol, store-link + +Using the ~store-link~ handler, you can copy links, to that they can +be inserted using {{{kbd(M-x org-insert-link)}}} or yanking. More +precisely, the command + +: emacsclient "org-protocol://store-link?url=URL&title=TITLE" + +#+texinfo: @noindent +stores the following link: + +: [[URL][TITLE]] + +In addition, {{{var(URL)}}} is pushed on the kill-ring for yanking. +You need to encode {{{var(URL)}}} and {{{var(TITLE)}}} if they contain +slashes, and probably quote those for the shell. + +To use this feature from a browser, add a bookmark with an arbitrary +name, e.g., =Org: store-link= and enter this as /Location/: + +#+begin_example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://store-link?' + + new URLSearchParams({url:location.href, title:document.title}); +#+end_example + +Title is an optional parameter. Another expression was recommended earlier: + +#+begin_example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://store-link?url='+ + encodeURIComponent(location.href); +#+end_example + +The latter form is compatible with older Org versions from 9.0 to 9.4. + +*** The ~capture~ protocol +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Fill a buffer with external information. +:END: +#+cindex: capture protocol +#+cindex: protocol, capture + +Activating the "capture" handler pops up a =Capture= buffer in Emacs, +using acapture template. + +: emacsclient "org-protocol://capture?template=X&url=URL&title=TITLE&body=BODY" + +To use this feature, add a bookmark with an arbitrary name, e.g., +=Org: capture=, and enter this as =Location=: + +#+begin_example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://capture?' + + new URLSearchParams({ + template: 'x', url: window.location.href, + title: document.title, body: window.getSelection()}); +#+end_example + +You might have seen another expression: + +#+begin_example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://capture?template=x'+ + '&url='+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)+ + '&title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title)+ + '&body='+encodeURIComponent(window.getSelection()); +#+end_example + +It is a bit more cluttered than the former one, but it is compatible +with previous Org versions 9.0-9.4. In these versions encoding of +space as "+" character was not supported by URI decoder. + +#+vindex: org-protocol-default-template-key +The capture template to be used can be specified in the bookmark (like +=X= above). If unspecified, the template key is set in the variable +~org-protocol-default-template-key~. The following template +placeholders are available: + +#+begin_example +%:link The URL +%:description The webpage title +%:annotation Equivalent to [[%:link][%:description]] +%i The selected text +#+end_example + +*** The ~open-source~ protocol +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Edit published contents. +:END: +#+cindex: open-source protocol +#+cindex: protocol, open-source + +The ~open-source~ handler is designed to help with editing local +sources when reading a document. To that effect, you can use +a bookmark with the following location: + +#+begin_example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://open-source?&url='+ + encodeURIComponent(location.href) +#+end_example + +#+vindex: org-protocol-project-alist +The variable ~org-protocol-project-alist~ maps URLs to local file +names, by stripping URL parameters from the end and replacing the +~:base-url~ with ~:working-directory~ and ~:online-suffix~ with +~:working-suffix~. For example, assuming you own a local copy of +=https://orgmode.org/worg/= contents at =/home/user/worg=, you can set +~org-protocol-project-alist~ to the following + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-protocol-project-alist + '(("Worg" + :base-url "https://orgmode.org/worg/" + :working-directory "/home/user/worg/" + :online-suffix ".html" + :working-suffix ".org"))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +If you are now browsing +=https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/org-protocol.html= and find +a typo or have an idea about how to enhance the documentation, simply +click the bookmark and start editing. + +#+cindex: rewritten URL in open-source protocol +#+cindex: protocol, open-source rewritten URL +However, such mapping may not always yield the desired results. +Suppose you maintain an online store located at =https://example.com/=. +The local sources reside in =/home/user/example/=. It is common +practice to serve all products in such a store through one file and +rewrite URLs that do not match an existing file on the server. That +way, a request to =https://example.com/print/posters.html= might be +rewritten on the server to something like +=https://example.com/shop/products.php/posters.html.php=. The +~open-source~ handler probably cannot find a file named +=/home/user/example/print/posters.html.php= and fails. + +Such an entry in ~org-protocol-project-alist~ may hold an additional +property ~:rewrites~. This property is a list of cons cells, each of +which maps a regular expression to a path relative to the +~:working-directory~. + +Now map the URL to the path =/home/user/example/products.php= by +adding ~:rewrites~ rules like this: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-protocol-project-alist + '(("example.com" + :base-url "https://example.com/" + :working-directory "/home/user/example/" + :online-suffix ".php" + :working-suffix ".php" + :rewrites (("example.com/print/" . "products.php") + ("example.com/$" . "index.php"))))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +Since =example.com/$= is used as a regular expression, it maps +=http://example.com/=, =https://example.com=, +=http://www.example.com/= and similar to +=/home/user/example/index.php=. + +The ~:rewrites~ rules are searched as a last resort if and only if no +existing file name is matched. + +#+cindex: protocol, open-source, set-up mapping +#+cindex: mappings in open-source protocol +#+findex: org-protocol-create +#+findex: org-protocol-create-for-org +Two functions can help you filling ~org-protocol-project-alist~ with +valid contents: ~org-protocol-create~ and +~org-protocol-create-for-org~. The latter is of use if you're editing +an Org file that is part of a publishing project. +** Org Crypt +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Encrypting Org files. +:END: + +Org Crypt encrypts the text of an entry, but not the headline, or +properties. Behind the scene, it uses the [[info:epa][Emacs EasyPG Library]] to +encrypt and decrypt files, and EasyPG needs a correct [[info:gnupg][GnuPG]] setup. + +#+vindex: org-crypt-tag-matcher +Any text below a headline that has a =crypt= tag is automatically +encrypted when the file is saved. To use a different tag, customize +the ~org-crypt-tag-matcher~ setting. + +Here is a suggestion for Org Crypt settings in Emacs init file: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(require 'org-crypt) +(org-crypt-use-before-save-magic) +(setq org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance '("crypt")) + +(setq org-crypt-key nil) +;; GPG key to use for encryption +;; Either the Key ID or set to nil to use symmetric encryption. + +(setq auto-save-default nil) +;; Auto-saving does not cooperate with org-crypt.el: so you need to +;; turn it off if you plan to use org-crypt.el quite often. Otherwise, +;; you'll get an (annoying) message each time you start Org. + +;; To turn it off only locally, you can insert this: +;; +;; # -*- buffer-auto-save-file-name: nil; -*- +#+end_src + +It's possible to use different keys for different headings by +specifying the respective key as property =CRYPTKEY=, e.g.: + +#+begin_example +,* Totally secret :crypt: + :PROPERTIES: + :CRYPTKEY: 0x0123456789012345678901234567890123456789 + :END: +#+end_example + +Excluding the =crypt= tag from inheritance prevents already encrypted +text from being encrypted again. + +** Org Mobile +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Viewing and capture on a mobile device. +:END: +#+cindex: smartphone + +Org Mobile is a protocol for synchronizing Org files between Emacs and +other applications, e.g., on mobile devices. It enables offline-views +and capture support for an Org mode system that is rooted on a "real" +computer. The external application can also record changes to +existing entries. + +This appendix describes Org's support for agenda view formats +compatible with Org Mobile. It also describes synchronizing changes, +such as to notes, between the mobile application and the computer. + +To change tags and TODO states in the mobile application, first +customize the variables ~org-todo-keywords~, ~org-tag-alist~ and +~org-tag-persistent-alist~. These should cover all the important tags +and TODO keywords, even if Org files use only some of them. Though +the mobile application is expected to support in-buffer settings, it +is required to understand TODO states /sets/ (see [[*Setting up keywords +for individual files]]) and /mutually exclusive/ tags (see [[*Setting +Tags]]) only for those set in these variables. + +*** Setting up the staging area +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: For the mobile device. +:END: + +#+vindex: org-mobile-directory +The mobile application needs access to a file directory on +a server[fn:150] to interact with Emacs. Pass its location through +the ~org-mobile-directory~ variable. If you can mount that directory +locally just set the variable to point to that directory: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-mobile-directory "~/orgmobile/") +#+end_src + +Alternatively, by using TRAMP (see [[info:tramp][TRAMP User Manual]]), +~org-mobile-directory~ may point to a remote directory accessible +through, for example, SSH, SCP, or DAVS: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-mobile-directory "/davs:user@remote.host:/org/webdav/") +#+end_src + +#+vindex: org-mobile-encryption +With a public server, consider encrypting the files. Org also +requires OpenSSL installed on the local computer. To turn on +encryption, set the same password in the mobile application and in +Emacs. Set the password in the variable +~org-mobile-use-encryption~[fn:151]. Note that even after the mobile +application encrypts the file contents, the file name remains visible +on the file systems of the local computer, the server, and the mobile +device. + +*** Pushing to the mobile application +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Uploading Org files and agendas. +:END: + +#+findex: org-mobile-push +#+vindex: org-mobile-files +The command ~org-mobile-push~ copies files listed in +~org-mobile-files~ into the staging area. Files include agenda files +(as listed in ~org-agenda-files~). Customize ~org-mobile-files~ to +add other files. File names are staged with paths relative to +~org-directory~, so all files should be inside this directory[fn:152]. + +Push creates a special Org file =agendas.org= with custom agenda views +defined by the user[fn:153]. + +Finally, Org writes the file =index.org=, containing links to other +files. The mobile application reads this file first from the server +to determine what other files to download for agendas. For faster +downloads, it is expected to only read files whose checksums[fn:154] +have changed. + +*** Pulling from the mobile application +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Integrating captured and flagged items. +:END: + +#+findex: org-mobile-pull +The command ~org-mobile-pull~ synchronizes changes with the server. +More specifically, it first pulls the Org files for viewing. It then +appends captured entries and pointers to flagged or changed entries to +the file =mobileorg.org= on the server. Org ultimately integrates its +data in an inbox file format, through the following steps: + +1. + #+vindex: org-mobile-inbox-for-pull + Org moves all entries found in =mobileorg.org=[fn:155] and appends + them to the file pointed to by the variable + ~org-mobile-inbox-for-pull~. It should reside neither in the + staging area nor on the server. Each captured entry and each + editing event is a top-level entry in the inbox file. + +2. + #+cindex: @samp{FLAGGED}, tag + After moving the entries, Org processes changes to the shared + files. Some of them are applied directly and without user + interaction. Examples include changes to tags, TODO state, + headline and body text. Entries requiring further action are + tagged as =FLAGGED=. Org marks entries with problems with an error + message in the inbox. They have to be resolved manually. + +3. Org generates an agenda view for flagged entries for user + intervention to clean up. For notes stored in flagged entries, Org + displays them in the echo area when point is on the corresponding + agenda item. + + - {{{kbd(?)}}} :: + + Pressing {{{kbd(?)}}} displays the entire flagged note in another + window. Org also pushes it to the kill ring. To store flagged + note as a normal note, use {{{kbd(? z C-y C-c C-c)}}}. Pressing + {{{kbd(?)}}} twice does these things: first it removes the + =FLAGGED= tag; second, it removes the flagged note from the + property drawer; third, it signals that manual editing of the + flagged entry is now finished. + +#+kindex: ? @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +From the agenda dispatcher, {{{kbd(?)}}} returns to the view to finish +processing flagged entries. Note that these entries may not be the +most recent since the mobile application searches files that were last +pulled. To get an updated agenda view with changes since the last +pull, pull again. + +* Hacking +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to hack your way around. +:APPENDIX: t +:END: +#+cindex: hacking + +This appendix describes some ways a user can extend the functionality +of Org. + +** Hooks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to reach into Org's internals. +:END: +#+cindex: hooks + +Org has a large number of hook variables for adding functionality. +This appendix illustrates using a few. A complete list of hooks with +documentation is maintained by the Worg project at +https://orgmode.org/worg/doc.html#hooks. + +** Add-on Packages +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Available extensions. +:END: +#+cindex: add-on packages + +Various authors wrote a large number of add-on packages for Org. Some +of these packages used to be part of the =org-mode= repository but are +now hosted in a separate =org-contrib= repository +[[https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib][here]]. A Worg page with more +information is at: https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/. + +** Adding Hyperlink Types +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: New custom link types. +:END: +#+cindex: hyperlinks, adding new types + +Org has many built-in hyperlink types (see [[*Hyperlinks]]), and an +interface for adding new link types. The following example shows the +process of adding Org links to Unix man pages, which look like this + +: [[man:printf][The printf manual]] + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The following =ol-man.el= file implements it + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +;;; ol-man.el - Support for links to man pages in Org mode +(require 'ol) + +(org-link-set-parameters "man" + :follow #'org-man-open + :export #'org-man-export + :store #'org-man-store-link) + +(defcustom org-man-command 'man + "The Emacs command to be used to display a man page." + :group 'org-link + :type '(choice (const man) (const woman))) + +(defun org-man-open (path _) + "Visit the manpage on PATH. +PATH should be a topic that can be thrown at the man command." + (funcall org-man-command path)) + +(defun org-man-store-link () + "Store a link to a man page." + (when (memq major-mode '(Man-mode woman-mode)) + ;; This is a man page, we do make this link. + (let* ((page (org-man-get-page-name)) + (link (concat "man:" page)) + (description (format "Man page for %s" page))) + (org-link-store-props + :type "man" + :link link + :description description)))) + +(defun org-man-get-page-name () + "Extract the page name from the buffer name." + ;; This works for both `Man-mode' and `woman-mode'. + (if (string-match " \\(\\S-+\\)\\*" (buffer-name)) + (match-string 1 (buffer-name)) + (error "Cannot create link to this man page"))) + +(defun org-man-export (link description format _) + "Export a man page link from Org files." + (let ((path (format "http://man.he.net/?topic=%s§ion=all" link)) + (desc (or description link))) + (pcase format + (`html (format "%s" path desc)) + (`latex (format "\\href{%s}{%s}" path desc)) + (`texinfo (format "@uref{%s,%s}" path desc)) + (`ascii (format "%s (%s)" desc path)) + (t path)))) + +(provide ol-man) +;;; ol-man.el ends here +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +To activate links to man pages in Org, enter this in the Emacs init +file: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(require 'ol-man) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +A review of =ol-man.el=: + +1. First, =(require 'ol)= ensures that =ol.el= is loaded. + +2. + + #+findex: org-link-set-parameters + #+vindex: org-link-parameters + Then ~org-link-set-parameters~ defines a new link type with =man= + prefix and associates functions for following, exporting and + storing such links. See the variable ~org-link-parameters~ for + a complete list of possible associations. + +3. The rest of the file implements necessary variables and functions. + + For example, ~org-man-store-link~ is responsible for storing a link + when ~org-store-link~ (see [[*Handling Links]]) is called from a buffer + displaying a man page. It first checks if the major mode is + appropriate. If check fails, the function returns ~nil~, which + means it isn't responsible for creating a link to the current + buffer. Otherwise the function makes a link string by combining + the =man:= prefix with the man topic. It also provides a default + description. The function ~org-insert-link~ can insert it back + into an Org buffer later on. + +** Adding Export Back-ends +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How to write new export back-ends. +:END: +#+cindex: Export, writing back-ends + +Org's export engine makes it easy for writing new back-ends. The +framework on which the engine was built makes it easy to derive new +back-ends from existing ones. + +#+findex: org-export-define-backend +#+findex: org-export-define-derived-backend +The two main entry points to the export engine are: +~org-export-define-backend~ and ~org-export-define-derived-backend~. +To grok these functions, see =ox-latex.el= for an example of defining +a new back-end from scratch, and =ox-beamer.el= for an example of +deriving from an existing engine. + +For creating a new back-end from scratch, first set its name as +a symbol in an alist consisting of elements and export functions. To +make the back-end visible to the export dispatcher, set ~:menu-entry~ +keyword. For export options specific to this back-end, set the +~:options-alist~. + +For creating a new back-end from an existing one, set +~:translate-alist~ to an alist of export functions. This alist +replaces the parent back-end functions. + +For complete documentation, see [[https://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-export-reference.html][the Org Export Reference on Worg]]. + +** Tables in Arbitrary Syntax +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs. +:END: +#+cindex: tables, in other modes +#+cindex: lists, in other modes +#+cindex: Orgtbl mode + +Due to Org's success in handling tables with Orgtbl, a frequently +requested feature is the use of Org's table functions in other modes, +e.g., LaTeX. This would be hard to do in a general way without +complicated customization nightmares. Moreover, that would take Org +away from its simplicity roots that Orgtbl has proven. There is, +however, an alternate approach to accomplishing the same. + +This approach involves implementing a custom /translate/ function that +operates on a native Org /source table/ to produce a table in another +format. This strategy would keep the excellently working Orgtbl +simple and isolate complications, if any, confined to the translate +function. To add more alien table formats, we just add more translate +functions. Also the burden of developing custom translate functions +for new table formats is in the hands of those who know those formats +best. + +*** Radio tables +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Sending and receiving radio tables. +:END: +#+cindex: radio tables + +Radio tables are target locations for translated tables that are not near +their source. Org finds the target location and inserts the translated +table. + +The key to finding the target location is the magic words =BEGIN/END +RECEIVE ORGTBL=. They have to appear as comments in the current mode. +If the mode is C, then: + +#+begin_example +/* BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */ +/* END RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */ +#+end_example + +At the location of source, Org needs a special line to direct Orgtbl +to translate and to find the target for inserting the translated +table. For example: + +#+cindex: @samp{ORGTBL}, keyword +: #+ORGTBL: SEND table_name translation_function arguments ... + +#+texinfo: @noindent +=table_name= is the table's reference name, which is also used in the +receiver lines, and the =translation_function= is the Lisp function +that translates. This line, in addition, may also contain alternating +key and value arguments at the end. The translation function gets +these values as a property list. A few standard parameters are +already recognized and acted upon before the translation function is +called: + +- =:skip N= :: + + Skip the first N lines of the table. Hlines do count; include them + if they are to be skipped. + +- =:skipcols (n1 n2 ...)= :: + + List of columns to be skipped. First Org automatically discards + columns with calculation marks and then sends the table to the + translator function, which then skips columns as specified in + =skipcols=. + +To keep the source table intact in the buffer without being disturbed +when the source file is compiled or otherwise being worked on, use one +of these strategies: + +- Place the table in a block comment. For example, in C mode you + could wrap the table between =/*= and =*/= lines. + +- Put the table after an "end" statement. For example ~\bye~ in TeX + and ~\end{document}~ in LaTeX. + +- Comment and un-comment each line of the table during edits. The + {{{kbd(M-x orgtbl-toggle-comment)}}} command makes toggling easy. + +*** A LaTeX example of radio tables +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Step by step, almost a tutorial. +:ALT_TITLE: A LaTeX example +:END: +#+cindex: @LaTeX{}, and Orgtbl mode + +To wrap a source table in LaTeX, use the =comment= environment +provided by =comment.sty=[fn:156]. To activate it, put +~\usepackage{comment}~ in the document header. Orgtbl mode inserts +a radio table skeleton[fn:157] with the command {{{kbd(M-x +orgtbl-insert-radio-table)}}}, which prompts for a table name. For +example, if =salesfigures= is the name, the template inserts: + +#+begin_example +% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +\begin{comment} +,#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex +| | | +\end{comment} +#+end_example + +#+vindex: LaTeX-verbatim-environments +#+texinfo: @noindent +The line =#+ORGTBL: SEND= tells Orgtbl mode to use the function +~orgtbl-to-latex~ to convert the table to LaTeX format, then insert +the table at the target (receive) location named =salesfigures=. Now +the table is ready for data entry. It can even use spreadsheet +features[fn:158]: + +#+begin_example +% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +\begin{comment} +,#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex +| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day | +|-------+------+---------+---------| +| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 | +| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 | +| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 | +,#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f +% $ (optional extra dollar to keep Font Lock happy, see footnote) +\end{comment} +#+end_example + +After editing, {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} inserts the translated table at the +target location, between the two marker lines. + +For hand-made custom tables, note that the translator needs to skip +the first two lines of the source table. Also the command has to +/splice/ out the target table without the header and footer. + +#+begin_example +\begin{tabular}{lrrr} +Month & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Days} & Nr.\ sold & per day\\ +% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +\end{tabular} +% +\begin{comment} +,#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex :splice t :skip 2 +| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day | +|-------+------+---------+---------| +| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 | +| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 | +| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 | +,#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f +\end{comment} +#+end_example + +The LaTeX translator function ~orgtbl-to-latex~ is already part of +Orgtbl mode and uses a =tabular= environment to typeset the table and +marks horizontal lines with ~\hline~. For additional parameters to +control output, see [[*Translator functions]]: + +- =:splice BOOLEAN= :: + + When {{{var(BOOLEAN}}} is non-~nil~, return only table body lines; + i.e., not wrapped in =tabular= environment. Default is ~nil~. + +- =:fmt FMT= :: + + Format string to warp each field. It should contain =%s= for the + original field value. For example, to wrap each field value in + dollar symbol, you could use =:fmt "$%s$"=. Format can also wrap + a property list with column numbers and formats, for example =:fmt + (2 "$%s$" 4 "%s\\%%")=. In place of a string, a function of one + argument can be used; the function must return a formatted string. + +- =:efmt EFMT= :: + + Format numbers as exponentials. The spec should have =%s= twice for + inserting mantissa and exponent, for example ="%s\\times10^{%s}"=. This + may also be a property list with column numbers and formats, for + example =:efmt (2 "$%s\\times10^{%s}$" 4 "$%s\\cdot10^{%s}$")=. After + {{{var(EFMT)}}} has been applied to a value, {{{var(FMT)}}}---see + above---is also applied. Functions with two arguments can be + supplied instead of strings. By default, no special formatting is + applied. + +*** Translator functions +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Copy and modify. +:END: +#+cindex: HTML, and Orgtbl mode +#+cindex: translator function + +#+findex: orgtbl-to-csv +#+findex: orgtbl-to-tsv +#+findex: orgtbl-to-latex +#+findex: orgtbl-to-html +#+findex: orgtbl-to-texinfo +#+findex: orgtbl-to-unicode +#+findex: orgtbl-to-orgtbl +#+findex: orgtbl-to-generic +Orgtbl mode has built-in translator functions: ~orgtbl-to-csv~ +(comma-separated values), ~orgtbl-to-tsv~ (TAB-separated values), +~orgtbl-to-latex~, ~orgtbl-to-html~, ~orgtbl-to-texinfo~, +~orgtbl-to-unicode~ and ~orgtbl-to-orgtbl~. They use the generic +translator, ~orgtbl-to-generic~, which delegates translations to +various export back-ends. + +Properties passed to the function through the =ORGTBL SEND= line take +precedence over properties defined inside the function. For example, +this overrides the default LaTeX line endings, ~\\~, with ~\\[2mm]~: + +: #+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-latex :lend " \\\\[2mm]" + +For a new language translator, define a converter function. It can be +a generic function, such as shown in this example. It marks +a beginning and ending of a table with =!BTBL!= and =!ETBL!=; +a beginning and ending of lines with =!BL!= and =!EL!=; and uses a TAB +for a field separator: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun orgtbl-to-language (table params) + "Convert the orgtbl-mode TABLE to language." + (orgtbl-to-generic + table + (org-combine-plists + '(:tstart "!BTBL!" :tend "!ETBL!" :lstart "!BL!" :lend "!EL!" :sep "\t") + params))) +#+end_src + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The documentation for the ~orgtbl-to-generic~ function shows +a complete list of parameters, each of which can be passed through to +~orgtbl-to-latex~, ~orgtbl-to-texinfo~, and any other function using +that generic function. + +For complicated translations the generic translator function could be +replaced by a custom translator function. Such a custom function must +take two arguments and return a single string containing the formatted +table. The first argument is the table whose lines are a list of +fields or the symbol ~hline~. The second argument is the property +list consisting of parameters specified in the =#+ORGTBL: SEND= line. +Please share your translator functions by posting them to the Org +users mailing list, at mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org. + +** Dynamic Blocks +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Automatically filled blocks. +:END: +#+cindex: dynamic blocks + +Org supports /dynamic blocks/ in Org documents. They are inserted +with begin and end markers like any other code block, but the contents +are updated automatically by a user function. + +#+kindex: C-c C-x x +#+findex: org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock +You can insert a dynamic block with ~org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock~, +which is bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-x x)}}} by default. For example, +{{{kbd(C-c C-x x c l o c k t a b l e RET)}}} inserts a table that +updates the work time (see [[*Clocking Work Time]]). + +Dynamic blocks can have names and function parameters. The syntax is +similar to source code block specifications: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN: myblock :parameter1 value1 :parameter2 value2 ... + ... +,#+END: +#+end_example + +These commands update dynamic blocks: + +- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-u)}}} (~org-dblock-update~) :: + + #+kindex: C-c C-x C-u + #+findex: org-dblock-update + Update dynamic block at point. + +- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x C-u)}}} :: + + #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x C-u + Update all dynamic blocks in the current file. + +Before updating a dynamic block, Org removes content between the +=BEGIN= and =END= markers. Org then reads the parameters on the +=BEGIN= line for passing to the writer function as a plist. The +previous content of the dynamic block becomes erased from the buffer +and appended to the plist under ~:content~. + +The syntax for naming a writer function with a dynamic block labeled +=myblock= is: ~org-dblock-write:myblock~. + +The following is an example of a dynamic block and a block writer function +that updates the time when the function was last run: + +#+begin_example +,#+BEGIN: block-update-time :format "on %m/%d/%Y at %H:%M" + ... +,#+END: +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The dynamic block's writer function: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun org-dblock-write:block-update-time (params) + (let ((fmt (or (plist-get params :format) "%d. %m. %Y"))) + (insert "Last block update at: " + (format-time-string fmt)))) +#+end_src + +To keep dynamic blocks up-to-date in an Org file, use the function, +~org-update-all-dblocks~ in hook, such as ~before-save-hook~. The +~org-update-all-dblocks~ function does not run if the file is not in +Org mode. + +#+findex: org-narrow-to-block +Dynamic blocks, like any other block, can be narrowed with +~org-narrow-to-block~. + +** Special Agenda Views +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Customized views. +:END: +#+cindex: agenda views, user-defined + +#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-function +#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-function-global +Org provides a special hook to further limit items in agenda views: +~agenda~, ~agenda*~[fn:159], ~todo~, ~alltodo~, ~tags~, ~tags-todo~, +~tags-tree~. Specify a custom function that tests inclusion of every +matched item in the view. This function can also skip as much as is +needed. + +For a global condition applicable to agenda views, use the +~org-agenda-skip-function-global~ variable. Org uses a global +condition with ~org-agenda-skip-function~ for custom searching. + +This example defines a function for a custom view showing TODO items +with =waiting= status. Manually this is a multi-step search process, +but with a custom view, this can be automated as follows: + +The custom function searches the subtree for the =waiting= tag and +returns ~nil~ on match. Otherwise it gives the location from where +the search continues. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun my-skip-unless-waiting () + "Skip trees that are not waiting" + (let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t)))) + (if (re-search-forward ":waiting:" subtree-end t) + nil ; tag found, do not skip + subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree +#+end_src + +To use this custom function in a custom agenda command: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(org-add-agenda-custom-command + '("b" todo "PROJECT" + ((org-agenda-skip-function 'my-skip-unless-waiting) + (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: ")))) +#+end_src + +#+vindex: org-agenda-overriding-header +Note that this also binds ~org-agenda-overriding-header~ to a more +meaningful string suitable for the agenda view. + +#+vindex: org-odd-levels-only +#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-function +Search for entries with a limit set on levels for the custom search. +This is a general approach to creating custom searches in Org. To +include all levels, use =LEVEL>0=[fn:160]. Then to selectively pick +the matched entries, use ~org-agenda-skip-function~, which also +accepts Lisp forms, such as ~org-agenda-skip-entry-if~ and +~org-agenda-skip-subtree-if~. For example: + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled)= :: + + Skip current entry if it has been scheduled. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notscheduled)= :: + + Skip current entry if it has not been scheduled. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'deadline)= :: + + Skip current entry if it has a deadline. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled 'deadline)= :: + + Skip current entry if it has a deadline, or if it is scheduled. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'todo '("TODO" "WAITING"))= :: + + Skip current entry if the TODO keyword is TODO or WAITING. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'todo 'done)= :: + + Skip current entry if the TODO keyword marks a DONE state. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'timestamp)= :: + + Skip current entry if it has any timestamp, may also be deadline or + scheduled. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'regexp "regular expression")= :: + + Skip current entry if the regular expression matches in the entry. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notregexp "regular expression")= :: + + Skip current entry unless the regular expression matches. + +- =(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if 'regexp "regular expression")= :: + + Same as above, but check and skip the entire subtree. + +The following is an example of a search for =waiting= without the +special function: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(org-add-agenda-custom-command + '("b" todo "PROJECT" + ((org-agenda-skip-function '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if + 'regexp ":waiting:")) + (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: ")))) +#+end_src + +** Speeding Up Your Agendas +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Tips on how to speed up your agendas. +:END: +#+cindex: agenda views, optimization + +Some agenda commands slow down when the Org files grow in size or +number. Here are tips to speed up: + +- Reduce the number of Org agenda files to avoid slowdowns due to hard drive + accesses. + +- Reduce the number of DONE and archived headlines so agenda + operations that skip over these can finish faster. + +- Do not dim blocked tasks: + #+vindex: org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (setq org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks nil) + #+end_src + +- Stop preparing agenda buffers on startup: + #+vindex: org-startup-folded + #+vindex: org-agenda-inhibit-startup + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (setq org-agenda-inhibit-startup t) + #+end_src + +- Disable tag inheritance for agendas: + #+vindex: org-agenda-show-inherited-tags + #+vindex: org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance + + #+begin_src emacs-lisp + (setq org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance nil) + #+end_src + +These options can be applied to selected agenda views. For more +details about generation of agenda views, see the docstrings for the +relevant variables, and this [[https://orgmode.org/worg/agenda-optimization.html][dedicated Worg page]] for agenda +optimization. + +** Extracting Agenda Information +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Post-processing agenda information. +:END: +#+cindex: agenda, pipe +#+cindex: scripts, for agenda processing + +Org provides commands to access agendas through Emacs batch mode. +Through this command-line interface, agendas are automated for further +processing or printing. + +#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands +#+findex: org-batch-agenda +~org-batch-agenda~ creates an agenda view in ASCII and outputs to +standard output. This command takes one string parameter. When +string consists of a single character, Org uses it as a key to +~org-agenda-custom-commands~. These are the same ones available +through the agenda dispatcher (see [[*The Agenda Dispatcher]]). + +This example command line directly prints the TODO list to the printer: + +: emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda "t")' | lpr + +When the string parameter length is two or more characters, Org +matches it with tags/TODO strings. For example, this example command +line prints items tagged with =shop=, but excludes items tagged with +=NewYork=: + +#+begin_example +emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \ + -eval '(org-batch-agenda "+shop-NewYork")' | lpr +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +An example showing on-the-fly parameter modifications: + +#+begin_example +emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \ + -eval '(org-batch-agenda "a" \ + org-agenda-span (quote month) \ + org-agenda-include-diary nil \ + org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \ + | lpr +#+end_example + +#+texinfo: @noindent +which produces an agenda for the next 30 days from just the +=~/org/projects.org= file. + +#+findex: org-batch-agenda-csv +For structured processing of agenda output, use ~org-batch-agenda-csv~ +with the following fields: + +- category :: The category of the item +- head :: The headline, without TODO keyword, TAGS and PRIORITY +- type :: The type of the agenda entry, can be + + | ~todo~ | selected in TODO match | + | ~tagsmatch~ | selected in tags match | + | ~diary~ | imported from diary | + | ~deadline~ | a deadline | + | ~scheduled~ | scheduled | + | ~timestamp~ | appointment, selected by timestamp | + | ~closed~ | entry was closed on date | + | ~upcoming-deadline~ | warning about nearing deadline | + | ~past-scheduled~ | forwarded scheduled item | + | ~block~ | entry has date block including date | + +- todo :: The TODO keyword, if any +- tags :: All tags including inherited ones, separated by colons +- date :: The relevant date, like =2007-2-14= +- time :: The time, like =15:00-16:50= +- extra :: String with extra planning info +- priority-l :: The priority letter if any was given +- priority-n :: The computed numerical priority + +If the selection of the agenda item was based on a timestamp, +including those items with =DEADLINE= and =SCHEDULED= keywords, then +Org includes date and time in the output. + +If the selection of the agenda item was based on a timestamp (or +deadline/scheduled), then Org includes date and time in the output. + +Here is an example of a post-processing script in Perl. It takes the +CSV output from Emacs and prints with a checkbox: + +#+begin_src perl +#!/usr/bin/perl + +# define the Emacs command to run +$cmd = "emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda-csv \"t\")'"; + +# run it and capture the output +$agenda = qx{$cmd 2>/dev/null}; + +# loop over all lines +foreach $line (split(/\n/,$agenda)) { + # get the individual values + ($category,$head,$type,$todo,$tags,$date,$time,$extra, + $priority_l,$priority_n) = split(/,/,$line); + # process and print + print "[ ] $head\n"; +} +#+end_src + +** Using the Property API +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Writing programs that use entry properties. +:END: +#+cindex: API, for properties +#+cindex: properties, API + +Here is a description of the functions that can be used to work with +properties. + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-properties &optional pom which +#+begin_defun +Get all properties of the entry at point-or-marker {{{var(POM)}}}. +This includes the TODO keyword, the tags, time strings for deadline, +scheduled, and clocking, and any additional properties defined in the +entry. The return value is an alist. Keys may occur multiple times +if the property key was used several times. {{{var(POM)}}} may also +be ~nil~, in which case the current entry is used. If +{{{var(WHICH)}}} is ~nil~ or ~all~, get all properties. If +{{{var(WHICH)}}} is ~special~ or ~standard~, only get that subclass. +#+end_defun + +#+vindex: org-use-property-inheritance +#+findex: org-insert-property-drawer +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-get pom property &optional inherit +#+begin_defun +Get value of {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} for entry at point-or-marker +{{{var(POM)}}}. By default, this only looks at properties defined +locally in the entry. If {{{var(INHERIT)}}} is non-~nil~ and the +entry does not have the property, then also check higher levels of the +hierarchy. If {{{var(INHERIT)}}} is the symbol ~selective~, use +inheritance if and only if the setting of +~org-use-property-inheritance~ selects {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} for +inheritance. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-delete pom property +#+begin_defun +Delete the property {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} from entry at point-or-marker +{{{var(POM)}}}. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-put pom property value +#+begin_defun +Set {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} to {{{var(VALUES)}}} for entry at +point-or-marker POM. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-buffer-property-keys &optional include-specials +#+begin_defun +Get all property keys in the current buffer. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-insert-property-drawer +#+begin_defun +Insert a property drawer for the current entry. Also +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-put-multivalued-property pom property &rest values +#+begin_defun +Set {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} at point-or-marker {{{var(POM)}}} to +{{{var(VALUES)}}}. {{{var(VALUES)}}} should be a list of strings. +They are concatenated, with spaces as separators. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-get-multivalued-property pom property +#+begin_defun +Treat the value of the property {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} as +a whitespace-separated list of values and return the values as a list +of strings. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-add-to-multivalued-property pom property value +#+begin_defun +Treat the value of the property {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} as +a whitespace-separated list of values and make sure that +{{{var(VALUE)}}} is in this list. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-remove-from-multivalued-property pom property value +#+begin_defun +Treat the value of the property {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} as +a whitespace-separated list of values and make sure that +{{{var(VALUE)}}} is /not/ in this list. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-member-in-multivalued-property pom property value +#+begin_defun +Treat the value of the property {{{var(PROPERTY)}}} as +a whitespace-separated list of values and check if {{{var(VALUE)}}} is +in this list. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-property-allowed-value-functions +#+begin_defopt +Hook for functions supplying allowed values for a specific property. +The functions must take a single argument, the name of the property, +and return a flat list of allowed values. If =:ETC= is one of the +values, use the values as completion help, but allow also other values +to be entered. The functions must return ~nil~ if they are not +responsible for this property. +#+end_defopt + +** Using the Mapping API +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Mapping over all or selected entries. +:END: +#+cindex: API, for mapping +#+cindex: mapping entries, API + +Org has sophisticated mapping capabilities to find all entries +satisfying certain criteria. Internally, this functionality is used +to produce agenda views, but there is also an API that can be used to +execute arbitrary functions for each or selected entries. The main +entry point for this API is: + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-map-entries func &optional match scope &rest skip +#+begin_defun +Call {{{var(FUNC)}}} at each headline selected by {{{var(MATCH)}}} in +{{{var(SCOPE)}}}. + +{{{var(FUNC)}}} is a function or a Lisp form. With point positioned +at the beginning of the headline, call the function without arguments. +Org returns an alist of return values of calls to the function. + +To avoid preserving point, Org wraps the call to {{{var(FUNC)}}} in +~save-excursion~ form. After evaluation, Org moves point to the end +of the line that was just processed. Search continues from that point +forward. This may not always work as expected under some conditions, +such as if the current sub-tree was removed by a previous archiving +operation. In such rare circumstances, Org skips the next entry +entirely when it should not. To stop Org from such skips, make +{{{var(FUNC)}}} set the variable ~org-map-continue-from~ to a specific +buffer position. + +{{{var(MATCH)}}} is a tags/property/TODO match. Org iterates only +matched headlines. Org iterates over all headlines when +{{{var(MATCH)}}} is ~nil~ or ~t~. + +{{{var(SCOPE)}}} determines the scope of this command. It can be any +of: + +- ~nil~ :: + + The current buffer, respecting the restriction, if any. + +- ~tree~ :: + + The subtree started with the entry at point. + +- ~region~ :: + + The entries within the active region, if any. + +- ~file~ :: + + The current buffer, without restriction. + +- ~file-with-archives~ :: + + The current buffer, and any archives associated with it. + +- ~agenda~ :: + + All agenda files. + +- ~agenda-with-archives~ :: + + All agenda files with any archive files associated with them. + +- list of filenames :: + + If this is a list, all files in the list are scanned. + +#+texinfo: @noindent +The remaining arguments are treated as settings for the scanner's +skipping facilities. Valid arguments are: + +- ~archive~ :: + + Skip trees with the =ARCHIVE= tag. + +- ~comment~ :: + + Skip trees with the COMMENT keyword. + +- function or Lisp form :: + + #+vindex: org-agenda-skip-function + Used as value for ~org-agenda-skip-function~, so whenever the + function returns ~t~, {{{var(FUNC)}}} is called for that entry and + search continues from the point where the function leaves it. +#+end_defun + +The mapping routine can call any arbitrary function, even functions +that change meta data or query the property API (see [[*Using the +Property API]]). Here are some handy functions: + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-todo &optional arg +#+begin_defun +Change the TODO state of the entry. See the docstring of the +functions for the many possible values for the argument +{{{var(ARG)}}}. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-priority &optional action +#+begin_defun +Change the priority of the entry. See the docstring of this function +for the possible values for {{{var(ACTION)}}}. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-toggle-tag tag &optional onoff +#+begin_defun +Toggle the tag {{{var(TAG)}}} in the current entry. Setting +{{{var(ONOFF)}}} to either ~on~ or ~off~ does not toggle tag, but +ensure that it is either on or off. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-promote +#+begin_defun +Promote the current entry. +#+end_defun + +#+attr_texinfo: :options org-demote +#+begin_defun +Demote the current entry. +#+end_defun + +This example turns all entries tagged with =TOMORROW= into TODO +entries with keyword =UPCOMING=. Org ignores entries in comment trees +and archive trees. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(org-map-entries '(org-todo "UPCOMING") + "+TOMORROW" 'file 'archive 'comment) +#+end_src + +The following example counts the number of entries with TODO keyword +=WAITING=, in all agenda files. + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(length (org-map-entries t "/+WAITING" 'agenda)) +#+end_src + +* History and Acknowledgments +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: How Org came into being. +:APPENDIX: t +:END: + +** From Carsten +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +Org was born in 2003, out of frustration over the user interface of +the Emacs Outline mode. I was trying to organize my notes and +projects, and using Emacs seemed to be the natural way to go. +However, having to remember eleven different commands with two or +three keys per command, only to hide and show parts of the outline +tree, that seemed entirely unacceptable to me. Also, when using +outlines to take notes, I constantly wanted to restructure the tree, +organizing it parallel to my thoughts and plans. /Visibility cycling/ +and /structure editing/ were originally implemented in the package +=outline-magic.el=, but quickly moved to the more general =org.el=. +As this environment became comfortable for project planning, the next +step was adding /TODO entries/, basic /timestamps/, and /table +support/. These areas highlighted the two main goals that Org still +has today: to be a new, outline-based, plain text mode with innovative +and intuitive editing features, and to incorporate project planning +functionality directly into a notes file. + +Since the first release, literally thousands of emails to me or to the +[[mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org][mailing list]] have provided a constant stream of bug reports, feedback, +new ideas, and sometimes patches and add-on code. Many thanks to +everyone who has helped to improve this package. I am trying to keep +here a list of the people who had significant influence in shaping one +or more aspects of Org. The list may not be complete, if I have +forgotten someone, please accept my apologies and let me know. + +Before I get to this list, a few special mentions are in order: + +- Bastien Guerry :: + + Bastien has written a large number of extensions to Org (most of + them integrated into the core by now), including the LaTeX exporter + and the plain list parser. His support during the early days was + central to the success of this project. Bastien also invented Worg, + helped establishing the Web presence of Org, and sponsored hosting + costs for the orgmode.org website. Bastien stepped in as maintainer + of Org between 2011 and 2013, at a time when I desperately needed + a break. + +- Eric Schulte and Dan Davison :: + + Eric and Dan are jointly responsible for the Org Babel system, which + turns Org into a multi-language environment for evaluating code and + doing literate programming and reproducible research. This has + become one of Org's killer features that define what Org is today. + +- John Wiegley :: + + John has contributed a number of great ideas and patches directly to + Org, including the attachment system (=org-attach.el=), integration + with Apple Mail (=org-mac-message.el=), hierarchical dependencies of + TODO items, habit tracking (=org-habits.el=), and encryption + (=org-crypt.el=). Also, the capture system is really an extended + copy of his great =remember.el=. + +- Sebastian Rose :: + + Without Sebastian, the HTML/XHTML publishing of Org would be the + pitiful work of an ignorant amateur. Sebastian has pushed this part + of Org onto a much higher level. He also wrote =org-info.js=, + a JavaScript program for displaying webpages derived from Org using + an Info-like or a folding interface with single-key navigation. + +See below for the full list of contributions! Again, please let me +know what I am missing here! + +** From Bastien +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +I (Bastien) have been maintaining Org between 2011 and 2013. This +appendix would not be complete without adding a few more +acknowledgments and thanks. + +I am first grateful to Carsten for his trust while handing me over the +maintainership of Org. His unremitting support is what really helped +me getting more confident over time, with both the community and the +code. + +When I took over maintainership, I knew I would have to make Org more +collaborative than ever, as I would have to rely on people that are +more knowledgeable than I am on many parts of the code. Here is +a list of the persons I could rely on, they should really be +considered co-maintainers, either of the code or the community: + +- Eric Schulte :: + + Eric is maintaining the Babel parts of Org. His reactivity here + kept me away from worrying about possible bugs here and let me focus + on other parts. + +- Nicolas Goaziou :: + + Nicolas is maintaining the consistency of the deepest parts of Org. + His work on =org-element.el= and =ox.el= has been outstanding, and + it opened the doors for many new ideas and features. He rewrote + many of the old exporters to use the new export engine, and helped + with documenting this major change. More importantly (if that's + possible), he has been more than reliable during all the work done + for Org 8.0, and always very reactive on the mailing list. + +- Achim Gratz :: + + Achim rewrote the building process of Org, turning some /ad hoc/ + tools into a flexible and conceptually clean process. He patiently + coped with the many hiccups that such a change can create for users. + +- Nick Dokos :: + + The Org mode mailing list would not be such a nice place without + Nick, who patiently helped users so many times. It is impossible to + overestimate such a great help, and the list would not be so active + without him. + +I received support from so many users that it is clearly impossible to +be fair when shortlisting a few of them, but Org's history would not +be complete if the ones above were not mentioned in this manual. + +** List of Contributions +:PROPERTIES: +:UNNUMBERED: notoc +:END: + +- Russell Adams came up with the idea for drawers. + +- Thomas Baumann wrote =ol-bbdb.el= and =ol-mhe.el=. + +- Christophe Bataillon created the great unicorn logo that we use on + the Org mode website. + +- Alex Bochannek provided a patch for rounding timestamps. + +- Jan Böcker wrote =ol-docview.el=. + +- Brad Bozarth showed how to pull RSS feed data into Org files. + +- Tom Breton wrote =org-choose.el=. + +- Charles Cave's suggestion sparked the implementation of templates + for Remember, which are now templates for capture. + +- Timothy E Chapman worked on a complete overhaul of the orgmode.org + website in 2020 and helped fixing various bugs. + +- Pavel Chalmoviansky influenced the agenda treatment of items with + specified time. + +- Gregory Chernov patched support for Lisp forms into table + calculations and improved XEmacs compatibility, in particular by + porting =nouline.el= to XEmacs. + +- Sacha Chua suggested copying some linking code from Planner. + +- Baoqiu Cui contributed the DocBook exporter. + +- Eddward DeVilla proposed and tested checkbox statistics. He also + came up with the idea of properties, and that there should be an API + for them. + +- Nick Dokos tracked down several nasty bugs. + +- Kees Dullemond used to edit projects lists directly in HTML and so + inspired some of the early development, including HTML export. He + also asked for a way to narrow wide table columns. + +- Thomas\nbsp{}S.\nbsp{}Dye contributed documentation on Worg and helped + integrating the Org Babel documentation into the manual. + +- Christian Egli converted the documentation into Texinfo format, + inspired the agenda, patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, + and wrote =org-taskjuggler.el=. + +- David Emery provided a patch for custom CSS support in exported HTML + agendas. + +- Nic Ferrier contributed mailcap and XOXO support. + +- Miguel\nbsp{}A.\nbsp{}Figueroa-Villanueva implemented hierarchical checkboxes. + +- John Foerch figured out how to make incremental search show context + around a match in a hidden outline tree. + +- Raimar Finken wrote =org-git-line.el=. + +- Mikael Fornius works as a mailing list moderator. + +- Austin Frank works as a mailing list moderator. + +- Eric Fraga drove the development of Beamer export with ideas and + testing. + +- Barry Gidden did proofreading the manual in preparation for the book + publication through Network Theory Ltd. + +- Niels Giesen had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees. + +- Nicolas Goaziou rewrote much of the plain list code. + +- Kai Grossjohann pointed out key-binding conflicts with other + packages. + +- Brian Gough of Network Theory Ltd publishes the Org mode manual as + a book. + +- Bernt Hansen has driven much of the support for auto-repeating + tasks, task state change logging, and the clocktable. His clear + explanations have been critical when we started to adopt the Git + version control system. + +- Manuel Hermenegildo has contributed various ideas, small fixes and + patches. + +- Phil Jackson wrote =ol-irc.el=. + +- Scott Jaderholm proposed footnotes, control over whitespace between + folded entries, and column view for properties. + +- Matt Jones wrote MobileOrg Android. + +- Tokuya Kameshima wrote =org-wl.el= and =org-mew.el=. + +- Shidai Liu ("Leo") asked for embedded LaTeX and tested it. He also + provided frequent feedback and some patches. + +- Matt Lundin has proposed last-row references for table formulas and + named invisible anchors. He has also worked a lot on the FAQ. + +- David Maus wrote =org-atom.el=, maintains the issues file for Org, + and is a prolific contributor on the mailing list with competent + replies, small fixes and patches. + +- Jason\nbsp{}F.\nbsp{}McBrayer suggested agenda export to CSV format. + +- Kyle Meyer helped setting up the [[https://public-inbox.org/][public-inbox]] archive of the [[https://orgmode.org/list/][Org + mailing list]] and has been fixing many bugs. + +- Max Mikhanosha came up with the idea of refiling. + +- Dmitri Minaev sent a patch to set priority limits on a per-file + basis. + +- Stefan Monnier provided a patch to keep the Emacs Lisp compiler + happy. + +- Richard Moreland wrote MobileOrg for the iPhone. + +- Rick Moynihan proposed allowing multiple TODO sequences in a file + and being able to quickly restrict the agenda to a subtree. + +- Todd Neal provided patches for links to Info files and Elisp forms. + +- Greg Newman refreshed the unicorn logo into its current form. + +- Tim O'Callaghan suggested in-file links, search options for general + file links, and tags. + +- Osamu Okano wrote =orgcard2ref.pl=, a Perl program to create a text + version of the reference card. + +- Takeshi Okano translated the manual and David O'Toole's tutorial + into Japanese. + +- Oliver Oppitz suggested multi-state TODO items. + +- Scott Otterson sparked the introduction of descriptive text for + links, among other things. + +- Pete Phillips helped during the development of the TAGS feature, + and provided frequent feedback. + +- Martin Pohlack provided the code snippet to bundle character + insertion into bundles of 20 for undo. + +- Ihor Radchenko helped with fixing bugs and improving the user + experience regarding Org's speed. + +- T.\nbsp{}V.\nbsp{}Raman reported bugs and suggested improvements. + +- Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality + control. + +- Paul Rivier provided the basic implementation of named footnotes. + He also acted as mailing list moderator for some time. + +- Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts. + +- Frank Ruell solved the mystery of the =keymapp nil= bug, a conflict + with =allout.el=. + +- Jason Riedy generalized the send-receive mechanism for Orgtbl + tables with extensive patches. + +- Philip Rooke created the Org reference card, provided lots of + feedback, developed and applied standards to the Org documentation. + +- Christian Schlauer proposed angular brackets around links, among + other things. + +- Paul Sexton wrote =org-ctags.el=. + +- Tom Shannon's =organizer-mode.el= inspired linking to VM/BBDB/Gnus. + +- Ilya Shlyakhter proposed the Archive Sibling, line numbering in + literal examples, and remote highlighting for referenced code lines. + +- Stathis Sideris wrote the =ditaa.jar= ASCII to PNG converter that is + now packaged into the [[https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib][org-contrib]] repository. + +- Daniel Sinder came up with the idea of internal archiving by locking + subtrees. + +- Dale Smith proposed link abbreviations. + +- James TD Smith has contributed a large number of patches for + useful tweaks and features. + +- Adam Spiers asked for global linking commands, inspired the link + extension system, added support for Mairix, and proposed the mapping + API. + +- Ulf Stegemann created the table to translate special symbols to + HTML, LaTeX, UTF-8, Latin-1 and ASCII. + +- Andy Stewart contributed code to =ol-w3m.el=, to copy + HTML content with links transformation to Org syntax. + +- David O'Toole wrote =org-publish.el= and drafted the + manual chapter about publishing. + +- Jambunathan\nbsp{}K.\nbsp{}contributed the ODT exporter. + +- Sebastien Vauban reported many issues with LaTeX and Beamer export + and enabled source code highlighting in Gnus. + +- Stefan Vollmar organized a video-recorded talk at the + Max-Planck-Institute for Neurology. He also inspired the creation + of a concept index for HTML export. + +- Jürgen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents in + HTML output. + +- Samuel Wales has provided important feedback and bug reports. + +- Chris Wallace provided a patch implementing the =QUOTE= block. + +- David Wainberg suggested archiving, and improvements to the + linking system. + +- Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in + linking to Gnus. + +- Roland Winkler requested additional key bindings to make Org work on + a TTY. + +- Piotr Zielinski wrote =org-mouse.el=, proposed agenda + blocks and contributed various ideas and code snippets. + +- Marco Wahl wrote =ol-eww.el=. + +* GNU Free Documentation License +:PROPERTIES: +:APPENDIX: t +:DESCRIPTION: The license for this documentation. +:END: + +#+include: fdl.org + +* Main Index +:PROPERTIES: +:INDEX: cp +:DESCRIPTION: An index of Org's concepts and features. +:END: + +* Key Index +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Key bindings and where they are described. +:INDEX: ky +:END: + +* Command and Function Index +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Command names and some internal functions. +:INDEX: fn +:END: + +* Variable Index +:PROPERTIES: +:DESCRIPTION: Variables mentioned in the manual. +:INDEX: vr +:END: + +This is not a complete index of variables and faces, only the ones +that are mentioned in the manual. For a more complete list, use +{{{kbd(M-x org-customize)}}} and then click yourself through the tree. + +* Copying +:PROPERTIES: +:copying: t +:END: + +This manual is for Org version {{{version}}}. + +Copyright \copy 2004--2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +#+begin_quote +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," +and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." + +(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have the freedom to copy and +modify this GNU manual." +#+end_quote + +* Export Setup :noexport: + +#+setupfile: doc-setup.org + +#+export_file_name: org.texi + +#+texinfo_dir_category: Emacs editing modes +#+texinfo_dir_title: Org Mode: (org) +#+texinfo_dir_desc: Outline-based notes management and organizer + +* Footnotes + +[fn:1] If you do not use Font Lock globally turn it on in Org buffer +with =(add-hook 'org-mode-hook #'turn-on-font-lock)=. + +[fn:2] Please consider subscribing to the mailing list in order to +minimize the work the mailing list moderators have to do. + +[fn:3] See the variables ~org-special-ctrl-a/e~, ~org-special-ctrl-k~, +and ~org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree~ to configure special behavior of +{{{kbd(C-a)}}}, {{{kbd(C-e)}}}, and {{{kbd(C-k)}}} in headlines. Note +also that clocking only works with headings indented less than 30 +stars. + +[fn:4] See, however, the option ~org-cycle-emulate-tab~. + +[fn:5] The indirect buffer contains the entire buffer, but is narrowed +to the current tree. Editing the indirect buffer also changes the +original buffer, but without affecting visibility in that buffer. For +more information about indirect buffers, see [[info:emacs#Indirect Buffers][GNU Emacs Manual]]. + +[fn:6] When ~org-agenda-inhibit-startup~ is non-~nil~, Org does not +honor the default visibility state when first opening a file for the +agenda (see [[*Speeding Up Your Agendas]]). + +[fn:7] See also the variable ~org-show-context-detail~ to decide how +much context is shown around each match. + +[fn:8] This depends on the option ~org-remove-highlights-with-change~. + +[fn:9] When using =*= as a bullet, lines must be indented so that they +are not interpreted as headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading +stars to get a clean outline view, plain list items starting with +a star may be hard to distinguish from true headlines. In short: even +though =*= is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain list +items. + +[fn:10] You can filter out any of them by configuring +~org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator~. + +[fn:11] You can also get =a.=, =A.=, =a)= and =A)= by configuring +~org-list-allow-alphabetical~. To minimize confusion with normal +text, those are limited to one character only. Beyond that limit, +bullets automatically become numbers. + +[fn:12] If there's a checkbox in the item, the cookie must be put +/before/ the checkbox. If you have activated alphabetical lists, you +can also use counters like =[@b]=. + +[fn:13] If you do not want the item to be split, customize the +variable ~org-M-RET-may-split-line~. + +[fn:14] If you want to cycle around items that way, you may customize +~org-list-use-circular-motion~. + +[fn:15] See ~org-list-use-circular-motion~ for a cyclic behavior. + +[fn:16] Many desktops intercept {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}} to switch windows. +Use {{{kbd(C-M-i)}}} or {{{kbd(ESC TAB)}}} instead. + +[fn:17] To insert a vertical bar into a table field, use =\vert= or, +inside a word =abc\vert{}def=. + +[fn:18] Org understands references typed by the user as =B4=, but it +does not use this syntax when offering a formula for editing. You can +customize this behavior using the variable +~org-table-use-standard-references~. + +[fn:19] The computation time scales as O(N^2) because table +{{{var(FOO)}}} is parsed for each field to be copied. + +[fn:20] The file =constants.el= can supply the values of constants in +two different unit systems, =SI= and =cgs=. Which one is used depends +on the value of the variable ~constants-unit-system~. You can use the +=STARTUP= options =constSI= and =constcgs= to set this value for the +current buffer. + +[fn:21] The printf reformatting is limited in precision because the +value passed to it is converted into an "integer" or "double". The +"integer" is limited in size by truncating the signed value to 32 +bits. The "double" is limited in precision to 64 bits overall which +leaves approximately 16 significant decimal digits. + +[fn:22] Such names must start with an alphabetic character and use +only alphanumeric/underscore characters. + +[fn:23] Plain URIs are recognized only for a well-defined set of +schemes. See [[*External Links]]. Unlike URI syntax, they cannot contain +parenthesis or white spaces, either. URIs within angle brackets have +no such limitation. + +[fn:24] More accurately, the precise behavior depends on how point +arrived there---see [[info:elisp#Invisible Text][Invisible Text]]. + +[fn:25] To insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion +can be used. Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into +the buffer and press {{{kbd(M-TAB)}}}. All headlines in the current +buffer are offered as completions. + +[fn:26] When targeting a =NAME= keyword, the =CAPTION= keyword is +mandatory in order to get proper numbering (see [[*Captions]]). + +[fn:27] The actual behavior of the search depends on the value of the +variable ~org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline~. If its value is +~nil~, then a fuzzy text search is done. If it is ~t~, then only the +exact headline is matched, ignoring spaces and statistic cookies. If +the value is ~query-to-create~, then an exact headline is searched; if +it is not found, then the user is queried to create it. + +[fn:28] If the headline contains a timestamp, it is removed from the +link, which results in a wrong link---you should avoid putting +a timestamp in the headline. + +[fn:29] The Org Id library must first be loaded, either through +~org-customize~, by enabling ~id~ in ~org-modules~, or by adding +=(require 'org-id)= in your Emacs init file. + +[fn:30] Note that you do not have to use this command to insert +a link. Links in Org are plain text, and you can type or paste them +straight into the buffer. By using this command, the links are +automatically enclosed in double brackets, and you will be asked for +the optional descriptive text. + +[fn:31] After insertion of a stored link, the link will be removed +from the list of stored links. To keep it in the list for later use, +use a triple {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument to {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}, or +configure the option ~org-link-keep-stored-after-insertion~. + +[fn:32] This works if a function has been defined in the ~:complete~ +property of a link in ~org-link-parameters~. + +[fn:33] See the variable ~org-link-use-indirect-buffer-for-internals~. + +[fn:34] For backward compatibility, line numbers can also follow a +single colon. + +[fn:35] Of course, you can make a document that contains only long +lists of TODO items, but this is not required. + +[fn:36] Changing the variable ~org-todo-keywords~ only becomes +effective after restarting Org mode in a buffer. + +[fn:37] This is also true for the {{{kbd(t)}}} command in the agenda +buffer. + +[fn:38] All characters are allowed except =@=, =^= and =!=, which have +a special meaning here. + +[fn:39] Check also the variable ~org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo~, +it allows you to change the TODO state through the tags interface (see +[[*Setting Tags]]), in case you like to mingle the two concepts. Note +that this means you need to come up with unique keys across both sets +of keywords. + +[fn:40] Org mode parses these lines only when Org mode is activated +after visiting a file. {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with point in a line +starting with =#+= is simply restarting Org mode for the current +buffer. + +[fn:41] The corresponding in-buffer setting is: =#+STARTUP: logdone=. + +[fn:42] The corresponding in-buffer setting is: =#+STARTUP: +lognotedone=. + +[fn:43] See the variable ~org-log-states-order-reversed~. + +[fn:44] Note that the =LOGBOOK= drawer is unfolded when pressing +{{{kbd(SPC)}}} in the agenda to show an entry---use {{{kbd(C-u +SPC)}}} to keep it folded here. + +[fn:45] It is possible that Org mode records two timestamps when you +are using both ~org-log-done~ and state change logging. However, it +never prompts for two notes: if you have configured both, the state +change recording note takes precedence and cancel the closing note. + +[fn:46] See also the option ~org-priority-start-cycle-with-default~. + +[fn:47] To keep subtasks out of the global TODO list, see the option +~org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels~. + +[fn:48] With the exception of description lists. But you can allow it +by modifying ~org-list-automatic-rules~ accordingly. + +[fn:49] Set the variable ~org-hierarchical-checkbox-statistics~ if you +want such cookies to count all checkboxes below the cookie, not just +those belonging to direct children. + +[fn:50] {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-c)}}} on the /first/ item of a list with no +checkbox adds checkboxes to the rest of the list. + +[fn:51] As with all these in-buffer settings, pressing {{{kbd(C-c +C-c)}}} activates any changes in the line. + +[fn:52] This is only true if the search does not involve more complex +tests including properties (see [[*Property Searches]]). + +[fn:53] To extend this default list to all tags used in all agenda +files (see [[*Agenda Views]]), customize the variable +~org-complete-tags-always-offer-all-agenda-tags~. + +[fn:54] Keys are automatically assigned to tags that have no +configured keys. + +[fn:55] If more than one summary type applies to the same property, +the parent values are computed according to the first of them. + +[fn:56] An age can be defined as a duration, using units defined in +~org-duration-units~, e.g., =3d 1h=. If any value in the column is as +such, the summary is also expressed as a duration. + +[fn:57] Please note that the =COLUMNS= definition must be on a single +line; it is wrapped here only because of formatting constraints. + +[fn:58] Contributed packages are not part of Emacs, but are +distributed with the main distribution of Org---visit +[[https://orgmode.org]]. + +[fn:59] The Org date format is inspired by the standard ISO 8601 +date/time format. To use an alternative format, see [[*Custom time +format]]. The day name is optional when you type the date yourself. +However, any date inserted or modified by Org adds that day name, for +reading convenience. + +[fn:60] When working with the standard diary expression functions, you +need to be very careful with the order of the arguments. That order +depends evilly on the variable ~calendar-date-style~. For example, to +specify a date December 12, 2005, the call might look like +=(diary-date 12 1 2005)= or =(diary-date 1 12 2005)= or =(diary-date +2005 12 1)=, depending on the settings. This has been the source of +much confusion. Org mode users can resort to special versions of +these functions like ~org-date~ or ~org-anniversary~. These work just +like the corresponding ~diary-~ functions, but with stable ISO order +of arguments (year, month, day) wherever applicable, independent of +the value of ~calendar-date-style~. + +[fn:61] See the variable ~org-read-date-prefer-future~. You may set +that variable to the symbol ~time~ to even make a time before now +shift the date to tomorrow. + +[fn:62] If you do not need/want the calendar, configure the variable +~org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt~. + +[fn:63] You can also use the calendar command {{{kbd(.)}}} to jump to +today's date, but if you are inserting an hour specification for your +timestamp, {{{kbd(.)}}} will then insert a dot after the hour. By contrast, +{{{kbd(C-.)}}} will always jump to today's date. + +[fn:64] If you find this distracting, turn off the display with +~org-read-date-display-live~. + +[fn:65] It will still be listed on that date after it has been marked +as done. If you do not like this, set the variable +~org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done~. + +[fn:66] The =SCHEDULED= and =DEADLINE= dates are inserted on the line +right below the headline. Do not put any text between this line and +the headline. + +[fn:67] Note the corresponding =STARTUP= options =logredeadline=, +=lognoteredeadline=, and =nologredeadline=. + +[fn:68] Note the corresponding =STARTUP= options =logreschedule=, +=lognotereschedule=, and =nologreschedule=. + +[fn:69] Org does not repeat inactive timestamps, however. See +[[*Timestamps]]. + +[fn:70] In fact, the target state is taken from, in this sequence, the +=REPEAT_TO_STATE= property, the variable ~org-todo-repeat-to-state~ if +it is a string, the previous TODO state if ~org-todo-repeat-to-state~ +is ~t~, or the first state of the TODO state sequence. + +[fn:71] You can change this using the option ~org-log-repeat~, or the +=STARTUP= options =logrepeat=, =lognoterepeat=, and =nologrepeat=. +With =lognoterepeat=, you will also be prompted for a note. + +[fn:72] Clocking only works if all headings are indented with less +than 30 stars. This is a hard-coded limitation of ~lmax~ in +~org-clock-sum~. + +[fn:73] To resume the clock under the assumption that you have worked +on this task while outside Emacs, use =(setq org-clock-persist t)=. + +[fn:74] To add an effort estimate "on the fly", hook a function doing +this to ~org-clock-in-prepare-hook~. + +[fn:75] The last reset of the task is recorded by the =LAST_REPEAT= +property. + +[fn:76] See also the variable ~org-clock-mode-line-total~. + +[fn:77] The corresponding in-buffer setting is: =#+STARTUP: +lognoteclock-out=. + +[fn:78] When using ~:step~, ~untilnow~ starts from the beginning of +2003, not the beginning of time. + +[fn:79] Language terms can be set through the variable +~org-clock-clocktable-language-setup~. + +[fn:80] Note that all parameters must be specified in a single +line---the line is broken here only to fit it into the manual. + +[fn:81] On computers using macOS, idleness is based on actual user +idleness, not just Emacs' idle time. For X11, you can install a +utility program =x11idle.c=, available in the =org-contrib/= +repository, or install the xprintidle package and set it to the +variable ~org-clock-x11idle-program-name~ if you are running Debian, +to get the same general treatment of idleness. On other systems, idle +time refers to Emacs idle time only. + +[fn:82] Please note the pitfalls of summing hierarchical data in +a flat list (see [[*Using Column View in the Agenda]]). + +[fn:83] Note the corresponding =STARTUP= options =logrefile=, +=lognoterefile=, and =nologrefile=. + +[fn:84] Org used to offer four different targets for date/week tree +capture. Now, Org automatically translates these to use +~file+olp+datetree~, applying the ~:time-prompt~ and ~:tree-type~ +properties. Please rewrite your date/week-tree targets using +~file+olp+datetree~ since the older targets are now deprecated. + +[fn:85] A date tree is an outline structure with years on the highest +level, months or ISO weeks as sublevels and then dates on the lowest +level. Tags are allowed in the tree structure. + +[fn:86] When the file name is not absolute, Org assumes it is relative +to ~org-directory~. + +[fn:87] If you need one of these sequences literally, escape the =%= +with a backslash. + +[fn:88] If you define your own link types (see [[*Adding Hyperlink +Types]]), any property you store with ~org-store-link-props~ can be +accessed in capture templates in a similar way. + +[fn:89] This is always the other, not the user. See the variable +~org-link-from-user-regexp~. + +[fn:90] If you move entries or Org files from one directory to +another, you may want to configure ~org-attach-id-dir~ to contain +an absolute path. + +[fn:91] If the value of that variable is not a list, but a single file +name, then the list of agenda files in maintained in that external +file. + +[fn:92] When using the dispatcher, pressing {{{kbd(<)}}} before +selecting a command actually limits the command to the current file, +and ignores ~org-agenda-files~ until the next dispatcher command. + +[fn:93] For backward compatibility, you can also press {{{kbd(1)}}} to +restrict to the current buffer. + +[fn:94] For backward compatibility, you can also press {{{kbd(0)}}} to +restrict to the current region/subtree. + +[fn:95] For backward compatibility, the universal prefix argument +{{{kbd(C-u)}}} causes all TODO entries to be listed before the agenda. +This feature is deprecated, use the dedicated TODO list, or a block +agenda instead (see [[*Block agenda]]). + +[fn:96] The variable ~org-anniversary~ used in the example is just +like ~diary-anniversary~, but the argument order is always according +to ISO and therefore independent of the value of +~calendar-date-style~. + +[fn:97] You can, however, disable this by setting +~org-agenda-search-headline-for-time~ variable to a ~nil~ value. + +[fn:98] Custom agenda commands can preset a filter by binding one of +the variables ~org-agenda-tag-filter-preset~, +~org-agenda-category-filter-preset~, ~org-agenda-effort-filter-preset~ +or ~org-agenda-regexp-filter-preset~ as an option. This filter is +then applied to the view and persists as a basic filter through +refreshes and more secondary filtering. The filter is a global +property of the entire agenda view---in a block agenda, you should +only set this in the global options section, not in the section of an +individual block. + +[fn:99] Only tags filtering is respected here, effort filtering is +ignored. + +[fn:100] You can also create persistent custom functions through +~org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions~. + +[fn:101] This file is parsed for the agenda when +~org-agenda-include-diary~ is set. + +[fn:102] You can provide a description for a prefix key by inserting +a cons cell with the prefix and the description. + +[fn:103] /Planned/ means here that these entries have some planning +information attached to them, like a time-stamp, a scheduled or +a deadline string. See ~org-agenda-entry-types~ on how to set what +planning information is taken into account. + +[fn:104] For HTML you need to install Hrvoje NikÅ¡ić's =htmlize.el= +as an Emacs package from MELPA or from [[https://github.com/hniksic/emacs-htmlize][Hrvoje NikÅ¡ić's repository]]. + +[fn:105] To create PDF output, the Ghostscript ps2pdf utility must be +installed on the system. Selecting a PDF file also creates the +postscript file. + +[fn:106] If you want to store standard views like the weekly agenda or +the global TODO list as well, you need to define custom commands for +them in order to be able to specify file names. + +[fn:107] Quoting depends on the system you use, please check the FAQ +for examples. + +[fn:108] You can turn this on by default by setting the variable +~org-pretty-entities~, or on a per-file base with the =STARTUP= option +=entitiespretty=. + +[fn:109] This behavior can be disabled with =-= export setting (see +[[*Export Settings]]). + +[fn:110] LaTeX is a macro system based on Donald\nbsp{}E.\nbsp{}Knuth's TeX +system. Many of the features described here as "LaTeX" are really +from TeX, but for simplicity I am blurring this distinction. + +[fn:111] When MathJax is used, only the environments recognized by +MathJax are processed. When dvipng, dvisvgm, or ImageMagick suite is +used to create images, any LaTeX environment is handled. + +[fn:112] These are respectively available at +[[http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/]], [[http://dvisvgm.bplaced.net/]] +and from the ImageMagick suite. Choose the converter by setting the +variable ~org-preview-latex-default-process~ accordingly. + +[fn:113] Org mode has a method to test if point is inside such +a fragment, see the documentation of the function +~org-inside-LaTeX-fragment-p~. + +[fn:114] This works automatically for the HTML backend (it requires +version 1.34 of the =htmlize.el= package, which you need to install). +Fontified code chunks in LaTeX can be achieved using either the +[[https://www.ctan.org/pkg/listings][listings]] package or the [[https://www.ctan.org/pkg/minted][minted]] package. Refer to +~org-latex-listings~ for details. + +[fn:115] Source code in code blocks may also be evaluated either +interactively or on export. See [[*Working with Source Code]] for more +information on evaluating code blocks. + +[fn:116] Adding =-k= to =-n -r= /keeps/ the labels in the source code +while using line numbers for the links, which might be useful to +explain those in an Org mode example code. + +[fn:117] You may select a different mode with the variable +~org-edit-fixed-width-region-mode~. + +[fn:118] What Emacs considers to be an image depends on +~image-file-name-extensions~ and ~image-file-name-regexps~. + +[fn:119] The variable ~org-startup-with-inline-images~ can be set +within a buffer with the =STARTUP= options =inlineimages= and +=noinlineimages=. + +[fn:120] The corresponding in-buffer setting is: =#+STARTUP: fninline= +or =#+STARTUP: nofninline=. + +[fn:121] The corresponding in-buffer options are =#+STARTUP: fnadjust= +and =#+STARTUP: nofnadjust=. + +[fn:122] The variable ~org-export-date-timestamp-format~ defines how +this timestamp are exported. + +[fn:123] For export to LaTeX format---or LaTeX-related formats such as +Beamer---, the =org-latex-package-alist= variable needs further +configuration. See [[LaTeX specific export settings]]. + +[fn:124] At the moment, some export back-ends do not obey this +specification. For example, LaTeX export excludes every unnumbered +headline from the table of contents. + +[fn:125] Note that ~org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline~ is +locally bound to non-~nil~. Therefore, ~org-link-search~ only matches +headlines and named elements. + +[fn:126] Since commas separate the arguments, commas within arguments +have to be escaped with the backslash character. So only those +backslash characters before a comma need escaping with another +backslash character. + +[fn:127] For a less drastic behavior, consider using a select tag (see +[[*Export Settings]]) instead. + +[fn:128] If =BEAMER_ENV= is set, Org export adds =B_environment= tag +to make it visible. The tag serves as a visual aid and has no +semantic relevance. + +[fn:129] By default Org loads MathJax from [[https://cdnjs.com][cdnjs.com]] as recommended by +[[https://www.mathjax.org][MathJax]]. + +[fn:130] Please note that exported formulas are part of an HTML +document, and that signs such as =<=, =>=, or =&= have special +meanings. See [[http://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/tex.html#tex-and-latex-in-html-documents][MathJax TeX and LaTeX support]]. + +[fn:131] See [[http://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/tex.html#tex-extensions][TeX and LaTeX extensions]] in the [[http://docs.mathjax.org][MathJax manual]] to learn +about extensions. + +[fn:132] If the classes on TODO keywords and tags lead to conflicts, +use the variables ~org-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix~ and +~org-html-tag-class-prefix~ to make them unique. + +[fn:133] This does not allow setting different bibliography compilers +for different files. However, "smart" LaTeX compilation systems, such +as latexmk, can select the correct bibliography compiler. + +[fn:134] Minted uses an external Python package for code highlighting, +which requires the flag =-shell-escape= to be added to +~org-latex-pdf-process~. + +[fn:135] See [[http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.2/OpenDocument-v1.2.html][Open Document Format for Office Applications +(OpenDocument) Version 1.2]]. + +[fn:136] See [[http://www.mathtoweb.com/cgi-bin/mathtoweb_home.pl][MathToWeb]]. + +[fn:137] See [[http://dlmf.nist.gov/LaTeXML/]]. + +[fn:138] [[http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.2/OpenDocument-v1.2.html][OpenDocument-v1.2 Specification]] + +[fn:139] See the == element of the +OpenDocument-v1.2 specification. + +[fn:140] See the attributes =table:template-name=, +=table:use-first-row-styles=, =table:use-last-row-styles=, +=table:use-first-column-styles=, =table:use-last-column-styles=, +=table:use-banding-rows-styles=, and =table:use-banding-column-styles= +of the == element in the OpenDocument-v1.2 specification. + +[fn:141] If the publishing directory is the same as the source +directory, =file.org= is exported as =file.org.org=, so you probably +do not want to do this. + +[fn:142] The option ~org-babel-no-eval-on-ctrl-c-ctrl-c~ can be used +to remove code evaluation from the {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} key binding. + +[fn:143] Actually, the constructs =call_()= and =src_{}= +are not evaluated when they appear in a keyword (see [[*Summary of +In-Buffer Settings]]). + +[fn:144] For noweb literate programming details, see +http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/noweb/. + +[fn:145] For more information, please refer to the commentary section +in =org-tempo.el=. + +[fn:146] Org Indent mode also sets ~wrap-prefix~ correctly for +indenting and wrapping long lines of headlines or text. This minor +mode also handles Visual Line mode and directly applied settings +through ~word-wrap~. + +[fn:147] This works, but requires extra effort. Org Indent mode is +more convenient for most applications. + +[fn:148] ~org-adapt-indentation~ can also be set to ='headline-data=, +in which case only data lines below the headline will be indented. + +[fn:149] Note that Org Indent mode also sets the ~wrap-prefix~ +property, such that Visual Line mode (or purely setting ~word-wrap~) +wraps long lines, including headlines, correctly indented. + +[fn:150] For a server to host files, consider using a WebDAV server, +such as [[https://nextcloud.com][Nextcloud]]. Additional help is at this [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-faq.html#mobileorg_webdav][FAQ entry]]. + +[fn:151] If Emacs is configured for safe storing of passwords, then +configure the variable ~org-mobile-encryption-password~; please read +the docstring of that variable. + +[fn:152] Symbolic links in ~org-directory~ need to have the same name +as their targets. + +[fn:153] While creating the agendas, Org mode forces =ID= properties +on all referenced entries, so that these entries can be uniquely +identified if Org Mobile flags them for further action. To avoid +setting properties configure the variable +~org-mobile-force-id-on-agenda-items~ to ~nil~. Org mode then relies +on outline paths, assuming they are unique. + +[fn:154] Checksums are stored automatically in the file +=checksums.dat=. + +[fn:155] The file will be empty after this operation. + +[fn:156] https://www.ctan.org/pkg/comment + +[fn:157] By default this works only for LaTeX, HTML, and Texinfo. +Configure the variable ~orgtbl-radio-table-templates~ to install +templates for other modes. + +[fn:158] If the =TBLFM= keyword contains an odd number of dollar +characters, this may cause problems with Font Lock in LaTeX mode. As +shown in the example you can fix this by adding an extra line inside +the =comment= environment that is used to balance the dollar +expressions. If you are using AUCTeX with the font-latex library, +a much better solution is to add the =comment= environment to the +variable ~LaTeX-verbatim-environments~. + +[fn:159] The ~agenda*~ view is the same as ~agenda~ except that it +only considers /appointments/, i.e., scheduled and deadline items that +have a time specification =[h]h:mm= in their time-stamps. + +[fn:160] Note that, for ~org-odd-levels-only~, a level number +corresponds to order in the hierarchy, not to the number of stars. diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-version.inc b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-version.inc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..22fb34e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org-version.inc @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +@c automatically generated, do not edit +@set VERSION 9.5.2 (9.5.2-gfbff08) +@set DATE 2021-12-24 diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org.texi b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org.texi new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a1969897 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/org.texi @@ -0,0 +1,23491 @@ +\input texinfo @c -*- texinfo -*- +@c %**start of header +@setfilename org.info +@settitle The Org Manual +@documentencoding UTF-8 +@documentlanguage en +@set txicodequoteundirected +@set txicodequotebacktick +@set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{https://orgmode.org,maintainers webpage} +@set MAINTAINER Bastien Guerry +@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{bzg@gnu.org} +@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:bzg@gnu.org,contact the maintainer} +@c %**end of header + +@copying +This manual is for Org version 9.5. + +Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +@quotation +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' +and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.'' + +(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and +modify this GNU manual.'' + +@end quotation +@end copying + +@dircategory Emacs editing modes +@direntry +* Org Mode: (org). Outline-based notes management and organizer. +@end direntry + +@finalout +@titlepage +@title The Org Manual +@subtitle Release 9.5 +@author The Org Mode Developers +@page +@vskip 0pt plus 1filll +@insertcopying +@end titlepage + +@contents + +@ifnottex +@node Top +@top The Org Manual + +@insertcopying +@end ifnottex + +@menu +* Introduction:: Getting started. +* Document Structure:: A tree works like your brain. +* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting. +* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context. +* TODO Items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item. +* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags. +* Properties and Columns:: Storing information about an entry. +* Dates and Times:: Making items useful for planning. +* Refiling and Archiving:: Moving and copying information with ease. +* Capture and Attachments:: Dealing with external data. +* Agenda Views:: Collecting information into views. +* Markup for Rich Contents:: Compose beautiful documents. +* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing notes. +* Publishing:: Create a web site of linked Org files. +* Citation handling:: create, follow and export citations. +* Working with Source Code:: Export, evaluate, and tangle code blocks. +* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere. +* Hacking:: How to hack your way around. +* History and Acknowledgments:: How Org came into being. +* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. +* Main Index:: An index of Org's concepts and features. +* Key Index:: Key bindings and where they are described. +* Command and Function Index:: Command names and some internal functions. +* Variable Index:: Variables mentioned in the manual. + +@detailmenu +--- The Detailed Node Listing --- + +Introduction + +* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org does. +* Installation:: Installing Org. +* Activation:: How to activate Org for certain buffers. +* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches, etc. +* Conventions:: Typesetting conventions used in this manual. + +Document Structure + +* Headlines:: How to typeset Org tree headlines. +* Visibility Cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified. +* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines. +* Structure Editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines. +* Sparse Trees:: Matches embedded in context. +* Plain Lists:: Additional structure within an entry. +* Drawers:: Tucking stuff away. +* Blocks:: Folding blocks. + +Visibility Cycling + +* Global and local cycling:: Cycling through various visibility states. +* Initial visibility:: Setting the initial visibility state. +* Catching invisible edits:: Preventing mistakes when editing invisible parts. + +Tables + +* Built-in Table Editor:: Simple tables. +* Column Width and Alignment:: Overrule the automatic settings. +* Column Groups:: Grouping to trigger vertical lines. +* Orgtbl Mode:: The table editor as minor mode. +* The Spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities. +* Org Plot:: Plotting from Org tables. + +The Spreadsheet + +* References:: How to refer to another field or range. +* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff. +* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp. +* Durations and time values:: How to compute durations and time values. +* Field and range formulas:: Formula for specific (ranges of) fields. +* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column. +* Lookup functions:: Lookup functions for searching tables. +* Editing and debugging formulas:: Fixing formulas. +* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields. +* Advanced features:: Field and column names, automatic recalculation... + +Hyperlinks + +* Link Format:: How links in Org are formatted. +* Internal Links:: Links to other places in the current file. +* Radio Targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text. +* External Links:: URL-like links to the world. +* Handling Links:: Creating, inserting and following. +* Using Links Outside Org:: Linking from my C source code? +* Link Abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links. +* Search Options:: Linking to a specific location. +* Custom Searches:: When the default search is not enough. + +TODO Items + +* TODO Basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries. +* TODO Extensions:: Workflow and assignments. +* Progress Logging:: Dates and notes for progress. +* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others. +* Breaking Down Tasks:: Splitting a task into manageable pieces. +* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists. + +TODO Extensions + +* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps. +* TODO types:: I do this, Fred does the rest. +* Multiple sets in one file:: Mixing it all, still finding your way. +* Fast access to TODO states:: Single letter selection of state. +* Per-file keywords:: Different files, different requirements. +* Faces for TODO keywords:: Highlighting states. +* TODO dependencies:: When one task needs to wait for others. + +Progress Logging + +* Closing items:: When was this entry marked as done? +* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change? +* Tracking your habits:: How consistent have you been? + +Tags + +* Tag Inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of an outline. +* Setting Tags:: How to assign tags to a headline. +* Tag Hierarchy:: Create a hierarchy of tags. +* Tag Searches:: Searching for combinations of tags. + +Properties and Columns + +* Property Syntax:: How properties are spelled out. +* Special Properties:: Access to other Org mode features. +* Property Searches:: Matching property values. +* Property Inheritance:: Passing values down a tree. +* Column View:: Tabular viewing and editing. + +Column View + +* Defining columns:: The COLUMNS format property. +* Using column view:: How to create and use column view. +* Capturing column view:: A dynamic block for column view. + +Defining columns + +* Scope of column definitions:: Where defined, where valid? +* Column attributes:: Appearance and content of a column. + +Dates and Times + +* Timestamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry. +* Creating Timestamps:: Commands to insert timestamps. +* Deadlines and Scheduling:: Planning your work. +* Clocking Work Time:: Tracking how long you spend on a task. +* Effort Estimates:: Planning work effort in advance. +* Timers:: Notes with a running timer. + +Creating Timestamps + +* The date/time prompt:: How Org mode helps you enter dates and times. +* Custom time format:: Making dates look different. + +Deadlines and Scheduling + +* Inserting deadline/schedule:: Planning items. +* Repeated tasks:: Items that show up again and again. + +Clocking Work Time + +* Clocking commands:: Starting and stopping a clock. +* The clock table:: Detailed reports. +* Resolving idle time:: Resolving time when you've been idle. + +Refiling and Archiving + +* Refile and Copy:: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another. +* Archiving:: What to do with finished products. + +Archiving + +* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file. +* Internal archiving:: Switch off a tree but keep it in the file. + +Capture and Attachments + +* Capture:: Capturing new stuff. +* Attachments:: Attach files to outlines. +* RSS Feeds:: Getting input from RSS feeds. + +Capture + +* Setting up capture:: Where notes will be stored. +* Using capture:: Commands to invoke and terminate capture. +* Capture templates:: Define the outline of different note types. + +Capture templates + +* Template elements:: What is needed for a complete template entry. +* Template expansion:: Filling in information about time and context. +* Templates in contexts:: Only show a template in a specific context. + +Attachments + +* Attachment defaults and dispatcher:: How to access attachment commands +* Attachment options:: Configuring the attachment system +* Attachment links:: Hyperlink access to attachments +* Automatic version-control with Git:: Everything safely stored away +* Attach from Dired:: Using dired to select an attachment + +Agenda Views + +* Agenda Files:: Files being searched for agenda information. +* Agenda Dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views. +* Built-in Agenda Views:: What is available out of the box? +* Presentation and Sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display. +* Agenda Commands:: Remote editing of Org trees. +* Custom Agenda Views:: Defining special searches and views. +* Exporting Agenda Views:: Writing a view to a file. +* Agenda Column View:: Using column view for collected entries. + +Built-in Agenda Views + +* Weekly/daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks. +* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items. +* Matching tags and properties:: Structured information with fine-tuned search. +* Search view:: Find entries by searching for text. +* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review. + +Presentation and Sorting + +* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal. +* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time. +* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things. +* Filtering/limiting agenda items:: Dynamically narrow the agenda. + +Custom Agenda Views + +* Storing searches:: Type once, use often. +* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer. +* Setting options:: Changing the rules. + +Markup for Rich Contents + +* Paragraphs:: The basic unit of text. +* Emphasis and Monospace:: Bold, italic, etc. +* Subscripts and Superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text. +* Special Symbols:: Greek letters and other symbols. +* Embedded @LaTeX{}:: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents. +* Literal Examples:: Source code examples with special formatting. +* Images:: Display an image. +* Captions:: Describe tables, images... +* Horizontal Rules:: Make a line. +* Creating Footnotes:: Edit and read footnotes. + +Embedded @LaTeX{} + +* @LaTeX{} fragments:: Complex formulas made easy. +* Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments:: What will this snippet look like? +* CD@LaTeX{} mode:: Speed up entering of formulas. + +Exporting + +* The Export Dispatcher:: The main interface. +* Export Settings:: Common export settings. +* Table of Contents:: The if and where of the table of contents. +* Include Files:: Include additional files into a document. +* Macro Replacement:: Use macros to create templates. +* Comment Lines:: What will not be exported. +* ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export:: Exporting to flat files with encoding. +* Beamer Export:: Producing presentations and slides. +* HTML Export:: Exporting to HTML. +* @LaTeX{} Export:: Exporting to @LaTeX{} and processing to PDF. +* Markdown Export:: Exporting to Markdown. +* OpenDocument Text Export:: Exporting to OpenDocument Text. +* Org Export:: Exporting to Org. +* Texinfo Export:: Exporting to Texinfo. +* iCalendar Export:: Exporting to iCalendar. +* Other Built-in Back-ends:: Exporting to a man page. +* Advanced Export Configuration:: Fine-tuning the export output. +* Export in Foreign Buffers:: Author tables and lists in Org syntax. + +Beamer Export + +* Beamer export commands:: For creating Beamer documents. +* Beamer specific export settings:: For customizing Beamer export. +* Frames and Blocks in Beamer:: For composing Beamer slides. +* Beamer specific syntax:: For using in Org documents. +* Editing support:: Editing support. +* A Beamer example:: A complete presentation. + +HTML Export + +* HTML export commands:: Invoking HTML export. +* HTML specific export settings:: Settings for HTML export. +* HTML doctypes:: Exporting various (X)HTML flavors. +* HTML preamble and postamble:: Inserting preamble and postamble. +* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org files. +* Headlines in HTML export:: Formatting headlines. +* Links in HTML export:: Inserting and formatting links. +* Tables in HTML export:: How to modify the formatting of tables. +* Images in HTML export:: How to insert figures into HTML output. +* Math formatting in HTML export:: Beautiful math also on the web. +* Text areas in HTML export:: An alternate way to show an example. +* CSS support:: Changing the appearance of the output. +* JavaScript support:: Info and folding in a web browser. + +@LaTeX{} Export + +* @LaTeX{}/PDF export commands:: For producing @LaTeX{} and PDF documents. +* @LaTeX{} specific export settings:: Unique to this @LaTeX{} back-end. +* @LaTeX{} header and sectioning:: Setting up the export file structure. +* Quoting @LaTeX{} code:: Incorporating literal @LaTeX{} code. +* Tables in @LaTeX{} export:: Options for exporting tables to @LaTeX{}. +* Images in @LaTeX{} export:: How to insert figures into @LaTeX{} output. +* Plain lists in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to lists. +* Source blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to source code blocks. +* Example blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to example blocks. +* Special blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to special blocks. +* Horizontal rules in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to horizontal rules. +* Verse blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to special blocks. +* Quote blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to quote blocks. + +OpenDocument Text Export + +* Pre-requisites for ODT export:: Required packages. +* ODT export commands:: Invoking export. +* ODT specific export settings:: Configuration options. +* Extending ODT export:: Producing DOC, PDF files. +* Applying custom styles:: Styling the output. +* Links in ODT export:: Handling and formatting links. +* Tables in ODT export:: Org tables conversions. +* Images in ODT export:: Inserting images. +* Math formatting in ODT export:: Formatting @LaTeX{} fragments. +* Labels and captions in ODT export:: Rendering objects. +* Literal examples in ODT export:: For source code and example blocks. +* Advanced topics in ODT export:: For power users. + +Math formatting in ODT export + +* @LaTeX{} math snippets:: Embedding in @LaTeX{} format. +* MathML and OpenDocument formula files:: Embedding in native format. + +Texinfo Export + +* Texinfo export commands:: Invoking commands. +* Texinfo specific export settings:: Setting the environment. +* Texinfo file header:: Generating the header. +* Texinfo title and copyright page:: Creating preamble pages. +* Info directory file:: Installing a manual in Info file hierarchy. +* Headings and sectioning structure:: Building document structure. +* Indices:: Creating indices. +* Quoting Texinfo code:: Incorporating literal Texinfo code. +* Plain lists in Texinfo export:: List attributes. +* Tables in Texinfo export:: Table attributes. +* Images in Texinfo export:: Image attributes. +* Quotations in Texinfo export:: Quote block attributes. +* Special blocks in Texinfo export:: Special block attributes. +* A Texinfo example:: Processing Org to Texinfo. + +Export in Foreign Buffers + +* Bare HTML:: Exporting HTML without CSS, Javascript, etc. + +Publishing + +* Configuration:: Defining projects. +* Uploading Files:: How to get files up on the server. +* Sample Configuration:: Example projects. +* Triggering Publication:: Publication commands. + +Configuration + +* Project alist:: The central configuration variable. +* Sources and destinations:: From here to there. +* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project? +* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing. +* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML/@LaTeX{} export. +* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing? +* Site map:: Generating a list of all pages. +* Generating an index:: An index that reaches across pages. + +Sample Configuration + +* Simple example:: One-component publishing. +* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example. + +Citation handling + +* Citations:: +* Citation export processors:: + +Working with Source Code + +* Features Overview:: Enjoy the versatility of source blocks. +* Structure of Code Blocks:: Code block syntax described. +* Using Header Arguments:: Different ways to set header arguments. +* Environment of a Code Block:: Arguments, sessions, working directory... +* Evaluating Code Blocks:: Place results of evaluation in the Org buffer. +* Results of Evaluation:: Choosing a results type, post-processing... +* Exporting Code Blocks:: Export contents and/or results. +* Extracting Source Code:: Create pure source code files. +* Languages:: List of supported code block languages. +* Editing Source Code:: Language major-mode editing. +* Noweb Reference Syntax:: Literate programming in Org mode. +* Library of Babel:: Use and contribute to a library of useful code blocks. +* Key bindings and Useful Functions:: Work quickly with code blocks. +* Batch Execution:: Call functions from the command line. + +Miscellaneous + +* Completion:: @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} guesses completions. +* Structure Templates:: Quick insertion of structural elements. +* Speed Keys:: Electric commands at the beginning of a headline. +* Clean View:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline. +* Execute commands in the active region:: Execute commands on multiple items in Org or agenda view. +* Dynamic Headline Numbering:: Display and update outline numbering. +* The Very Busy @kbd{C-c C-c} Key:: When in doubt, press @kbd{C-c C-c}. +* In-buffer Settings:: Overview of keywords. +* Regular Expressions:: Elisp regular expressions. +* Org Syntax:: Formal description of Org's syntax. +* Documentation Access:: Read documentation about current syntax. +* Escape Character:: Prevent Org from interpreting your writing. +* Code Evaluation Security:: Org files evaluate in-line code. +* Interaction:: With other Emacs packages. +* TTY Keys:: Using Org on a tty. +* Protocols:: External access to Emacs and Org. +* Org Crypt:: Encrypting Org files. +* Org Mobile:: Viewing and capture on a mobile device. + +Clean View + +* Org Indent Mode:: +* Hard indentation:: + +Interaction + +* Cooperation:: Packages Org cooperates with. +* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts. + +Protocols + +* The @code{store-link} protocol:: Store a link, push URL to kill-ring. +* The @code{capture} protocol:: Fill a buffer with external information. +* The @code{open-source} protocol:: Edit published contents. + +Org Mobile + +* Setting up the staging area:: For the mobile device. +* Pushing to the mobile application:: Uploading Org files and agendas. +* Pulling from the mobile application:: Integrating captured and flagged items. + +Hacking + +* Hooks:: How to reach into Org's internals. +* Add-on Packages:: Available extensions. +* Adding Hyperlink Types:: New custom link types. +* Adding Export Back-ends:: How to write new export back-ends. +* Tables in Arbitrary Syntax:: Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs. +* Dynamic Blocks:: Automatically filled blocks. +* Special Agenda Views:: Customized views. +* Speeding Up Your Agendas:: Tips on how to speed up your agendas. +* Extracting Agenda Information:: Post-processing agenda information. +* Using the Property API:: Writing programs that use entry properties. +* Using the Mapping API:: Mapping over all or selected entries. + +Tables in Arbitrary Syntax + +* Radio tables:: Sending and receiving radio tables. +* A @LaTeX{} example:: Step by step, almost a tutorial. +* Translator functions:: Copy and modify. + +@end detailmenu +@end menu + +@node Introduction +@chapter Introduction + +@cindex introduction + +@menu +* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org does. +* Installation:: Installing Org. +* Activation:: How to activate Org for certain buffers. +* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches, etc. +* Conventions:: Typesetting conventions used in this manual. +@end menu + +@node Summary +@section Summary + +@cindex summary + +Org is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, and project +planning with a fast and effective plain-text markup language. It +also is an authoring system with unique support for literate +programming and reproducible research. + +Org is implemented on top of Outline mode, which makes it possible to +keep the content of large files well structured. Visibility cycling +and structure editing help to work with the tree. Tables are easily +created with a built-in table editor. Plain text URL-like links +connect to websites, emails, Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any +files related to the projects. + +Org develops organizational tasks around notes files that contain +lists or information about projects as plain text. Project planning +and task management make use of metadata which is part of an outline +node. Based on this data, specific entries can be extracted in +queries and create dynamic @emph{agenda views} that also integrate the +Emacs calendar and diary. Org can be used to implement many different +project planning schemes, such as David Allen's GTD system. + +Org files can serve as a single source authoring system with export to +many different formats such as HTML, @LaTeX{}, Open Document, and +Markdown. New export backends can be derived from existing ones, or +defined from scratch. + +Org files can include source code blocks, which makes Org uniquely +suited for authoring technical documents with code examples. Org +source code blocks are fully functional; they can be evaluated in +place and their results can be captured in the file. This makes it +possible to create a single file reproducible research compendium. + +Org keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should feel +like a straightforward, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not +imposed, but a large amount of functionality is available when needed. +Org is a toolbox. Many users actually run only a---very +personal---fraction of Org's capabilities, and know that there is more +whenever they need it. + +All of this is achieved with strictly plain text files, the most +portable and future-proof file format. Org runs in Emacs. Emacs is +one of the most widely ported programs, so that Org mode is available +on every major platform. + +@cindex FAQ +There is a website for Org which provides links to the newest version +of Org, as well as additional information, frequently asked questions +(FAQ), links to tutorials, etc. This page is located at +@uref{https://orgmode.org}. + +@cindex print edition +An earlier version (7.3) of this manual is available as a @uref{http://www.network-theory.co.uk/org/manual/, paperback +book from Network Theory Ltd.}. + +@node Installation +@section Installation + +@cindex installation + +Org is included in all recent distributions of GNU Emacs, so you +probably do not need to install it. Most users will simply activate +Org and begin exploring its many features. + +If, for one reason or another, you want to install Org on top of this +pre-packaged version, you can use the Emacs package system or clone +Org's git repository. + +We @strong{strongly recommend} sticking to a single installation method. + +@anchor{Using Emacs packaging system} +@subheading Using Emacs packaging system + +Recent Emacs distributions include a packaging system which lets you +install Elisp libraries. You can install Org from the ``package menu'', +with @kbd{M-x list-packages}. See @ref{Package Menu,Package Menu,,emacs,}. + +@quotation Important +You need to do this in a session where no @samp{.org} file has been +visited, i.e., where no Org built-in function have been loaded. +Otherwise autoload Org functions will mess up the installation. + +@end quotation + +@anchor{Using Org's git repository} +@subheading Using Org's git repository + +You can clone Org's repository and install Org like this: + +@example +$ cd ~/src/ +$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/emacs/org-mode.git +$ cd org-mode/ +$ make autoloads +@end example + +Note that in this case, @samp{make autoloads} is mandatory: it defines +Org's version in @samp{org-version.el} and Org's autoloads in +@samp{org-loaddefs.el}. + +Remember to add the correct load path as described in the method +above. + +You can also compile with @samp{make}, generate the documentation with +@samp{make doc}, create a local configuration with @samp{make config} and +install Org with @samp{make install}. Please run @samp{make help} to get the +list of compilation/installation options. + +For more detailed explanations on Org's build system, please check the +Org Build System page on @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-build-system.html, Worg}. + +@anchor{Installing Org's contributed packages} +@subheading Installing Org's contributed packages + +Org's repository used to contain @samp{contrib/} directory for add-ons +contributed by others. As of Org 9.5, the directory has bee moved to +this new dedicated @uref{https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib, org-contrib} repository, which you can install +separately. + +@node Activation +@section Activation + +@cindex activation +@cindex autoload +@cindex ELPA +@cindex global key bindings +@cindex key bindings, global + +Org mode buffers need Font Lock to be turned on: this is the default +in Emacs@footnote{If you do not use Font Lock globally turn it on in Org buffer +with @samp{(add-hook 'org-mode-hook #'turn-on-font-lock)}.}. + +There are compatibility issues between Org mode and some other Elisp +packages (see @ref{Conflicts}). Please take the +time to check the list. + +@findex org-agenda +@findex org-capture +@findex org-store-link +For a better experience, the three Org commands @code{org-store-link}, +@code{org-capture} and @code{org-agenda} ought to be accessible anywhere in +Emacs, not just in Org buffers. To that effect, you need to bind them +to globally available keys, like the ones reserved for users (see +@ref{Key Binding Conventions,,,elisp,}). Here are suggested bindings, +please modify the keys to your own liking. + +@lisp +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c l") #'org-store-link) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c a") #'org-agenda) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c c") #'org-capture) +@end lisp + +@cindex Org mode, turning on +Files with the @samp{.org} extension use Org mode by default. To turn on +Org mode in a file that does not have the extension @samp{.org}, make the +first line of a file look like this: + +@example +MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*- +@end example + + +@vindex org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file +@noindent +which selects Org mode for this buffer no matter what the file's name +is. See also the variable @code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file}. + +Many commands in Org work on the region if the region is @emph{active}. To +make use of this, you need to have Transient Mark mode turned on, +which is the default. If you do not like it, you can create an active +region by using the mouse to select a region, or pressing +@kbd{C-@key{SPC}} twice before moving point. + +@node Feedback +@section Feedback + +@cindex feedback +@cindex bug reports +@cindex reporting a bug +@cindex maintainer +@cindex author + +If you find problems with Org, or if you have questions, remarks, or +ideas about it, please send an email to the Org mailing list +@email{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org}. You can subscribe to the list @uref{https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/emacs-orgmode, from this +web page}. If you are not a member of the mailing list, your mail will +be passed to the list after a moderator has approved it@footnote{Please consider subscribing to the mailing list in order to +minimize the work the mailing list moderators have to do.}. We ask +you to read and respect the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/kind-communication.html, GNU Kind Communications Guidelines} when +sending messages on this mailing list. + +@findex org-version +@findex org-submit-bug-report +For bug reports, please first try to reproduce the bug with the latest +version of Org available---if you are running an outdated version, it +is quite possible that the bug has been fixed already. If the bug +persists, prepare a report and provide as much information as +possible, including the version information of Emacs (@kbd{M-x emacs-version}) and Org (@kbd{M-x org-version}), as well as +the Org related setup in the Emacs init file. The easiest way to do +this is to use the command + +@example +M-x org-submit-bug-report +@end example + + +@noindent +which puts all this information into an Emacs mail buffer so that you +only need to add your description. If you are not sending the Email +from within Emacs, please copy and paste the content into your Email +program. + +Sometimes you might face a problem due to an error in your Emacs or +Org mode setup. Before reporting a bug, it is very helpful to start +Emacs with minimal customizations and reproduce the problem. Doing so +often helps you determine if the problem is with your customization or +with Org mode itself. You can start a typical minimal session with +a command like the example below. + +@example +$ emacs -Q -l /path/to/minimal-org.el +@end example + + +However if you are using Org mode as distributed with Emacs, a minimal +setup is not necessary. In that case it is sufficient to start Emacs +as @samp{emacs -Q}. The @samp{minimal-org.el} setup file can have contents as +shown below. + +@lisp +;;; Minimal setup to load latest `org-mode'. + +;; Activate debugging. +(setq debug-on-error t + debug-on-signal nil + debug-on-quit nil) + +;; Add latest Org mode to load path. +(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "/path/to/org-mode/lisp")) +@end lisp + +If an error occurs, a ``backtrace'' can be very useful---see below on +how to create one. Often a small example file helps, along with clear +information about: + +@enumerate +@item +What exactly did you do? +@item +What did you expect to happen? +@item +What happened instead? +@end enumerate + +Thank you for helping to improve this program. + +@anchor{How to create a useful backtrace} +@subheading How to create a useful backtrace + +@cindex backtrace of an error +If working with Org produces an error with a message you do not +understand, you may have hit a bug. The best way to report this is by +providing, in addition to what was mentioned above, a backtrace. This +is information from the built-in debugger about where and how the +error occurred. Here is how to produce a useful backtrace: + +@enumerate +@item +Reload uncompiled versions of all Org mode Lisp files. The +backtrace contains much more information if it is produced with +uncompiled code. To do this, use + +@example +C-u M-x org-reload +@end example + + +@noindent +or, from the menu: Org @arrow{} Refresh/Reload @arrow{} Reload Org uncompiled. + +@item +Then, activate the debugger: + +@example +M-x toggle-debug-on-error +@end example + + +@noindent +or, from the menu: Options @arrow{} Enter Debugger on Error. + +@item +Do whatever you have to do to hit the error. Do not forget to +document the steps you take. + +@item +When you hit the error, a @samp{*Backtrace*} buffer appears on the +screen. Save this buffer to a file---for example using @kbd{C-x C-w}---and attach it to your bug report. +@end enumerate + +@node Conventions +@section Typesetting Conventions Used in this Manual + + + +@anchor{TODO keywords tags properties etc} +@subheading TODO keywords, tags, properties, etc. + +Org uses various syntactical elements: TODO keywords, tags, property +names, keywords, blocks, etc. In this manual we use the following +conventions: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{TODO} +@itemx @samp{WAITING} +TODO keywords are written with all capitals, even if they are +user-defined. + +@item @samp{boss} +@itemx @samp{ARCHIVE} +Tags are case-sensitive. User-defined tags are usually written in +lowercase; built-in tags with special meaning are written as they +should appear in the document, usually with all capitals. + +@item @samp{Release} +@itemx @samp{PRIORITY} +User-defined properties are capitalized; built-in properties with +special meaning are written with all capitals. + +@item @samp{TITLE} +@itemx @samp{BEGIN} @dots{} @samp{END} +Keywords and blocks are written in uppercase to enhance their +readability, but you can use lowercase in your Org files. +@end table + +@anchor{Key bindings and commands} +@subheading Key bindings and commands + +The manual lists both the keys and the corresponding commands for +accessing a functionality. Org mode often uses the same key for +different functions, depending on context. The command that is bound +to such keys has a generic name, like @code{org-metaright}. In the manual +we will, wherever possible, give the function that is internally +called by the generic command. For example, in the chapter on +document structure, @kbd{M-@key{RIGHT}} will be listed to call +@code{org-do-demote}, while in the chapter on tables, it will be listed to +call @code{org-table-move-column-right}. + +@node Document Structure +@chapter Document Structure + +@cindex document structure +@cindex structure of document +Org is an outliner. Outlines allow a document to be organized in +a hierarchical structure, which, least for me, is the best +representation of notes and thoughts. An overview of this structure +is achieved by folding, i.e., hiding large parts of the document to +show only the general document structure and the parts currently being +worked on. Org greatly simplifies the use of outlines by compressing +the entire show and hide functionalities into a single command, +@code{org-cycle}, which is bound to the @kbd{@key{TAB}} key. + +@menu +* Headlines:: How to typeset Org tree headlines. +* Visibility Cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified. +* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines. +* Structure Editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines. +* Sparse Trees:: Matches embedded in context. +* Plain Lists:: Additional structure within an entry. +* Drawers:: Tucking stuff away. +* Blocks:: Folding blocks. +@end menu + +@node Headlines +@section Headlines + +@cindex headlines +@cindex outline tree +@vindex org-special-ctrl-a/e +@vindex org-special-ctrl-k +@vindex org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree + +Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. Org headlines +start on the left margin@footnote{See the variables @code{org-special-ctrl-a/e}, @code{org-special-ctrl-k}, +and @code{org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree} to configure special behavior of +@kbd{C-a}, @kbd{C-e}, and @kbd{C-k} in headlines. Note +also that clocking only works with headings indented less than 30 +stars.} with one or more stars followed by +a space. For example: + +@example +* Top level headline +** Second level +*** Third level + some text +*** Third level + more text +* Another top level headline +@end example + +@vindex org-footnote-section +The name defined in @code{org-footnote-section} is reserved. Do not use it +as a title for your own headings. + +Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an outline +that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline starters. +This can be achieved using a Org Indent minor mode. See @ref{Clean View} for more information. + +Headlines are not numbered. However, you may want to dynamically +number some, or all, of them. See @ref{Dynamic Headline Numbering}. + +@vindex org-cycle-separator-lines +An empty line after the end of a subtree is considered part of it and +is hidden when the subtree is folded. However, if you leave at least +two empty lines, one empty line remains visible after folding the +subtree, in order to structure the collapsed view. See the variable +@code{org-cycle-separator-lines} to modify this behavior. + +@node Visibility Cycling +@section Visibility Cycling + +@cindex cycling, visibility +@cindex visibility cycling +@cindex trees, visibility +@cindex show hidden text +@cindex hide text + +@menu +* Global and local cycling:: Cycling through various visibility states. +* Initial visibility:: Setting the initial visibility state. +* Catching invisible edits:: Preventing mistakes when editing invisible parts. +@end menu + +@node Global and local cycling +@subsection Global and local cycling + +@cindex subtree visibility states +@cindex subtree cycling +@cindex folded, subtree visibility state +@cindex children, subtree visibility state +@cindex subtree, subtree visibility state + +Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer. +Org uses just two commands, bound to @kbd{@key{TAB}} and +@kbd{S-@key{TAB}} to change the visibility in the buffer. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} (@code{org-cycle}) +@kindex TAB +@findex org-cycle +@emph{Subtree cycling}: Rotate current subtree among the states + +@example +,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --. +'-----------------------------------' +@end example + +@vindex org-cycle-emulate-tab +Point must be on a headline for this to work@footnote{See, however, the option @code{org-cycle-emulate-tab}.}. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} (@code{org-global-cycle}) +@itemx @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}} +@cindex global visibility states +@cindex global cycling +@cindex overview, global visibility state +@cindex contents, global visibility state +@cindex show all, global visibility state +@kindex C-u TAB +@kindex S-TAB +@findex org-global-cycle +@emph{Global cycling}: Rotate the entire buffer among the states + +@example +,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --. +'--------------------------------------' +@end example + +When @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} is called with a numeric prefix argument +@var{N}, view contents only up to headlines of level +@var{N}. + +Note that inside tables (see @ref{Tables}), @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} jumps to the +previous field instead. + +@vindex org-cycle-global-at-bob +You can run global cycling using @kbd{@key{TAB}} only if point is at +the very beginning of the buffer, but not on a headline, and +@code{org-cycle-global-at-bob} is set to a non-@code{nil} value. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u @key{TAB}} (@code{org-set-startup-visibility}) +@cindex startup visibility +@kindex C-u C-u TAB +@findex org-set-startup-visibility +Switch back to the startup visibility of the buffer (see @ref{Initial visibility}). + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-u @key{TAB}} (@code{outline-show-all}) +@cindex show all, command +@kindex C-u C-u C-u TAB +@findex outline-show-all +Show all, including drawers. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-r} (@code{org-reveal}) +@cindex revealing context +@kindex C-c C-r +@findex org-reveal +Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the +following heading and the hierarchy above. It is useful for working +near a location that has been exposed by a sparse tree command (see +@ref{Sparse Trees}) or an agenda command (see @ref{Agenda Commands}). With a prefix argument, show, on each level, all sibling +headings. With a double prefix argument, also show the entire +subtree of the parent. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{outline-show-branches}) +@cindex show branches, command +@kindex C-c C-k +@findex outline-show-branches +Expose all the headings of the subtree, but not their bodies. + +@item @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{outline-show-children}) +@cindex show children, command +@kindex C-c TAB +@findex outline-show-children +Expose all direct children of the subtree. With a numeric prefix +argument @var{N}, expose all children down to level +@var{N}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x b} (@code{org-tree-to-indirect-buffer}) +@kindex C-c C-x b +@findex org-tree-to-indirect-buffer +Show the current subtree in an indirect buffer@footnote{The indirect buffer contains the entire buffer, but is narrowed +to the current tree. Editing the indirect buffer also changes the +original buffer, but without affecting visibility in that buffer. For +more information about indirect buffers, see @ref{Indirect Buffers,GNU Emacs Manual,,emacs,}.}. With +a numeric prefix argument @var{N}, go up to level @var{N} +and then take that tree. If @var{N} is negative then go up +that many levels. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix, do not remove the +previously used indirect buffer. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x v} (@code{org-copy-visible}) +@kindex C-c C-x v +@findex org-copy-visible +Copy the @emph{visible} text in the region into the kill ring. +@end table + +@node Initial visibility +@subsection Initial visibility + +@vindex org-startup-folded +When Emacs first visits an Org file, the global state is set to +@code{showeverything}, i.e., all file content is visible@footnote{When @code{org-agenda-inhibit-startup} is non-@code{nil}, Org does not +honor the default visibility state when first opening a file for the +agenda (see @ref{Speeding Up Your Agendas}).}. This can +be configured through the variable @code{org-startup-folded}, or on +a per-file basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the +buffer: + +@cindex @samp{STARTUP}, keyword +@example +#+STARTUP: overview +#+STARTUP: content +#+STARTUP: showall +#+STARTUP: show2levels +#+STARTUP: show3levels +#+STARTUP: show4levels +#+STARTUP: show5levels +#+STARTUP: showeverything +@end example + +@cindex @samp{VISIBILITY}, property +Furthermore, any entries with a @samp{VISIBILITY} property (see @ref{Properties and Columns}) get their visibility adapted accordingly. Allowed values +for this property are @samp{folded}, @samp{children}, @samp{content}, and @samp{all}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-u C-u @key{TAB}} (@code{org-set-startup-visibility}) +@kindex C-u C-u TAB +@findex org-set-startup-visibility +Switch back to the startup visibility of the buffer, i.e., whatever +is requested by startup options and @samp{VISIBILITY} properties in +individual entries. +@end table + +@node Catching invisible edits +@subsection Catching invisible edits + +@cindex edits, catching invisible + +@vindex org-catch-invisible-edits +Sometimes you may inadvertently edit an invisible part of the buffer +and be confused on what has been edited and how to undo the mistake. +Setting @code{org-catch-invisible-edits} to non-@code{nil} helps preventing +this. See the docstring of this option on how Org should catch +invisible edits and process them. + +@node Motion +@section Motion + +@cindex motion, between headlines +@cindex jumping, to headlines +@cindex headline navigation + +The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-n} (@code{org-next-visible-heading}) +@kindex C-c C-n +@findex org-next-visible-heading +Next heading. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{org-previous-visible-heading}) +@kindex C-c C-p +@findex org-previous-visible-heading +Previous heading. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{org-forward-heading-same-level}) +@kindex C-c C-f +@findex org-forward-heading-same-level +Next heading same level. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{org-backward-heading-same-level}) +@kindex C-c C-b +@findex org-backward-heading-same-level +Previous heading same level. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{outline-up-heading}) +@kindex C-c C-u +@findex outline-up-heading +Backward to higher level heading. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-j} (@code{org-goto}) +@kindex C-c C-j +@findex org-goto +@vindex org-goto-auto-isearch +Jump to a different place without changing the current outline +visibility. Shows the document structure in a temporary buffer, +where you can use the following keys to find your destination: + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7 +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} +@tab Cycle visibility. +@item @kbd{@key{DOWN}} / @kbd{@key{UP}} +@tab Next/previous visible headline. +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} +@tab Select this location. +@item @kbd{/} +@tab Do a Sparse-tree search +@end multitable + +@noindent +The following keys work if you turn off @code{org-goto-auto-isearch} + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7 +@item @kbd{n} / @kbd{p} +@tab Next/previous visible headline. +@item @kbd{f} / @kbd{b} +@tab Next/previous headline same level. +@item @kbd{u} +@tab One level up. +@item @kbd{0} @dots{} @kbd{9} +@tab Digit argument. +@item @kbd{q} +@tab Quit. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-goto-interface +@noindent +See also the variable @code{org-goto-interface}. +@end table + +@node Structure Editing +@section Structure Editing + +@cindex structure editing +@cindex headline, promotion and demotion +@cindex promotion, of subtrees +@cindex demotion, of subtrees +@cindex subtree, cut and paste +@cindex pasting, of subtrees +@cindex cutting, of subtrees +@cindex copying, of subtrees +@cindex sorting, of subtrees +@cindex subtrees, cut and paste + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} (@code{org-meta-return}) +@kindex M-RET +@findex org-meta-return +@vindex org-M-RET-may-split-line +Insert a new heading, item or row. + +If the command is used at the @emph{beginning} of a line, and if there is +a heading or a plain list item (see @ref{Plain Lists}) at point, the new +heading/item is created @emph{before} the current line. When used at the +beginning of a regular line of text, turn that line into a heading. + +When this command is used in the middle of a line, the line is split +and the rest of the line becomes the new item or headline. If you +do not want the line to be split, customize +@code{org-M-RET-may-split-line}. + +Calling the command with a @kbd{C-u} prefix unconditionally +inserts a new heading at the end of the current subtree, thus +preserving its contents. With a double @kbd{C-u C-u} prefix, +the new heading is created at the end of the parent subtree instead. + +@item @kbd{C-@key{RET}} (@code{org-insert-heading-respect-content}) +@kindex C-RET +@findex org-insert-heading-respect-content +Insert a new heading at the end of the current subtree. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} (@code{org-insert-todo-heading}) +@kindex M-S-RET +@findex org-insert-todo-heading +@vindex org-treat-insert-todo-heading-as-state-change +Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading. See also +the variable @code{org-treat-insert-todo-heading-as-state-change}. + +@item @kbd{C-S-@key{RET}} (@code{org-insert-todo-heading-respect-content}) +@kindex C-S-RET +@findex org-insert-todo-heading-respect-content +Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading. Like +@kbd{C-@key{RET}}, the new headline is inserted after the current +subtree. + +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} (@code{org-cycle}) +@kindex TAB +@findex org-cycle +In a new entry with no text yet, the first @kbd{@key{TAB}} demotes +the entry to become a child of the previous one. The next +@kbd{@key{TAB}} makes it a parent, and so on, all the way to top +level. Yet another @kbd{@key{TAB}}, and you are back to the initial +level. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-do-promote}) +@itemx @kbd{M-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-do-demote}) +@kindex M-LEFT +@findex org-do-promote +@kindex M-RIGHT +@findex org-do-demote +Promote or demote current heading by one level. + +@cindex region, active +@cindex active region +@cindex transient mark mode +When there is an active region---i.e., when Transient Mark mode is +active---promotion and demotion work on all headlines in the region. +To select a region of headlines, it is best to place both point and +mark at the beginning of a line, mark at the beginning of the first +headline, and point at the line just after the last headline to +change. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-promote-subtree}) +@kindex M-S-LEFT +@findex org-promote-subtree +Promote the current subtree by one level. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-demote-subtree}) +@kindex M-S-RIGHT +@findex org-demote-subtree +Demote the current subtree by one level. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}} (@code{org-move-subtree-up}) +@kindex M-UP +@findex org-move-subtree-up +Move subtree up, i.e., swap with previous subtree of same level. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-move-subtree-down}) +@kindex M-DOWN +@findex org-move-subtree-down +Move subtree down, i.e., swap with next subtree of same level. + +@item @kbd{C-c @@} (@code{org-mark-subtree}) +@kindex C-c @@ +@findex org-mark-subtree +Mark the subtree at point. Hitting repeatedly marks subsequent +subtrees of the same level as the marked subtree. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-w} (@code{org-cut-subtree}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-w +@findex org-cut-subtree +Kill subtree, i.e., remove it from buffer but save in kill ring. +With a numeric prefix argument N, kill N sequential subtrees. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x M-w} (@code{org-copy-subtree}) +@kindex C-c C-x M-w +@findex org-copy-subtree +Copy subtree to kill ring. With a numeric prefix argument N, copy +the N sequential subtrees. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-y} (@code{org-paste-subtree}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-y +@findex org-paste-subtree +Yank subtree from kill ring. This does modify the level of the +subtree to make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position. +The yank level can also be specified with a numeric prefix argument, +or by yanking after a headline marker like @samp{****}. + +@item @kbd{C-y} (@code{org-yank}) +@kindex C-y +@findex org-yank +@vindex org-yank-adjusted-subtrees +@vindex org-yank-folded-subtrees +Depending on the variables @code{org-yank-adjusted-subtrees} and +@code{org-yank-folded-subtrees}, Org's internal @code{yank} command pastes +subtrees folded and in a clever way, using the same command as +@kbd{C-c C-x C-y}. With the default settings, no level +adjustment takes place, but the yanked tree is folded unless doing +so would swallow text previously visible. Any prefix argument to +this command forces a normal @code{yank} to be executed, with the prefix +passed along. A good way to force a normal yank is @kbd{C-u C-y}. If you use @code{yank-pop} after a yank, it yanks previous kill +items plainly, without adjustment and folding. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x c} (@code{org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift}) +@kindex C-c C-x c +@findex org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift +Clone a subtree by making a number of sibling copies of it. You are +prompted for the number of copies to make, and you can also specify +if any timestamps in the entry should be shifted. This can be +useful, for example, to create a number of tasks related to a series +of lectures to prepare. For more details, see the docstring of the +command @code{org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-w} (@code{org-refile}) +@kindex C-c C-w +@findex org-refile +Refile entry or region to a different location. See @ref{Refile and Copy}. + +@item @kbd{C-c ^} (@code{org-sort}) +@kindex C-c ^ +@findex org-sort +Sort same-level entries. When there is an active region, all +entries in the region are sorted. Otherwise the children of the +current headline are sorted. The command prompts for the sorting +method, which can be alphabetically, numerically, by time---first +timestamp with active preferred, creation time, scheduled time, +deadline time---by priority, by TODO keyword---in the sequence the +keywords have been defined in the setup---or by the value of +a property. Reverse sorting is possible as well. You can also +supply your own function to extract the sorting key. With +a @kbd{C-u} prefix, sorting is case-sensitive. + +@item @kbd{C-x n s} (@code{org-narrow-to-subtree}) +@kindex C-x n s +@findex org-narrow-to-subtree +Narrow buffer to current subtree. + +@item @kbd{C-x n b} (@code{org-narrow-to-block}) +@kindex C-x n b +@findex org-narrow-to-block +Narrow buffer to current block. + +@item @kbd{C-x n w} (@code{widen}) +@kindex C-x n w +@findex widen +Widen buffer to remove narrowing. + +@item @kbd{C-c *} (@code{org-toggle-heading}) +@kindex C-c * +@findex org-toggle-heading +Turn a normal line or plain list item into a headline---so that it +becomes a subheading at its location. Also turn a headline into +a normal line by removing the stars. If there is an active region, +turn all lines in the region into headlines. If the first line in +the region was an item, turn only the item lines into headlines. +Finally, if the first line is a headline, remove the stars from all +headlines in the region. +@end table + +Note that when point is inside a table (see @ref{Tables}), the Meta-Cursor +keys have different functionality. + +@node Sparse Trees +@section Sparse Trees + +@cindex sparse trees +@cindex trees, sparse +@cindex folding, sparse trees +@cindex occur, command + +@vindex org-show-context-detail +An important feature of Org mode is the ability to construct @emph{sparse +trees} for selected information in an outline tree, so that the entire +document is folded as much as possible, but the selected information +is made visible along with the headline structure above it@footnote{See also the variable @code{org-show-context-detail} to decide how +much context is shown around each match.}. +Just try it out and you will see immediately how it works. + +Org mode contains several commands creating such trees, all these +commands can be accessed through a dispatcher: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c /} (@code{org-sparse-tree}) +@kindex C-c / +@findex org-sparse-tree +This prompts for an extra key to select a sparse-tree creating +command. + +@item @kbd{C-c / r} or @kbd{C-c / /} (@code{org-occur}) +@kindex C-c / r +@kindex C-c / / +@findex org-occur +@vindex org-remove-highlights-with-change +Prompts for a regexp (see @ref{Regular Expressions}) and shows a sparse +tree with all matches. If the match is in a headline, the headline +is made visible. If the match is in the body of an entry, headline +and body are made visible. In order to provide minimal context, +also the full hierarchy of headlines above the match is shown, as +well as the headline following the match. Each match is also +highlighted; the highlights disappear when the buffer is changed by +an editing command, or by pressing @kbd{C-c C-c}@footnote{This depends on the option @code{org-remove-highlights-with-change}.}. When +called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, previous highlights +are kept, so several calls to this command can be stacked. + +@item @kbd{M-g n} or @kbd{M-g M-n} (@code{next-error}) +@kindex M-g n +@kindex M-g M-n +@findex next-error +Jump to the next sparse tree match in this buffer. + +@item @kbd{M-g p} or @kbd{M-g M-p} (@code{previous-error}) +@kindex M-g p +@kindex M-g M-p +@findex previous-error +Jump to the previous sparse tree match in this buffer. +@end table + +@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands +For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can +use the variable @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} to define fast keyboard +access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be +accessible through the agenda dispatcher (see @ref{Agenda Dispatcher}). +For example: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("f" occur-tree "FIXME"))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +defines the key @kbd{f} as a shortcut for creating a sparse tree +matching the string @samp{FIXME}. + +The other sparse tree commands select headings based on TODO keywords, +tags, or properties and are discussed later in this manual. + +@kindex C-c C-e C-v +@cindex printing sparse trees +@cindex visible text, printing +To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command +@code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} which does not print invisible parts of +the document. Or you can use the command @kbd{C-c C-e C-v} to +export only the visible part of the document and print the resulting +file. + +@node Plain Lists +@section Plain Lists + +@cindex plain lists +@cindex lists, plain +@cindex lists, ordered +@cindex ordered lists + +Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide +additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of +checkboxes (see @ref{Checkboxes}). Org supports editing such lists, and +every exporter (see @ref{Exporting}) can parse and format them. + +Org knows ordered lists, unordered lists, and description lists. + +@itemize +@item +@emph{Unordered} list items start with @samp{-}, @samp{+}, or @samp{*}@footnote{When using @samp{*} as a bullet, lines must be indented so that they +are not interpreted as headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading +stars to get a clean outline view, plain list items starting with +a star may be hard to distinguish from true headlines. In short: even +though @samp{*} is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain list +items.} as bullets. + +@item +@vindex org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator +@vindex org-alphabetical-lists +@emph{Ordered} list items start with a numeral followed by either +a period or a right parenthesis@footnote{You can filter out any of them by configuring +@code{org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator}.}, such as @samp{1.} or @samp{1)}@footnote{You can also get @samp{a.}, @samp{A.}, @samp{a)} and @samp{A)} by configuring +@code{org-list-allow-alphabetical}. To minimize confusion with normal +text, those are limited to one character only. Beyond that limit, +bullets automatically become numbers.} +If you want a list to start with a different value---e.g., +20---start the text of the item with @samp{[@@20]}@footnote{If there's a checkbox in the item, the cookie must be put +@emph{before} the checkbox. If you have activated alphabetical lists, you +can also use counters like @samp{[@@b]}.}. Those +constructs can be used in any item of the list in order to enforce +a particular numbering. + +@item +@emph{Description} list items are unordered list items, and contain the +separator @samp{::} to distinguish the description @emph{term} from the +description. +@end itemize + +Items belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the +first line. In particular, if an ordered list reaches number @samp{10.}, +then the 2-digit numbers must be written left-aligned with the other +numbers in the list. An item ends before the next line that is less +or equally indented than its bullet/number. + +A list ends whenever every item has ended, which means before any line +less or equally indented than items at top level. It also ends before +two blank lines. In that case, all items are closed. Here is an +example: + +@example +* Lord of the Rings +My favorite scenes are (in this order) +1. The attack of the Rohirrim +2. Eowyn's fight with the witch king + + this was already my favorite scene in the book + + I really like Miranda Otto. +3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas + - on DVD only + He makes a really funny face when it happens. +But in the end, no individual scenes matter but the film as a whole. +Important actors in this film are: +- Elijah Wood :: He plays Frodo +- Sean Astin :: He plays Sam, Frodo's friend. I still remember him + very well from his role as Mikey Walsh in /The Goonies/. +@end example + +Org supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands to +deal with them correctly, and by exporting them properly (see +@ref{Exporting}). Since indentation is what governs the structure of these +lists, many structural constructs like @samp{#+BEGIN_} blocks can be +indented to signal that they belong to a particular item. + +@vindex org-list-demote-modify-bullet +@vindex org-list-indent-offset +If you find that using a different bullet for a sub-list---than that +used for the current list-level---improves readability, customize the +variable @code{org-list-demote-modify-bullet}. To get a greater difference +of indentation between items and theirs sub-items, customize +@code{org-list-indent-offset}. + +@vindex org-list-automatic-rules +The following commands act on items when point is in the first line of +an item---the line with the bullet or number. Some of them imply the +application of automatic rules to keep list structure intact. If some +of these actions get in your way, configure @code{org-list-automatic-rules} +to disable them individually. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} (@code{org-cycle}) +@cindex cycling, in plain lists +@kindex TAB +@findex org-cycle +@vindex org-cycle-include-plain-lists +Items can be folded just like headline levels. Normally this works +only if point is on a plain list item. For more details, see the +variable @code{org-cycle-include-plain-lists}. If this variable is set +to @code{integrate}, plain list items are treated like low-level +headlines. The level of an item is then given by the indentation of +the bullet/number. Items are always subordinate to real headlines, +however; the hierarchies remain completely separated. In a new item +with no text yet, the first @kbd{@key{TAB}} demotes the item to +become a child of the previous one. Subsequent @kbd{@key{TAB}}s move +the item to meaningful levels in the list and eventually get it back +to its initial position. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} (@code{org-insert-heading}) +@kindex M-RET +@findex org-insert-heading +@vindex org-M-RET-may-split-line +Insert new item at current level. With a prefix argument, force +a new heading (see @ref{Structure Editing}). If this command is used in +the middle of an item, that item is @emph{split} in two, and the second +part becomes the new item@footnote{If you do not want the item to be split, customize the +variable @code{org-M-RET-may-split-line}.}. If this command is executed +@emph{before item's body}, the new item is created @emph{before} the current +one. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} +@kindex M-S-RET +Insert a new item with a checkbox (see @ref{Checkboxes}). + +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} +@kindex S-UP +@kindex S-DOWN +@cindex shift-selection-mode +@vindex org-support-shift-select +@vindex org-list-use-circular-motion +Jump to the previous/next item in the current list, but only if +@code{org-support-shift-select} is off@footnote{If you want to cycle around items that way, you may customize +@code{org-list-use-circular-motion}.}. If not, you can still use +paragraph jumping commands like @kbd{C-@key{UP}} and +@kbd{C-@key{DOWN}} to quite similar effect. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}} +@itemx @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} +@kindex M-UP +@kindex M-DOWN +Move the item including subitems up/down@footnote{See @code{org-list-use-circular-motion} for a cyclic behavior.}, i.e., swap with +previous/next item of same indentation. If the list is ordered, +renumbering is automatic. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{M-@key{RIGHT}} +@kindex M-LEFT +@kindex M-RIGHT +Decrease/increase the indentation of an item, leaving children +alone. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{M-S-@key{RIGHT}} +@kindex M-S-LEFT +@kindex M-S-RIGHT +Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems. +Initially, the item tree is selected based on current indentation. +When these commands are executed several times in direct succession, +the initially selected region is used, even if the new indentation +would imply a different hierarchy. To use the new hierarchy, break +the command chain by moving point. + +As a special case, using this command on the very first item of +a list moves the whole list. This behavior can be disabled by +configuring @code{org-list-automatic-rules}. The global indentation of +a list has no influence on the text @emph{after} the list. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +@kindex C-c C-c +If there is a checkbox (see @ref{Checkboxes}) in the item line, toggle +the state of the checkbox. In any case, verify bullets and +indentation consistency in the whole list. + +@item @kbd{C-c -} +@kindex C-c - +@vindex org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator +Cycle the entire list level through the different itemize/enumerate +bullets (@samp{-}, @samp{+}, @samp{*}, @samp{1.}, @samp{1)}) or a subset of them, depending +on @code{org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator}, the type of list, and +its indentation. With a numeric prefix argument N, select the Nth +bullet from this list. If there is an active region when calling +this, all lines are converted to list items. With a prefix +argument, the selected text is changed into a single item. If the +first line already was a list item, any item marker is removed from +the list. Finally, even without an active region, a normal line is +converted into a list item. + +@item @kbd{C-c *} +@kindex C-c * +Turn a plain list item into a headline---so that it becomes +a subheading at its location. See @ref{Structure Editing}, for +a detailed explanation. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-*} +@kindex C-c C-* +Turn the whole plain list into a subtree of the current heading. +Checkboxes (see @ref{Checkboxes}) become @samp{TODO}, respectively @samp{DONE}, +keywords when unchecked, respectively checked. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +@vindex org-support-shift-select +@kindex S-LEFT +@kindex S-RIGHT +This command also cycles bullet styles when point is in on the +bullet or anywhere in an item line, details depending on +@code{org-support-shift-select}. + +@item @kbd{C-c ^} +@kindex C-c ^ +@cindex sorting, of plain list +Sort the plain list. Prompt for the sorting method: numerically, +alphabetically, by time, or by custom function. +@end table + +@node Drawers +@section Drawers + +@cindex drawers +@cindex visibility cycling, drawers + +Sometimes you want to keep information associated with an entry, but +you normally do not want to see it. For this, Org mode has @emph{drawers}. +They can contain anything but a headline and another drawer. Drawers +look like this: + +@example +** This is a headline +Still outside the drawer +:DRAWERNAME: +This is inside the drawer. +:END: +After the drawer. +@end example + +@kindex C-c C-x d +@findex org-insert-drawer +You can interactively insert a drawer at point by calling +@code{org-insert-drawer}, which is bound to @kbd{C-c C-x d}. With an +active region, this command puts the region inside the drawer. With +a prefix argument, this command calls @code{org-insert-property-drawer}, +which creates a @samp{PROPERTIES} drawer right below the current headline. +Org mode uses this special drawer for storing properties (see +@ref{Properties and Columns}). You cannot use it for anything else. + +Completion over drawer keywords is also possible using +@kbd{M-@key{TAB}}@footnote{Many desktops intercept @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to switch windows. +Use @kbd{C-M-i} or @kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}} instead.}. + +Visibility cycling (see @ref{Visibility Cycling}) on the headline hides and +shows the entry, but keep the drawer collapsed to a single line. In +order to look inside the drawer, you need to move point to the drawer +line and press @kbd{@key{TAB}} there. + +You can also arrange for state change notes (see @ref{Tracking TODO state changes}) and clock times (see @ref{Clocking Work Time}) to be stored in +a @samp{LOGBOOK} drawer. If you want to store a quick note there, in +a similar way to state changes, use + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-z} +@kindex C-c C-z +Add a time-stamped note to the @samp{LOGBOOK} drawer. +@end table + +@node Blocks +@section Blocks + +@vindex org-hide-block-startup +@cindex blocks, folding + +Org mode uses @samp{#+BEGIN} @dots{} @samp{#+END} blocks for various purposes from +including source code examples (see @ref{Literal Examples}) to capturing +time logging information (see @ref{Clocking Work Time}). These blocks can +be folded and unfolded by pressing @kbd{@key{TAB}} in the @samp{#+BEGIN} +line. You can also get all blocks folded at startup by configuring +the variable @code{org-hide-block-startup} or on a per-file basis by using + +@cindex STARTUP, keyword +@example +#+STARTUP: hideblocks +#+STARTUP: nohideblocks +@end example + +@node Tables +@chapter Tables + +@cindex tables +@cindex editing tables + +Org comes with a fast and intuitive table editor. Spreadsheet-like +calculations are supported using the Emacs Calc package (see @ref{Top,GNU Emacs +Calculator Manual,,calc,}). + +@menu +* Built-in Table Editor:: Simple tables. +* Column Width and Alignment:: Overrule the automatic settings. +* Column Groups:: Grouping to trigger vertical lines. +* Orgtbl Mode:: The table editor as minor mode. +* The Spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities. +* Org Plot:: Plotting from Org tables. +@end menu + +@node Built-in Table Editor +@section Built-in Table Editor + +@cindex table editor, built-in + +@cindex header lines, in tables +@cindex horizontal rule, in tables +@cindex row separator, in tables +@cindex table syntax +Org makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII@. Any line with @samp{|} +as the first non-whitespace character is considered part of a table. +@samp{|} is also the column separator@footnote{To insert a vertical bar into a table field, use @samp{\vert} or, +inside a word @samp{abc\vert@{@}def}.}. Moreover, a line starting +with @samp{|-} is a horizontal rule. It separates rows explicitly. Rows +before the first horizontal rule are header lines. A table might look +like this: + +@example +| Name | Phone | Age | +|-------+-------+-----| +| Peter | 1234 | 17 | +| Anna | 4321 | 25 | +@end example + +A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press +@kbd{@key{TAB}}, @kbd{@key{RET}} or @kbd{C-c C-c} inside the table. +@kbd{@key{TAB}} also moves to the next field---@kbd{@key{RET}} to the +next row---and creates new table rows at the end of the table or +before horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is set by the +first line. Horizontal rules are automatically expanded on every +re-align to span the whole table width. So, to create the above +table, you would only type + +@example +|Name|Phone|Age| +|- +@end example + +@noindent +and then press @kbd{@key{TAB}} to align the table and start filling in +fields. Even faster would be to type @samp{|Name|Phone|Age} followed by +@kbd{C-c @key{RET}}. + +When typing text into a field, Org treats @kbd{DEL}, +@kbd{Backspace}, and all character keys in a special way, so that +inserting and deleting avoids shifting other fields. Also, when +typing @emph{immediately} after point was moved into a new field with +@kbd{@key{TAB}}, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} or @kbd{@key{RET}}, the field is +automatically made blank. If this behavior is too unpredictable for +you, configure the option @code{org-table-auto-blank-field}. + +@anchor{Creation and conversion} +@subheading Creation and conversion + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c |} (@code{org-table-create-or-convert-from-region}) +@kindex C-c | +@findex org-table-create-or-convert-from-region +Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least +one @kbd{@key{TAB}} character, the function assumes that the material +is tab separated. If every line contains a comma, comma-separated +values (CSV) are assumed. If not, lines are split at whitespace +into fields. You can use a prefix argument to force a specific +separator: @kbd{C-u} forces CSV, @kbd{C-u C-u} forces +@kbd{@key{TAB}}, @kbd{C-u C-u C-u} prompts for a regular +expression to match the separator, and a numeric argument +N indicates that at least N consecutive spaces, or alternatively +a @kbd{@key{TAB}} will be the separator. + +If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org +table. But it is easier just to start typing, like @kbd{| N a m e | P h o n e | A g e @key{RET} | - @key{TAB}}. +@end table + +@anchor{Re-aligning and field motion} +@subheading Re-aligning and field motion + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{org-table-align}) +@kindex C-c C-c +@findex org-table-align +Re-align the table without moving point. + +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} (@code{org-table-next-field}) +@kindex TAB +@findex org-table-next-field +Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if +necessary. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-table-blank-field} +@findex org-table-blank-field +Blank the field at point. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} (@code{org-table-previous-field}) +@kindex S-TAB +@findex org-table-previous-field +Re-align, move to previous field. + +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} (@code{org-table-next-row}) +@kindex RET +@findex org-table-next-row +Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if +necessary. At the beginning or end of a line, @kbd{@key{RET}} still +inserts a new line, so it can be used to split a table. + +@item @kbd{M-a} (@code{org-table-beginning-of-field}) +@kindex M-a +@findex org-table-beginning-of-field +Move to beginning of the current table field, or on to the previous +field. + +@item @kbd{M-e} (@code{org-table-end-of-field}) +@kindex M-e +@findex org-table-end-of-field +Move to end of the current table field, or on to the next field. +@end table + +@anchor{Column and row editing} +@subheading Column and row editing + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-table-move-column-left}) +@kindex M-LEFT +@findex org-table-move-column-left +Move the current column left. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-table-move-column-right}) +@kindex M-RIGHT +@findex org-table-move-column-right +Move the current column right. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-table-delete-column}) +@kindex M-S-LEFT +@findex org-table-delete-column +Kill the current column. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-table-insert-column}) +@kindex M-S-RIGHT +@findex org-table-insert-column +Insert a new column at point position. Move the recent column and +all cells to the right of this column to the right. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}} (@code{org-table-move-row-up}) +@kindex M-UP +@findex org-table-move-row-up +Move the current row up. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-table-move-row-down}) +@kindex M-DOWN +@findex org-table-move-row-down +Move the current row down. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{UP}} (@code{org-table-kill-row}) +@kindex M-S-UP +@findex org-table-kill-row +Kill the current row or horizontal line. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} (@code{org-table-move-cell-up}) +@kindex S-UP +@findex org-table-move-cell-up +Move cell up by swapping with adjacent cell. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-table-move-cell-down}) +@kindex S-DOWN +@findex org-table-move-cell-down +Move cell down by swapping with adjacent cell. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-table-move-cell-left}) +@kindex S-LEFT +@findex org-table-move-cell-left +Move cell left by swapping with adjacent cell. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-table-move-cell-right}) +@kindex S-RIGHT +@findex org-table-move-cell-right +Move cell right by swapping with adjacent cell. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-table-insert-row}) +@kindex M-S-DOWN +@findex org-table-insert-row +Insert a new row above the current row. With a prefix argument, the +line is created below the current one. + +@item @kbd{C-c -} (@code{org-table-insert-hline}) +@kindex C-c - +@findex org-table-insert-hline +Insert a horizontal line below current row. With a prefix argument, +the line is created above the current line. + +@item @kbd{C-c @key{RET}} (@code{org-table-hline-and-move}) +@kindex C-c RET +@findex org-table-hline-and-move +Insert a horizontal line below current row, and move point into the +row below that line. + +@item @kbd{C-c ^} (@code{org-table-sort-lines}) +@kindex C-c ^ +@findex org-table-sort-lines +Sort the table lines in the region. The position of point indicates +the column to be used for sorting, and the range of lines is the +range between the nearest horizontal separator lines, or the entire +table. If point is before the first column, you are prompted for +the sorting column. If there is an active region, the mark +specifies the first line and the sorting column, while point should +be in the last line to be included into the sorting. The command +prompts for the sorting type, alphabetically, numerically, or by +time. You can sort in normal or reverse order. You can also supply +your own key extraction and comparison functions. When called with +a prefix argument, alphabetic sorting is case-sensitive. +@end table + +@anchor{Regions} +@subheading Regions + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x M-w} (@code{org-table-copy-region}) +@kindex C-c C-x M-w +@findex org-table-copy-region +Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard. +Point and mark determine edge fields of the rectangle. If there is +no active region, copy just the current field. The process ignores +horizontal separator lines. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-w} (@code{org-table-cut-region}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-w +@findex org-table-cut-region +Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and +blank all fields in the rectangle. So this is the ``cut'' operation. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-y} (@code{org-table-paste-rectangle}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-y +@findex org-table-paste-rectangle +Paste a rectangular region into a table. The upper left corner ends +up in the current field. All involved fields are overwritten. If +the rectangle does not fit into the present table, the table is +enlarged as needed. The process ignores horizontal separator lines. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} (@code{org-table-wrap-region}) +@kindex M-RET +@findex org-table-wrap-region +Split the current field at point position and move the rest to the +line below. If there is an active region, and both point and mark +are in the same column, the text in the column is wrapped to minimum +width for the given number of lines. A numeric prefix argument may +be used to change the number of desired lines. If there is no +region, but you specify a prefix argument, the current field is made +blank, and the content is appended to the field above. +@end table + +@anchor{Calculations} +@subheading Calculations + +@cindex formula, in tables +@cindex calculations, in tables + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c +} (@code{org-table-sum}) +@kindex C-c + +@findex org-table-sum +Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined +by the active region. The result is shown in the echo area and can +be inserted with @kbd{C-y}. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{RET}} (@code{org-table-copy-down}) +@kindex S-RET +@findex org-table-copy-down +@vindex org-table-copy-increment +When current field is empty, copy from first non-empty field above. +When not empty, copy current field down to next row and move point +along with it. + +Depending on the variable @code{org-table-copy-increment}, integer and +time stamp field values, and fields prefixed or suffixed with +a whole number, can be incremented during copy. Also, a @code{0} prefix +argument temporarily disables the increment. + +This key is also used by shift-selection and related modes (see +@ref{Conflicts}). +@end table + +@anchor{Miscellaneous (1)} +@subheading Miscellaneous + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c `} (@code{org-table-edit-field}) +@kindex C-c ` +@findex org-table-edit-field +Edit the current field in a separate window. This is useful for +fields that are not fully visible (see @ref{Column Width and Alignment}). +When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, just make the full field +visible, so that it can be edited in place. When called with two +@kbd{C-u} prefixes, make the editor window follow point through +the table and always show the current field. The follow mode exits +automatically when point leaves the table, or when you repeat this +command with @kbd{C-u C-u C-c `}. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-table-import} +@findex org-table-import +Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB or whitespace +separated. Use, for example, to import a spreadsheet table or data +from a database, because these programs generally can write +TAB-separated text files. This command works by inserting the file +into the buffer and then converting the region to a table. Any +prefix argument is passed on to the converter, which uses it to +determine the separator. + +@item @kbd{C-c |} (@code{org-table-create-or-convert-from-region}) +@kindex C-c | +@findex org-table-create-or-convert-from-region +Tables can also be imported by pasting tabular text into the Org +buffer, selecting the pasted text with @kbd{C-x C-x} and then +using the @kbd{C-c |} command (see @ref{Creation and conversion}). + +@item @kbd{M-x org-table-export} +@findex org-table-export +@vindex org-table-export-default-format +Export the table, by default as a TAB-separated file. Use for data +exchange with, for example, spreadsheet or database programs. The +format used to export the file can be configured in the variable +@code{org-table-export-default-format}. You may also use properties +@samp{TABLE_EXPORT_FILE} and @samp{TABLE_EXPORT_FORMAT} to specify the file +name and the format for table export in a subtree. Org supports +quite general formats for exported tables. The exporter format is +the same as the format used by Orgtbl radio tables, see @ref{Translator functions}, for a detailed description. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-table-header-line-mode} +@findex org-table-header-line-mode +@vindex org-table-header-line-p +Turn on the display of the first data row of the table at point in +the window header line when this first row is not visible anymore in +the buffer. You can activate this minor mode by default by setting +the option @code{org-table-header-line-p} to @code{t}. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-table-transpose-table-at-point} +@findex org-table-transpose-table-at-point +Transpose the table at point and eliminate hlines. +@end table + +@node Column Width and Alignment +@section Column Width and Alignment + +@cindex narrow columns in tables +@cindex alignment in tables + +The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor. +The alignment of a column is determined automatically from the +fraction of number-like versus non-number fields in the column. + +@vindex org-table-automatic-realign +Editing a field may modify alignment of the table. Moving +a contiguous row or column---i.e., using @kbd{@key{TAB}} or +@kbd{@key{RET}}---automatically re-aligns it. If you want to disable +this behavior, set @code{org-table-automatic-realign} to @code{nil}. In any +case, you can always align manually a table: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{org-table-align}) +@kindex C-c C-c +@findex org-table-align +Align the current table. +@end table + +@vindex org-startup-align-all-tables +Setting the option @code{org-startup-align-all-tables} re-aligns all tables +in a file upon visiting it. You can also set this option on +a per-file basis with: + +@example +#+STARTUP: align +#+STARTUP: noalign +@end example + +Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text, +leading to inconveniently wide columns. Maybe you want to hide away +several columns or display them with a fixed width, regardless of +content, as shown in the following example. + +@example +|---+---------------------+--------| |---+-------…+…| +| | <6> | | | | <6> …|…| +| 1 | one | some | ----\ | 1 | one …|…| +| 2 | two | boring | ----/ | 2 | two …|…| +| 3 | This is a long text | column | | 3 | This i…|…| +|---+---------------------+--------| |---+-------…+…| +@end example + +To set the width of a column, one field anywhere in the column may +contain just the string @samp{} where @var{N} specifies the width +as a number of characters. You control displayed width of columns +with the following tools: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{org-table-toggle-column-width}) +@kindex C-c TAB +@findex org-table-toggle-column-width +Shrink or expand current column. + +If a width cookie specifies a width W for the column, shrinking it +displays the first W visible characters only. Otherwise, the column +is shrunk to a single character. + +When called before the first column or after the last one, ask for +a list of column ranges to operate on. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{org-table-shrink}) +@kindex C-u C-c TAB +@findex org-table-shrink +Shrink all columns with a column width. Expand the others. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{org-table-expand}) +@kindex C-u C-u C-c TAB +@findex org-table-expand +Expand all columns. +@end table + +To see the full text of a shrunk field, hold the mouse over it: +a tool-tip window then shows the full contents of the field. +Alternatively, @kbd{C-h .} (@code{display-local-help}) reveals them, +too. For convenience, any change near the shrunk part of a column +expands it. + +@vindex org-startup-shrink-all-tables +Setting the option @code{org-startup-shrink-all-tables} shrinks all columns +containing a width cookie in a file the moment it is visited. You can +also set this option on a per-file basis with: + +@example +#+STARTUP: shrink +@end example + + +If you would like to overrule the automatic alignment of number-rich +columns to the right and of string-rich columns to the left, you can +use @samp{}, @samp{} or @samp{} in a similar fashion. You may also combine +alignment and field width like this: @samp{}. + +Lines which only contain these formatting cookies are removed +automatically upon exporting the document. + +@node Column Groups +@section Column Groups + +@cindex grouping columns in tables + +When Org exports tables, it does so by default without vertical lines +because that is visually more satisfying in general. Occasionally +however, vertical lines can be useful to structure a table into groups +of columns, much like horizontal lines can do for groups of rows. In +order to specify column groups, you can use a special row where the +first field contains only @samp{/}. The further fields can either contain +@samp{<} to indicate that this column should start a group, @samp{>} to indicate +the end of a column, or @samp{<>} (no space between @samp{<} and @samp{>}) to make +a column a group of its own. Upon export, boundaries between column +groups are marked with vertical lines. Here is an example: + +@example +| N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) | +|---+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| +| / | < | | > | < | > | +| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | +| 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 1.4142 | 1.1892 | +| 3 | 9 | 27 | 81 | 1.7321 | 1.3161 | +|---+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| +#+TBLFM: $2=$1^2::$3=$1^3::$4=$1^4::$5=sqrt($1)::$6=sqrt(sqrt(($1))) +@end example + +It is also sufficient to just insert the column group starters after +every vertical line you would like to have: + +@example +| N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) | +|---+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| +| / | < | | | < | | +@end example + +@node Orgtbl Mode +@section The Orgtbl Minor Mode + +@cindex Orgtbl mode +@cindex minor mode for tables + +@findex orgtbl-mode +If you like the intuitive way the Org table editor works, you might +also want to use it in other modes like Text mode or Mail mode. The +minor mode Orgtbl mode makes this possible. You can always toggle the +mode with @kbd{M-x orgtbl-mode}. To turn it on by default, for +example in Message mode, use + +@lisp +(add-hook 'message-mode-hook #'turn-on-orgtbl) +@end lisp + +Furthermore, with some special setup, it is possible to maintain +tables in arbitrary syntax with Orgtbl mode. For example, it is +possible to construct @LaTeX{} tables with the underlying ease and power +of Orgtbl mode, including spreadsheet capabilities. For details, see +@ref{Tables in Arbitrary Syntax}. + +@node The Spreadsheet +@section The Spreadsheet + +@cindex calculations, in tables +@cindex spreadsheet capabilities +@cindex Calc package + +The table editor makes use of the Emacs Calc package to implement +spreadsheet-like capabilities. It can also evaluate Emacs Lisp forms +to derive fields from other fields. While fully featured, Org's +implementation is not identical to other spreadsheets. For example, +Org knows the concept of a @emph{column formula} that will be applied to +all non-header fields in a column without having to copy the formula +to each relevant field. There is also a formula debugger, and a +formula editor with features for highlighting fields in the table +corresponding to the references at point in the formula, moving these +references by arrow keys. + +@menu +* References:: How to refer to another field or range. +* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff. +* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp. +* Durations and time values:: How to compute durations and time values. +* Field and range formulas:: Formula for specific (ranges of) fields. +* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column. +* Lookup functions:: Lookup functions for searching tables. +* Editing and debugging formulas:: Fixing formulas. +* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields. +* Advanced features:: Field and column names, automatic recalculation... +@end menu + +@node References +@subsection References + +@cindex references + +To compute fields in the table from other fields, formulas must +reference other fields or ranges. In Org, fields can be referenced by +name, by absolute coordinates, and by relative coordinates. To find +out what the coordinates of a field are, press @kbd{C-c ?} in +that field, or press @kbd{C-c @}} to toggle the display of a grid. + +@anchor{Field references} +@subsubheading Field references + +@cindex field references +@cindex references, to fields +Formulas can reference the value of another field in two ways. Like +in any other spreadsheet, you may reference fields with +a letter/number combination like @samp{B3}, meaning the second field in the +third row. However, Org prefers to use another, more general +representation that looks like this:@footnote{Org understands references typed by the user as @samp{B4}, but it +does not use this syntax when offering a formula for editing. You can +customize this behavior using the variable +@code{org-table-use-standard-references}.} + +@example +@@ROW$COLUMN +@end example + + +Column specifications can be absolute like @samp{$1}, @samp{$2}, @dots{}, @samp{$N}, or +relative to the current column, i.e., the column of the field which is +being computed, like @samp{$+1} or @samp{$-2}. @samp{$<} and @samp{$>} are immutable +references to the first and last column, respectively, and you can use +@samp{$>>>} to indicate the third column from the right. + +The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal +separator lines, or ``hlines''. Like with columns, you can use absolute +row numbers @samp{@@1}, @samp{@@2}, @dots{}, @samp{@@N}, and row numbers relative to the +current row like @samp{@@+3} or @samp{@@-1}. @samp{@@<} and @samp{@@>} are immutable +references the first and last row in the table, respectively. You may +also specify the row relative to one of the hlines: @samp{@@I} refers to the +first hline, @samp{@@II} to the second, etc. @samp{@@-I} refers to the first such +line above the current line, @samp{@@+I} to the first such line below the +current line. You can also write @samp{@@III+2} which is the second data +line after the third hline in the table. + +@samp{@@0} and @samp{$0} refer to the current row and column, respectively, i.e., +to the row/column for the field being computed. Also, if you omit +either the column or the row part of the reference, the current +row/column is implied. + +Org's references with @emph{unsigned} numbers are fixed references in the +sense that if you use the same reference in the formula for two +different fields, the same field is referenced each time. Org's +references with @emph{signed} numbers are floating references because the +same reference operator can reference different fields depending on +the field being calculated by the formula. + +Here are a few examples: + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.8 +@item @samp{@@2$3} +@tab 2nd row, 3rd column (same as @samp{C2}) +@item @samp{$5} +@tab column 5 in the current row (same as @samp{E&}) +@item @samp{@@2} +@tab current column, row 2 +@item @samp{@@-1$-3} +@tab field one row up, three columns to the left +@item @samp{@@-I$2} +@tab field just under hline above current row, column 2 +@item @samp{@@>$5} +@tab field in the last row, in column 5 +@end multitable + +@anchor{Range references} +@subsubheading Range references + +@cindex range references +@cindex references, to ranges +You may reference a rectangular range of fields by specifying two +field references connected by two dots @samp{..}. The ends are included in +the range. If both fields are in the current row, you may simply use +@samp{$2..$7}, but if at least one field is in a different row, you need to +use the general @samp{@@ROW$COLUMN} format at least for the first field, +i.e., the reference must start with @samp{@@} in order to be interpreted +correctly. Examples: + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.8 +@item @samp{$1..$3} +@tab first three fields in the current row +@item @samp{$P..$Q} +@tab range, using column names (see @ref{Advanced features}) +@item @samp{$<<<..$>>} +@tab start in third column, continue to the last but one +@item @samp{@@2$1..@@4$3} +@tab nine fields between these two fields (same as @samp{A2..C4}) +@item @samp{@@-1$-2..@@-1} +@tab 3 fields in the row above, starting from 2 columns on the left +@item @samp{@@I..II} +@tab between first and second hline, short for @samp{@@I..@@II} +@end multitable + +@noindent +Range references return a vector of values that can be fed into Calc +vector functions. Empty fields in ranges are normally suppressed, so +that the vector contains only the non-empty fields. For other options +with the mode switches @samp{E}, @samp{N} and examples, see @ref{Formula syntax for Calc}. + +@anchor{Field coordinates in formulas} +@subsubheading Field coordinates in formulas + +@cindex field coordinates +@cindex coordinates, of field +@cindex row, of field coordinates +@cindex column, of field coordinates +@vindex org-table-current-column +@vindex org-table-current-dline +One of the very first actions during evaluation of Calc formulas and +Lisp formulas is to substitute @samp{@@#} and @samp{$#} in the formula with the +row or column number of the field where the current result will go to. +The traditional Lisp formula equivalents are @code{org-table-current-dline} +and @code{org-table-current-column}. Examples: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{if(@@# % 2, $#, string(""))} +Insert column number on odd rows, set field to empty on even rows. + +@item @samp{$2 = '(identity remote(FOO, @@@@#$1))} +Copy text or values of each row of column 1 of the table named +@var{FOO} into column 2 of the current table. + +@item @samp{@@3 = 2 * remote(FOO, @@1$$#)} +Insert the doubled value of each column of row 1 of the table +named @var{FOO} into row 3 of the current table. +@end table + +@noindent +For the second and third examples, table @var{FOO} must have at +least as many rows or columns as the current table. Note that this is +inefficient@footnote{The computation time scales as O(N^2) because table +@var{FOO} is parsed for each field to be copied.} for large number of rows. + +@anchor{Named references} +@subsubheading Named references + +@cindex named references +@cindex references, named +@cindex name, of column or field +@cindex constants, in calculations +@cindex @samp{CONSTANTS}, keyword +@vindex org-table-formula-constants + +@samp{$name} is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or constant. +Constants are defined globally through the variable +@code{org-table-formula-constants}, and locally---for the file---through +a line like this example: + +@example +#+CONSTANTS: c=299792458. pi=3.14 eps=2.4e-6 +@end example + + +@vindex constants-unit-system +@pindex constants.el +Also, properties (see @ref{Properties and Columns}) can be used as +constants in table formulas: for a property @samp{Xyz} use the name +@samp{$PROP_Xyz}, and the property will be searched in the current outline +entry and in the hierarchy above it. If you have the @samp{constants.el} +package, it will also be used to resolve constants, including natural +constants like @samp{$h} for Planck's constant, and units like @samp{$km} for +kilometers@footnote{The file @samp{constants.el} can supply the values of constants in +two different unit systems, @samp{SI} and @samp{cgs}. Which one is used depends +on the value of the variable @code{constants-unit-system}. You can use the +@samp{STARTUP} options @samp{constSI} and @samp{constcgs} to set this value for the +current buffer.}. Column names and parameters can be specified in +special table lines. These are described below, see @ref{Advanced features}. All names must start with a letter, and further consist +of letters and numbers. + +@anchor{Remote references} +@subsubheading Remote references + +@cindex remote references +@cindex references, remote +@cindex references, to a different table +@cindex name, of column or field +@cindex @samp{NAME}, keyword +You may also reference constants, fields and ranges from a different +table, either in the current file or even in a different file. The +syntax is + +@example +remote(NAME,REF) +@end example + + +@noindent +where @var{NAME} can be the name of a table in the current file +as set by a @samp{#+NAME:} line before the table. It can also be the ID of +an entry, even in a different file, and the reference then refers to +the first table in that entry. @var{REF} is an absolute field or +range reference as described above for example @samp{@@3$3} or @samp{$somename}, +valid in the referenced table. + +@cindex table indirection +When @var{NAME} has the format @samp{@@ROW$COLUMN}, it is substituted +with the name or ID found in this field of the current table. For +example @samp{remote($1, @@@@>$2)} @result{} @samp{remote(year_2013, @@@@>$1)}. The format +@samp{B3} is not supported because it can not be distinguished from a plain +table name or ID@. + +@node Formula syntax for Calc +@subsection Formula syntax for Calc + +@cindex formula syntax, Calc +@cindex syntax, of formulas + +A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs Calc +package. Note that Calc has the non-standard convention that @samp{/} has +lower precedence than @samp{*}, so that @samp{a/b*c} is interpreted as +@samp{(a/(b*c))}. Before evaluation by @code{calc-eval} (see @ref{Calling Calc from Your Programs,Calling Calc from +Your Lisp Programs,,calc,}), variable substitution takes place according to +the rules described above. + +@cindex vectors, in table calculations +The range vectors can be directly fed into the Calc vector functions +like @code{vmean} and @code{vsum}. + +@cindex format specifier, in spreadsheet +@cindex mode, for Calc +@vindex org-calc-default-modes +A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon. This +string consists of flags to influence Calc and other modes during +execution. By default, Org uses the standard Calc modes (precision +12, angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off). The +display format, however, has been changed to @samp{(float 8)} to keep +tables compact. The default settings can be configured using the +variable @code{org-calc-default-modes}. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{p20} +Set the internal Calc calculation precision to 20 digits. + +@item @samp{n3}, @samp{s3}, @samp{e2}, @samp{f4} +Normal, scientific, engineering or fixed format of the result of +Calc passed back to Org. Calc formatting is unlimited in precision +as long as the Calc calculation precision is greater. + +@item @samp{D}, @samp{R} +Degree and radian angle modes of Calc. + +@item @samp{F}, @samp{S} +Fraction and symbolic modes of Calc. + +@item @samp{u} +Units simplification mode of Calc. Calc is also a symbolic +calculator and is capable of working with values having a unit, +represented with numerals followed by a unit string in Org table +cells. This mode instructs Calc to simplify the units in the +computed expression before returning the result. + +@item @samp{T}, @samp{t}, @samp{U} +Duration computations in Calc or Lisp, @ref{Durations and time values}. + +@item @samp{E} +If and how to consider empty fields. Without @samp{E} empty fields in +range references are suppressed so that the Calc vector or Lisp list +contains only the non-empty fields. With @samp{E} the empty fields are +kept. For empty fields in ranges or empty field references the +value @samp{nan} (not a number) is used in Calc formulas and the empty +string is used for Lisp formulas. Add @samp{N} to use 0 instead for both +formula types. For the value of a field the mode @samp{N} has higher +precedence than @samp{E}. + +@item @samp{N} +Interpret all fields as numbers, use 0 for non-numbers. See the +next section to see how this is essential for computations with Lisp +formulas. In Calc formulas it is used only occasionally because +there number strings are already interpreted as numbers without @samp{N}. + +@item @samp{L} +Literal, for Lisp formulas only. See the next section. +@end table + +Unless you use large integer numbers or high-precision calculation and +display for floating point numbers you may alternatively provide +a @code{printf} format specifier to reformat the Calc result after it has +been passed back to Org instead of letting Calc already do the +formatting@footnote{The printf reformatting is limited in precision because the +value passed to it is converted into an ``integer'' or ``double''. The +``integer'' is limited in size by truncating the signed value to 32 +bits. The ``double'' is limited in precision to 64 bits overall which +leaves approximately 16 significant decimal digits.}. A few examples: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{$1+$2} +@tab Sum of first and second field +@item @samp{$1+$2;%.2f} +@tab Same, format result to two decimals +@item @samp{exp($2)+exp($1)} +@tab Math functions can be used +@item @samp{$0;%.1f} +@tab Reformat current cell to 1 decimal +@item @samp{($3-32)*5/9} +@tab Degrees F @arrow{} C conversion +@item @samp{$c/$1/$cm} +@tab Hz @arrow{} cm conversion, using @samp{constants.el} +@item @samp{tan($1);Dp3s1} +@tab Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1 +@item @samp{sin($1);Dp3%.1e} +@tab Same, but use @code{printf} specifier for display +@item @samp{vmean($2..$7)} +@tab Compute column range mean, using vector function +@item @samp{vmean($2..$7);EN} +@tab Same, but treat empty fields as 0 +@item @samp{taylor($3,x=7,2)} +@tab Taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree +@end multitable + +Calc also contains a complete set of logical operations (see @ref{Logical Operations,Logical +Operations,,calc,}). For example + +@table @asis +@item @samp{if($1 < 20, teen, string(""))} +@samp{"teen"} if age @samp{$1} is less than 20, else the Org table result +field is set to empty with the empty string. + +@item @samp{if("$1" =​= "nan" || "$2" =​= "nan", string(""), $1 + $2); E f-1} +Sum of the first two columns. When at least one of the input fields +is empty the Org table result field is set to empty. @samp{E} is +required to not convert empty fields to 0. @samp{f-1} is an optional +Calc format string similar to @samp{%.1f} but leaves empty results empty. + +@item @samp{if(typeof(vmean($1..$7)) =​= 12, string(""), vmean($1..$7); E} +Mean value of a range unless there is any empty field. Every field +in the range that is empty is replaced by @samp{nan} which lets @samp{vmean} +result in @samp{nan}. Then @samp{typeof =} 12= detects the @samp{nan} from @code{vmean} +and the Org table result field is set to empty. Use this when the +sample set is expected to never have missing values. + +@item @samp{if("$1..$7" =​= "[]", string(""), vmean($1..$7))} +Mean value of a range with empty fields skipped. Every field in the +range that is empty is skipped. When all fields in the range are +empty the mean value is not defined and the Org table result field +is set to empty. Use this when the sample set can have a variable +size. + +@item @samp{vmean($1..$7); EN} +To complete the example before: Mean value of a range with empty +fields counting as samples with value 0. Use this only when +incomplete sample sets should be padded with 0 to the full size. +@end table + +You can add your own Calc functions defined in Emacs Lisp with +@code{defmath} and use them in formula syntax for Calc. + +@node Formula syntax for Lisp +@subsection Emacs Lisp forms as formulas + +@cindex Lisp forms, as table formulas + +It is also possible to write a formula in Emacs Lisp. This can be +useful for string manipulation and control structures, if Calc's +functionality is not enough. + +A formula is evaluated as a Lisp form when it starts with a +single-quote followed by an opening parenthesis. Cell table +references are interpolated into the Lisp form before execution. The +evaluation should return either a string or a number. Evaluation +modes and a @code{printf} format used to render the returned values can be +specified after a semicolon. + +By default, references are interpolated as literal Lisp strings: the +field content is replaced in the Lisp form stripped of leading and +trailing white space and surrounded in double-quotes. For example: + +@example +'(concat $1 $2) +@end example + + +@noindent +concatenates the content of columns 1 and column 2. + +When the @samp{N} flag is used, all referenced elements are parsed as +numbers and interpolated as Lisp numbers, without quotes. Fields that +cannot be parsed as numbers are interpolated as zeros. For example: + +@example +'(+ $1 $2);N +@end example + + +@noindent +adds columns 1 and 2, equivalent to Calc's @samp{$1+$2}. Ranges are +inserted as space-separated fields, so they can be embedded in list or +vector syntax. For example: + +@example +'(apply '+ '($1..$4));N +@end example + + +@noindent +computes the sum of columns 1 to 4, like Calc's @samp{vsum($1..$4)}. + +When the @samp{L} flag is used, all fields are interpolated literally: the +cell content is replaced in the Lisp form stripped of leading and +trailing white space and without quotes. If a reference is intended +to be interpreted as a string by the Lisp form, the reference operator +itself should be enclosed in double-quotes, like @samp{"$3"}. The @samp{L} flag +is useful when strings and numbers are used in the same Lisp form. For +example: + +@example +'(substring "$1" $2 $3);L +@end example + + +@noindent +extracts the part of the string in column 1 between the character +positions specified in the integers in column 2 and 3 and it is easier +to read than the equivalent: + +@example +'(substring $1 (string-to-number $2) (string-to-number $3)) +@end example + +@node Durations and time values +@subsection Durations and time values + +@cindex duration, computing +@cindex time, computing +@vindex org-table-duration-custom-format + +If you want to compute time values use the @samp{T}, @samp{t}, or @samp{U} flag, +either in Calc formulas or Elisp formulas: + +@example +| Task 1 | Task 2 | Total | +|---------+----------+----------| +| 2:12 | 1:47 | 03:59:00 | +| 2:12 | 1:47 | 03:59 | +| 3:02:20 | -2:07:00 | 0.92 | +#+TBLFM: @@2$3=$1+$2;T::@@3$3=$1+$2;U::@@4$3=$1+$2;t +@end example + +Input duration values must be of the form @samp{HH:MM[:SS]}, where seconds +are optional. With the @samp{T} flag, computed durations are displayed as +@samp{HH:MM:SS} (see the first formula above). With the @samp{U} flag, seconds +are omitted so that the result is only @samp{HH:MM} (see second formula +above). Zero-padding of the hours field depends upon the value of the +variable @code{org-table-duration-hour-zero-padding}. + +With the @samp{t} flag, computed durations are displayed according to the +value of the option @code{org-table-duration-custom-format}, which defaults +to @code{hours} and displays the result as a fraction of hours (see the +third formula in the example above). + +Negative duration values can be manipulated as well, and integers are +considered as seconds in addition and subtraction. + +@node Field and range formulas +@subsection Field and range formulas + +@cindex field formula +@cindex range formula +@cindex formula, for individual table field +@cindex formula, for range of fields + +To assign a formula to a particular field, type it directly into the +field, preceded by @samp{:=}, for example @samp{vsum(@@II..III)}. When you press +@kbd{@key{TAB}} or @kbd{@key{RET}} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with point +still in the field, the formula is stored as the formula for this +field, evaluated, and the current field is replaced with the result. + +@cindex @samp{TBLFM}, keyword +Formulas are stored in a special @samp{TBLFM} keyword located directly +below the table. If you type the equation in the fourth field of the +third data line in the table, the formula looks like @samp{@@3$4=$1+$2}. +When inserting/deleting/swapping column and rows with the appropriate +commands, @emph{absolute references} (but not relative ones) in stored +formulas are modified in order to still reference the same field. To +avoid this from happening, in particular in range references, anchor +ranges at the table borders (using @samp{@@<}, @samp{@@>}, @samp{$<}, @samp{$>}), or at +hlines using the @samp{@@I} notation. Automatic adaptation of field +references does not happen if you edit the table structure with normal +editing commands---you must fix the formulas yourself. + +Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the +following command + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-u C-c =} (@code{org-table-eval-formula}) +@kindex C-u C-c = +@findex org-table-eval-formula +Install a new formula for the current field. The command prompts +for a formula with default taken from the @samp{TBLFM} keyword, +applies it to the current field, and stores it. +@end table + +The left-hand side of a formula can also be a special expression in +order to assign the formula to a number of different fields. There is +no keyboard shortcut to enter such range formulas. To add them, use +the formula editor (see @ref{Editing and debugging formulas}) or edit +the @samp{TBLFM} keyword directly. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{$2=} +Column formula, valid for the entire column. This is so common that +Org treats these formulas in a special way, see @ref{Column formulas}. + +@item @samp{@@3=} +Row formula, applies to all fields in the specified row. @samp{@@>=} +means the last row. + +@item @samp{@@1$2..@@4$3=} +Range formula, applies to all fields in the given rectangular range. +This can also be used to assign a formula to some but not all fields +in a row. + +@item @samp{$NAME=} +Named field, see @ref{Advanced features}. +@end table + +@node Column formulas +@subsection Column formulas + +@cindex column formula +@cindex formula, for table column + +When you assign a formula to a simple column reference like @samp{$3=}, the +same formula is used in all fields of that column, with the following +very convenient exceptions: (i) If the table contains horizontal +separator hlines with rows above and below, everything before the +first such hline is considered part of the table @emph{header} and is not +modified by column formulas. Therefore a header is mandatory when you +use column formulas and want to add hlines to group rows, like for +example to separate a total row at the bottom from the summand rows +above. (ii) Fields that already get a value from a field/range +formula are left alone by column formulas. These conditions make +column formulas very easy to use. + +To assign a formula to a column, type it directly into any field in +the column, preceded by an equal sign, like @samp{=$1+$2}. When you press +@kbd{@key{TAB}} or @kbd{@key{RET}} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with point +still in the field, the formula is stored as the formula for the +current column, evaluated and the current field replaced with the +result. If the field contains only @samp{=}, the previously stored formula +for this column is used. For each column, Org only remembers the most +recently used formula. In the @samp{TBLFM} keyword, column formulas look +like @samp{$4=$1+$2}. The left-hand side of a column formula can not be +the name of column, it must be the numeric column reference or @samp{$>}. + +Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the +following command: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c =} (@code{org-table-eval-formula}) +@kindex C-c = +@findex org-table-eval-formula +Install a new formula for the current column and replace current +field with the result of the formula. The command prompts for +a formula, with default taken from the @samp{TBLFM} keyword, applies it +to the current field and stores it. With a numeric prefix argument, +e.g., @kbd{C-5 C-c =}, the command applies it to that many +consecutive fields in the current column. +@end table + +@node Lookup functions +@subsection Lookup functions + +@cindex lookup functions in tables +@cindex table lookup functions + +Org has three predefined Emacs Lisp functions for lookups in tables. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{(org-lookup-first VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)} +@findex org-lookup-first +Searches for the first element @var{S} in list +@var{S-LIST} for which +@lisp +(PREDICATE VAL S) +@end lisp +is non-@code{nil}; returns the value from the corresponding position in +list @var{R-LIST}. The default @var{PREDICATE} is +@code{equal}. Note that the parameters @var{VAL} and @var{S} +are passed to @var{PREDICATE} in the same order as the +corresponding parameters are in the call to @code{org-lookup-first}, +where @var{VAL} precedes @var{S-LIST}. If +@var{R-LIST} is @code{nil}, the matching element @var{S} of +@var{S-LIST} is returned. + +@item @samp{(org-lookup-last VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)} +@findex org-lookup-last +Similar to @code{org-lookup-first} above, but searches for the @emph{last} +element for which @var{PREDICATE} is non-@code{nil}. + +@item @samp{(org-lookup-all VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE)} +@findex org-lookup-all +Similar to @code{org-lookup-first}, but searches for @emph{all} elements for +which @var{PREDICATE} is non-@code{nil}, and returns @emph{all} +corresponding values. This function can not be used by itself in +a formula, because it returns a list of values. However, powerful +lookups can be built when this function is combined with other Emacs +Lisp functions. +@end table + +If the ranges used in these functions contain empty fields, the @samp{E} +mode for the formula should usually be specified: otherwise empty +fields are not included in @var{S-LIST} and/or @var{R-LIST} +which can, for example, result in an incorrect mapping from an element +of @var{S-LIST} to the corresponding element of +@var{R-LIST}. + +These three functions can be used to implement associative arrays, +count matching cells, rank results, group data, etc. For practical +examples see @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-lookups.html, this tutorial on Worg}. + +@node Editing and debugging formulas +@subsection Editing and debugging formulas + +@cindex formula editing +@cindex editing, of table formulas + +@vindex org-table-use-standard-references +You can edit individual formulas in the minibuffer or directly in the +field. Org can also prepare a special buffer with all active formulas +of a table. When offering a formula for editing, Org converts +references to the standard format (like @samp{B3} or @samp{D&}) if possible. If +you prefer to only work with the internal format (like @samp{@@3$2} or +@samp{$4}), configure the variable @code{org-table-use-standard-references}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c =} or @kbd{C-u C-c =} (@code{org-table-eval-formula}) +@kindex C-c = +@kindex C-u C-c = +@findex org-table-eval-formula +Edit the formula associated with the current column/field in the +minibuffer. See @ref{Column formulas}, and @ref{Field and range formulas}. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-c =} (@code{org-table-eval-formula}) +@kindex C-u C-u C-c = +@findex org-table-eval-formula +Re-insert the active formula (either a field formula, or a column +formula) into the current field, so that you can edit it directly in +the field. The advantage over editing in the minibuffer is that you +can use the command @kbd{C-c ?}. + +@item @kbd{C-c ?} (@code{org-table-field-info}) +@kindex C-c ? +@findex org-table-field-info +While editing a formula in a table field, highlight the field(s) +referenced by the reference at point position in the formula. + +@item @kbd{C-c @}} (@code{org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays}) +@kindex C-c @} +@findex org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays +Toggle the display of row and column numbers for a table, using +overlays. These are updated each time the table is aligned; you can +force it with @kbd{C-c C-c}. + +@item @kbd{C-c @{} (@code{org-table-toggle-formula-debugger}) +@kindex C-c @{ +@findex org-table-toggle-formula-debugger +Toggle the formula debugger on and off. See below. + +@item @kbd{C-c '} (@code{org-table-edit-formulas}) +@kindex C-c ' +@findex org-table-edit-formulas +Edit all formulas for the current table in a special buffer, where +the formulas are displayed one per line. If the current field has +an active formula, point in the formula editor marks it. While +inside the special buffer, Org automatically highlights any field or +range reference at point position. You may edit, remove and add +formulas, and use the following commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{C-x C-s} (@code{org-table-fedit-finish}) +@kindex C-x C-s +@kindex C-c C-c +@findex org-table-fedit-finish +Exit the formula editor and store the modified formulas. With +@kbd{C-u} prefix, also apply the new formulas to the +entire table. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{org-table-fedit-abort}) +@kindex C-c C-q +@findex org-table-fedit-abort +Exit the formula editor without installing changes. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-r} (@code{org-table-fedit-toggle-ref-type}) +@kindex C-c C-r +@findex org-table-fedit-toggle-ref-type +Toggle all references in the formula editor between standard (like +@samp{B3}) and internal (like @samp{@@3$2}). + +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} (@code{org-table-fedit-lisp-indent}) +@kindex TAB +@findex org-table-fedit-lisp-indent +Pretty-print or indent Lisp formula at point. When in a line +containing a Lisp formula, format the formula according to Emacs +Lisp rules. Another @kbd{@key{TAB}} collapses the formula back +again. In the open formula, @kbd{@key{TAB}} re-indents just like +in Emacs Lisp mode. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (@code{lisp-complete-symbol}) +@kindex M-TAB +@findex lisp-complete-symbol +Complete Lisp symbols, just like in Emacs Lisp mode. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}}, @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}}, @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}}, @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +@kindex S-UP +@kindex S-DOWN +@kindex S-LEFT +@kindex S-RIGHT +@findex org-table-fedit-ref-up +@findex org-table-fedit-ref-down +@findex org-table-fedit-ref-left +@findex org-table-fedit-ref-right +Shift the reference at point. For example, if the reference is +@samp{B3} and you press @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}}, it becomes @samp{C3}. This also +works for relative references and for hline references. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{UP}} (@code{org-table-fedit-line-up}) +@kindex M-S-UP +@findex org-table-fedit-line-up +Move the test line for column formulas up in the Org buffer. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-table-fedit-line-down}) +@kindex M-S-DOWN +@findex org-table-fedit-line-down +Move the test line for column formulas down in the Org buffer. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}} (@code{org-table-fedit-scroll-up}) +@kindex M-UP +@findex org-table-fedit-scroll-up +Scroll up the window displaying the table. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-table-fedit-scroll-down}) +@kindex M-DOWN +@findex org-table-fedit-scroll-down +Scroll down the window displaying the table. + +@item @kbd{C-c @}} +@kindex C-c @} +@findex org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays +Turn the coordinate grid in the table on and off. +@end table +@end table + +Making a table field blank does not remove the formula associated with +the field, because that is stored in a different line---the @samp{TBLFM} +keyword line. During the next recalculation, the field will be filled +again. To remove a formula from a field, you have to give an empty +reply when prompted for the formula, or to edit the @samp{TBLFM} keyword. + +@kindex C-c C-c +You may edit the @samp{TBLFM} keyword directly and re-apply the changed +equations with @kbd{C-c C-c} in that line or with the normal +recalculation commands in the table. + +@anchor{Using multiple @samp{TBLFM} lines} +@subsubheading Using multiple @samp{TBLFM} lines + +@cindex multiple formula lines +@cindex @samp{TBLFM} keywords, multiple +@cindex @samp{TBLFM}, switching + +@kindex C-c C-c +You may apply the formula temporarily. This is useful when you want +to switch the formula applied to the table. Place multiple @samp{TBLFM} +keywords right after the table, and then press @kbd{C-c C-c} on +the formula to apply. Here is an example: + +@example +| x | y | +|---+---| +| 1 | | +| 2 | | +#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1 +#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2 +@end example + +@noindent +Pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} in the line of @samp{#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2} yields: + +@example +| x | y | +|---+---| +| 1 | 2 | +| 2 | 4 | +#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1 +#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2 +@end example + +@noindent +If you recalculate this table, with @kbd{C-u C-c *}, for example, +you get the following result from applying only the first @samp{TBLFM} +keyword. + +@example +| x | y | +|---+---| +| 1 | 1 | +| 2 | 2 | +#+TBLFM: $2=$1*1 +#+TBLFM: $2=$1*2 +@end example + +@anchor{Debugging formulas} +@subsubheading Debugging formulas + +@cindex formula debugging +@cindex debugging, of table formulas + +When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content +becomes the string @samp{#ERROR}. If you would like to see what is going +on during variable substitution and calculation in order to find +a bug, turn on formula debugging in the Tbl menu and repeat the +calculation, for example by pressing @kbd{C-u C-u C-c = @key{RET}} in +a field. Detailed information are displayed. + +@node Updating the table +@subsection Updating the table + +@cindex recomputing table fields +@cindex updating, table + +Recalculation of a table is normally not automatic, but needs to be +triggered by a command. To make recalculation at least +semi-automatic, see @ref{Advanced features}. + +In order to recalculate a line of a table or the entire table, use the +following commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c *} (@code{org-table-recalculate}) +@kindex C-c * +@findex org-table-recalculate +Recalculate the current row by first applying the stored column +formulas from left to right, and all field/range formulas in the +current row. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c *} or @kbd{C-u C-c C-c} +@kindex C-u C-c * +@kindex C-u C-c C-c +Recompute the entire table, line by line. Any lines before the +first hline are left alone, assuming that these are part of the +table header. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-c *} or @kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-c} (@code{org-table-iterate}) +@kindex C-u C-u C-c * +@kindex C-u C-u C-c C-c +@findex org-table-iterate +Iterate the table by recomputing it until no further changes occur. +This may be necessary if some computed fields use the value of other +fields that are computed @emph{later} in the calculation sequence. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-table-recalculate-buffer-tables} +@findex org-table-recalculate-buffer-tables +Recompute all tables in the current buffer. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-table-iterate-buffer-tables} +@findex org-table-iterate-buffer-tables +Iterate all tables in the current buffer, in order to converge +table-to-table dependencies. +@end table + +@node Advanced features +@subsection Advanced features + +If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically, or if +you want to be able to assign @emph{names}@footnote{Such names must start with an alphabetic character and use +only alphanumeric/underscore characters.} to fields and columns, +you need to reserve the first column of the table for special marking +characters. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-#} (@code{org-table-rotate-recalc-marks}) +@kindex C-# +@findex org-table-rotate-recalc-marks +Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states @samp{#}, +@samp{*}, @samp{!}, @samp{$}. When there is an active region, change all marks in +the region. +@end table + +Here is an example of a table that collects exam results of students +and makes use of these features: + +@example +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note | +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +| ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | | +| # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 | +| ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | | +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +| # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 | +| # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 | +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +| | Average | | | | 25.0 | | +| ^ | | | | | at | | +| $ | max=50 | | | | | | +|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| +#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(@@-II..@@-I);%.1f +@end example + +@quotation Important +Please note that for these special tables, recalculating the table +with @kbd{C-u C-c *} only affects rows that are marked @samp{#} or +@samp{*}, and fields that have a formula assigned to the field itself. The +column formulas are not applied in rows with empty first field. + +@end quotation + +@cindex marking characters, tables +The marking characters have the following meaning: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{!} +The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that you +may refer to a column as @samp{$Tot} instead of @samp{$6}. + +@item @samp{^} +This row defines names for the fields @emph{above} the row. With such +a definition, any formula in the table may use @samp{$m1} to refer to the +value @samp{10}. Also, if you assign a formula to a names field, it is +stored as @samp{$name = ...}. + +@item @samp{_} +Similar to @samp{^}, but defines names for the fields in the row @emph{below}. + +@item @samp{$} +Fields in this row can define @emph{parameters} for formulas. For +example, if a field in a @samp{$} row contains @samp{max=50}, then formulas in +this table can refer to the value 50 using @samp{$max}. Parameters work +exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on a per-table +basis. + +@item @samp{#} +Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing +@kbd{@key{TAB}} or @kbd{@key{RET}} or @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} in this row. +Also, this row is selected for a global recalculation with +@kbd{C-u C-c *}. Unmarked lines are left alone by this +command. + +@item @samp{*} +Selects this line for global recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}, but not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic +recalculation slows down editing too much. + +@item @samp{/} +Do not export this line. Useful for lines that contain the +narrowing @samp{} markers or column group markers. +@end table + +Finally, just to whet your appetite for what can be done with the +fantastic Calc package, here is a table that computes the Taylor +series of degree n at location x for a couple of functions. + +@example +|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| +| | Func | n | x | Result | +|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| +| # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x | +| # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 | +| # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 | +| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 | +| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 | +| * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 | +|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| +#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3 +@end example + +@node Org Plot +@section Org Plot + +@cindex graph, in tables +@cindex plot tables using Gnuplot + +Org Plot can produce graphs of information stored in Org tables, +either graphically or in ASCII art. + +@anchor{Graphical plots using Gnuplot} +@subheading Graphical plots using Gnuplot + +@cindex @samp{PLOT}, keyword +Org Plot can produce 2D and 3D graphs of information stored in Org +tables using @uref{https://www.gnuplot.info/, Gnuplot} and @uref{http://cars9.uchicago.edu/~ravel/software/gnuplot-mode.html, Gnuplot mode}. To see this in action, ensure +that you have both Gnuplot and Gnuplot mode installed on your system, +then call @kbd{C-c " g} or @kbd{M-x org-plot/gnuplot} on the +following table. + +@example +#+PLOT: title:"Citas" ind:1 deps:(3) type:2d with:histograms set:"yrange [0:]" +| Sede | Max cites | H-index | +|-----------+-----------+---------| +| Chile | 257.72 | 21.39 | +| Leeds | 165.77 | 19.68 | +| Sao Paolo | 71.00 | 11.50 | +| Stockholm | 134.19 | 14.33 | +| Morelia | 257.56 | 17.67 | +@end example + +Org Plot supports a range of plot types, and provides the ability to add more. +For example, a radar plot can be generated like so: +@example +#+PLOT: title:"An evaluation of plaintext document formats" transpose:yes type:radar min:0 max:4 +| Format | Fine-grained-control | Initial Effort | Syntax simplicity | Editor Support | Integrations | Ease-of-referencing | Versatility | +|-------------------+----------------------+----------------+-------------------+----------------+--------------+---------------------+-------------| +| Word | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | +| LaTeX | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | +| Org Mode | 4 | 2 | 3.5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | +| Markdown | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | +| Markdown + Pandoc | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | +@end example + +Notice that Org Plot is smart enough to apply the table's headers as +labels. Further control over the labels, type, content, and +appearance of plots can be exercised through the @samp{PLOT} keyword +preceding a table. See below for a complete list of Org Plot options. +For more information and examples see the @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-plot.html, Org Plot tutorial}. + +@anchor{Plot options} +@subsubheading Plot options + +@table @asis +@item @samp{set} +Specify any Gnuplot option to be set when graphing. + +@item @samp{title} +Specify the title of the plot. + +@item @samp{ind} +Specify which column of the table to use as the @samp{x} axis. + +@item @samp{deps} +Specify the columns to graph as a Lisp style list, surrounded by +parentheses and separated by spaces for example @samp{dep:(3 4)} to graph +the third and fourth columns. Defaults to graphing all other +columns aside from the @samp{ind} column. + +@item transpose +When @samp{y}, @samp{yes}, or @samp{t} attempt to transpose the table data before +plotting. Also recognises the shorthand option @samp{trans}. + +@item @samp{type} +Specify the type of the plot, by default one of @samp{2d}, @samp{3d}, @samp{radar}, or @samp{grid}. +Available types can be customised with @code{org-plot/preset-plot-types}. + +@item @samp{with} +Specify a @samp{with} option to be inserted for every column being +plotted, e.g., @samp{lines}, @samp{points}, @samp{boxes}, @samp{impulses}. Defaults to +@samp{lines}. + +@item @samp{file} +If you want to plot to a file, specify +@samp{"path/to/desired/output-file"}. + +@item @samp{labels} +List of labels to be used for the @samp{deps}. Defaults to the column +headers if they exist. + +@item @samp{line} +Specify an entire line to be inserted in the Gnuplot script. + +@item @samp{map} +When plotting @samp{3d} or @samp{grid} types, set this to @samp{t} to graph a flat +mapping rather than a @samp{3d} slope. + +@item min +Provides a minimum axis value that may be used by a plot type. +Implicitly assumes the @samp{y} axis is being referred to. Can +explicitly provide a value for a either the @samp{x} or @samp{y} axis with +@samp{xmin} and @samp{ymin}. + +@item max +Provides a maximum axis value that may be used by a plot type. +Implicitly assumes the @samp{y} axis is being referred to. Can +explicitly provide a value for a either the @samp{x} or @samp{y} axis with +@samp{xmax} and @samp{ymax}. + +@item ticks +Provides a desired number of axis ticks to display, that may be used +by a plot type. If none is given a plot type that requires ticks +will use @code{org--plot/sensible-tick-num} to try to determine a good +value. + +@item @samp{timefmt} +Specify format of Org mode timestamps as they will be parsed by +Gnuplot. Defaults to @samp{%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S}. + +@item @samp{script} +If you want total control, you can specify a script file---place the +file name between double-quotes---which will be used to plot. +Before plotting, every instance of @samp{$datafile} in the specified +script will be replaced with the path to the generated data file. +Note: even if you set this option, you may still want to specify the +plot type, as that can impact the content of the data file. +@end table + +@anchor{ASCII bar plots} +@subheading ASCII bar plots + +While point is on a column, typing @kbd{C-c `` a} or @kbd{M-x orgtbl-ascii-plot} create a new column containing an ASCII-art bars +plot. The plot is implemented through a regular column formula. When +the source column changes, the bar plot may be updated by refreshing +the table, for example typing @kbd{C-u C-c *}. + +@example +| Sede | Max cites | | +|---------------+-----------+--------------| +| Chile | 257.72 | WWWWWWWWWWWW | +| Leeds | 165.77 | WWWWWWWh | +| Sao Paolo | 71.00 | WWW; | +| Stockholm | 134.19 | WWWWWW: | +| Morelia | 257.56 | WWWWWWWWWWWH | +| Rochefourchat | 0.00 | | +#+TBLFM: $3='(orgtbl-ascii-draw $2 0.0 257.72 12) +@end example + +The formula is an Elisp call. + +@defun orgtbl-ascii-draw value min max &optional width +Draw an ASCII bar in a table. + +@var{VALUE} is the value to plot. + +@var{MIN} is the value displayed as an empty bar. @var{MAX} +is the value filling all the @var{WIDTH}. Sources values outside +this range are displayed as @samp{too small} or @samp{too large}. + +@var{WIDTH} is the number of characters of the bar plot. It +defaults to @samp{12}. +@end defun + +@node Hyperlinks +@chapter Hyperlinks + +@cindex hyperlinks + +Like HTML, Org provides support for links inside a file, external +links to other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more. + +@menu +* Link Format:: How links in Org are formatted. +* Internal Links:: Links to other places in the current file. +* Radio Targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text. +* External Links:: URL-like links to the world. +* Handling Links:: Creating, inserting and following. +* Using Links Outside Org:: Linking from my C source code? +* Link Abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links. +* Search Options:: Linking to a specific location. +* Custom Searches:: When the default search is not enough. +@end menu + +@node Link Format +@section Link Format + +@cindex link format +@cindex format, of links + +@cindex angle bracket links +@cindex plain links +Org recognizes plain URIs, possibly wrapped within angle +brackets@footnote{Plain URIs are recognized only for a well-defined set of +schemes. See @ref{External Links}. Unlike URI syntax, they cannot contain +parenthesis or white spaces, either. URIs within angle brackets have +no such limitation.}, and activate them as clickable links. + +@cindex bracket links +The general link format, however, looks like this: + +@example +[[LINK][DESCRIPTION]] +@end example + + +@noindent +or alternatively + +@example +[[LINK]] +@end example + + +@cindex escape syntax, for links +@cindex backslashes, in links +Some @samp{\}, @samp{[} and @samp{]} characters in the @var{LINK} part need to +be ``escaped'', i.e., preceded by another @samp{\} character. More +specifically, the following characters, and only them, must be +escaped: + +@enumerate +@item +all @samp{[} and @samp{]} characters, +@item +every @samp{\} character preceding either @samp{]} or @samp{[}, +@item +every @samp{\} character at the end of the link. +@end enumerate + +@findex org-link-escape +Functions inserting links (see @ref{Handling Links}) properly escape +ambiguous characters. You only need to bother about the rules above +when inserting directly, or yanking, a URI within square brackets. +When in doubt, you may use the function @code{org-link-escape}, which turns +a link string into its escaped form. + +Once a link in the buffer is complete, with all brackets present, Org +changes the display so that @samp{DESCRIPTION} is displayed instead of +@samp{[[LINK][DESCRIPTION]]} and @samp{LINK} is displayed instead of @samp{[[LINK]]}. +Links are highlighted in the @code{org-link} face, which, by default, is an +underlined face. + +You can directly edit the visible part of a link. This can be either +the @var{LINK} part, if there is no description, or the +@var{DESCRIPTION} part otherwise. To also edit the invisible +@var{LINK} part, use @kbd{C-c C-l} with point on the link +(see @ref{Handling Links}). + +If you place point at the beginning or just behind the end of the +displayed text and press @kbd{@key{BS}}, you remove +the---invisible---bracket at that location@footnote{More accurately, the precise behavior depends on how point +arrived there---see @ref{Invisible Text,Invisible Text,,elisp,}.}. This makes the link +incomplete and the internals are again displayed as plain text. +Inserting the missing bracket hides the link internals again. To show +the internal structure of all links, use the menu: Org @arrow{} Hyperlinks @arrow{} +Literal links. + +@node Internal Links +@section Internal Links + +@cindex internal links +@cindex links, internal + +A link that does not look like a URL---i.e., does not start with +a known scheme or a file name---refers to the current document. You +can follow it with @kbd{C-c C-o} when point is on the link, or +with a mouse click (see @ref{Handling Links}). + +@cindex @samp{CUSTOM_ID}, property +Org provides several refinements to internal navigation within +a document. Most notably, a construct like @samp{[[#my-custom-id]]} +specifically targets the entry with the @samp{CUSTOM_ID} property set to +@samp{my-custom-id}. Also, an internal link looking like @samp{[[*Some +section]]} points to a headline with the name @samp{Some section}@footnote{To insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion +can be used. Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into +the buffer and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. All headlines in the current +buffer are offered as completions.}. + +@cindex targets, for links +When the link does not belong to any of the cases above, Org looks for +a @emph{dedicated target}: the same string in double angular brackets, like +@samp{<>}. + +@cindex @samp{NAME}, keyword +If no dedicated target exists, the link tries to match the exact name +of an element within the buffer. Naming is done, unsurprisingly, with +the @samp{NAME} keyword, which has to be put in the line before the element +it refers to, as in the following example + +@example +#+NAME: My Target +| a | table | +|----+------------| +| of | four cells | +@end example + +@vindex org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline +Ultimately, if none of the above succeeds, Org searches for a headline +that is exactly the link text but may also include a TODO keyword and +tags, or initiates a plain text search, according to the value of +@code{org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline}. + +Note that you must make sure custom IDs, dedicated targets, and names +are unique throughout the document. Org provides a linter to assist +you in the process, if needed. See @ref{Org Syntax}. + +During export, internal links are used to mark objects and assign them +a number. Marked objects are then referenced by links pointing to +them. In particular, links without a description appear as the number +assigned to the marked object@footnote{When targeting a @samp{NAME} keyword, the @samp{CAPTION} keyword is +mandatory in order to get proper numbering (see @ref{Captions}).}. In the following excerpt from +an Org buffer + +@example +1. one item +2. <>another item +Here we refer to item [[target]]. +@end example + +@noindent +The last sentence will appear as @samp{Here we refer to item 2} when +exported. + +In non-Org files, the search looks for the words in the link text. In +the above example the search would be for @samp{target}. + +Following a link pushes a mark onto Org's own mark ring. You can +return to the previous position with @kbd{C-c &}. Using this +command several times in direct succession goes back to positions +recorded earlier. + +@node Radio Targets +@section Radio Targets + +@cindex radio targets +@cindex targets, radio +@cindex links, radio targets + +Org can automatically turn any occurrences of certain target names in +normal text into a link. So without explicitly creating a link, the +text connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are +enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target @samp{<<>>} causes each occurrence of @samp{my target} in normal text to +become activated as a link. The Org file is scanned automatically for +radio targets only when the file is first loaded into Emacs. To +update the target list during editing, press @kbd{C-c C-c} with +point on or at a target. + +@node External Links +@section External Links + +@cindex links, external +@cindex external links +@cindex attachment links +@cindex BBDB links +@cindex Elisp links +@cindex file links +@cindex Gnus links +@cindex Help links +@cindex IRC links +@cindex Info links +@cindex MH-E links +@cindex Rmail links +@cindex shell links +@cindex URL links +@cindex Usenet links + +Org supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages, BBDB +database entries and links to both IRC conversations and their logs. +External links are URL-like locators. They start with a short +identifying string followed by a colon. There can be no space after +the colon. + +Here is the full set of built-in link types: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{file} +File links. File name may be remote, absolute, or relative. + +Additionally, you can specify a line number, or a text search. +In Org files, you may link to a headline name, a custom ID, or a +code reference instead. + +As a special case, ``file'' prefix may be omitted if the file name +is complete, e.g., it starts with @samp{./}, or @samp{/}. + +@item @samp{attachment} +Same as file links but for files and folders attached to the current +node (see @ref{Attachments}). Attachment links are intended to behave +exactly as file links but for files relative to the attachment +directory. + +@item @samp{bbdb} +Link to a BBDB record, with possible regexp completion. + +@item @samp{docview} +Link to a document opened with DocView mode. You may specify a page +number. + +@item @samp{doi} +Link to an electronic resource, through its handle. + +@item @samp{elisp} +Execute an Elisp command upon activation. + +@item @samp{gnus}, @samp{rmail}, @samp{mhe} +Link to messages or folders from a given Emacs' MUA@. + +@item @samp{help} +Display documentation of a symbol in @samp{*Help*} buffer. + +@item @samp{http}, @samp{https} +Web links. + +@item @samp{id} +Link to a specific headline by its ID property, in an Org file. + +@item @samp{info} +Link to an Info manual, or to a specific node. + +@item @samp{irc} +Link to an IRC channel. + +@item @samp{mailto} +Link to message composition. + +@item @samp{news} +Usenet links. + +@item @samp{shell} +Execute a shell command upon activation. +@end table + +The following table illustrates the link types above, along with their +options: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@headitem Link Type +@tab Example +@item http +@tab @samp{http://staff.science.uva.nl/c.dominik/} +@item https +@tab @samp{https://orgmode.org/} +@item doi +@tab @samp{doi:10.1000/182} +@item file +@tab @samp{file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg} +@item +@tab @samp{/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg} (same as above) +@item +@tab @samp{file:papers/last.pdf} +@item +@tab @samp{./papers/last.pdf} (same as above) +@item +@tab @samp{file:/ssh:me@@some.where:papers/last.pdf} (remote) +@item +@tab @samp{/ssh:me@@some.where:papers/last.pdf} (same as above) +@item +@tab @samp{file:sometextfile::NNN} (jump to line number) +@item +@tab @samp{file:projects.org} +@item +@tab @samp{file:projects.org::some words} (text search)@footnote{The actual behavior of the search depends on the value of the +variable @code{org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline}. If its value is +@code{nil}, then a fuzzy text search is done. If it is @code{t}, then only the +exact headline is matched, ignoring spaces and statistic cookies. If +the value is @code{query-to-create}, then an exact headline is searched; if +it is not found, then the user is queried to create it.} +@item +@tab @samp{file:projects.org::*task title} (headline search) +@item +@tab @samp{file:projects.org::#custom-id} (headline search) +@item attachment +@tab @samp{attachment:projects.org} +@item +@tab @samp{attachment:projects.org::some words} (text search) +@item docview +@tab @samp{docview:papers/last.pdf::NNN} +@item id +@tab @samp{id:B7423F4D-2E8A-471B-8810-C40F074717E9} +@item news +@tab @samp{news:comp.emacs} +@item mailto +@tab @samp{mailto:adent@@galaxy.net} +@item mhe +@tab @samp{mhe:folder} (folder link) +@item +@tab @samp{mhe:folder#id} (message link) +@item rmail +@tab @samp{rmail:folder} (folder link) +@item +@tab @samp{rmail:folder#id} (message link) +@item gnus +@tab @samp{gnus:group} (group link) +@item +@tab @samp{gnus:group#id} (article link) +@item bbdb +@tab @samp{bbdb:R.*Stallman} (record with regexp) +@item irc +@tab @samp{irc:/irc.com/#emacs/bob} +@item help +@tab @samp{help:org-store-link} +@item info +@tab @samp{info:org#External links} +@item shell +@tab @samp{shell:ls *.org} +@item elisp +@tab @samp{elisp:(find-file "Elisp.org")} (Elisp form to evaluate) +@item +@tab @samp{elisp:org-agenda} (interactive Elisp command) +@end multitable + +@cindex VM links +@cindex Wanderlust links +On top of these built-in link types, additional ones are available +through the @samp{org-contrib} repository (see @ref{Installation}). For +example, these links to VM or Wanderlust messages are available when +you load the corresponding libraries from the @samp{org-contrib} +repository: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{vm:folder} +@tab VM folder link +@item @samp{vm:folder#id} +@tab VM message link +@item @samp{vm://myself@@some.where.org/folder#id} +@tab VM on remote machine +@item @samp{vm-imap:account:folder} +@tab VM IMAP folder link +@item @samp{vm-imap:account:folder#id} +@tab VM IMAP message link +@item @samp{wl:folder} +@tab Wanderlust folder link +@item @samp{wl:folder#id} +@tab Wanderlust message link +@end multitable + +For information on customizing Org to add new link types, see @ref{Adding Hyperlink Types}. + +A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain +descriptive text to be displayed instead of the URL (see @ref{Link Format}), for example: + +@example +[[https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]] +@end example + + +If the description is a file name or URL that points to an image, HTML +export (see @ref{HTML Export}) inlines the image as a clickable button. If +there is no description at all and the link points to an image, that +image is inlined into the exported HTML file. + +@cindex square brackets, around links +@cindex angular brackets, around links +@cindex plain text external links +Org also recognizes external links amid normal text and activates them +as links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in +@samp{bbdb:R.*Stallman}), or if you need to remove ambiguities about the +end of the link, enclose the link in square or angular brackets. + +@node Handling Links +@section Handling Links + +@cindex links, handling + +Org provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to insert +it into an Org file, and to follow the link. + +@findex org-store-link +@cindex storing links +The main function is @code{org-store-link}, called with @kbd{M-x org-store-link}. Because of its importance, we suggest to bind it +to a widely available key (see @ref{Activation}). It stores a link to the +current location. The link is stored for later insertion into an Org +buffer---see below. The kind of link that is created depends on the +current buffer: + +@table @asis +@item @emph{Org mode buffers} +For Org files, if there is a @samp{<>} at point, the link points +to the target. Otherwise it points to the current headline, which +is also the description@footnote{If the headline contains a timestamp, it is removed from the +link, which results in a wrong link---you should avoid putting +a timestamp in the headline.}. + +@vindex org-id-link-to-org-use-id +@cindex @samp{CUSTOM_ID}, property +@cindex @samp{ID}, property +If the headline has a @samp{CUSTOM_ID} property, store a link to this +custom ID@. In addition or alternatively, depending on the value of +@code{org-id-link-to-org-use-id}, create and/or use a globally unique +@samp{ID} property for the link@footnote{The Org Id library must first be loaded, either through +@code{org-customize}, by enabling @code{id} in @code{org-modules}, or by adding +@samp{(require 'org-id)} in your Emacs init file.}. So using this command in Org +buffers potentially creates two links: a human-readable link from +the custom ID, and one that is globally unique and works even if the +entry is moved from file to file. The @samp{ID} property can be either a +UUID (default) or a timestamp, depending on @code{org-id-method}. Later, +when inserting the link, you need to decide which one to use. + +@item @emph{Email/News clients: VM, Rmail, Wanderlust, MH-E, Gnus} +@vindex org-link-email-description-format +Pretty much all Emacs mail clients are supported. The link points +to the current article, or, in some Gnus buffers, to the group. The +description is constructed according to the variable +@code{org-link-email-description-format}. By default, it refers to the +addressee and the subject. + +@item @emph{Web browsers: W3, W3M and EWW} +Here the link is the current URL, with the page title as the +description. + +@item @emph{Contacts: BBDB} +Links created in a BBDB buffer point to the current entry. + +@item @emph{Chat: IRC} +@vindex org-irc-links-to-logs +For IRC links, if the variable @code{org-irc-link-to-logs} is non-@code{nil}, +create a @samp{file} style link to the relevant point in the logs for the +current conversation. Otherwise store an @samp{irc} style link to the +user/channel/server under the point. + +@item @emph{Other files} +For any other file, the link points to the file, with a search +string (see @ref{Search Options}) pointing to the contents +of the current line. If there is an active region, the selected +words form the basis of the search string. You can write custom Lisp +functions to select the search string and perform the search for +particular file types (see @ref{Custom Searches}). + +You can also define dedicated links to other files. See @ref{Adding Hyperlink Types}. + +@item @emph{Agenda view} +When point is in an agenda view, the created link points to the +entry referenced by the current line. +@end table + +From an Org buffer, the following commands create, navigate or, more +generally, act on links. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-l} (@code{org-insert-link}) +@kindex C-c C-l +@findex org-insert-link +@cindex link completion +@cindex completion, of links +@cindex inserting links +@vindex org-link-keep-stored-after-insertion +Insert a link@footnote{Note that you do not have to use this command to insert +a link. Links in Org are plain text, and you can type or paste them +straight into the buffer. By using this command, the links are +automatically enclosed in double brackets, and you will be asked for +the optional descriptive text.}. This prompts for a link to be inserted into +the buffer. You can just type a link, using text for an internal +link, or one of the link type prefixes mentioned in the examples +above. The link is inserted into the buffer, along with +a descriptive text@footnote{After insertion of a stored link, the link will be removed +from the list of stored links. To keep it in the list for later use, +use a triple @kbd{C-u} prefix argument to @kbd{C-c C-l}, or +configure the option @code{org-link-keep-stored-after-insertion}.}. If some text was selected at this time, +it becomes the default description. + +@table @asis +@item @emph{Inserting stored links} +All links stored during the current session are part of the +history for this prompt, so you can access them with @kbd{@key{UP}} +and @kbd{@key{DOWN}} (or @kbd{M-p}, @kbd{M-n}). + +@item @emph{Completion support} +Completion with @kbd{@key{TAB}} helps you to insert valid link +prefixes like @samp{http} or @samp{ftp}, including the prefixes defined +through link abbreviations (see @ref{Link Abbreviations}). If you +press @kbd{@key{RET}} after inserting only the prefix, Org offers +specific completion support for some link types@footnote{This works if a function has been defined in the @code{:complete} +property of a link in @code{org-link-parameters}.}. For +example, if you type @kbd{f i l e @key{RET}}---alternative access: +@kbd{C-u C-c C-l}, see below---Org offers file name +completion, and after @kbd{b b d b @key{RET}} you can complete +contact names. +@end table + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-l} +@cindex file name completion +@cindex completion, of file names +@kindex C-u C-c C-l +When @kbd{C-c C-l} is called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix +argument, insert a link to a file. You may use file name completion +to select the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted +relative to the directory of the current Org file, if the linked +file is in the current directory or in a sub-directory of it, or if +the path is written relative to the current directory using @samp{../}. +Otherwise an absolute path is used, if possible with @samp{~/} for your +home directory. You can force an absolute path with two +@kbd{C-u} prefixes. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-l} (with point on existing link) +@cindex following links +When point is on an existing link, @kbd{C-c C-l} allows you to +edit the link and description parts of the link. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{org-open-at-point}) +@kindex C-c C-o +@findex org-open-at-point +@vindex org-file-apps +Open link at point. This launches a web browser for URL (using +@code{browse-url-at-point}), run VM/MH-E/Wanderlust/Rmail/Gnus/BBDB for +the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link. +When point is on an internal link, this command runs the +corresponding search. When point is on the tags part of a headline, +it creates the corresponding tags view (see @ref{Matching tags and properties}). If point is on a timestamp, it compiles the agenda for +that date. Furthermore, it visits text and remote files in @samp{file} +links with Emacs and select a suitable application for local +non-text files. Classification of files is based on file extension +only. See option @code{org-file-apps}. If you want to override the +default application and visit the file with Emacs, use +a @kbd{C-u} prefix. If you want to avoid opening in Emacs, use +a @kbd{C-u C-u} prefix. + +@vindex org-link-frame-setup +If point is on a headline, but not on a link, offer all links in the +headline and entry text. If you want to setup the frame +configuration for following links, customize @code{org-link-frame-setup}. + +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} +@vindex org-return-follows-link +@kindex RET +When @code{org-return-follows-link} is set, @kbd{@key{RET}} also follows +the link at point. + +@item @kbd{mouse-2} or @kbd{mouse-1} +@kindex mouse-2 +@kindex mouse-1 +On links, @kbd{mouse-1} and @kbd{mouse-2} opens the link +just as @kbd{C-c C-o} does. + +@item @kbd{mouse-3} +@vindex org-link-use-indirect-buffer-for-internals +@kindex mouse-3 +Like @kbd{mouse-2}, but force file links to be opened with +Emacs, and internal links to be displayed in another window@footnote{See the variable @code{org-link-use-indirect-buffer-for-internals}.}. + +@item @kbd{C-c %} (@code{org-mark-ring-push}) +@kindex C-c % +@findex org-mark-ring-push +@cindex mark ring +Push the current position onto the Org mark ring, to be able to +return easily. Commands following an internal link do this +automatically. + +@item @kbd{C-c &} (@code{org-mark-ring-goto}) +@kindex C-c & +@findex org-mark-ring-goto +@cindex links, returning to +Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the +commands following internal links, and by @kbd{C-c %}. Using +this command several times in direct succession moves through a ring +of previously recorded positions. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-n} (@code{org-next-link}) +@itemx @kbd{C-c C-x C-p} (@code{org-previous-link}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-p +@findex org-previous-link +@kindex C-c C-x C-n +@findex org-next-link +@cindex links, finding next/previous +Move forward/backward to the next link in the buffer. At the limit +of the buffer, the search fails once, and then wraps around. The +key bindings for this are really too long; you might want to bind +this also to @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p}. + +@lisp +(with-eval-after-load 'org + (define-key org-mode-map (kbd "M-n") #'org-next-link) + (define-key org-mode-map (kbd "M-p") #'org-previous-link)) +@end lisp +@end table + +@node Using Links Outside Org +@section Using Links Outside Org + +@findex org-insert-link-global +@findex org-open-at-point-global +You can insert and follow links that have Org syntax not only in Org, +but in any Emacs buffer. For this, Org provides two functions: +@code{org-insert-link-global} and @code{org-open-at-point-global}. + +You might want to bind them to globally available keys. See +@ref{Activation} for some advice. + +@node Link Abbreviations +@section Link Abbreviations + +@cindex link abbreviations +@cindex abbreviation, links + +Long URL can be cumbersome to type, and often many similar links are +needed in a document. For this you can use link abbreviations. An +abbreviated link looks like this + +@example +[[linkword:tag][description]] +@end example + + +@noindent +@vindex org-link-abbrev-alist +where the tag is optional. The @emph{linkword} must be a word, starting +with a letter, followed by letters, numbers, @samp{-}, and @samp{_}. +Abbreviations are resolved according to the information in the +variable @code{org-link-abbrev-alist} that relates the linkwords to +replacement text. Here is an example: + +@lisp +(setq org-link-abbrev-alist + '(("bugzilla" . "http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=") + ("Nu Html Checker" . "https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=%h") + ("duckduckgo" . "https://duckduckgo.com/?q=%s") + ("omap" . "http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=%s&polygon=1") + ("ads" . "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=%20author%3A\"%s\""))) +@end lisp + +If the replacement text contains the string @samp{%s}, it is replaced with +the tag. Using @samp{%h} instead of @samp{%s} percent-encodes the tag (see the +example above, where we need to encode the URL parameter). Using +@samp{%(my-function)} passes the tag to a custom Lisp function, and replace +it by the resulting string. + +If the replacement text do not contain any specifier, it is simply +appended to the string in order to create the link. + +Instead of a string, you may also specify a Lisp function to create +the link. Such a function will be called with the tag as the only +argument. + +With the above setting, you could link to a specific bug with +@samp{[[bugzilla:129]]}, search the web for @samp{OrgMode} with @samp{[[duckduckgo:OrgMode]]}, +show the map location of the Free Software Foundation @samp{[[gmap:51 +Franklin Street, Boston]]} or of Carsten office @samp{[[omap:Science Park 904, +Amsterdam, The Netherlands]]} and find out what the Org author is doing +besides Emacs hacking with @samp{[[ads:Dominik,C]]}. + +If you need special abbreviations just for a single Org buffer, you +can define them in the file with + +@cindex @samp{LINK}, keyword +@example +#+LINK: bugzilla http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id= +#+LINK: duckduckgo https://duckduckgo.com/?q=%s +@end example + +In-buffer completion (see @ref{Completion}) can be used after @samp{[} to +complete link abbreviations. You may also define a Lisp function that +implements special (e.g., completion) support for inserting such a +link with @kbd{C-c C-l}. Such a function should not accept any +arguments, and should return the full link with a prefix. You can set +the link completion function like this: + +@lisp +(org-link-set-parameter "type" :complete #'some-completion-function) +@end lisp + +@node Search Options +@section Search Options in File Links + +@cindex search option in file links +@cindex file links, searching +@cindex attachment links, searching + +File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a +particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a +line number or a search option after a double colon@footnote{For backward compatibility, line numbers can also follow a +single colon.}. For +example, when the command @code{org-store-link} creates a link (see +@ref{Handling Links}) to a file, it encodes the words in the current line +as a search string that can be used to find this line back later when +following the link with @kbd{C-c C-o}. + +Note that all search options apply for Attachment links in the same +way that they apply for File links. + +Here is the syntax of the different ways to attach a search to a file +link, together with explanations for each: + +@example +[[file:~/code/main.c::255]] +[[file:~/xx.org::My Target]] +[[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]] +[[file:~/xx.org::#my-custom-id]] +[[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]] +[[attachment:main.c::255]] +@end example + +@table @asis +@item @samp{255} +Jump to line 255. + +@item @samp{My Target} +Search for a link target @samp{<>}, or do a text search for +@samp{my target}, similar to the search in internal links, see @ref{Internal Links}. In HTML export (see @ref{HTML Export}), such a file link becomes +a HTML reference to the corresponding named anchor in the linked +file. + +@item @samp{*My Target} +In an Org file, restrict search to headlines. + +@item @samp{#my-custom-id} +Link to a heading with a @samp{CUSTOM_ID} property + +@item @samp{/REGEXP/} +Do a regular expression search for @var{REGEXP} (see @ref{Regular Expressions}). This uses the Emacs command @code{occur} to list all +matches in a separate window. If the target file is in Org mode, +@code{org-occur} is used to create a sparse tree with the matches. +@end table + +As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used +to search the current file. For example, @samp{[[file:::find me]]} does +a search for @samp{find me} in the current file, just as @samp{[[find me]]} +would. + +@node Custom Searches +@section Custom Searches + +@cindex custom search strings +@cindex search strings, custom + +The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the +actual search related to a file link may not work correctly in all +cases. For example, Bib@TeX{} database files have many entries like +@code{year="1993"} which would not result in good search strings, because +the only unique identification for a Bib@TeX{} entry is the citation key. + +@vindex org-create-file-search-functions +@vindex org-execute-file-search-functions +If you come across such a problem, you can write custom functions to +set the right search string for a particular file type, and to do the +search for the string in the file. Using @code{add-hook}, these functions +need to be added to the hook variables +@code{org-create-file-search-functions} and +@code{org-execute-file-search-functions}. See the docstring for these +variables for more information. Org actually uses this mechanism for +Bib@TeX{} database files, and you can use the corresponding code as an +implementation example. See the file @samp{ol-bibtex.el}. + +@node TODO Items +@chapter TODO Items + +@cindex TODO items + +Org mode does not maintain TODO lists as separate documents@footnote{Of course, you can make a document that contains only long +lists of TODO items, but this is not required.}. +Instead, TODO items are an integral part of the notes file, because +TODO items usually come up while taking notes! With Org mode, simply +mark any entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, +information is not duplicated, and the entire context from which the +TODO item emerged is always present. + +Of course, this technique for managing TODO items scatters them +throughout your notes file. Org mode compensates for this by +providing methods to give you an overview of all the things that you +have to do. + +@menu +* TODO Basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries. +* TODO Extensions:: Workflow and assignments. +* Progress Logging:: Dates and notes for progress. +* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others. +* Breaking Down Tasks:: Splitting a task into manageable pieces. +* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists. +@end menu + +@node TODO Basics +@section Basic TODO Functionality + +Any headline becomes a TODO item when it starts with the word @samp{TODO}, +for example: + +@example +*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune +@end example + + +The most important commands to work with TODO entries are: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-t} (@code{org-todo}) +@kindex C-c C-t +@cindex cycling, of TODO states +Rotate the TODO state of the current item among + +@example +,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --. +'--------------------------------' +@end example + +If TODO keywords have fast access keys (see @ref{Fast access to TODO states}), prompt for a TODO keyword through the fast selection +interface; this is the default behavior when +@code{org-use-fast-todo-selection} is non-@code{nil}. + +The same state changing can also be done ``remotely'' from the agenda +buffer with the @kbd{t} command key (see @ref{Agenda Commands}). + +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@kindex S-RIGHT +@kindex S-LEFT +@vindex org-treat-S-cursor-todo-selection-as-state-change +Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling. +Useful mostly if more than two TODO states are possible (see +@ref{TODO Extensions}). See also @ref{Conflicts}, for a discussion of the interaction with +shift-selection. See also the variable +@code{org-treat-S-cursor-todo-selection-as-state-change}. + +@item @kbd{C-c / t} (@code{org-show-todo-tree}) +@kindex C-c / t +@cindex sparse tree, for TODO +@vindex org-todo-keywords +@findex org-show-todo-tree +View TODO items in a @emph{sparse tree} (see @ref{Sparse Trees}). Folds the +entire buffer, but shows all TODO items---with not-DONE state---and +the headings hierarchy above them. With a prefix argument, or by +using @kbd{C-c / T}, search for a specific TODO@. You are +prompted for the keyword, and you can also give a list of keywords +like @samp{KWD1|KWD2|...} to list entries that match any one of these +keywords. With a numeric prefix argument N, show the tree for the +Nth keyword in the variable @code{org-todo-keywords}. With two prefix +arguments, find all TODO states, both un-done and done. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda t} (@code{org-todo-list}) +@kindex t @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +Show the global TODO list. Collects the TODO items (with not-DONE +states) from all agenda files (see @ref{Agenda Views}) into a single +buffer. The new buffer is in Org Agenda mode, which provides +commands to examine and manipulate the TODO entries from the new +buffer (see @ref{Agenda Commands}). See @ref{Global TODO list}, for more information. + +@item @kbd{S-M-@key{RET}} (@code{org-insert-todo-heading}) +@kindex S-M-RET +@findex org-insert-todo-heading +Insert a new TODO entry below the current one. +@end table + +@vindex org-todo-state-tags-triggers +Changing a TODO state can also trigger tag changes. See the docstring +of the option @code{org-todo-state-tags-triggers} for details. + +@node TODO Extensions +@section Extended Use of TODO Keywords + +@cindex extended TODO keywords + +@vindex org-todo-keywords +By default, marked TODO entries have one of only two states: TODO and +DONE@. Org mode allows you to classify TODO items in more complex ways +with @emph{TODO keywords} (stored in @code{org-todo-keywords}). With special +setup, the TODO keyword system can work differently in different +files. + +Note that @emph{tags} are another way to classify headlines in general and +TODO items in particular (see @ref{Tags}). + +@menu +* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps. +* TODO types:: I do this, Fred does the rest. +* Multiple sets in one file:: Mixing it all, still finding your way. +* Fast access to TODO states:: Single letter selection of state. +* Per-file keywords:: Different files, different requirements. +* Faces for TODO keywords:: Highlighting states. +* TODO dependencies:: When one task needs to wait for others. +@end menu + +@node Workflow states +@subsection TODO keywords as workflow states + +@cindex TODO workflow +@cindex workflow states as TODO keywords + +You can use TODO keywords to indicate different, possibly @emph{sequential} +states in the process of working on an item, for example@footnote{Changing the variable @code{org-todo-keywords} only becomes +effective after restarting Org mode in a buffer.}: + +@lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "|" "DONE" "DELEGATED"))) +@end lisp + +The vertical bar separates the TODO keywords (states that @emph{need +action}) from the DONE states (which need @emph{no further action}). If +you do not provide the separator bar, the last state is used as the +DONE state. + +@cindex completion, of TODO keywords +With this setup, the command @kbd{C-c C-t} cycles an entry from +@samp{TODO} to @samp{FEEDBACK}, then to @samp{VERIFY}, and finally to @samp{DONE} and +@samp{DELEGATED}. You may also use a numeric prefix argument to quickly +select a specific state. For example @kbd{C-3 C-c C-t} changes +the state immediately to @samp{VERIFY}. Or you can use @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +and @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} to go forward and backward through the states. +If you define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see +@ref{Completion}) or a special one-key selection scheme (see @ref{Fast access to TODO states}) to insert these words into the buffer. +Changing a TODO state can be logged with a timestamp, see @ref{Tracking TODO state changes}, for more information. + +@node TODO types +@subsection TODO keywords as types + +@cindex TODO types +@cindex names as TODO keywords +@cindex types as TODO keywords + +The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different +@emph{types} of action items. For example, you might want to indicate that +items are for ``work'' or ``home''. Or, when you work with several people +on a single project, you might want to assign action items directly to +persons, by using their names as TODO keywords. This type of +functionality is actually much better served by using tags (see +@ref{Tags}), so the TODO implementation is kept just for backward +compatibility. + +Using TODO types, it would be set up like this: + +@lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords '((type "Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "|" "DONE"))) +@end lisp + +In this case, different keywords do not indicate states, but +rather different types. So the normal work flow would be to assign +a task to a person, and later to mark it DONE@. Org mode supports this +style by adapting the workings of the command @kbd{C-c C-t}@footnote{This is also true for the @kbd{t} command in the agenda +buffer.}. When used several times in succession, it still +cycles through all names, in order to first select the right type for +a task. But when you return to the item after some time and execute +@kbd{C-c C-t} again, it will switch from any name directly to +@samp{DONE}. Use prefix arguments or completion to quickly select +a specific name. You can also review the items of a specific TODO +type in a sparse tree by using a numeric prefix to @kbd{C-c / t}. +For example, to see all things Lucy has to do, you would use +@kbd{C-3 C-c / t}. To collect Lucy's items from all agenda files +into a single buffer, you would use the numeric prefix argument as +well when creating the global TODO list: @kbd{C-3 M-x org-agenda t}. + +@node Multiple sets in one file +@subsection Multiple keyword sets in one file + +@cindex TODO keyword sets + +Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in +parallel. For example, you may want to have the basic TODO/DONE, but +also a workflow for bug fixing, and a separate state indicating that +an item has been canceled---so it is not DONE, but also does not +require action. Your setup would then look like this: + +@lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO" "|" "DONE") + (sequence "REPORT" "BUG" "KNOWNCAUSE" "|" "FIXED") + (sequence "|" "CANCELED"))) +@end lisp + +The keywords should all be different, this helps Org mode keep track +of which subsequence should be used for a given entry. In this setup, +@kbd{C-c C-t} only operates within a sub-sequence, so it switches +from @samp{DONE} to (nothing) to @samp{TODO}, and from @samp{FIXED} to (nothing) to +@samp{REPORT}. Therefore you need a mechanism to initially select the +correct sequence. In addition to typing a keyword or using completion +(see @ref{Completion}), you may also apply the following commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-t} +@itemx @kbd{C-S-@key{RIGHT}} +@itemx @kbd{C-S-@key{LEFT}} +@kindex C-S-RIGHT +@kindex C-S-LEFT +@kindex C-u C-u C-c C-t +These keys jump from one TODO sub-sequence to the next. In the +above example, @kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-t} or @kbd{C-S-@key{RIGHT}} +would jump from @samp{TODO} or @samp{DONE} to @samp{REPORT}, and any of the words +in the second row to @samp{CANCELED}. Note that the @kbd{C-S-} key +binding conflict with shift-selection (see @ref{Conflicts}). + +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@kindex S-RIGHT +@kindex S-LEFT +@kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} and @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} walk through @emph{all} keywords +from all sub-sequences, so for example @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} would +switch from @samp{DONE} to @samp{REPORT} in the example above. For +a discussion of the interaction with shift-selection, see @ref{Conflicts}. +@end table + +@node Fast access to TODO states +@subsection Fast access to TODO states + +If you would like to quickly change an entry to an arbitrary TODO +state instead of cycling through the states, you can set up keys for +single-letter access to the states. This is done by adding the +selection character after each keyword, in parentheses@footnote{All characters are allowed except @samp{@@}, @samp{^} and @samp{!}, which have +a special meaning here.}. For +example: + +@lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(d)") + (sequence "REPORT(r)" "BUG(b)" "KNOWNCAUSE(k)" "|" "FIXED(f)") + (sequence "|" "CANCELED(c)"))) +@end lisp + +@vindex org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo +If you then press @kbd{C-c C-t} followed by the selection key, +the entry is switched to this state. @kbd{@key{SPC}} can be used to +remove any TODO keyword from an entry@footnote{Check also the variable @code{org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo}, +it allows you to change the TODO state through the tags interface (see +@ref{Setting Tags}), in case you like to mingle the two concepts. Note +that this means you need to come up with unique keys across both sets +of keywords.}. + +@node Per-file keywords +@subsection Setting up keywords for individual files + +@cindex keyword options +@cindex per-file keywords +@cindex @samp{TODO}, keyword +@cindex @samp{TYP_TODO}, keyword +@cindex @samp{SEQ_TODO}, keyword + +It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism +in different files. For file-local settings, you need to add special +lines to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that +file only. For example, to set one of the two examples discussed +above, you need one of the following lines, starting in column zero +anywhere in the file: + +@example +#+TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY | DONE CANCELED +@end example + + +You may also write @samp{#+SEQ_TODO} to be explicit about the +interpretation, but it means the same as @samp{#+TODO}, or + +@example +#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike | DONE +@end example + + +A setup for using several sets in parallel would be: + +@example +#+TODO: TODO(t) | DONE(d) +#+TODO: REPORT(r) BUG(b) KNOWNCAUSE(k) | FIXED(f) +#+TODO: | CANCELED(c) +@end example + +@cindex completion, of option keywords +@kindex M-TAB +To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type @samp{#+} into the +buffer and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to complete it (see @ref{Completion}). + +@cindex DONE, final TODO keyword +Remember that the keywords after the vertical bar---or the last +keyword if no bar is there---must always mean that the item is DONE, +although you may use a different word. After changing one of these +lines, use @kbd{C-c C-c} with point still in the line to make the +changes known to Org mode@footnote{Org mode parses these lines only when Org mode is activated +after visiting a file. @kbd{C-c C-c} with point in a line +starting with @samp{#+} is simply restarting Org mode for the current +buffer.}. + +@node Faces for TODO keywords +@subsection Faces for TODO keywords + +@cindex faces, for TODO keywords + +@vindex org-todo, face +@vindex org-done, face +@vindex org-todo-keyword-faces +Org mode highlights TODO keywords with special faces: @code{org-todo} for +keywords indicating that an item still has to be acted upon, and +@code{org-done} for keywords indicating that an item is finished. If you +are using more than two different states, you might want to use +special faces for some of them. This can be done using the variable +@code{org-todo-keyword-faces}. For example: + +@lisp +(setq org-todo-keyword-faces + '(("TODO" . org-warning) ("STARTED" . "yellow") + ("CANCELED" . (:foreground "blue" :weight bold)))) +@end lisp + +@vindex org-faces-easy-properties +While using a list with face properties as shown for @samp{CANCELED} +@emph{should} work, this does not always seem to be the case. If +necessary, define a special face and use that. A string is +interpreted as a color. The variable @code{org-faces-easy-properties} +determines if that color is interpreted as a foreground or +a background color. + +@node TODO dependencies +@subsection TODO dependencies + +@cindex TODO dependencies +@cindex dependencies, of TODO states + +@vindex org-enforce-todo-dependencies +@cindex @samp{ORDERED}, property +The structure of Org files---hierarchy and lists---makes it easy to +define TODO dependencies. Usually, a parent TODO task should not be +marked as done until all TODO subtasks, or children tasks, are marked +as done. Sometimes there is a logical sequence to (sub)tasks, so that +one subtask cannot be acted upon before all siblings above it have +been marked as done. If you customize the variable +@code{org-enforce-todo-dependencies}, Org blocks entries from changing +state to DONE while they have TODO children that are not DONE@. +Furthermore, if an entry has a property @samp{ORDERED}, each of its TODO +children is blocked until all earlier siblings are marked as done. +Here is an example: + +@example +* TODO Blocked until (two) is done +** DONE one +** TODO two + +* Parent +:PROPERTIES: +:ORDERED: t +:END: +** TODO a +** TODO b, needs to wait for (a) +** TODO c, needs to wait for (a) and (b) +@end example + +@cindex TODO dependencies, @samp{NOBLOCKING} +@cindex @samp{NOBLOCKING}, property +You can ensure an entry is never blocked by using the @samp{NOBLOCKING} +property (see @ref{Properties and Columns}): + +@example +* This entry is never blocked +:PROPERTIES: +:NOBLOCKING: t +:END: +@end example + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x o} (@code{org-toggle-ordered-property}) +@kindex C-c C-x o +@findex org-toggle-ordered-property +@vindex org-track-ordered-property-with-tag +Toggle the @samp{ORDERED} property of the current entry. A property is +used for this behavior because this should be local to the current +entry, not inherited from entries above like a tag (see @ref{Tags}). +However, if you would like to @emph{track} the value of this property +with a tag for better visibility, customize the variable +@code{org-track-ordered-property-with-tag}. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-u C-c C-t} +@kindex C-u C-u C-u C-u C-c C-t +Change TODO state, regardless of any state blocking. +@end table + +@vindex org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks +If you set the variable @code{org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks}, TODO entries +that cannot be marked as done because of unmarked children are shown +in a dimmed font or even made invisible in agenda views (see @ref{Agenda Views}). + +@cindex checkboxes and TODO dependencies +@vindex org-enforce-todo-dependencies +You can also block changes of TODO states by using checkboxes (see +@ref{Checkboxes}). If you set the variable +@code{org-enforce-todo-checkbox-dependencies}, an entry that has unchecked +checkboxes is blocked from switching to DONE@. + +If you need more complex dependency structures, for example +dependencies between entries in different trees or files, check out +the module @samp{org-depend.el} in the @samp{org-contrib} repository. + +@node Progress Logging +@section Progress Logging + +@cindex progress logging +@cindex logging, of progress + +To record a timestamp and a note when changing a TODO state, call the +command @code{org-todo} with a prefix argument. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-t} (@code{org-todo}) +@kindex C-u C-c C-t +Prompt for a note and record a the time of the TODO state change. +The note is inserted as a list item below the headline, but can also +be placed into a drawer, see @ref{Tracking TODO state changes}. +@end table + +If you want to be more systematic, Org mode can automatically record a +timestamp and optionally a note when you mark a TODO item as DONE, or +even each time you change the state of a TODO item. This system is +highly configurable, settings can be on a per-keyword basis and can be +localized to a file or even a subtree. For information on how to +clock working time for a task, see @ref{Clocking Work Time}. + +@menu +* Closing items:: When was this entry marked as done? +* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change? +* Tracking your habits:: How consistent have you been? +@end menu + +@node Closing items +@subsection Closing items + +The most basic automatic logging is to keep track of @emph{when} a certain +TODO item was marked as done. This can be achieved with@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is: @samp{#+STARTUP: logdone}.} + +@lisp +(setq org-log-done 'time) +@end lisp + +@vindex org-closed-keep-when-no-todo +@noindent +Then each time you turn an entry from a TODO (not-done) state into any +of the DONE states, a line @samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} is inserted just +after the headline. If you turn the entry back into a TODO item +through further state cycling, that line is removed again. If you +turn the entry back to a non-TODO state (by pressing @kbd{C-c C-t @key{SPC}} for example), that line is also removed, unless you set +@code{org-closed-keep-when-no-todo} to non-@code{nil}. If you want to record +a note along with the timestamp, use@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is: @samp{#+STARTUP: +lognotedone}.} + +@lisp +(setq org-log-done 'note) +@end lisp + +@noindent +You are then prompted for a note, and that note is stored below the +entry with a @samp{Closing Note} heading. + +@node Tracking TODO state changes +@subsection Tracking TODO state changes + +@cindex drawer, for state change recording + +@vindex org-log-states-order-reversed +@vindex org-log-into-drawer +@cindex @samp{LOG_INTO_DRAWER}, property +You might want to automatically keep track of when a state change +occurred and maybe take a note about this change. You can either +record just a timestamp, or a time-stamped note. These records are +inserted after the headline as an itemized list, newest first@footnote{See the variable @code{org-log-states-order-reversed}.}. +When taking a lot of notes, you might want to get the notes out of the +way into a drawer (see @ref{Drawers}). Customize the variable +@code{org-log-into-drawer} to get this behavior---the recommended drawer +for this is called @samp{LOGBOOK}@footnote{Note that the @samp{LOGBOOK} drawer is unfolded when pressing +@kbd{@key{SPC}} in the agenda to show an entry---use @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} to keep it folded here.}. You can also overrule the +setting of this variable for a subtree by setting a @samp{LOG_INTO_DRAWER} +property. + +Since it is normally too much to record a note for every state, Org +mode expects configuration on a per-keyword basis for this. This is +achieved by adding special markers @samp{!} (for a timestamp) or @samp{@@} (for +a note with timestamp) in parentheses after each keyword. For +example, with the setting + +@lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO(t)" "WAIT(w@@/!)" "|" "DONE(d!)" "CANCELED(c@@)"))) +@end lisp + +@vindex org-log-done +You not only define global TODO keywords and fast access keys, but +also request that a time is recorded when the entry is set to @samp{DONE}, +and that a note is recorded when switching to @samp{WAIT} or +@samp{CANCELED}@footnote{It is possible that Org mode records two timestamps when you +are using both @code{org-log-done} and state change logging. However, it +never prompts for two notes: if you have configured both, the state +change recording note takes precedence and cancel the closing note.}. The setting for @samp{WAIT} is even more special: the +@samp{!} after the slash means that in addition to the note taken when +entering the state, a timestamp should be recorded when @emph{leaving} the +@samp{WAIT} state, if and only if the @emph{target} state does not configure +logging for entering it. So it has no effect when switching from +@samp{WAIT} to @samp{DONE}, because @samp{DONE} is configured to record a timestamp +only. But when switching from @samp{WAIT} back to @samp{TODO}, the @samp{/!} in the +@samp{WAIT} setting now triggers a timestamp even though @samp{TODO} has no +logging configured. + +You can use the exact same syntax for setting logging preferences local +to a buffer: + +@example +#+TODO: TODO(t) WAIT(w@@/!) | DONE(d!) CANCELED(c@@) +@end example + + +To record a timestamp without a note for TODO keywords configured with +@samp{@@}, just type @kbd{C-c C-c} to enter a blank note when prompted. + +@cindex @samp{LOGGING}, property +In order to define logging settings that are local to a subtree or +a single item, define a @samp{LOGGING} property in this entry. Any +non-empty @samp{LOGGING} property resets all logging settings to @code{nil}. +You may then turn on logging for this specific tree using @samp{STARTUP} +keywords like @samp{lognotedone} or @samp{logrepeat}, as well as adding state +specific settings like @samp{TODO(!)}. For example: + +@example +* TODO Log each state with only a time + :PROPERTIES: + :LOGGING: TODO(!) WAIT(!) DONE(!) CANCELED(!) + :END: +* TODO Only log when switching to WAIT, and when repeating + :PROPERTIES: + :LOGGING: WAIT(@@) logrepeat + :END: +* TODO No logging at all + :PROPERTIES: + :LOGGING: nil + :END: +@end example + +@node Tracking your habits +@subsection Tracking your habits + +@cindex habits +@cindex @samp{STYLE}, property + +Org has the ability to track the consistency of a special category of +TODO, called ``habits.'' To use habits, you have to enable the @code{habits} +module by customizing the variable @code{org-modules}. + +A habit has the following properties: + +@enumerate +@item +The habit is a TODO item, with a TODO keyword representing an open +state. + +@item +The property @samp{STYLE} is set to the value @samp{habit} (see @ref{Properties and Columns}). + +@item +The TODO has a scheduled date, usually with a @samp{.+} style repeat +interval. A @samp{++} style may be appropriate for habits with time +constraints, e.g., must be done on weekends, or a @samp{+} style for an +unusual habit that can have a backlog, e.g., weekly reports. + +@item +The TODO may also have minimum and maximum ranges specified by +using the syntax @samp{.+2d/3d}, which says that you want to do the task +at least every three days, but at most every two days. + +@item +State logging for the DONE state is enabled (see @ref{Tracking TODO state changes}), in order for historical data to be represented in +the consistency graph. If it is not enabled it is not an error, +but the consistency graphs are largely meaningless. +@end enumerate + +To give you an idea of what the above rules look like in action, here's an +actual habit with some history: + +@example +** TODO Shave + SCHEDULED: <2009-10-17 Sat .+2d/4d> + :PROPERTIES: + :STYLE: habit + :LAST_REPEAT: [2009-10-19 Mon 00:36] + :END: + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-15 Thu] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-12 Mon] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-10 Sat] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-04 Sun] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-02 Fri] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-29 Tue] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-25 Fri] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-19 Sat] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-16 Wed] + - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-12 Sat] +@end example + +What this habit says is: I want to shave at most every 2 days---given +by the @samp{SCHEDULED} date and repeat interval---and at least every +4 days. If today is the 15th, then the habit first appears in the +agenda (see @ref{Agenda Views}) on Oct 17, after the minimum of 2 days has +elapsed, and will appear overdue on Oct 19, after four days have +elapsed. + +What's really useful about habits is that they are displayed along +with a consistency graph, to show how consistent you've been at +getting that task done in the past. This graph shows every day that +the task was done over the past three weeks, with colors for each day. +The colors used are: + +@table @asis +@item Blue +If the task was not to be done yet on that day. +@item Green +If the task could have been done on that day. +@item Yellow +If the task was going to be overdue the next day. +@item Red +If the task was overdue on that day. +@end table + +In addition to coloring each day, the day is also marked with an +asterisk if the task was actually done that day, and an exclamation +mark to show where the current day falls in the graph. + +There are several configuration variables that can be used to change +the way habits are displayed in the agenda. + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-habit-graph-column} +@vindex org-habit-graph-column +The buffer column at which the consistency graph should be drawn. +This overwrites any text in that column, so it is a good idea to +keep your habits' titles brief and to the point. + +@item @code{org-habit-preceding-days} +@vindex org-habit-preceding-days +The amount of history, in days before today, to appear in +consistency graphs. + +@item @code{org-habit-following-days} +@vindex org-habit-following-days +The number of days after today that appear in consistency graphs. + +@item @code{org-habit-show-habits-only-for-today} +@vindex org-habit-show-habits-only-for-today +If non-@code{nil}, only show habits in today's agenda view. The default +value is @code{t}. Pressing @kbd{C-u K} in the agenda toggles this +variable. +@end table + +Lastly, pressing @kbd{K} in the agenda buffer causes habits to +temporarily be disabled and do not appear at all. Press @kbd{K} +again to bring them back. They are also subject to tag filtering, if +you have habits which should only be done in certain contexts, for +example. + +@node Priorities +@section Priorities + +@cindex priorities +@cindex priority cookie + +If you use Org mode extensively, you may end up with enough TODO items +that it starts to make sense to prioritize them. Prioritizing can be +done by placing a @emph{priority cookie} into the headline of a TODO item +right after the TODO keyword, like this: + +@example +*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune +@end example + + +@vindex org-priority-faces +By default, Org mode supports three priorities: @samp{A}, @samp{B}, and @samp{C}. +@samp{A} is the highest priority. An entry without a cookie is treated as +equivalent if it had priority @samp{B}. Priorities make a difference only +for sorting in the agenda (see @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}). Outside the +agenda, they have no inherent meaning to Org mode. The cookies are +displayed with the face defined by the variable @code{org-priority-faces}, +which can be customized. + +You can also use numeric values for priorities, such as + +@example +*** TODO [#1] Write letter to Sam Fortune +@end example + + +When using numeric priorities, you need to set @code{org-priority-highest}, +@code{org-priority-lowest} and @code{org-priority-default} to integers, which +must all be strictly inferior to 65. + +Priorities can be attached to any outline node; they do not need to be +TODO items. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c ,} (@code{org-priority}) +@kindex C-c , +@findex org-priority +Set the priority of the current headline. The command prompts for +a priority character @samp{A}, @samp{B} or @samp{C}. When you press @kbd{@key{SPC}} +instead, the priority cookie, if one is set, is removed from the +headline. The priorities can also be changed ``remotely'' from the +agenda buffer with the @kbd{,} command (see @ref{Agenda Commands}). + +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} (@code{org-priority-up}) +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-priority-down}) +@kindex S-UP +@kindex S-DOWN +@findex org-priority-up +@findex org-priority-down +@vindex org-priority-start-cycle-with-default +Increase/decrease the priority of the current headline@footnote{See also the option @code{org-priority-start-cycle-with-default}.}. Note +that these keys are also used to modify timestamps (see @ref{Creating Timestamps}). See also @ref{Conflicts}, for +a discussion of the interaction with shift-selection. +@end table + +@vindex org-priority-highest +@vindex org-priority-lowest +@vindex org-priority-default +You can change the range of allowed priorities by setting the +variables @code{org-priority-highest}, @code{org-priority-lowest}, and +@code{org-priority-default}. For an individual buffer, you may set these +values (highest, lowest, default) like this (please make sure that the +highest priority is earlier in the alphabet than the lowest priority): + +@cindex @samp{PRIORITIES}, keyword +@example +#+PRIORITIES: A C B +@end example + + +Or, using numeric values: + +@example +#+PRIORITIES: 1 10 5 +@end example + +@node Breaking Down Tasks +@section Breaking Down Tasks into Subtasks + +@cindex tasks, breaking down +@cindex statistics, for TODO items + +@vindex org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels +It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, +manageable subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree +below a TODO item, with detailed subtasks on the tree@footnote{To keep subtasks out of the global TODO list, see the option +@code{org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels}.}. To keep +an overview of the fraction of subtasks that have already been marked +as done, insert either @samp{[/]} or @samp{[%]} anywhere in the headline. These +cookies are updated each time the TODO status of a child changes, or +when pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} on the cookie. For example: + +@example +* Organize Party [33%] +** TODO Call people [1/2] +*** TODO Peter +*** DONE Sarah +** TODO Buy food +** DONE Talk to neighbor +@end example + +@cindex @samp{COOKIE_DATA}, property +If a heading has both checkboxes and TODO children below it, the +meaning of the statistics cookie become ambiguous. Set the property +@samp{COOKIE_DATA} to either @samp{checkbox} or @samp{todo} to resolve this issue. + +@vindex org-hierarchical-todo-statistics +If you would like to have the statistics cookie count any TODO entries +in the subtree (not just direct children), configure the variable +@code{org-hierarchical-todo-statistics}. To do this for a single subtree, +include the word @samp{recursive} into the value of the @samp{COOKIE_DATA} +property. + +@example +* Parent capturing statistics [2/20] + :PROPERTIES: + :COOKIE_DATA: todo recursive + :END: +@end example + +If you would like a TODO entry to automatically change to DONE when +all children are done, you can use the following setup: + +@lisp +(defun org-summary-todo (n-done n-not-done) + "Switch entry to DONE when all subentries are done, to TODO otherwise." + (let (org-log-done org-log-states) ; turn off logging + (org-todo (if (= n-not-done 0) "DONE" "TODO")))) + +(add-hook 'org-after-todo-statistics-hook #'org-summary-todo) +@end lisp + +Another possibility is the use of checkboxes to identify (a hierarchy +of) a large number of subtasks (see @ref{Checkboxes}). + +@node Checkboxes +@section Checkboxes + +@cindex checkboxes + +@vindex org-list-automatic-rules +Every item in a plain list@footnote{With the exception of description lists. But you can allow it +by modifying @code{org-list-automatic-rules} accordingly.} (see @ref{Plain Lists}) can be made into +a checkbox by starting it with the string @samp{[ ]}. This feature is +similar to TODO items (see @ref{TODO Items}), but is more lightweight. +Checkboxes are not included into the global TODO list, so they are +often great to split a task into a number of simple steps. Or you can +use them in a shopping list. + +Here is an example of a checkbox list. + +@example +* TODO Organize party [2/4] + - [-] call people [1/3] + - [ ] Peter + - [X] Sarah + - [ ] Sam + - [X] order food + - [ ] think about what music to play + - [X] talk to the neighbors +@end example + +Checkboxes work hierarchically, so if a checkbox item has children +that are checkboxes, toggling one of the children checkboxes makes the +parent checkbox reflect if none, some, or all of the children are +checked. + +@cindex statistics, for checkboxes +@cindex checkbox statistics +@cindex @samp{COOKIE_DATA}, property +@vindex org-hierarchical-checkbox-statistics +The @samp{[2/4]} and @samp{[1/3]} in the first and second line are cookies +indicating how many checkboxes present in this entry have been checked +off, and the total number of checkboxes present. This can give you an +idea on how many checkboxes remain, even without opening a folded +entry. The cookies can be placed into a headline or into (the first +line of) a plain list item. Each cookie covers checkboxes of direct +children structurally below the headline/item on which the cookie +appears@footnote{Set the variable @code{org-hierarchical-checkbox-statistics} if you +want such cookies to count all checkboxes below the cookie, not just +those belonging to direct children.}. You have to insert the cookie yourself by typing +either @samp{[/]} or @samp{[%]}. With @samp{[/]} you get an @samp{n out of m} result, as +in the examples above. With @samp{[%]} you get information about the +percentage of checkboxes checked (in the above example, this would be +@samp{[50%]} and @samp{[33%]}, respectively). In a headline, a cookie can count +either checkboxes below the heading or TODO states of children, and it +displays whatever was changed last. Set the property @samp{COOKIE_DATA} to +either @samp{checkbox} or @samp{todo} to resolve this issue. + +@cindex blocking, of checkboxes +@cindex checkbox blocking +@cindex @samp{ORDERED}, property +If the current outline node has an @samp{ORDERED} property, checkboxes must +be checked off in sequence, and an error is thrown if you try to check +off a box while there are unchecked boxes above it. + +The following commands work with checkboxes: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{org-toggle-checkbox}) +@kindex C-c C-c +@findex org-toggle-checkbox +Toggle checkbox status or---with prefix argument---checkbox presence +at point. With a single prefix argument, add an empty checkbox or +remove the current one@footnote{@kbd{C-u C-c C-c} on the @emph{first} item of a list with no +checkbox adds checkboxes to the rest of the list.}. With a double prefix argument, set +it to @samp{[-]}, which is considered to be an intermediate state. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-b} (@code{org-toggle-checkbox}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-b +Toggle checkbox status or---with prefix argument---checkbox presence +at point. With double prefix argument, set it to @samp{[-]}, which is +considered to be an intermediate state. + +@itemize +@item +If there is an active region, toggle the first checkbox in the +region and set all remaining boxes to the same status as the +first. With a prefix argument, add or remove the checkbox for all +items in the region. + +@item +If point is in a headline, toggle checkboxes in the region between +this headline and the next---so @emph{not} the entire subtree. + +@item +If there is no active region, just toggle the checkbox at point. +@end itemize + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-r} (@code{org-toggle-radio-button}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-r +@findex org-toggle-radio-button +@cindex radio button, checkbox as +Toggle checkbox status by using the checkbox of the item at point as +a radio button: when the checkbox is turned on, all other checkboxes +on the same level will be turned off. With a universal prefix +argument, toggle the presence of the checkbox. With a double prefix +argument, set it to @samp{[-]}. + +@findex org-list-checkbox-radio-mode +@kbd{C-c C-c} can be told to consider checkboxes as radio buttons by +setting @samp{#+ATTR_ORG: :radio t} right before the list or by calling +@kbd{M-x org-list-checkbox-radio-mode} to activate this minor mode. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} (@code{org-insert-todo-heading}) +@kindex M-S-RET +@findex org-insert-todo-heading +Insert a new item with a checkbox. This works only if point is +already in a plain list item (see @ref{Plain Lists}). + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x o} (@code{org-toggle-ordered-property}) +@kindex C-c C-x o +@findex org-toggle-ordered-property +@vindex org-track-ordered-property-with-tag +Toggle the @samp{ORDERED} property of the entry, to toggle if checkboxes +must be checked off in sequence. A property is used for this +behavior because this should be local to the current entry, not +inherited like a tag. However, if you would like to @emph{track} the +value of this property with a tag for better visibility, customize +@code{org-track-ordered-property-with-tag}. + +@item @kbd{C-c #} (@code{org-update-statistics-cookies}) +@kindex C-c # +@findex org-update-statistics-cookies +Update the statistics cookie in the current outline entry. When +called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, update the entire file. +Checkbox statistic cookies are updated automatically if you toggle +checkboxes with @kbd{C-c C-c} and make new ones with +@kbd{M-S-@key{RET}}. TODO statistics cookies update when changing +TODO states. If you delete boxes/entries or add/change them by +hand, use this command to get things back into sync. +@end table + +@node Tags +@chapter Tags + +@cindex tags +@cindex headline tagging +@cindex matching, tags +@cindex sparse tree, tag based + +An excellent way to implement labels and contexts for +cross-correlating information is to assign @emph{tags} to headlines. Org +mode has extensive support for tags. + +@vindex org-tag-faces +Every headline can contain a list of tags; they occur at the end of +the headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, @samp{_}, +and @samp{@@}. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon, e.g., +@samp{:work:}. Several tags can be specified, as in @samp{:work:urgent:}. Tags +by default are in bold face with the same color as the headline. You +may specify special faces for specific tags using the variable +@code{org-tag-faces}, in much the same way as you can for TODO keywords +(see @ref{Faces for TODO keywords}). + +@menu +* Tag Inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of an outline. +* Setting Tags:: How to assign tags to a headline. +* Tag Hierarchy:: Create a hierarchy of tags. +* Tag Searches:: Searching for combinations of tags. +@end menu + +@node Tag Inheritance +@section Tag Inheritance + +@cindex tag inheritance +@cindex inheritance, of tags +@cindex sublevels, inclusion into tags match + +@emph{Tags} make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If +a heading has a certain tag, all subheadings inherit the tag as well. +For example, in the list + +@example +* Meeting with the French group :work: +** Summary by Frank :boss:notes: +*** TODO Prepare slides for him :action: +@end example + +@noindent +the final heading has the tags @samp{work}, @samp{boss}, @samp{notes}, and @samp{action} +even though the final heading is not explicitly marked with those +tags. You can also set tags that all entries in a file should inherit +just as if these tags were defined in a hypothetical level zero that +surrounds the entire file. Use a line like this@footnote{As with all these in-buffer settings, pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} activates any changes in the line.} + +@cindex @samp{FILETAGS}, keyword +@example +#+FILETAGS: :Peter:Boss:Secret: +@end example + + +@vindex org-use-tag-inheritance +@vindex org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance +To limit tag inheritance to specific tags, or to turn it off entirely, +use the variables @code{org-use-tag-inheritance} and +@code{org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance}. + +@vindex org-tags-match-list-sublevels +When a headline matches during a tags search while tag inheritance is +turned on, all the sublevels in the same tree---for a simple match +form---match as well@footnote{This is only true if the search does not involve more complex +tests including properties (see @ref{Property Searches}).}. The list of matches may then become +very long. If you only want to see the first tags match in a subtree, +configure the variable @code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels} (not +recommended). + +@vindex org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance +Tag inheritance is relevant when the agenda search tries to match +a tag, either in the @code{tags} or @code{tags-todo} agenda types. In other +agenda types, @code{org-use-tag-inheritance} has no effect. Still, you may +want to have your tags correctly set in the agenda, so that tag +filtering works fine, with inherited tags. Set +@code{org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance} to control this: the default value +includes all agenda types, but setting this to @code{nil} can really speed +up agenda generation. + +@node Setting Tags +@section Setting Tags + +@cindex setting tags +@cindex tags, setting + +@kindex M-TAB +Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline. +After a colon, @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} offers completion on tags. There is +also a special command for inserting tags: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{org-set-tags-command}) +@kindex C-c C-q +@findex org-set-tags-command +@cindex completion, of tags +@vindex org-tags-column +Enter new tags for the current headline. Org mode either offers +completion or a special single-key interface for setting tags, see +below. After pressing @kbd{@key{RET}}, the tags are inserted and +aligned to @code{org-tags-column}. When called with a @kbd{C-u} +prefix, all tags in the current buffer are aligned to that column, +just to make things look nice. Tags are automatically realigned +after promotion, demotion, and TODO state changes (see @ref{TODO Basics}). + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{org-set-tags-command}) +@kindex C-c C-c +When point is in a headline, this does the same as @kbd{C-c C-q}. +@end table + +@vindex org-complete-tags-always-offer-all-agenda-tags +@vindex org-tag-alist +@cindex @samp{TAGS}, keyword +Org supports tag insertion based on a @emph{list of tags}. By default this +list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags currently used in +the buffer@footnote{To extend this default list to all tags used in all agenda +files (see @ref{Agenda Views}), customize the variable +@code{org-complete-tags-always-offer-all-agenda-tags}.}. You may also globally specify a hard list of tags +with the variable @code{org-tag-alist}. Finally you can set the default +tags for a given file using the @samp{TAGS} keyword, like + +@example +#+TAGS: @@work @@home @@tennisclub +#+TAGS: laptop car pc sailboat +@end example + +If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the +variable @code{org-tag-alist}, but would like to use a dynamic tag list in +a specific file, add an empty @samp{TAGS} keyword to that file: + +@example +#+TAGS: +@end example + + +@vindex org-tag-persistent-alist +If you have a preferred set of tags that you would like to use in +every file, in addition to those defined on a per-file basis by @samp{TAGS} +keyword, then you may specify a list of tags with the variable +@code{org-tag-persistent-alist}. You may turn this off on a per-file basis +by adding a @samp{STARTUP} keyword to that file: + +@example +#+STARTUP: noptag +@end example + + +By default Org mode uses the standard minibuffer completion facilities +for entering tags. However, it also implements another, quicker, tag +selection method called @emph{fast tag selection}. This allows you to +select and deselect tags with just a single key press. For this to +work well you should assign unique letters to most of your commonly +used tags. You can do this globally by configuring the variable +@code{org-tag-alist} in your Emacs init file. For example, you may find +the need to tag many items in different files with @samp{@@home}. In this +case you can set something like: + +@lisp +(setq org-tag-alist '(("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h) ("laptop" . ?l))) +@end lisp + +If the tag is only relevant to the file you are working on, then you +can instead set the @samp{TAGS} keyword as: + +@example +#+TAGS: @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) laptop(l) pc(p) +@end example + + +The tags interface shows the available tags in a splash window. If +you want to start a new line after a specific tag, insert @samp{\n} into +the tag list + +@example +#+TAGS: @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) \n laptop(l) pc(p) +@end example + + +@noindent +or write them in two lines: + +@example +#+TAGS: @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) +#+TAGS: laptop(l) pc(p) +@end example + +You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive by using +braces, as in: + +@example +#+TAGS: @{ @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) @} laptop(l) pc(p) +@end example + + +@noindent +you indicate that at most one of @samp{@@work}, @samp{@@home}, and @samp{@@tennisclub} +should be selected. Multiple such groups are allowed. + +Do not forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with point in one of these +lines to activate any changes. + +To set these mutually exclusive groups in the variable +@code{org-tags-alist}, you must use the dummy tags @code{:startgroup} and +@code{:endgroup} instead of the braces. Similarly, you can use @code{:newline} +to indicate a line break. The previous example would be set globally +by the following configuration: + +@lisp +(setq org-tag-alist '((:startgroup . nil) + ("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h) + ("@@tennisclub" . ?t) + (:endgroup . nil) + ("laptop" . ?l) ("pc" . ?p))) +@end lisp + +If at least one tag has a selection key then pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} automatically presents you with a special interface, listing +inherited tags, the tags of the current headline, and a list of all +valid tags with corresponding keys@footnote{Keys are automatically assigned to tags that have no +configured keys.}. + +Pressing keys assigned to tags adds or removes them from the list of +tags in the current line. Selecting a tag in a group of mutually +exclusive tags turns off any other tag from that group. + +In this interface, you can also use the following special keys: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} +@kindex TAB +Enter a tag in the minibuffer, even if the tag is not in the +predefined list. You can complete on all tags present in the buffer +and globally pre-defined tags from @code{org-tag-alist} and +@code{org-tag-persistent-alist}. You can also add several tags: just +separate them with a comma. + +@item @kbd{@key{SPC}} +@kindex SPC +Clear all tags for this line. + +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} +@kindex RET +Accept the modified set. + +@item @kbd{C-g} +@kindex C-g +Abort without installing changes. + +@item @kbd{q} +@kindex q +If @kbd{q} is not assigned to a tag, it aborts like +@kbd{C-g}. + +@item @kbd{!} +@kindex ! +Turn off groups of mutually exclusive tags. Use this to (as an +exception) assign several tags from such a group. + +@item @kbd{C-c} +@kindex C-c C-c +Toggle auto-exit after the next change (see below). If you are +using expert mode, the first @kbd{C-c} displays the selection +window. +@end table + +This method lets you assign tags to a headline with very few keys. +With the above setup, you could clear the current tags and set +@samp{@@home}, @samp{laptop} and @samp{pc} tags with just the following keys: +@kbd{C-c C-c @key{SPC} h l p @key{RET}}. Switching from @samp{@@home} to @samp{@@work} +would be done with @kbd{C-c C-c w @key{RET}} or alternatively with +@kbd{C-c C-c C-c w}. Adding the non-predefined tag @samp{sarah} could +be done with @kbd{C-c C-c @key{TAB} s a r a h @key{RET}}. + +@vindex org-fast-tag-selection-single-key +If you find that most of the time you need only a single key press to +modify your list of tags, set the variable +@code{org-fast-tag-selection-single-key}. Then you no longer have to press +@kbd{@key{RET}} to exit fast tag selection---it exits after the first +change. If you then occasionally need more keys, press @kbd{C-c} +to turn off auto-exit for the current tag selection process (in +effect: start selection with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c} instead of +@kbd{C-c C-c}). If you set the variable to the value @code{expert}, +the special window is not even shown for single-key tag selection, it +comes up only when you press an extra @kbd{C-c}. + +@node Tag Hierarchy +@section Tag Hierarchy + +@cindex group tags +@cindex tags, groups +@cindex tags hierarchy + +Tags can be defined in hierarchies. A tag can be defined as a @emph{group +tag} for a set of other tags. The group tag can be seen as the +``broader term'' for its set of tags. Defining multiple group tags and +nesting them creates a tag hierarchy. + +One use-case is to create a taxonomy of terms (tags) that can be used +to classify nodes in a document or set of documents. + +When you search for a group tag, it return matches for all members in +the group and its subgroups. In an agenda view, filtering by a group +tag displays or hide headlines tagged with at least one of the members +of the group or any of its subgroups. This makes tag searches and +filters even more flexible. + +You can set group tags by using brackets and inserting a colon between +the group tag and its related tags---beware that all whitespaces are +mandatory so that Org can parse this line correctly: + +@example +#+TAGS: [ GTD : Control Persp ] +@end example + + +In this example, @samp{GTD} is the group tag and it is related to two other +tags: @samp{Control}, @samp{Persp}. Defining @samp{Control} and @samp{Persp} as group +tags creates a hierarchy of tags: + +@example +#+TAGS: [ Control : Context Task ] +#+TAGS: [ Persp : Vision Goal AOF Project ] +@end example + +That can conceptually be seen as a hierarchy of tags: + +@itemize +@item +@samp{GTD} +@itemize +@item +@samp{Persp} +@itemize +@item +@samp{Vision} +@item +@samp{Goal} +@item +@samp{AOF} +@item +@samp{Project} +@end itemize +@item +@samp{Control} +@itemize +@item +@samp{Context} +@item +@samp{Task} +@end itemize +@end itemize +@end itemize + +You can use the @code{:startgrouptag}, @code{:grouptags} and @code{:endgrouptag} +keyword directly when setting @code{org-tag-alist} directly: + +@lisp +(setq org-tag-alist '((:startgrouptag) + ("GTD") + (:grouptags) + ("Control") + ("Persp") + (:endgrouptag) + (:startgrouptag) + ("Control") + (:grouptags) + ("Context") + ("Task") + (:endgrouptag))) +@end lisp + +The tags in a group can be mutually exclusive if using the same group +syntax as is used for grouping mutually exclusive tags together; using +curly brackets. + +@example +#+TAGS: @{ Context : @@Home @@Work @@Call @} +@end example + + +When setting @code{org-tag-alist} you can use @code{:startgroup} and @code{:endgroup} +instead of @code{:startgrouptag} and @code{:endgrouptag} to make the tags +mutually exclusive. + +Furthermore, the members of a group tag can also be regular +expressions, creating the possibility of a more dynamic and rule-based +tag structure (see @ref{Regular Expressions}). The regular expressions in +the group must be specified within curly brackets. Here is an +expanded example: + +@example +#+TAGS: [ Vision : @{V@@.+@} ] +#+TAGS: [ Goal : @{G@@.+@} ] +#+TAGS: [ AOF : @{AOF@@.+@} ] +#+TAGS: [ Project : @{P@@.+@} ] +@end example + +Searching for the tag @samp{Project} now lists all tags also including +regular expression matches for @samp{P@@.+}, and similarly for tag searches +on @samp{Vision}, @samp{Goal} and @samp{AOF}. For example, this would work well for +a project tagged with a common project-identifier, e.g., +@samp{P@@2014_OrgTags}. + +@kindex C-c C-x q +@findex org-toggle-tags-groups +@vindex org-group-tags +If you want to ignore group tags temporarily, toggle group tags +support with @code{org-toggle-tags-groups}, bound to @kbd{C-c C-x q}. +If you want to disable tag groups completely, set @code{org-group-tags} to +@code{nil}. + +@node Tag Searches +@section Tag Searches + +@cindex tag searches +@cindex searching for tags + +Once a system of tags has been set up, it can be used to collect +related information into special lists. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c / m} or @kbd{C-c \} (@code{org-match-sparse-tree}) +@kindex C-c / m +@kindex C-c \ +@findex org-match-sparse-tree +Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search. +With a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not +a TODO line. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda m} (@code{org-tags-view}) +@kindex m @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-tags-view +Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. See +@ref{Matching tags and properties}. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda M} (@code{org-tags-view}) +@kindex M @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@vindex org-tags-match-list-sublevels +Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check +only TODO items and force checking subitems (see the option +@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}). +@end table + +These commands all prompt for a match string which allows basic +Boolean logic like @samp{+boss+urgent-project1}, to find entries with tags +@samp{boss} and @samp{urgent}, but not @samp{project1}, or @samp{Kathy|Sally} to find +entries which are tagged, like @samp{Kathy} or @samp{Sally}. The full syntax of +the search string is rich and allows also matching against TODO +keywords, entry levels and properties. For a complete description +with many examples, see @ref{Matching tags and properties}. + +@node Properties and Columns +@chapter Properties and Columns + +@cindex properties + +A property is a key-value pair associated with an entry. Properties +can be set so they are associated with a single entry, with every +entry in a tree, or with the whole buffer. + +There are two main applications for properties in Org mode. First, +properties are like tags, but with a value. Imagine maintaining +a file where you document bugs and plan releases for a piece of +software. Instead of using tags like @samp{release_1}, @samp{release_2}, you +can use a property, say @samp{Release}, that in different subtrees has +different values, such as @samp{1.0} or @samp{2.0}. Second, you can use +properties to implement (very basic) database capabilities in an Org +buffer. Imagine keeping track of your music CDs, where properties +could be things such as the album, artist, date of release, number of +tracks, and so on. + +Properties can be conveniently edited and viewed in column view (see +@ref{Column View}). + +@menu +* Property Syntax:: How properties are spelled out. +* Special Properties:: Access to other Org mode features. +* Property Searches:: Matching property values. +* Property Inheritance:: Passing values down a tree. +* Column View:: Tabular viewing and editing. +@end menu + +@node Property Syntax +@section Property Syntax + +@cindex property syntax +@cindex drawer, for properties + +Properties are key--value pairs. When they are associated with +a single entry or with a tree they need to be inserted into a special +drawer (see @ref{Drawers}) with the name @samp{PROPERTIES}, which has to be +located right below a headline, and its planning line (see @ref{Deadlines and Scheduling}) when applicable. Each property is specified on +a single line, with the key---surrounded by colons---first, and the +value after it. Keys are case-insensitive. Here is an example: + +@example +* CD collection +** Classic +*** Goldberg Variations + :PROPERTIES: + :Title: Goldberg Variations + :Composer: J.S. Bach + :Artist: Glenn Gould + :Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon + :NDisks: 1 + :END: +@end example + +Depending on the value of @code{org-use-property-inheritance}, a property +set this way is associated either with a single entry, or with the +sub-tree defined by the entry, see @ref{Property Inheritance}. + +You may define the allowed values for a particular property @samp{Xyz} by +setting a property @samp{Xyz_ALL}. This special property is @emph{inherited}, +so if you set it in a level 1 entry, it applies to the entire tree. +When allowed values are defined, setting the corresponding property +becomes easier and is less prone to typing errors. For the example +with the CD collection, we can pre-define publishers and the number of +disks in a box like this: + +@example +* CD collection + :PROPERTIES: + :NDisks_ALL: 1 2 3 4 + :Publisher_ALL: "Deutsche Grammophon" Philips EMI + :END: +@end example + +Properties can be inserted on buffer level. That means they apply +before the first headline and can be inherited by all entries in a +file. Property blocks defined before first headline needs to be +located at the top of the buffer, allowing only comments above. + +Properties can also be defined using lines like: + +@cindex @samp{_ALL} suffix, in properties +@cindex @samp{PROPERTY}, keyword +@example +#+PROPERTY: NDisks_ALL 1 2 3 4 +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{+} suffix, in properties +If you want to add to the value of an existing property, append a @samp{+} +to the property name. The following results in the property @samp{var} +having the value @samp{foo=1 bar=2}. + +@example +#+PROPERTY: var foo=1 +#+PROPERTY: var+ bar=2 +@end example + +It is also possible to add to the values of inherited properties. The +following results in the @samp{Genres} property having the value @samp{Classic +Baroque} under the @samp{Goldberg Variations} subtree. + +@example +* CD collection +** Classic + :PROPERTIES: + :Genres: Classic + :END: +*** Goldberg Variations + :PROPERTIES: + :Title: Goldberg Variations + :Composer: J.S. Bach + :Artist: Glenn Gould + :Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon + :NDisks: 1 + :Genres+: Baroque + :END: +@end example + +Note that a property can only have one entry per drawer. + +@vindex org-global-properties +Property values set with the global variable @code{org-global-properties} +can be inherited by all entries in all Org files. + +The following commands help to work with properties: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (@code{pcomplete}) +@kindex M-TAB +@findex pcomplete +After an initial colon in a line, complete property keys. All keys +used in the current file are offered as possible completions. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x p} (@code{org-set-property}) +@kindex C-c C-x p +@findex org-set-property +Set a property. This prompts for a property name and a value. If +necessary, the property drawer is created as well. + +@item @kbd{C-u M-x org-insert-drawer} +@findex org-insert-drawer +Insert a property drawer into the current entry. The drawer is +inserted early in the entry, but after the lines with planning +information like deadlines. If before first headline the drawer is +inserted at the top of the drawer after any potential comments. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{org-property-action}) +@kindex C-c C-c +@findex org-property-action +With point in a property drawer, this executes property commands. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c s} (@code{org-set-property}) +@kindex C-c C-c s +@findex org-set-property +Set a property in the current entry. Both the property and the +value can be inserted using completion. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-property-next-allowed-values}) +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-property-previous-allowed-value}) +@kindex S-RIGHT +@kindex S-LEFT +Switch property at point to the next/previous allowed value. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c d} (@code{org-delete-property}) +@kindex C-c C-c d +@findex org-delete-property +Remove a property from the current entry. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c D} (@code{org-delete-property-globally}) +@kindex C-c C-c D +@findex org-delete-property-globally +Globally remove a property, from all entries in the current file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c c} (@code{org-compute-property-at-point}) +@kindex C-c C-c c +@findex org-compute-property-at-point +Compute the property at point, using the operator and scope from the +nearest column format definition. +@end table + +@node Special Properties +@section Special Properties + +@cindex properties, special + +Special properties provide an alternative access method to Org mode +features, like the TODO state or the priority of an entry, discussed +in the previous chapters. This interface exists so that you can +include these states in a column view (see @ref{Column View}), or to use +them in queries. The following property names are special and should +not be used as keys in the properties drawer: + +@cindex @samp{ALLTAGS}, special property +@cindex @samp{BLOCKED}, special property +@cindex @samp{CLOCKSUM}, special property +@cindex @samp{CLOCKSUM_T}, special property +@cindex @samp{CLOSED}, special property +@cindex @samp{DEADLINE}, special property +@cindex @samp{FILE}, special property +@cindex @samp{ITEM}, special property +@cindex @samp{PRIORITY}, special property +@cindex @samp{SCHEDULED}, special property +@cindex @samp{TAGS}, special property +@cindex @samp{TIMESTAMP}, special property +@cindex @samp{TIMESTAMP_IA}, special property +@cindex @samp{TODO}, special property +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{ALLTAGS} +@tab All tags, including inherited ones. +@item @samp{BLOCKED} +@tab @code{t} if task is currently blocked by children or siblings. +@item @samp{CATEGORY} +@tab The category of an entry. +@item @samp{CLOCKSUM} +@tab The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree. @code{org-clock-sum} +@item +@tab must be run first to compute the values in the current buffer. +@item @samp{CLOCKSUM_T} +@tab The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree for today. +@item +@tab @code{org-clock-sum-today} must be run first to compute the +@item +@tab values in the current buffer. +@item @samp{CLOSED} +@tab When was this entry closed? +@item @samp{DEADLINE} +@tab The deadline timestamp. +@item @samp{FILE} +@tab The filename the entry is located in. +@item @samp{ITEM} +@tab The headline of the entry. +@item @samp{PRIORITY} +@tab The priority of the entry, a string with a single letter. +@item @samp{SCHEDULED} +@tab The scheduling timestamp. +@item @samp{TAGS} +@tab The tags defined directly in the headline. +@item @samp{TIMESTAMP} +@tab The first keyword-less timestamp in the entry. +@item @samp{TIMESTAMP_IA} +@tab The first inactive timestamp in the entry. +@item @samp{TODO} +@tab The TODO keyword of the entry. +@end multitable + +@node Property Searches +@section Property Searches + +@cindex properties, searching +@cindex searching, of properties + +To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on +properties, the same commands are used as for tag searches (see @ref{Tag Searches}). + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c / m} or @kbd{C-c \} (@code{org-match-sparse-tree}) +@kindex C-c / m +@kindex C-c \ +@findex org-match-sparse-tree +Create a sparse tree with all matching entries. With +a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not +a TODO line. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda m} (@code{org-tags-view}) +@kindex m @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-tags-view +Create a global list of tag/property matches from all agenda files. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda M} (@code{org-tags-view}) +@kindex M @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@vindex org-tags-match-list-sublevels +Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check +only TODO items and force checking of subitems (see the option +@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}). +@end table + +The syntax for the search string is described in @ref{Matching tags and properties}. + +There is also a special command for creating sparse trees based on a +single property: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c / p} +@kindex C-c / p +Create a sparse tree based on the value of a property. This first +prompts for the name of a property, and then for a value. A sparse +tree is created with all entries that define this property with the +given value. If you enclose the value in curly braces, it is +interpreted as a regular expression and matched against the property +values (see @ref{Regular Expressions}). +@end table + +@node Property Inheritance +@section Property Inheritance + +@cindex properties, inheritance +@cindex inheritance, of properties + +@vindex org-use-property-inheritance +The outline structure of Org documents lends itself to an inheritance +model of properties: if the parent in a tree has a certain property, +the children can inherit this property. Org mode does not turn this +on by default, because it can slow down property searches +significantly and is often not needed. However, if you find +inheritance useful, you can turn it on by setting the variable +@code{org-use-property-inheritance}. It may be set to @code{t} to make all +properties inherited from the parent, to a list of properties that +should be inherited, or to a regular expression that matches inherited +properties. If a property has the value @code{nil}, this is interpreted as +an explicit un-define of the property, so that inheritance search +stops at this value and returns @code{nil}. + +Org mode has a few properties for which inheritance is hard-coded, at +least for the special applications for which they are used: + +@table @asis +@item @code{COLUMNS} +@cindex @samp{COLUMNS}, property +The @samp{COLUMNS} property defines the format of column view (see +@ref{Column View}). It is inherited in the sense that the level where +a @samp{COLUMNS} property is defined is used as the starting point for +a column view table, independently of the location in the subtree +from where columns view is turned on. + +@item @code{CATEGORY} +@cindex @samp{CATEGORY}, property +For agenda view, a category set through a @samp{CATEGORY} property +applies to the entire subtree. + +@item @code{ARCHIVE} +@cindex @samp{ARCHIVE}, property +For archiving, the @samp{ARCHIVE} property may define the archive +location for the entire subtree (see @ref{Moving subtrees}). + +@item @code{LOGGING} +@cindex @samp{LOGGING}, property +The @samp{LOGGING} property may define logging settings for an entry or +a subtree (see @ref{Tracking TODO state changes}). +@end table + +@node Column View +@section Column View + +A great way to view and edit properties in an outline tree is @emph{column +view}. In column view, each outline node is turned into a table row. +Columns in this table provide access to properties of the entries. +Org mode implements columns by overlaying a tabular structure over the +headline of each item. While the headlines have been turned into +a table row, you can still change the visibility of the outline tree. +For example, you get a compact table by switching to ``contents'' +view---@kbd{S-@key{TAB}} @kbd{S-@key{TAB}}, or simply @kbd{c} +while column view is active---but you can still open, read, and edit +the entry below each headline. Or, you can switch to column view +after executing a sparse tree command and in this way get a table only +for the selected items. Column view also works in agenda buffers (see +@ref{Agenda Views}) where queries have collected selected items, possibly +from a number of files. + +@menu +* Defining columns:: The COLUMNS format property. +* Using column view:: How to create and use column view. +* Capturing column view:: A dynamic block for column view. +@end menu + +@node Defining columns +@subsection Defining columns + +@cindex column view, for properties +@cindex properties, column view + +Setting up a column view first requires defining the columns. This is +done by defining a column format line. + +@menu +* Scope of column definitions:: Where defined, where valid? +* Column attributes:: Appearance and content of a column. +@end menu + +@node Scope of column definitions +@subsubsection Scope of column definitions + +To specify a format that only applies to a specific tree, add +a @samp{COLUMNS} property to the top node of that tree, for example: + +@example +** Top node for columns view + :PROPERTIES: + :COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO + :END: +@end example + +A @samp{COLUMNS} property within a property drawer before first headline +will apply to the entire file. As an addition to property drawers, +keywords can also be defined for an entire file using a line like: + +@cindex @samp{COLUMNS}, keyword +@example +#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO +@end example + + +If a @samp{COLUMNS} property is present in an entry, it defines columns for +the entry itself, and for the entire subtree below it. Since the +column definition is part of the hierarchical structure of the +document, you can define columns on level 1 that are general enough +for all sublevels, and more specific columns further down, when you +edit a deeper part of the tree. + +@node Column attributes +@subsubsection Column attributes + +A column definition sets the attributes of a column. The general +definition looks like this: + +@example +%[WIDTH]PROPERTY[(TITLE)][@{SUMMARY-TYPE@}] +@end example + + +@noindent +Except for the percent sign and the property name, all items are +optional. The individual parts have the following meaning: + +@table @asis +@item @var{WIDTH} +An integer specifying the width of the column in characters. If +omitted, the width is determined automatically. + +@item @var{PROPERTY} +The property that should be edited in this column. Special +properties representing meta data are allowed here as well (see +@ref{Special Properties}). + +@item @var{TITLE} +The header text for the column. If omitted, the property name is +used. + +@item @var{SUMMARY-TYPE} +The summary type. If specified, the column values for parent nodes +are computed from the children@footnote{If more than one summary type applies to the same property, +the parent values are computed according to the first of them.}. + +Supported summary types are: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{+} +@tab Sum numbers in this column. +@item @samp{+;%.1f} +@tab Like @samp{+}, but format result with @samp{%.1f}. +@item @samp{$} +@tab Currency, short for @samp{+;%.2f}. +@item @samp{min} +@tab Smallest number in column. +@item @samp{max} +@tab Largest number. +@item @samp{mean} +@tab Arithmetic mean of numbers. +@item @samp{X} +@tab Checkbox status, @samp{[X]} if all children are @samp{[X]}. +@item @samp{X/} +@tab Checkbox status, @samp{[n/m]}. +@item @samp{X%} +@tab Checkbox status, @samp{[n%]}. +@item @samp{:} +@tab Sum times, HH:MM, plain numbers are minutes. +@item @samp{:min} +@tab Smallest time value in column. +@item @samp{:max} +@tab Largest time value. +@item @samp{:mean} +@tab Arithmetic mean of time values. +@item @samp{@@min} +@tab Minimum age@footnote{An age can be defined as a duration, using units defined in +@code{org-duration-units}, e.g., @samp{3d 1h}. If any value in the column is as +such, the summary is also expressed as a duration.} (in days/hours/mins/seconds). +@item @samp{@@max} +@tab Maximum age (in days/hours/mins/seconds). +@item @samp{@@mean} +@tab Arithmetic mean of ages (in days/hours/mins/seconds). +@item @samp{est+} +@tab Add low-high estimates. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-columns-summary-types +You can also define custom summary types by setting +@code{org-columns-summary-types}. +@end table + +The @samp{est+} summary type requires further explanation. It is used for +combining estimates, expressed as low-high ranges. For example, +instead of estimating a particular task will take 5 days, you might +estimate it as 5--6 days if you're fairly confident you know how much +work is required, or 1--10 days if you do not really know what needs +to be done. Both ranges average at 5.5 days, but the first represents +a more predictable delivery. + +When combining a set of such estimates, simply adding the lows and +highs produces an unrealistically wide result. Instead, @samp{est+} adds +the statistical mean and variance of the subtasks, generating a final +estimate from the sum. For example, suppose you had ten tasks, each +of which was estimated at 0.5 to 2 days of work. Straight addition +produces an estimate of 5 to 20 days, representing what to expect if +everything goes either extremely well or extremely poorly. In +contrast, @samp{est+} estimates the full job more realistically, at 10--15 +days. + +Here is an example for a complete columns definition, along with +allowed values@footnote{Please note that the @samp{COLUMNS} definition must be on a single +line; it is wrapped here only because of formatting constraints.}. + +@example +:COLUMNS: %25ITEM %9Approved(Approved?)@{X@} %Owner %11Status \ + %10Time_Estimate@{:@} %CLOCKSUM %CLOCKSUM_T +:Owner_ALL: Tammy Mark Karl Lisa Don +:Status_ALL: "In progress" "Not started yet" "Finished" "" +:Approved_ALL: "[ ]" "[X]" +@end example + +@noindent +The first column, @samp{%25ITEM}, means the first 25 characters of the item +itself, i.e., of the headline. You probably always should start the +column definition with the @samp{ITEM} specifier. The other specifiers +create columns @samp{Owner} with a list of names as allowed values, for +@samp{Status} with four different possible values, and for a checkbox field +@samp{Approved}. When no width is given after the @samp{%} character, the +column is exactly as wide as it needs to be in order to fully display +all values. The @samp{Approved} column does have a modified title +(@samp{Approved?}, with a question mark). Summaries are created for the +@samp{Time_Estimate} column by adding time duration expressions like HH:MM, +and for the @samp{Approved} column, by providing an @samp{[X]} status if all +children have been checked. The @samp{CLOCKSUM} and @samp{CLOCKSUM_T} columns +are special, they lists the sums of CLOCK intervals in the subtree, +either for all clocks or just for today. + +@node Using column view +@subsection Using column view + + + +@anchor{Turning column view on or off} +@subsubheading Turning column view on or off + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-c} (@code{org-columns}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-c +@vindex org-columns +@vindex org-columns-default-format +Turn on column view. If point is before the first headline in the +file, column view is turned on for the entire file, using the +@samp{#+COLUMNS} definition. If point is somewhere inside the outline, +this command searches the hierarchy, up from point, for a @samp{COLUMNS} +property that defines a format. When one is found, the column view +table is established for the tree starting at the entry that +contains the @samp{COLUMNS} property. If no such property is found, the +format is taken from the @samp{#+COLUMNS} line or from the variable +@code{org-columns-default-format}, and column view is established for the +current entry and its subtree. + +@item @kbd{r} or @kbd{g} on a columns view line (@code{org-columns-redo}) +@kindex r +@kindex g +@findex org-columns-redo +Recreate the column view, to include recent changes made in the +buffer. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{q} on a columns view line (@code{org-columns-quit}) +@kindex q +@kindex C-c C-c +@findex org-columns-quit +Exit column view. +@end table + +@anchor{Editing values} +@subsubheading Editing values + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{@key{LEFT}}, @kbd{@key{RIGHT}}, @kbd{@key{UP}}, @kbd{@key{DOWN}} +Move through the column view from field to field. + +@item @kbd{1..9,0} +@kindex 1..9,0 +Directly select the Nth allowed value, @kbd{0} selects the +10th value. + +@item @kbd{n} or @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-columns-next-allowed-value}) +@itemx @kbd{p} or @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-columns-previous-allowed-value}) +@kindex n +@kindex S-RIGHT +@kindex p +@kindex S-LEFT +@findex org-columns-next-allowed-value +@findex org-columns-previous-allowed-value +Switch to the next/previous allowed value of the field. For this, +you have to have specified allowed values for a property. + +@item @kbd{e} (@code{org-columns-edit-value}) +@kindex e +@findex org-columns-edit-value +Edit the property at point. For the special properties, this +invokes the same interface that you normally use to change that +property. For example, the tag completion or fast selection +interface pops up when editing a @samp{TAGS} property. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{org-columns-toggle-or-columns-quit}) +@kindex C-c C-c +@findex org-columns-toggle-or-columns-quit +When there is a checkbox at point, toggle it. Else exit column +view. + +@item @kbd{v} (@code{org-columns-show-value}) +@kindex v +@findex org-columns-show-value +View the full value of this property. This is useful if the width +of the column is smaller than that of the value. + +@item @kbd{a} (@code{org-columns-edit-allowed}) +@kindex a +@findex org-columns-edit-allowed +Edit the list of allowed values for this property. If the list is +found in the hierarchy, the modified values is stored there. If no +list is found, the new value is stored in the first entry that is +part of the current column view. +@end table + +@anchor{Modifying column view on-the-fly} +@subsubheading Modifying column view on-the-fly + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{<} (@code{org-columns-narrow}) +@itemx @kbd{>} (@code{org-columns-widen}) +@kindex < +@kindex > +@findex org-columns-narrow +@findex org-columns-widen +Make the column narrower/wider by one character. + +@item @kbd{S-M-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-columns-new}) +@kindex S-M-RIGHT +@findex org-columns-new +Insert a new column, to the left of the current column. + +@item @kbd{S-M-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-columns-delete}) +@kindex S-M-LEFT +@findex org-columns-delete +Delete the current column. +@end table + +@node Capturing column view +@subsection Capturing column view + +Since column view is just an overlay over a buffer, it cannot be +exported or printed directly. If you want to capture a column view, +use a @samp{columnview} dynamic block (see @ref{Dynamic Blocks}). The frame of +this block looks like this: + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN columnview} +@example +* The column view +#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 1 :id "label" + +#+END: +@end example + +This dynamic block has the following parameters: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{:id} +This is the most important parameter. Column view is a feature that +is often localized to a certain (sub)tree, and the capture block +might be at a different location in the file. To identify the tree +whose view to capture, you can use four values: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{local} +Use the tree in which the capture block is located. + +@item @samp{global} +Make a global view, including all headings in the file. + +@item @samp{file:FILENAME} +Run column view at the top of the @var{FILENAME} file. + +@item @samp{LABEL} +@cindex @samp{ID}, property +Call column view in the tree that has an @samp{ID} property with the +value @var{LABEL}. You can use @kbd{M-x org-id-copy} to +create a globally unique ID for the current entry and copy it to +the kill-ring. +@end table + +@item @samp{:match} +When set to a string, use this as a tags/property match filter to +select only a subset of the headlines in the scope set by the @code{:id} +parameter. +@end table + + +@table @asis +@item @samp{:hlines} +When @code{t}, insert an hline after every line. When a number N, insert +an hline before each headline with level @code{<= N}. + +@item @samp{:vlines} +When non-@code{nil}, force column groups to get vertical lines. + +@item @samp{:maxlevel} +When set to a number, do not capture entries below this level. + +@item @samp{:skip-empty-rows} +When non-@code{nil}, skip rows where the only non-empty specifier of +the column view is @samp{ITEM}. + +@item @samp{:exclude-tags} +List of tags to exclude from column view table: entries with these +tags will be excluded from the column view. + +@item @samp{:indent} +When non-@code{nil}, indent each @samp{ITEM} field according to its level. + +@item @samp{:format} +Specify a column attribute (see @ref{Column attributes}) for the dynamic +block. +@end table + +The following commands insert or update the dynamic block: + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-columns-insert-dblock} +@kindex C-c C-x x +@findex org-columns-insert-dblock +Insert a dynamic block capturing a column view. Prompt for the +scope or ID of the view. + +This command can be invoked by calling +@code{org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock} (@kbd{C-c C-x x}) and +selecting ``columnview'' (see @ref{Dynamic Blocks}). + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} @kbd{C-c C-x C-u} (@code{org-dblock-update}) +@kindex C-c C-c +@kindex C-c C-x C-u +@findex org-dblock-update +Update dynamic block at point. point needs to be in the @samp{#+BEGIN} +line of the dynamic block. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-x C-u} (@code{org-update-all-dblocks}) +@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u +Update all dynamic blocks (see @ref{Dynamic Blocks}). This is useful if +you have several clock table blocks, column-capturing blocks or +other dynamic blocks in a buffer. +@end table + +You can add formulas to the column view table and you may add plotting +instructions in front of the table---these survive an update of the +block. If there is a @samp{TBLFM} keyword after the table, the table is +recalculated automatically after an update. + +An alternative way to capture and process property values into a table +is provided by Eric Schulte's @samp{org-collector.el}, which is a package +in @samp{org-contrib}@footnote{Contributed packages are not part of Emacs, but are +distributed with the main distribution of Org---visit +@uref{https://orgmode.org}.}. It provides a general API to collect +properties from entries in a certain scope, and arbitrary Lisp +expressions to process these values before inserting them into a table +or a dynamic block. + +@node Dates and Times +@chapter Dates and Times + +@cindex dates +@cindex times +@cindex timestamp +@cindex date stamp + +To assist project planning, TODO items can be labeled with a date +and/or a time. The specially formatted string carrying the date and +time information is called a @emph{timestamp} in Org mode. This may be +a little confusing because timestamp is often used as indicating when +something was created or last changed. However, in Org mode this term +is used in a much wider sense. + +@menu +* Timestamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry. +* Creating Timestamps:: Commands to insert timestamps. +* Deadlines and Scheduling:: Planning your work. +* Clocking Work Time:: Tracking how long you spend on a task. +* Effort Estimates:: Planning work effort in advance. +* Timers:: Notes with a running timer. +@end menu + +@node Timestamps +@section Timestamps + +@cindex timestamps +@cindex ranges, time +@cindex date stamps +@cindex deadlines +@cindex scheduling + +A timestamp is a specification of a date (possibly with a time or +a range of times) in a special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or +@samp{<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>} or @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue 12:00-12:30>}@footnote{The Org date format is inspired by the standard ISO 8601 +date/time format. To use an alternative format, see @ref{Custom time format}. The day name is optional when you type the date yourself. +However, any date inserted or modified by Org adds that day name, for +reading convenience.}. +A timestamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an Org tree +entry. Its presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in +the agenda (see @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}). We distinguish: + +@table @asis +@item Plain timestamp; Event; Appointment +@cindex timestamp +@cindex appointment +A simple timestamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is +just like writing down an appointment or event in a paper agenda. +In the agenda display, the headline of an entry associated with +a plain timestamp is shown exactly on that date. + +@example +* Meet Peter at the movies + <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15> +* Discussion on climate change + <2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00> +@end example + +@item Timestamp with repeater interval +@cindex timestamp, with repeater interval +A timestamp may contain a @emph{repeater interval}, indicating that it +applies not only on the given date, but again and again after +a certain interval of N days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years +(y). The following shows up in the agenda every Wednesday: + +@example +* Pick up Sam at school + <2007-05-16 Wed 12:30 +1w> +@end example + +@item Diary-style expression entries +@cindex diary style timestamps +@cindex sexp timestamps +For more complex date specifications, Org mode supports using the +special expression diary entries implemented in the Emacs Calendar +package@footnote{When working with the standard diary expression functions, you +need to be very careful with the order of the arguments. That order +depends evilly on the variable @code{calendar-date-style}. For example, to +specify a date December 12, 2005, the call might look like +@samp{(diary-date 12 1 2005)} or @samp{(diary-date 1 12 2005)} or @samp{(diary-date +2005 12 1)}, depending on the settings. This has been the source of +much confusion. Org mode users can resort to special versions of +these functions like @code{org-date} or @code{org-anniversary}. These work just +like the corresponding @code{diary-} functions, but with stable ISO order +of arguments (year, month, day) wherever applicable, independent of +the value of @code{calendar-date-style}.}. For example, with optional time: + +@example +* 22:00-23:00 The nerd meeting on every 2nd Thursday of the month + <%%(diary-float t 4 2)> +@end example + +@item Time/Date range +@cindex timerange +@cindex date range +Two timestamps connected by @samp{--} denote a range. The headline is +shown on the first and last day of the range, and on any dates that +are displayed and fall in the range. Here is an example: + +@example +** Meeting in Amsterdam + <2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu> +@end example + +@item Inactive timestamp +@cindex timestamp, inactive +@cindex inactive timestamp +Just like a plain timestamp, but with square brackets instead of +angular ones. These timestamps are inactive in the sense that they +do @emph{not} trigger an entry to show up in the agenda. + +@example +* Gillian comes late for the fifth time + [2006-11-01 Wed] +@end example +@end table + +@node Creating Timestamps +@section Creating Timestamps + +For Org mode to recognize timestamps, they need to be in the specific +format. All commands listed below produce timestamps in the correct +format. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c .} (@code{org-time-stamp}) +@kindex C-c . +@findex org-time-stamp +Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding timestamp. When point +is at an existing timestamp in the buffer, the command is used to +modify this timestamp instead of inserting a new one. When this +command is used twice in succession, a time range is inserted. + +@kindex C-u C-c . +@vindex org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes +When called with a prefix argument, use the alternative format which +contains date and time. The default time can be rounded to +multiples of 5 minutes. See the option +@code{org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes}. + +@kindex C-u C-u C-c . +With two prefix arguments, insert an active timestamp with the +current time without prompting. + +@item @kbd{C-c !} (@code{org-time-stamp-inactive}) +@kindex C-c ! +@kindex C-u C-c ! +@kindex C-u C-u C-c ! +@findex org-time-stamp-inactive +Like @kbd{C-c .}, but insert an inactive timestamp that does +not cause an agenda entry. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +@kindex C-c C-c +Normalize timestamp, insert or fix day name if missing or wrong. + +@item @kbd{C-c <} (@code{org-date-from-calendar}) +@kindex C-c < +@findex org-date-from-calendar +Insert a timestamp corresponding to point date in the calendar. + +@item @kbd{C-c >} (@code{org-goto-calendar}) +@kindex C-c > +@findex org-goto-calendar +Access the Emacs calendar for the current date. If there is +a timestamp in the current line, go to the corresponding date +instead. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{org-open-at-point}) +@kindex C-c C-o +@findex org-open-at-point +Access the agenda for the date given by the timestamp or -range at +point (see @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}). + +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-timestamp-down-day}) +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-timestamp-up-day}) +@kindex S-LEFT +@kindex S-RIGHT +@findex org-timestamp-down-day +@findex org-timestamp-up-day +Change date at point by one day. These key bindings conflict with +shift-selection and related modes (see @ref{Conflicts}). + +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} (@code{org-timestamp-up}) +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-timestamp-down}) +@kindex S-UP +@kindex S-DOWN +On the beginning or enclosing bracket of a timestamp, change its +type. Within a timestamp, change the item under point. Point can +be on a year, month, day, hour or minute. When the timestamp +contains a time range like @samp{15:30-16:30}, modifying the first time +also shifts the second, shifting the time block with constant +length. To change the length, modify the second time. Note that if +point is in a headline and not at a timestamp, these same keys +modify the priority of an item (see @ref{Priorities}). The key bindings +also conflict with shift-selection and related modes (see @ref{Conflicts}). + +@item @kbd{C-c C-y} (@code{org-evaluate-time-range}) +@kindex C-c C-y +@findex org-evaluate-time-range +@cindex evaluate time range +Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and +end. With a prefix argument, insert result after the time range (in +a table: into the following column). +@end table + +@menu +* The date/time prompt:: How Org mode helps you enter dates and times. +* Custom time format:: Making dates look different. +@end menu + +@node The date/time prompt +@subsection The date/time prompt + +@cindex date, reading in minibuffer +@cindex time, reading in minibuffer + +@vindex org-read-date-prefer-future +When Org mode prompts for a date/time, the default is shown in default +date/time format, and the prompt therefore seems to ask for a specific +format. But it in fact accepts date/time information in a variety of +formats. Generally, the information should start at the beginning of +the string. Org mode finds whatever information is in there and +derives anything you have not specified from the @emph{default date and +time}. The default is usually the current date and time, but when +modifying an existing timestamp, or when entering the second stamp of +a range, it is taken from the stamp in the buffer. When filling in +information, Org mode assumes that most of the time you want to enter +a date in the future: if you omit the month/year and the given +day/month is @emph{before} today, it assumes that you mean a future +date@footnote{See the variable @code{org-read-date-prefer-future}. You may set +that variable to the symbol @code{time} to even make a time before now +shift the date to tomorrow.}. If the date has been automatically shifted into the +future, the time prompt shows this with @samp{(=>F)}. + +For example, let's assume that today is @strong{June 13, 2006}. Here is how +various inputs are interpreted, the items filled in by Org mode are in +@strong{bold}. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{3-2-5} +@tab @result{} 2003-02-05 +@item @samp{2/5/3} +@tab @result{} 2003-02-05 +@item @samp{14} +@tab @result{} @strong{2006}-@strong{06}-14 +@item @samp{12} +@tab @result{} @strong{2006}-@strong{07}-12 +@item @samp{2/5} +@tab @result{} @strong{2007}-02-05 +@item @samp{Fri} +@tab @result{} nearest Friday (default date or later) +@item @samp{sep 15} +@tab @result{} @strong{2006}-09-15 +@item @samp{feb 15} +@tab @result{} @strong{2007}-02-15 +@item @samp{sep 12 9} +@tab @result{} 2009-09-12 +@item @samp{12:45} +@tab @result{} @strong{2006}-@strong{06}-@strong{13} 12:45 +@item @samp{22 sept 0:34} +@tab @result{} @strong{2006}-09-22 0:34 +@item @samp{w4} +@tab @result{} ISO week for of the current year @strong{2006} +@item @samp{2012 w4 fri} +@tab @result{} Friday of ISO week 4 in 2012 +@item @samp{2012-w04-5} +@tab @result{} Same as above +@end multitable + +Furthermore you can specify a relative date by giving, as the @emph{first} +thing in the input: a plus/minus sign, a number and a letter---@samp{h}, +@samp{d}, @samp{w}, @samp{m} or @samp{y}---to indicate a change in hours, days, weeks, +months, or years. With @samp{h} the date is relative to the current time, +with the other letters and a single plus or minus, the date is +relative to today at 00:00. With a double plus or minus, it is +relative to the default date. If instead of a single letter, you use +the abbreviation of day name, the date is the Nth such day, e.g.: + +@multitable {aaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{+0} +@tab @result{} today +@item @samp{.} +@tab @result{} today +@item @samp{+2h} +@tab @result{} two hours from now +@item @samp{+4d} +@tab @result{} four days from today +@item @samp{+4} +@tab @result{} same as +4d +@item @samp{+2w} +@tab @result{} two weeks from today +@item @samp{++5} +@tab @result{} five days from default date +@item @samp{+2tue} +@tab @result{} second Tuesday from now +@end multitable + +@vindex parse-time-months +@vindex parse-time-weekdays +The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If +you want to use un-abbreviated names and/or other languages, configure +the variables @code{parse-time-months} and @code{parse-time-weekdays}. + +@vindex org-read-date-force-compatible-dates +Not all dates can be represented in a given Emacs implementation. By +default Org mode forces dates into the compatibility range 1970--2037 +which works on all Emacs implementations. If you want to use dates +outside of this range, read the docstring of the variable +@code{org-read-date-force-compatible-dates}. + +You can specify a time range by giving start and end times or by +giving a start time and a duration (in HH:MM format). Use one or two +dash(es) as the separator in the former case and use @samp{+} as the +separator in the latter case, e.g.: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{11am-1:15pm} +@tab @result{} 11:00-13:15 +@item @samp{11h-13h15} +@tab @result{} same as above +@item @samp{11am--1:15pm} +@tab @result{} same as above +@item @samp{11am+2:15} +@tab @result{} same as above +@end multitable + +@cindex calendar, for selecting date +@vindex org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt +Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up@footnote{If you do not need/want the calendar, configure the variable +@code{org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt}.}. +When you exit the date prompt, either by clicking on a date in the +calendar, or by pressing @kbd{@key{RET}}, the date selected in the +calendar is combined with the information entered at the prompt. You +can control the calendar fully from the minibuffer: + +@kindex < +@kindex > +@kindex M-v +@kindex C-v +@kindex mouse-1 +@kindex S-RIGHT +@kindex S-LEFT +@kindex S-DOWN +@kindex S-UP +@kindex M-S-RIGHT +@kindex M-S-LEFT +@kindex RET +@kindex . +@kindex C-. +@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.55 +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} +@tab Choose date at point in calendar. +@item @kbd{mouse-1} +@tab Select date by clicking on it. +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +@tab One day forward. +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@tab One day backward. +@item @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} +@tab One week forward. +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} +@tab One week backward. +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RIGHT}} +@tab One month forward. +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{LEFT}} +@tab One month backward. +@item @kbd{>} +@tab Scroll calendar forward by one month. +@item @kbd{<} +@tab Scroll calendar backward by one month. +@item @kbd{M-v} +@tab Scroll calendar forward by 3 months. +@item @kbd{C-v} +@tab Scroll calendar backward by 3 months. +@item @kbd{C-.} +@tab Select today's date@footnote{You can also use the calendar command @kbd{.} to jump to +today's date, but if you are inserting an hour specification for your +timestamp, @kbd{.} will then insert a dot after the hour. By contrast, +@kbd{C-.} will always jump to today's date.} +@end multitable + +@vindex org-read-date-display-live +The actions of the date/time prompt may seem complex, but I assure you +they will grow on you, and you will start getting annoyed by pretty +much any other way of entering a date/time out there. To help you +understand what is going on, the current interpretation of your input +is displayed live in the minibuffer@footnote{If you find this distracting, turn off the display with +@code{org-read-date-display-live}.}. + +@node Custom time format +@subsection Custom time format + +@cindex custom date/time format +@cindex time format, custom +@cindex date format, custom + +@vindex org-display-custom-times +@vindex org-time-stamp-custom-formats +Org mode uses the standard ISO notation for dates and times as it is +defined in ISO 8601. If you cannot get used to this and require +another representation of date and time to keep you happy, you can get +it by customizing the variables @code{org-display-custom-times} and +@code{org-time-stamp-custom-formats}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-t} (@code{org-toggle-time-stamp-overlays}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-t +@findex org-toggle-time-stamp-overlays +Toggle the display of custom formats for dates and times. +@end table + +Org mode needs the default format for scanning, so the custom +date/time format does not @emph{replace} the default format. Instead, it +is put @emph{over} the default format using text properties. This has the +following consequences: + +@itemize +@item +You cannot place point onto a timestamp anymore, only before or +after. + +@item +The @kbd{S-@key{UP}} and @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} keys can no longer be used +to adjust each component of a timestamp. If point is at the +beginning of the stamp, @kbd{S-@key{UP}} and @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} change +the stamp by one day, just like @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}}. At the end of the stamp, change the time by one +minute. + +@item +If the timestamp contains a range of clock times or a repeater, +these are not overlaid, but remain in the buffer as they were. + +@item +When you delete a timestamp character-by-character, it only +disappears from the buffer after @emph{all} (invisible) characters +belonging to the ISO timestamp have been removed. + +@item +If the custom timestamp format is longer than the default and you +are using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up. If +the custom format is shorter, things do work as expected. +@end itemize + +@node Deadlines and Scheduling +@section Deadlines and Scheduling + +A timestamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate +planning. Both the timestamp and the keyword have to be positioned +immediately after the task they refer to. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{DEADLINE} +@cindex @samp{DEADLINE} marker +Meaning: the task---most likely a TODO item, though not +necessarily---is supposed to be finished on that date. + +@vindex org-deadline-warning-days +On the deadline date, the task is listed in the agenda. In +addition, the agenda for @emph{today} carries a warning about the +approaching or missed deadline, starting @code{org-deadline-warning-days} +before the due date, and continuing until the entry is marked as +done. An example: + +@example +*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide + DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun> + The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]] +@end example + +@vindex org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled +You can specify a different lead time for warnings for a specific +deadlines using the following syntax. Here is an example with +a warning period of 5 days @samp{DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun -5d>}. This +warning is deactivated if the task gets scheduled and you set +@code{org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled} to @code{t}. + +@item @samp{SCHEDULED} +@cindex @samp{SCHEDULED} marker +Meaning: you are planning to start working on that task on the given +date. + +@vindex org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done +The headline is listed under the given date@footnote{It will still be listed on that date after it has been marked +as done. If you do not like this, set the variable +@code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done}.}. In addition, +a reminder that the scheduled date has passed is present in the +compilation for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked as done, i.e., +the task is automatically forwarded until completed. + +@example +*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve. + SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat> +@end example + +@vindex org-scheduled-delay-days +@vindex org-agenda-skip-scheduled-delay-if-deadline +If you want to @emph{delay} the display of this task in the agenda, use +@samp{SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat -2d>}: the task is still scheduled on +the 25th but will appear two days later. In case the task contains +a repeater, the delay is considered to affect all occurrences; if +you want the delay to only affect the first scheduled occurrence of +the task, use @samp{--2d} instead. See @code{org-scheduled-delay-days} and +@code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-delay-if-deadline} for details on how to +control this globally or per agenda. + +@quotation Important +Scheduling an item in Org mode should @emph{not} be understood in the +same way that we understand @emph{scheduling a meeting}. Setting a date +for a meeting is just a simple appointment, you should mark this +entry with a simple plain timestamp, to get this item shown on the +date where it applies. This is a frequent misunderstanding by Org +users. In Org mode, @emph{scheduling} means setting a date when you want +to start working on an action item. + +@end quotation +@end table + +You may use timestamps with repeaters in scheduling and deadline +entries. Org mode issues early and late warnings based on the +assumption that the timestamp represents the @emph{nearest instance} of the +repeater. However, the use of diary expression entries like + +@example +<%%(diary-float t 42)> +@end example + + +@noindent +in scheduling and deadline timestamps is limited. Org mode does not +know enough about the internals of each function to issue early and +late warnings. However, it shows the item on each day where the +expression entry matches. + +@menu +* Inserting deadline/schedule:: Planning items. +* Repeated tasks:: Items that show up again and again. +@end menu + +@node Inserting deadline/schedule +@subsection Inserting deadlines or schedules + +The following commands allow you to quickly insert a deadline or to +schedule an item:@footnote{The @samp{SCHEDULED} and @samp{DEADLINE} dates are inserted on the line +right below the headline. Do not put any text between this line and +the headline.} + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{org-deadline}) +@kindex C-c C-d +@findex org-deadline +@vindex org-log-redeadline +Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a stamp. The insertion happens +in the line directly following the headline. Remove any @samp{CLOSED} +timestamp . When called with a prefix argument, also remove any +existing deadline from the entry. Depending on the variable +@code{org-log-redeadline}, take a note when changing an existing +deadline@footnote{Note the corresponding @samp{STARTUP} options @samp{logredeadline}, +@samp{lognoteredeadline}, and @samp{nologredeadline}.}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{org-schedule}) +@kindex C-c C-s +@findex org-schedule +@vindex org-log-reschedule +Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp. The insertion +happens in the line directly following the headline. Remove any +@samp{CLOSED} timestamp. When called with a prefix argument, also remove +the scheduling date from the entry. Depending on the variable +@code{org-log-reschedule}, take a note when changing an existing +scheduling time@footnote{Note the corresponding @samp{STARTUP} options @samp{logreschedule}, +@samp{lognotereschedule}, and @samp{nologreschedule}.}. + +@item @kbd{C-c / d} (@code{org-check-deadlines}) +@kindex C-c / d +@findex org-check-deadlines +@cindex sparse tree, for deadlines +@vindex org-deadline-warning-days +Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due, or +which will become due within @code{org-deadline-warning-days}. With +@kbd{C-u} prefix, show all deadlines in the file. With +a numeric prefix, check that many days. For example, @kbd{C-1 C-c / d} shows all deadlines due tomorrow. + +@item @kbd{C-c / b} (@code{org-check-before-date}) +@kindex C-c / b +@findex org-check-before-date +Sparse tree for deadlines and scheduled items before a given date. + +@item @kbd{C-c / a} (@code{org-check-after-date}) +@kindex C-c / a +@findex org-check-after-date +Sparse tree for deadlines and scheduled items after a given date. +@end table + +Note that @code{org-schedule} and @code{org-deadline} supports setting the date +by indicating a relative time e.g., @samp{+1d} sets the date to the next +day after today, and @samp{--1w} sets the date to the previous week before +any current timestamp. + +@node Repeated tasks +@subsection Repeated tasks + +@cindex tasks, repeated +@cindex repeated tasks + +Some tasks need to be repeated again and again. Org mode helps to +organize such tasks using a so-called repeater in a @samp{DEADLINE}, +@samp{SCHEDULED}, or plain timestamps@footnote{Org does not repeat inactive timestamps, however. See +@ref{Timestamps}.}. In the following example: + +@example +** TODO Pay the rent + DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m> +@end example + +@noindent +the @samp{+1m} is a repeater; the intended interpretation is that the task +has a deadline on @samp{<2005-10-01>} and repeats itself every (one) month +starting from that time. You can use yearly, monthly, weekly, daily +and hourly repeat cookies by using the @samp{y}, @samp{m}, @samp{w}, @samp{d} and @samp{h} +letters. If you need both a repeater and a special warning period in +a deadline entry, the repeater should come first and the warning +period last + +@example +DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m -3d> +@end example + + +@vindex org-todo-repeat-to-state +Deadlines and scheduled items produce entries in the agenda when they +are over-due, so it is important to be able to mark such an entry as +done once you have done so. When you mark a @samp{DEADLINE} or +a @samp{SCHEDULED} with the TODO keyword @samp{DONE}, it no longer produces +entries in the agenda. The problem with this is, however, is that +then also the @emph{next} instance of the repeated entry will not be +active. Org mode deals with this in the following way: when you try +to mark such an entry as done, using @kbd{C-c C-t}, it shifts the +base date of the repeating timestamp by the repeater interval, and +immediately sets the entry state back to TODO@footnote{In fact, the target state is taken from, in this sequence, the +@samp{REPEAT_TO_STATE} property, the variable @code{org-todo-repeat-to-state} if +it is a string, the previous TODO state if @code{org-todo-repeat-to-state} +is @code{t}, or the first state of the TODO state sequence.}. In the example +above, setting the state to @samp{DONE} would actually switch the date like +this: + +@example +** TODO Pay the rent + DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue +1m> +@end example + +To mark a task with a repeater as DONE, use @kbd{C-- 1 C-c C-t}, +i.e., @code{org-todo} with a numeric prefix argument of @samp{-1}. + +@vindex org-log-repeat +A timestamp@footnote{You can change this using the option @code{org-log-repeat}, or the +@samp{STARTUP} options @samp{logrepeat}, @samp{lognoterepeat}, and @samp{nologrepeat}. +With @samp{lognoterepeat}, you will also be prompted for a note.} is added under the deadline, to keep a record that +you actually acted on the previous instance of this deadline. + +As a consequence of shifting the base date, this entry is no longer +visible in the agenda when checking past dates, but all future +instances will be visible. + +With the @samp{+1m} cookie, the date shift is always exactly one month. So +if you have not paid the rent for three months, marking this entry +DONE still keeps it as an overdue deadline. Depending on the task, +this may not be the best way to handle it. For example, if you forgot +to call your father for 3 weeks, it does not make sense to call him +3 times in a single day to make up for it. Finally, there are tasks, +like changing batteries, which should always repeat a certain time +@emph{after} the last time you did it. For these tasks, Org mode has +special repeaters @samp{++} and @samp{.+}. For example: + +@example +** TODO Call Father + DEADLINE: <2008-02-10 Sun ++1w> + Marking this DONE shifts the date by at least one week, but also + by as many weeks as it takes to get this date into the future. + However, it stays on a Sunday, even if you called and marked it + done on Saturday. + +** TODO Empty kitchen trash + DEADLINE: <2008-02-08 Fri 20:00 ++1d> + Marking this DONE shifts the date by at least one day, and also + by as many days as it takes to get the timestamp into the future. + Since there is a time in the timestamp, the next deadline in the + future will be on today's date if you complete the task before + 20:00. + +** TODO Check the batteries in the smoke detectors + DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue .+1m> + Marking this DONE shifts the date to one month after today. + +** TODO Wash my hands + DEADLINE: <2019-04-05 08:00 Sun .+1h> + Marking this DONE shifts the date to exactly one hour from now. +@end example + +@vindex org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-deadline-is-shown +You may have both scheduling and deadline information for a specific +task. If the repeater is set for the scheduling information only, you +probably want the repeater to be ignored after the deadline. If so, +set the variable @code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-deadline-is-shown} to +@code{repeated-after-deadline}. However, any scheduling information +without a repeater is no longer relevant once the task is done, and +thus, removed upon repeating the task. If you want both scheduling +and deadline information to repeat after the same interval, set the +same repeater for both timestamps. + +An alternative to using a repeater is to create a number of copies of +a task subtree, with dates shifted in each copy. The command +@kbd{C-c C-x c} was created for this purpose; it is described in +@ref{Structure Editing}. + +@node Clocking Work Time +@section Clocking Work Time + +@cindex clocking time +@cindex time clocking + +Org mode allows you to clock the time you spend on specific tasks in +a project. When you start working on an item, you can start the +clock. When you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task +done, the clock is stopped and the corresponding time interval is +recorded. It also computes the total time spent on each +subtree@footnote{Clocking only works if all headings are indented with less +than 30 stars. This is a hard-coded limitation of @code{lmax} in +@code{org-clock-sum}.} of a project. And it remembers a history or tasks +recently clocked, so that you can jump quickly between a number of +tasks absorbing your time. + +To save the clock history across Emacs sessions, use: + +@lisp +(setq org-clock-persist 'history) +(org-clock-persistence-insinuate) +@end lisp + +@vindex org-clock-persist +When you clock into a new task after resuming Emacs, the incomplete +clock@footnote{To resume the clock under the assumption that you have worked +on this task while outside Emacs, use @samp{(setq org-clock-persist t)}.} is retrieved (see @ref{Resolving idle time (1)}) and you are +prompted about what to do with it. + +@menu +* Clocking commands:: Starting and stopping a clock. +* The clock table:: Detailed reports. +* Resolving idle time:: Resolving time when you've been idle. +@end menu + +@node Clocking commands +@subsection Clocking commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-i} (@code{org-clock-in}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-i +@findex org-clock-in +@vindex org-clock-into-drawer +@vindex org-clock-continuously +@cindex @samp{LOG_INTO_DRAWER}, property +Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the +@samp{CLOCK} keyword together with a timestamp. If this is not the first +clocking of this item, the multiple @samp{CLOCK} lines are wrapped into +a @samp{LOGBOOK} drawer (see also the variable @code{org-clock-into-drawer}). +You can also overrule the setting of this variable for a subtree by +setting a @samp{CLOCK_INTO_DRAWER} or @samp{LOG_INTO_DRAWER} property. When +called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, select the task from +a list of recently clocked tasks. With two @kbd{C-u C-u} +prefixes, clock into the task at point and mark it as the default +task; the default task is always be available with letter +@kbd{d} when selecting a clocking task. With three @kbd{C-u C-u C-u} prefixes, force continuous clocking by starting the +clock when the last clock stopped. + +@cindex @samp{CLOCK_MODELINE_TOTAL}, property +@cindex @samp{LAST_REPEAT}, property +@vindex org-clock-mode-line-total +@vindex org-clock-in-prepare-hook +While the clock is running, Org shows the current clocking time in +the mode line, along with the title of the task. The clock time +shown is all time ever clocked for this task and its children. If +the task has an effort estimate (see @ref{Effort Estimates}), the mode +line displays the current clocking time against it@footnote{To add an effort estimate ``on the fly'', hook a function doing +this to @code{org-clock-in-prepare-hook}.}. If the +task is a repeating one (see @ref{Repeated tasks}), show only the time +since the last reset of the task@footnote{The last reset of the task is recorded by the @samp{LAST_REPEAT} +property.}. You can exercise more +control over show time with the @samp{CLOCK_MODELINE_TOTAL} property. It +may have the values @samp{current} to show only the current clocking +instance, @samp{today} to show all time clocked on this tasks today---see +also the variable @code{org-extend-today-until}, @code{all} to include all +time, or @code{auto} which is the default@footnote{See also the variable @code{org-clock-mode-line-total}.}. Clicking with +@kbd{mouse-1} onto the mode line entry pops up a menu with +clocking options. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-o} (@code{org-clock-out}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-o +@findex org-clock-out +@vindex org-log-note-clock-out +Stop the clock (clock-out). This inserts another timestamp at the +same location where the clock was last started. It also directly +computes the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as +@samp{=>HH:MM}. See the variable @code{org-log-note-clock-out} for the +possibility to record an additional note together with the clock-out +timestamp@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is: @samp{#+STARTUP: +lognoteclock-out}.}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-x} (@code{org-clock-in-last}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-x +@findex org-clock-in-last +@vindex org-clock-continuously +Re-clock the last clocked task. With one @kbd{C-u} prefix +argument, select the task from the clock history. With two +@kbd{C-u} prefixes, force continuous clocking by starting the +clock when the last clock stopped. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-e} (@code{org-clock-modify-effort-estimate}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-e +@findex org-clock-modify-effort-estimate +Update the effort estimate for the current clock task. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{C-c C-y} (@code{org-evaluate-time-range}) +@kindex C-c C-c +@kindex C-c C-y +@findex org-evaluate-time-range +Recompute the time interval after changing one of the timestamps. +This is only necessary if you edit the timestamps directly. If you +change them with @kbd{S-} keys, the update is +automatic. + +@item @kbd{C-S-@key{UP}} (@code{org-clock-timestamps-up}) +@itemx @kbd{C-S-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-clock-timestamps-down}) +@kindex C-S-UP +@findex org-clock-timestamps-up +@kindex C-S-DOWN +@findex org-clock-timestamps-down +On CLOCK log lines, increase/decrease both timestamps so that the +clock duration keeps the same value. + +@item @kbd{S-M-@key{UP}} (@code{org-timestamp-up}) +@itemx @kbd{S-M-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-timestamp-down}) +@kindex S-M-UP +@findex org-clock-timestamp-up +@kindex S-M-DOWN +@findex org-clock-timestamp-down +On @samp{CLOCK} log lines, increase/decrease the timestamp at point and +the one of the previous, or the next, clock timestamp by the same +duration. For example, if you hit @kbd{S-M-@key{UP}} to increase +a clocked-out timestamp by five minutes, then the clocked-in +timestamp of the next clock is increased by five minutes. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-t} (@code{org-todo}) +@kindex C-c C-t +@findex org-todo +Changing the TODO state of an item to DONE automatically stops the +clock if it is running in this same item. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-q} (@code{org-clock-cancel}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-q +@findex org-clock-cancel +Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by +mistake, or if you ended up working on something else. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-j} (@code{org-clock-goto}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-j +@findex or-clock-goto +Jump to the headline of the currently clocked in task. With +a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, select the target task from a list +of recently clocked tasks. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-d} (@code{org-clock-display}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-d +@findex org-clock-display +@vindex org-remove-highlights-with-change +Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer. This +puts overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total time +recorded under that heading, including the time of any subheadings. +You can use visibility cycling to study the tree, but the overlays +disappear when you change the buffer (see variable +@code{org-remove-highlights-with-change}) or press @kbd{C-c C-c}. +@end table + +The @kbd{l} key may be used in the agenda (see @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}) to show which tasks have been worked on or closed during +a day. + +@strong{Important:} note that both @code{org-clock-out} and @code{org-clock-in-last} +can have a global keybinding and do not modify the window disposition. + +@node The clock table +@subsection The clock table + +@cindex clocktable, dynamic block +@cindex report, of clocked time + +Org mode can produce quite complex reports based on the time clocking +information. Such a report is called a @emph{clock table}, because it is +formatted as one or several Org tables. + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-clock-report} +@kindex C-c C-x x +@findex org-clock-report +Insert or update a clock table. When called with a prefix argument, +jump to the first clock table in the current document and update it. +The clock table includes archived trees. + +This command can be invoked by calling +@code{org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock} (@kbd{C-c C-x x}) and +selecting ``clocktable'' (see @ref{Dynamic Blocks}). + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{C-c C-x C-u} (@code{org-dblock-update}) +@kindex C-c C-c +@kindex C-c C-x C-u +@findex org-dblock-update +Update dynamic block at point. Point needs to be in the @samp{BEGIN} +line of the dynamic block. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-x C-u} +@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u +Update all dynamic blocks (see @ref{Dynamic Blocks}). This is useful if +you have several clock table blocks in a buffer. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-clocktable-try-shift}) +@kindex S-LEFT +@kindex S-RIGHT +@findex org-clocktable-try-shift +Shift the current @samp{:block} interval and update the table. Point +needs to be in the @samp{#+BEGIN: clocktable} line for this command. If +@samp{:block} is @samp{today}, it is shifted to @samp{today-1}, etc. +@end table + +Here is an example of the frame for a clock table as it is inserted +into the buffer by @code{org-clock-report}: + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN clocktable} +@example +#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil :scope file +#+END: clocktable +@end example + +@vindex org-clocktable-defaults +The @samp{#+BEGIN} line contains options to define the scope, structure, +and formatting of the report. Defaults for all these options can be +configured in the variable @code{org-clocktable-defaults}. + +First there are options that determine which clock entries are to +be selected: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{:maxlevel} +Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table. Clocks +at deeper levels are summed into the upper level. + +@item @samp{:scope} +The scope to consider. This can be any of the following: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{nil} +@tab the current buffer or narrowed region +@item @samp{file} +@tab the full current buffer +@item @samp{subtree} +@tab the subtree where the clocktable is located +@item @samp{treeN} +@tab the surrounding level N tree, for example @samp{tree3} +@item @samp{tree} +@tab the surrounding level 1 tree +@item @samp{agenda} +@tab all agenda files +@item @samp{("file" ...)} +@tab scan these files +@item @samp{FUNCTION} +@tab scan files returned by calling @var{FUNCTION} with no argument +@item @samp{file-with-archives} +@tab current file and its archives +@item @samp{agenda-with-archives} +@tab all agenda files, including archives +@end multitable + +@item @samp{:block} +The time block to consider. This block is specified either +absolutely, or relative to the current time and may be any of these +formats: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{2007-12-31} +@tab New year eve 2007 +@item @samp{2007-12} +@tab December 2007 +@item @samp{2007-W50} +@tab ISO-week 50 in 2007 +@item @samp{2007-Q2} +@tab 2nd quarter in 2007 +@item @samp{2007} +@tab the year 2007 +@item @samp{today}, @samp{yesterday}, @samp{today-N} +@tab a relative day +@item @samp{thisweek}, @samp{lastweek}, @samp{thisweek-N} +@tab a relative week +@item @samp{thismonth}, @samp{lastmonth}, @samp{thismonth-N} +@tab a relative month +@item @samp{thisyear}, @samp{lastyear}, @samp{thisyear-N} +@tab a relative year +@item @samp{untilnow}@footnote{When using @code{:step}, @code{untilnow} starts from the beginning of +2003, not the beginning of time.} +@tab all clocked time ever +@end multitable + +@vindex org-clock-display-default-range +When this option is not set, Org falls back to the value in +@code{org-clock-display-default-range}, which defaults to the current +year. + +Use @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} or @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} to shift the time +interval. + +@item @samp{:tstart} +A time string specifying when to start considering times. Relative +times like @samp{"<-2w>"} can also be used. See @ref{Matching tags and properties} for relative time syntax. + +@item @samp{:tend} +A time string specifying when to stop considering times. Relative +times like @samp{""} can also be used. See @ref{Matching tags and properties} for relative time syntax. + +@item @samp{:wstart} +The starting day of the week. The default is 1 for Monday. + +@item @samp{:mstart} +The starting day of the month. The default is 1 for the first. + +@item @samp{:step} +Set to @samp{day}, @samp{week}, @samp{semimonth}, @samp{month}, or @samp{year} to split the +table into chunks. To use this, either @samp{:block}, or @samp{:tstart} and +@samp{:tend} are required. + +@item @samp{:stepskip0} +When non-@code{nil}, do not show steps that have zero time. + +@item @samp{:fileskip0} +When non-@code{nil}, do not show table sections from files which did not +contribute. + +@item @samp{:match} +A tags match to select entries that should contribute. See +@ref{Matching tags and properties} for the match syntax. +@end table + +@findex org-clocktable-write-default +Then there are options that determine the formatting of the table. +There options are interpreted by the function +@code{org-clocktable-write-default}, but you can specify your own function +using the @samp{:formatter} parameter. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{:emphasize} +When non-@code{nil}, emphasize level one and level two items. + +@item @samp{:lang} +Language@footnote{Language terms can be set through the variable +@code{org-clock-clocktable-language-setup}.} to use for descriptive cells like ``Task''. + +@item @samp{:link} +Link the item headlines in the table to their origins. + +@item @samp{:narrow} +An integer to limit the width of the headline column in the Org +table. If you write it like @samp{50!}, then the headline is also +shortened in export. + +@item @samp{:indent} +Indent each headline field according to its level. + +@item @samp{:hidefiles} +Hide the file column when multiple files are used to produce the +table. + +@item @samp{:tcolumns} +Number of columns to be used for times. If this is smaller than +@samp{:maxlevel}, lower levels are lumped into one column. + +@item @samp{:level} +Should a level number column be included? + +@item @samp{:sort} +A cons cell containing the column to sort and a sorting type. E.g., +@samp{:sort (1 . ?a)} sorts the first column alphabetically. + +@item @samp{:compact} +Abbreviation for @samp{:level nil :indent t :narrow 40! :tcolumns 1}. +All are overwritten except if there is an explicit @samp{:narrow}. + +@item @samp{:timestamp} +A timestamp for the entry, when available. Look for @samp{SCHEDULED}, +@samp{DEADLINE}, @samp{TIMESTAMP} and @samp{TIMESTAMP_IA} special properties (see +@ref{Special Properties}), in this order. + +@item @samp{:tags} +When this flag is non-@code{nil}, show the headline's tags. + +@item @samp{:properties} +List of properties shown in the table. Each property gets its own +column. + +@item @samp{:inherit-props} +When this flag is non-@code{nil}, the values for @samp{:properties} are +inherited. + +@item @samp{:formula} +Content of a @samp{TBLFM} keyword to be added and evaluated. As +a special case, @samp{:formula %} adds a column with % time. If you do +not specify a formula here, any existing formula below the clock +table survives updates and is evaluated. + +@item @samp{:formatter} +A function to format clock data and insert it into the buffer. +@end table + +To get a clock summary of the current level 1 tree, for the current +day, you could write: + +@example +#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today :scope tree1 :link t +#+END: clocktable +@end example + +@noindent +To use a specific time range you could write@footnote{Note that all parameters must be specified in a single +line---the line is broken here only to fit it into the manual.} + +@example +#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>" + :tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>" +#+END: clocktable +@end example + +@noindent +A range starting a week ago and ending right now could be written as + +@example +#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<-1w>" :tend "" +#+END: clocktable +@end example + +@noindent +A summary of the current subtree with % times would be + +@example +#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope subtree :link t :formula % +#+END: clocktable +@end example + +@noindent +A horizontally compact representation of everything clocked during +last week would be + +@example +#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope agenda :block lastweek :compact t +#+END: clocktable +@end example + +@node Resolving idle time +@subsection Resolving idle time and continuous clocking + + + +@anchor{Resolving idle time (1)} +@subsubheading Resolving idle time + +@cindex resolve idle time +@cindex idle, resolve, dangling + +If you clock in on a work item, and then walk away from your +computer---perhaps to take a phone call---you often need to +``resolve'' the time you were away by either subtracting it from the +current clock, or applying it to another one. + +@vindex org-clock-idle-time +@vindex org-clock-x11idle-program-name +By customizing the variable @code{org-clock-idle-time} to some integer, +such as 10 or 15, Emacs can alert you when you get back to your +computer after being idle for that many minutes@footnote{On computers using macOS, idleness is based on actual user +idleness, not just Emacs' idle time. For X11, you can install a +utility program @samp{x11idle.c}, available in the @samp{org-contrib/} +repository, or install the xprintidle package and set it to the +variable @code{org-clock-x11idle-program-name} if you are running Debian, +to get the same general treatment of idleness. On other systems, idle +time refers to Emacs idle time only.}, and ask what +you want to do with the idle time. There will be a question waiting +for you when you get back, indicating how much idle time has passed +constantly updated with the current amount, as well as a set of +choices to correct the discrepancy: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{k} +@kindex k +To keep some or all of the minutes and stay clocked in, press +@kbd{k}. Org asks how many of the minutes to keep. Press +@kbd{@key{RET}} to keep them all, effectively changing nothing, or +enter a number to keep that many minutes. + +@item @kbd{K} +@kindex K +If you use the shift key and press @kbd{K}, it keeps however +many minutes you request and then immediately clock out of that +task. If you keep all of the minutes, this is the same as just +clocking out of the current task. + +@item @kbd{s} +@kindex s +To keep none of the minutes, use @kbd{s} to subtract all the +away time from the clock, and then check back in from the moment you +returned. + +@item @kbd{S} +@kindex S +To keep none of the minutes and just clock out at the start of the +away time, use the shift key and press @kbd{S}. Remember that +using shift always leave you clocked out, no matter which option you +choose. + +@item @kbd{C} +@kindex C +To cancel the clock altogether, use @kbd{C}. Note that if +instead of canceling you subtract the away time, and the resulting +clock amount is less than a minute, the clock is still canceled +rather than cluttering up the log with an empty entry. +@end table + +What if you subtracted those away minutes from the current clock, and +now want to apply them to a new clock? Simply clock in to any task +immediately after the subtraction. Org will notice that you have +subtracted time ``on the books'', so to speak, and will ask if you want +to apply those minutes to the next task you clock in on. + +There is one other instance when this clock resolution magic occurs. +Say you were clocked in and hacking away, and suddenly your cat chased +a mouse who scared a hamster that crashed into your UPS's power +button! You suddenly lose all your buffers, but thanks to auto-save +you still have your recent Org mode changes, including your last clock +in. + +If you restart Emacs and clock into any task, Org will notice that you +have a dangling clock which was never clocked out from your last +session. Using that clock's starting time as the beginning of the +unaccounted-for period, Org will ask how you want to resolve that +time. The logic and behavior is identical to dealing with away time +due to idleness; it is just happening due to a recovery event rather +than a set amount of idle time. + +You can also check all the files visited by your Org agenda for +dangling clocks at any time using @kbd{M-x org-resolve-clocks @key{RET}} (or @kbd{C-c C-x C-z}). + +@anchor{Continuous clocking} +@subsubheading Continuous clocking + +@cindex continuous clocking + +@vindex org-clock-continuously +You may want to start clocking from the time when you clocked out the +previous task. To enable this systematically, set +@code{org-clock-continuously} to non-@code{nil}. Each time you clock in, Org +retrieves the clock-out time of the last clocked entry for this +session, and start the new clock from there. + +If you only want this from time to time, use three universal prefix +arguments with @code{org-clock-in} and two @kbd{C-u C-u} with +@code{org-clock-in-last}. + +@anchor{Clocking out automatically after some idle time} +@subsubheading Clocking out automatically after some idle time + +@cindex auto clocking out after idle time + +@vindex org-clock-auto-clockout-timer +When you often forget to clock out before being idle and you don't +want to manually set the clocking time to take into account, you can +set @code{org-clock-auto-clockout-timer} to a number of seconds and add +@samp{(org-clock-auto-clockout-insinuate)} to your @samp{.emacs} file. + +When the clock is running and Emacs is idle for more than this number +of seconds, the clock will be clocked out automatically. + +Use @samp{M-x org-clock-toggle-auto-clockout RET} to temporarily turn this +on or off. + +@node Effort Estimates +@section Effort Estimates + +@cindex effort estimates +@cindex @samp{EFFORT}, property +@vindex org-effort-property + +If you want to plan your work in a very detailed way, or if you need +to produce offers with quotations of the estimated work effort, you +may want to assign effort estimates to entries. If you are also +clocking your work, you may later want to compare the planned effort +with the actual working time, a great way to improve planning +estimates. + +Effort estimates are stored in a special property @samp{EFFORT}. Multiple +formats are supported, such as @samp{3:12}, @samp{1:23:45}, or @samp{1d3h5min}; see +the file @samp{org-duration.el} for more detailed information about the +format. + +You can set the effort for an entry with the following commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x e} (@code{org-set-effort}) +@kindex C-c C-x e +@findex org-set-effort +Set the effort estimate for the current entry. With a prefix +argument, set it to the next allowed value---see below. This +command is also accessible from the agenda with the @kbd{e} +key. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-e} (@code{org-clock-modify-effort-estimate}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-e +@findex org-clock-modify-effort-estimate +Modify the effort estimate of the item currently being clocked. +@end table + +Clearly the best way to work with effort estimates is through column +view (see @ref{Column View}). You should start by setting up discrete +values for effort estimates, and a @samp{COLUMNS} format that displays +these values together with clock sums---if you want to clock your +time. For a specific buffer you can use: + +@example +#+PROPERTY: Effort_ALL 0 0:10 0:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 +#+COLUMNS: %40ITEM(Task) %17Effort(Estimated Effort)@{:@} %CLOCKSUM +@end example + +@noindent +@vindex org-global-properties +@vindex org-columns-default-format +or, even better, you can set up these values globally by customizing +the variables @code{org-global-properties} and +@code{org-columns-default-format}. In particular if you want to use this +setup also in the agenda, a global setup may be advised. + +The way to assign estimates to individual items is then to switch to +column mode, and to use @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} and @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} to +change the value. The values you enter are immediately summed up in +the hierarchy. In the column next to it, any clocked time is +displayed. + +@vindex org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum +If you switch to column view in the daily/weekly agenda, the effort +column summarizes the estimated work effort for each day@footnote{Please note the pitfalls of summing hierarchical data in +a flat list (see @ref{Agenda Column View}).}, and +you can use this to find space in your schedule. To get an overview +of the entire part of the day that is committed, you can set the +option @code{org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum}. The +appointments on a day that take place over a specified time interval +are then also added to the load estimate of the day. + +Effort estimates can be used in secondary agenda filtering that is +triggered with the @kbd{/} key in the agenda (see @ref{Agenda Commands}). If you have these estimates defined consistently, +two or three key presses narrow down the list to stuff that fits into +an available time slot. + +@node Timers +@section Taking Notes with a Relative Timer + +@cindex relative timer +@cindex countdown timer + +Org provides two types of timers. There is a relative timer that +counts up, which can be useful when taking notes during, for example, +a meeting or a video viewing. There is also a countdown timer. + +The relative and countdown are started with separate commands. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x 0} (@code{org-timer-start}) +@kindex C-c C-x 0 +@findex org-timer-start +Start or reset the relative timer. By default, the timer is set +to 0. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, prompt the user for +a starting offset. If there is a timer string at point, this is +taken as the default, providing a convenient way to restart taking +notes after a break in the process. When called with a double +prefix argument @kbd{C-u C-u}, change all timer strings in the +active region by a certain amount. This can be used to fix timer +strings if the timer was not started at exactly the right moment. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x ;} (@code{org-timer-set-timer}) +@kindex C-c C-x ; +@findex org-timer-set-timer +@vindex org-timer-default-timer +Start a countdown timer. The user is prompted for a duration. +@code{org-timer-default-timer} sets the default countdown value. Giving +a numeric prefix argument overrides this default value. This +command is available as @kbd{;} in agenda buffers. +@end table + +Once started, relative and countdown timers are controlled with the +same commands. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x .} (@code{org-timer}) +@kindex C-c C-x . +@findex org-timer +Insert a relative time into the buffer. The first time you use +this, the timer starts. Using a prefix argument restarts it. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x -} (@code{org-timer-item}) +@kindex C-c C-x - +@findex org-timer-item +Insert a description list item with the current relative time. With +a prefix argument, first reset the timer to 0. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} (@code{org-insert-heading}) +@kindex M-RET +@findex org-insert-heading +Once the timer list is started, you can also use @kbd{M-@key{RET}} to +insert new timer items. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x ,} (@code{org-timer-pause-or-continue}) +@kindex C-c C-x , +@findex org-timer-pause-or-continue +Pause the timer, or continue it if it is already paused. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x _} (@code{org-timer-stop}) +@kindex C-c C-x _ +@findex org-timer-stop +Stop the timer. After this, you can only start a new timer, not +continue the old one. This command also removes the timer from the +mode line. +@end table + +@node Refiling and Archiving +@chapter Refiling and Archiving + +@cindex refiling notes +@cindex copying notes +@cindex archiving + +Once information is in the system, it may need to be moved around. +Org provides Refile, Copy and Archive commands for this. Refile and +Copy helps with moving and copying outlines. Archiving helps to keep +the system compact and fast. + +@menu +* Refile and Copy:: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another. +* Archiving:: What to do with finished products. +@end menu + +@node Refile and Copy +@section Refile and Copy + +@cindex refiling notes +@cindex copying notes + +When reviewing the captured data, you may want to refile or to copy +some of the entries into a different list, for example into a project. +Cutting, finding the right location, and then pasting the note is +cumbersome. To simplify this process, you can use the following +special command: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-w} (@code{org-refile}) +@kindex C-c C-w +@findex org-refile +@vindex org-reverse-note-order +@vindex org-refile-targets +@vindex org-refile-use-outline-path +@vindex org-outline-path-complete-in-steps +@vindex org-refile-allow-creating-parent-nodes +@vindex org-log-refile +Refile the entry or region at point. This command offers possible +locations for refiling the entry and lets you select one with +completion. The item (or all items in the region) is filed below +the target heading as a subitem. Depending on +@code{org-reverse-note-order}, it is either the first or last subitem. + +By default, all level 1 headlines in the current buffer are +considered to be targets, but you can have more complex definitions +across a number of files. See the variable @code{org-refile-targets} for +details. If you would like to select a location via +a file-path-like completion along the outline path, see the +variables @code{org-refile-use-outline-path} and +@code{org-outline-path-complete-in-steps}. If you would like to be able +to create new nodes as new parents for refiling on the fly, check +the variable @code{org-refile-allow-creating-parent-nodes}. When the +variable @code{org-log-refile}@footnote{Note the corresponding @samp{STARTUP} options @samp{logrefile}, +@samp{lognoterefile}, and @samp{nologrefile}.} is set, a timestamp or a note is +recorded whenever an entry is refiled. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-w} +@kindex C-u C-c C-w +Use the refile interface to jump to a heading. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-w} (@code{org-refile-goto-last-stored}) +@kindex C-u C-u C-c C-w +@findex org-refile-goto-last-stored +Jump to the location where @code{org-refile} last moved a tree to. + +@item @kbd{C-2 C-c C-w} +@kindex C-2 C-c C-w +Refile as the child of the item currently being clocked. + +@item @kbd{C-3 C-c C-w} +@kindex C-3 C-c C-w +@vindex org-refile-keep +Refile and keep the entry in place. Also see @code{org-refile-keep} to +make this the default behavior, and beware that this may result in +duplicated @samp{ID} properties. + +@item @kbd{C-0 C-c C-w} or @kbd{C-u C-u C-u C-c C-w} (@code{org-refile-cache-clear}) +@kindex C-u C-u C-u C-c C-w +@kindex C-0 C-c C-w +@findex org-refile-cache-clear +@vindex org-refile-use-cache +Clear the target cache. Caching of refile targets can be turned on +by setting @code{org-refile-use-cache}. To make the command see new +possible targets, you have to clear the cache with this command. + +@item @kbd{C-c M-w} (@code{org-refile-copy}) +@kindex C-c M-w +@findex org-refile-copy +Copying works like refiling, except that the original note is not +deleted. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-M-w} (@code{org-refile-reverse}) +@kindex C-c C-M-w +@findex org-refile-reverse +Works like refiling, except that it temporarily toggles how the +value of @code{org-reverse-note-order} applies to the current buffer. So +if @code{org-refile} would append the entry as the last entry under the +target header, @code{org-refile-reverse} will prepend it as the first +entry, and vice-versa. +@end table + +@node Archiving +@section Archiving + +@cindex archiving + +When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want to +move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the +agenda. Archiving is important to keep your working files compact and +global searches like the construction of agenda views fast. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-a} (@code{org-archive-subtree-default}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-a +@findex org-archive-subtree-default +@vindex org-archive-default-command +Archive the current entry using the command specified in the +variable @code{org-archive-default-command}. +@end table + +@menu +* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file. +* Internal archiving:: Switch off a tree but keep it in the file. +@end menu + +@node Moving subtrees +@subsection Moving a tree to an archive file + +@cindex external archiving + +The most common archiving action is to move a project tree to another +file, the archive file. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-s} or short @kbd{C-c $} (@code{org-archive-subtree}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-s +@kindex C-c $ +@findex org-archive-subtree +@vindex org-archive-location +Archive the subtree starting at point position to the location given +by @code{org-archive-location}. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-x C-s} +@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-s +Check if any direct children of the current headline could be moved +to the archive. To do this, check each subtree for open TODO +entries. If none is found, the command offers to move it to the +archive location. If point is @emph{not} on a headline when this command +is invoked, check level 1 trees. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-x C-s} +@kindex C-u C-u C-c C-x C-s +As above, but check subtree for timestamps instead of TODO entries. +The command offers to archive the subtree if it @emph{does} contain +a timestamp, and that timestamp is in the past. +@end table + +@cindex archive locations +The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the +current file, with the name derived by appending @samp{_archive} to the +current file name. You can also choose what heading to file archived +items under, with the possibility to add them to a datetree in a file. +For information and examples on how to specify the file and the +heading, see the documentation string of the variable +@code{org-archive-location}. + +There is also an in-buffer option for setting this variable, for +example: + +@cindex @samp{ARCHIVE}, keyword +@example +#+ARCHIVE: %s_done:: +@end example + + +@cindex ARCHIVE, property +If you would like to have a special archive location for a single +entry or a (sub)tree, give the entry an @samp{ARCHIVE} property with the +location as the value (see @ref{Properties and Columns}). + +@vindex org-archive-save-context-info +When a subtree is moved, it receives a number of special properties +that record context information like the file from where the entry +came, its outline path the archiving time etc. Configure the variable +@code{org-archive-save-context-info} to adjust the amount of information +added. + +@vindex org-archive-subtree-save-file-p +When @code{org-archive-subtree-save-file-p} is non-@code{nil}, save the target +archive buffer. + +@node Internal archiving +@subsection Internal archiving + +@cindex @samp{ARCHIVE}, tag +If you want to just switch off---for agenda views---certain subtrees +without moving them to a different file, you can use the @samp{ARCHIVE} +tag. + +A headline that is marked with the @samp{ARCHIVE} tag (see @ref{Tags}) stays at +its location in the outline tree, but behaves in the following way: + +@itemize +@item +@vindex org-cycle-open-archived-trees +It does not open when you attempt to do so with a visibility cycling +command (see @ref{Visibility Cycling}). You can force cycling archived +subtrees with @kbd{C-@key{TAB}}, or by setting the option +@code{org-cycle-open-archived-trees}. Also normal outline commands, like +@code{outline-show-all}, open archived subtrees. + +@item +@vindex org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees +During sparse tree construction (see @ref{Sparse Trees}), matches in +archived subtrees are not exposed, unless you configure the option +@code{org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees}. + +@item +@vindex org-agenda-skip-archived-trees +During agenda view construction (see @ref{Agenda Views}), the content of +archived trees is ignored unless you configure the option +@code{org-agenda-skip-archived-trees}, in which case these trees are +always included. In the agenda you can press @kbd{v a} to get +archives temporarily included. + +@item +@vindex org-export-with-archived-trees +Archived trees are not exported (see @ref{Exporting}), only the headline +is. Configure the details using the variable +@code{org-export-with-archived-trees}. + +@item +@vindex org-columns-skip-archived-trees +Archived trees are excluded from column view unless the variable +@code{org-columns-skip-archived-trees} is configured to @code{nil}. +@end itemize + +The following commands help manage the @samp{ARCHIVE} tag: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x a} (@code{org-toggle-archive-tag}) +@kindex C-c C-x a +@findex org-toggle-archive-tag +Toggle the archive tag for the current headline. When the tag is +set, the headline changes to a shadowed face, and the subtree below +it is hidden. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-x a} +@kindex C-u C-c C-x a +Check if any direct children of the current headline should be +archived. To do this, check each subtree for open TODO entries. If +none is found, the command offers to set the @samp{ARCHIVE} tag for the +child. If point is @emph{not} on a headline when this command is +invoked, check the level 1 trees. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-@key{TAB}} (@code{org-force-cycle-archived}) +@kindex C-TAB +Cycle a tree even if it is tagged with @samp{ARCHIVE}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x A} (@code{org-archive-to-archive-sibling}) +@kindex C-c C-x A +@findex org-archive-to-archive-sibling +Move the current entry to the @emph{Archive Sibling}. This is a sibling +of the entry with the heading @samp{Archive} and the archive tag. The +entry becomes a child of that sibling and in this way retains a lot +of its original context, including inherited tags and approximate +position in the outline. +@end table + +@node Capture and Attachments +@chapter Capture and Attachments + +@cindex capture +@cindex attachments +@cindex RSS feeds +@cindex Atom feeds +@cindex protocols, for external access + +An important part of any organization system is the ability to quickly +capture new ideas and tasks, and to associate reference material with +them. Org does this using a process called @emph{capture}. It also can +store files related to a task (@emph{attachments}) in a special directory. +Finally, it can parse RSS feeds for information. To learn how to let +external programs (for example a web browser) trigger Org to capture +material, see @ref{Protocols}. + +@menu +* Capture:: Capturing new stuff. +* Attachments:: Attach files to outlines. +* RSS Feeds:: Getting input from RSS feeds. +@end menu + +@node Capture +@section Capture + +@cindex capture + +Capture lets you quickly store notes with little interruption of your +work flow. Org's method for capturing new items is heavily inspired +by John Wiegley's excellent Remember package. + +@menu +* Setting up capture:: Where notes will be stored. +* Using capture:: Commands to invoke and terminate capture. +* Capture templates:: Define the outline of different note types. +@end menu + +@node Setting up capture +@subsection Setting up capture + +The following customization sets a default target file for notes. + +@vindex org-default-notes-file +@lisp +(setq org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/notes.org")) +@end lisp + +You may also define a global key for capturing new material (see +@ref{Activation}). + +@node Using capture +@subsection Using capture + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-capture} (@code{org-capture}) +@findex org-capture +@cindex date tree +Display the capture templates menu. If you have templates defined +(see @ref{Capture templates}), it offers these templates for selection or +use a new Org outline node as the default template. It inserts the +template into the target file and switch to an indirect buffer +narrowed to this new node. You may then insert the information you +want. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{org-capture-finalize}) +@kindex C-c C-c @r{(Capture buffer)} +@findex org-capture-finalize +Once you have finished entering information into the capture buffer, +@kbd{C-c C-c} returns you to the window configuration before +the capture process, so that you can resume your work without +further distraction. When called with a prefix argument, finalize +and then jump to the captured item. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-w} (@code{org-capture-refile}) +@kindex C-c C-w @r{(Capture buffer)} +@findex org-capture-refile +Finalize the capture process by refiling the note to a different +place (see @ref{Refile and Copy}). Please realize that this is a normal +refiling command that will be executed---so point position at the +moment you run this command is important. If you have inserted +a tree with a parent and children, first move point back to the +parent. Any prefix argument given to this command is passed on to +the @code{org-refile} command. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{org-capture-kill}) +@kindex C-c C-k @r{(Capture buffer)} +@findex org-capture-kill +Abort the capture process and return to the previous state. +@end table + +@kindex k c @r{(Agenda)} +You can also call @code{org-capture} in a special way from the agenda, +using the @kbd{k c} key combination. With this access, any +timestamps inserted by the selected capture template defaults to the +date at point in the agenda, rather than to the current date. + +To find the locations of the last stored capture, use @code{org-capture} +with prefix commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-u M-x org-capture} +Visit the target location of a capture template. You get to select +the template in the usual way. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u M-x org-capture} +Visit the last stored capture item in its buffer. +@end table + +@vindex org-capture-bookmark +@vindex org-capture-last-stored +You can also jump to the bookmark @code{org-capture-last-stored}, which is +automatically created unless you set @code{org-capture-bookmark} to @code{nil}. + +To insert the capture at point in an Org buffer, call @code{org-capture} +with a @kbd{C-0} prefix argument. + +@node Capture templates +@subsection Capture templates + +@cindex templates, for Capture + +You can use templates for different types of capture items, and for +different target locations. The easiest way to create such templates +is through the customize interface. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C} +@kindex C @r{(Capture menu} +@vindex org-capture-templates +Customize the variable @code{org-capture-templates}. +@end table + +Before we give the formal description of template definitions, let's +look at an example. Say you would like to use one template to create +general TODO entries, and you want to put these entries under the +heading @samp{Tasks} in your file @samp{~/org/gtd.org}. Also, a date tree in +the file @samp{journal.org} should capture journal entries. A possible +configuration would look like: + +@lisp +(setq org-capture-templates + '(("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline "~/org/gtd.org" "Tasks") + "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a") + ("j" "Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/journal.org") + "* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a"))) +@end lisp + +If you then press @kbd{t} from the capture menu, Org will prepare +the template for you like this: + +@example +* TODO + [[file:LINK TO WHERE YOU INITIATED CAPTURE]] +@end example + +@noindent +During expansion of the template, @samp{%a} has been replaced by a link to +the location from where you called the capture command. This can be +extremely useful for deriving tasks from emails, for example. You +fill in the task definition, press @kbd{C-c C-c} and Org returns +you to the same place where you started the capture process. + +To define special keys to capture to a particular template without +going through the interactive template selection, you can create your +key binding like this: + +@lisp +(define-key global-map (kbd "C-c x") + (lambda () (interactive) (org-capture nil "x"))) +@end lisp + +@menu +* Template elements:: What is needed for a complete template entry. +* Template expansion:: Filling in information about time and context. +* Templates in contexts:: Only show a template in a specific context. +@end menu + +@node Template elements +@subsubsection Template elements + +Now lets look at the elements of a template definition. Each entry in +@code{org-capture-templates} is a list with the following items: + +@table @asis +@item keys +The keys that selects the template, as a string, characters only, +for example @samp{"a"}, for a template to be selected with a single key, +or @samp{"bt"} for selection with two keys. When using several keys, +keys using the same prefix key must be sequential in the list and +preceded by a 2-element entry explaining the prefix key, for +example: + +@lisp +("b" "Templates for marking stuff to buy") +@end lisp + +If you do not define a template for the @kbd{C} key, this key +opens the Customize buffer for this complex variable. + +@item description +A short string describing the template, shown during selection. + +@item type +The type of entry, a symbol. Valid values are: + +@table @asis +@item @code{entry} +An Org mode node, with a headline. Will be filed as the child of +the target entry or as a top-level entry. The target file should +be an Org file. + +@item @code{item} +A plain list item, placed in the first plain list at the target +location. Again the target file should be an Org file. + +@item @code{checkitem} +A checkbox item. This only differs from the plain list item by +the default template. + +@item @code{table-line} +A new line in the first table at the target location. Where +exactly the line will be inserted depends on the properties +@code{:prepend} and @code{:table-line-pos} (see below). + +@item @code{plain} +Text to be inserted as it is. +@end table + +@item target +@vindex org-default-notes-file +@vindex org-directory +Specification of where the captured item should be placed. In Org +files, targets usually define a node. Entries will become children +of this node. Other types will be added to the table or list in the +body of this node. Most target specifications contain a file name. +If that file name is the empty string, it defaults to +@code{org-default-notes-file}. A file can also be given as a variable or +as a function called with no argument. When an absolute path is not +specified for a target, it is taken as relative to @code{org-directory}. + +Valid values are: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{(file "path/to/file")} +Text will be placed at the beginning or end of that file. + +@item @samp{(id "id of existing org entry")} +Filing as child of this entry, or in the body of the entry. + +@item @samp{(file+headline "filename" "node headline")} +Fast configuration if the target heading is unique in the file. + +@item @samp{(file+olp "filename" "Level 1 heading" "Level 2" ...)} +For non-unique headings, the full path is safer. + +@item @samp{(file+regexp "filename" "regexp to find location")} +Use a regular expression to position point. + +@item @samp{(file+olp+datetree "filename" [ "Level 1 heading" ...])} +This target@footnote{Org used to offer four different targets for date/week tree +capture. Now, Org automatically translates these to use +@code{file+olp+datetree}, applying the @code{:time-prompt} and @code{:tree-type} +properties. Please rewrite your date/week-tree targets using +@code{file+olp+datetree} since the older targets are now deprecated.} creates a heading in a date tree@footnote{A date tree is an outline structure with years on the highest +level, months or ISO weeks as sublevels and then dates on the lowest +level. Tags are allowed in the tree structure.} for +today's date. If the optional outline path is given, the tree +will be built under the node it is pointing to, instead of at top +level. Check out the @code{:time-prompt} and @code{:tree-type} properties +below for additional options. + +@item @samp{(file+function "filename" function-finding-location)} +A function to find the right location in the file. + +@item @samp{(clock)} +File to the entry that is currently being clocked. + +@item @samp{(function function-finding-location)} +Most general way: write your own function which both visits the +file and moves point to the right location. +@end table + +@item template +The template for creating the capture item. If you leave this +empty, an appropriate default template will be used. Otherwise this +is a string with escape codes, which will be replaced depending on +time and context of the capture call. You may also get this +template string from a file@footnote{When the file name is not absolute, Org assumes it is relative +to @code{org-directory}.}, or dynamically, from a function +using either syntax: + +@example +(file "/path/to/template-file") +(function FUNCTION-RETURNING-THE-TEMPLATE) +@end example + +@item properties +The rest of the entry is a property list of additional options. +Recognized properties are: + +@table @asis +@item @code{:prepend} +Normally new captured information will be appended at the target +location (last child, last table line, last list item, @dots{}). +Setting this property changes that. + +@item @code{:immediate-finish} +When set, do not offer to edit the information, just file it away +immediately. This makes sense if the template only needs +information that can be added automatically. + +@item @code{:jump-to-captured} +When set, jump to the captured entry when finished. + +@item @code{:empty-lines} +Set this to the number of lines to insert before and after the new +item. Default 0, and the only other common value is 1. + +@item @code{:empty-lines-after} +Set this to the number of lines that should be inserted after the +new item. Overrides @code{:empty-lines} for the number of lines +inserted after. + +@item @code{:empty-lines-before} +Set this to the number of lines that should be inserted before the +new item. Overrides @code{:empty-lines} for the number lines inserted +before. + +@item @code{:clock-in} +Start the clock in this item. + +@item @code{:clock-keep} +Keep the clock running when filing the captured entry. + +@item @code{:clock-resume} +If starting the capture interrupted a clock, restart that clock +when finished with the capture. Note that @code{:clock-keep} has +precedence over @code{:clock-resume}. When setting both to non-@code{nil}, +the current clock will run and the previous one will not be +resumed. + +@item @code{:time-prompt} +Prompt for a date/time to be used for date/week trees and when +filling the template. Without this property, capture uses the +current date and time. Even if this property has not been set, +you can force the same behavior by calling @code{org-capture} with +a @kbd{C-1} prefix argument. + +@item @code{:tree-type} +Use @code{week} to make a week tree instead of the month-day tree, +i.e., place the headings for each day under a heading with the +current ISO week. Use @code{month} to group entries by month +only. Default is to group entries by day. + +@item @code{:unnarrowed} +Do not narrow the target buffer, simply show the full buffer. +Default is to narrow it so that you only see the new material. + +@item @code{:table-line-pos} +Specification of the location in the table where the new line +should be inserted. It should be a string like @samp{II-3} meaning +that the new line should become the third line before the second +horizontal separator line. + +@item @code{:kill-buffer} +If the target file was not yet visited when capture was invoked, +kill the buffer again after capture is completed. + +@item @code{:no-save} +Do not save the target file after finishing the capture. + +@item ~:refile-targets +Temporarily set @code{org-refile-targets} to the +value of this property. +@end table +@end table + +@node Template expansion +@subsubsection Template expansion + +In the template itself, special ``%-escapes''@footnote{If you need one of these sequences literally, escape the @samp{%} +with a backslash.} allow dynamic +insertion of content. The templates are expanded in the order given +here: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{%[FILE]} +Insert the contents of the file given by @var{FILE}. + +@item @samp{%(EXP)} +Evaluate Elisp expression @var{EXP} and replace it with the +result. The @var{EXP} form must return a string. Only +placeholders pre-existing within the template, or introduced with +@samp{%[file]}, are expanded this way. Since this happens after +expanding non-interactive ``%-escapes'', those can be used to fill the +expression. + +@item @samp{%} +The result of format-time-string on the @var{FORMAT} +specification. + +@item @samp{%t} +Timestamp, date only. + +@item @samp{%T} +Timestamp, with date and time. + +@item @samp{%u}, @samp{%U} +Like @samp{%t}, @samp{%T} above, but inactive timestamps. + +@item @samp{%i} +Initial content, the region when capture is called while the region +is active. If there is text before @samp{%i} on the same line, such as +indentation, and @samp{%i} is not inside a @samp{%(exp)} form, that prefix is +added before every line in the inserted text. + +@item @samp{%a} +Annotation, normally the link created with @code{org-store-link}. + +@item @samp{%A} +Like @samp{%a}, but prompt for the description part. + +@item @samp{%l} +Like @samp{%a}, but only insert the literal link. + +@item @samp{%L} +Like @samp{%l}, but without brackets (the link content itself). + +@item @samp{%c} +Current kill ring head. + +@item @samp{%x} +Content of the X clipboard. + +@item @samp{%k} +Title of the currently clocked task. + +@item @samp{%K} +Link to the currently clocked task. + +@item @samp{%n} +User name (taken from @code{user-full-name}). + +@item @samp{%f} +File visited by current buffer when org-capture was called. + +@item @samp{%F} +Full path of the file or directory visited by current buffer. + +@item @samp{%:keyword} +Specific information for certain link types, see below. + +@item @samp{%^g} +Prompt for tags, with completion on tags in target file. + +@item @samp{%^G} +Prompt for tags, with completion all tags in all agenda files. + +@item @samp{%^t} +Like @samp{%t}, but prompt for date. Similarly @samp{%^T}, @samp{%^u}, @samp{%^U}. You +may define a prompt like @samp{%^@{Birthday@}t}. + +@item @samp{%^C} +Interactive selection of which kill or clip to use. + +@item @samp{%^L} +Like @samp{%^C}, but insert as link. + +@item @samp{%^@{PROP@}p} +Prompt the user for a value for property @var{PROP}. You may +specify a default value with @samp{%^@{PROP|default@}}. + +@item @samp{%^@{PROMPT@}} +Prompt the user for a string and replace this sequence with it. You +may specify a default value and a completion table with +@samp{%^@{prompt|default|completion2|completion3...@}}. The arrow keys +access a prompt-specific history. + +@item @samp{%\N} +Insert the text entered at the @var{N}th @samp{%^@{PROMPT@}}, where +@var{N} is a number, starting from 1. + +@item @samp{%?} +After completing the template, position point here. +@end table + +@vindex org-store-link-props +For specific link types, the following keywords are defined@footnote{If you define your own link types (see @ref{Adding Hyperlink Types}), any property you store with @code{org-store-link-props} can be +accessed in capture templates in a similar way.}: + +@vindex org-link-from-user-regexp +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@headitem Link type +@tab Available keywords +@item bbdb +@tab @samp{%:name}, @samp{%:company} +@item irc +@tab @samp{%:server}, @samp{%:port}, @samp{%:nick} +@item mh, rmail +@tab @samp{%:type}, @samp{%:subject}, @samp{%:message-id} +@item +@tab @samp{%:from}, @samp{%:fromname}, @samp{%:fromaddress} +@item +@tab @samp{%:to}, @samp{%:toname}, @samp{%:toaddress} +@item +@tab @samp{%:date} (message date header field) +@item +@tab @samp{%:date-timestamp} (date as active timestamp) +@item +@tab @samp{%:date-timestamp-inactive} (date as inactive timestamp) +@item +@tab @samp{%:fromto} (either ``to NAME'' or ``from NAME'')@footnote{This is always the other, not the user. See the variable +@code{org-link-from-user-regexp}.} +@item gnus +@tab @samp{%:group}, for messages also all email fields +@item w3, w3m +@tab @samp{%:url} +@item info +@tab @samp{%:file}, @samp{%:node} +@item calendar +@tab @samp{%:date} +@item org-protocol +@tab @samp{%:link}, @samp{%:description}, @samp{%:annotation} +@end multitable + +@node Templates in contexts +@subsubsection Templates in contexts + +@vindex org-capture-templates-contexts +To control whether a capture template should be accessible from +a specific context, you can customize +@code{org-capture-templates-contexts}. Let's say, for example, that you +have a capture template ``p'' for storing Gnus emails containing +patches. Then you would configure this option like this: + +@lisp +(setq org-capture-templates-contexts + '(("p" ((in-mode . "message-mode"))))) +@end lisp + +You can also tell that the command key @kbd{p} should refer to +another template. In that case, add this command key like this: + +@lisp +(setq org-capture-templates-contexts + '(("p" "q" ((in-mode . "message-mode"))))) +@end lisp + +See the docstring of the variable for more information. + +@node Attachments +@section Attachments + +@cindex attachments + +It is often useful to associate reference material with an outline +node. Small chunks of plain text can simply be stored in the subtree +of a project. Hyperlinks (see @ref{Hyperlinks}) can establish associations +with files that live elsewhere on a local, or even remote, computer, +like emails or source code files belonging to a project. + +Another method is @emph{attachments}, which are files located in a +directory belonging to an outline node. Org uses directories either +named by a unique ID of each entry, or by a @samp{DIR} property. + +@menu +* Attachment defaults and dispatcher:: How to access attachment commands +* Attachment options:: Configuring the attachment system +* Attachment links:: Hyperlink access to attachments +* Automatic version-control with Git:: Everything safely stored away +* Attach from Dired:: Using dired to select an attachment +@end menu + +@node Attachment defaults and dispatcher +@subsection Attachment defaults and dispatcher + +By default, Org attach uses ID properties when adding attachments to +outline nodes. This makes working with attachments fully automated. +There is no decision needed for folder-name or location. ID-based +directories are by default located in the @samp{data/} directory, which +lives in the same directory where your Org file lives@footnote{If you move entries or Org files from one directory to +another, you may want to configure @code{org-attach-id-dir} to contain +an absolute path.}. + +When attachments are made using @code{org-attach} a default tag @samp{ATTACH} is +added to the node that gets the attachments. + +For more control over the setup, see @ref{Attachment options}. + +The following commands deal with attachments: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{org-attach}) +@kindex C-c C-a +@findex org-attach +The dispatcher for commands related to the attachment system. After +these keys, a list of commands is displayed and you must press an +additional key to select a command: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{a} (@code{org-attach-attach}) +@kindex C-c C-a a +@findex org-attach-attach +@vindex org-attach-method +Select a file and move it into the task's attachment directory. +The file is copied, moved, or linked, depending on +@code{org-attach-method}. Note that hard links are not supported on +all systems. + +@item @kbd{c}/@kbd{m}/@kbd{l} +@kindex C-c C-a c +@kindex C-c C-a m +@kindex C-c C-a l +Attach a file using the copy/move/link method. Note that hard +links are not supported on all systems. + +@item @kbd{b} (@code{org-attach-buffer}) +@kindex C-c C-a b +@findex org-attach-buffer +Select a buffer and save it as a file in the task's attachment +directory. + +@item @kbd{n} (@code{org-attach-new}) +@kindex C-c C-a n +@findex org-attach-new +Create a new attachment as an Emacs buffer. + +@item @kbd{z} (@code{org-attach-sync}) +@kindex C-c C-a z +@findex org-attach-sync +Synchronize the current task with its attachment directory, in +case you added attachments yourself. + +@item @kbd{o} (@code{org-attach-open}) +@kindex C-c C-a o +@findex org-attach-open +@vindex org-file-apps +Open current task's attachment. If there is more than one, prompt +for a file name first. Opening follows the rules set by +@code{org-file-apps}. For more details, see the information on +following hyperlinks (see @ref{Handling Links}). + +@item @kbd{O} (@code{org-attach-open-in-emacs}) +@kindex C-c C-a O +@findex org-attach-open-in-emacs +Also open the attachment, but force opening the file in Emacs. + +@item @kbd{f} (@code{org-attach-reveal}) +@kindex C-c C-a f +@findex org-attach-reveal +Open the current task's attachment directory. + +@item @kbd{F} (@code{org-attach-reveal-in-emacs}) +@kindex C-c C-a F +@findex org-attach-reveal-in-emacs +Also open the directory, but force using Dired in Emacs. + +@item @kbd{d} (@code{org-attach-delete-one}) +@kindex C-c C-a d +Select and delete a single attachment. + +@item @kbd{D} (@code{org-attach-delete-all}) +@kindex C-c C-a D +Delete all of a task's attachments. A safer way is to open the +directory in Dired and delete from there. + +@item @kbd{s} (@code{org-attach-set-directory}) +@kindex C-c C-a s +@cindex @samp{DIR}, property +Set a specific directory as the entry's attachment directory. +This works by putting the directory path into the @samp{DIR} +property. + +@item @kbd{S} (@code{org-attach-unset-directory}) +@kindex C-c C-a S +@cindex @samp{DIR}, property +Remove the attachment directory. This command removes the @samp{DIR} +property and asks the user to either move content inside that +folder, if an @samp{ID} property is set, delete the content, or to +leave the attachment directory as is but no longer attached to the +outline node. +@end table +@end table + +@node Attachment options +@subsection Attachment options + +There are a couple of options for attachments that are worth +mentioning. + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-attach-id-dir} +@vindex org-attach-id-dir +The directory where attachments are stored when @samp{ID} is used as +method. + +@item @code{org-attach-dir-relative} +@vindex org-attach-dir-relative +When setting the @samp{DIR} property on a node using @kbd{C-c C-a s} +(@code{org-attach-set-directory}), absolute links are entered by default. +This option changes that to relative links. + +@item @code{org-attach-use-inheritance} +@vindex org-attach-use-inheritance +By default folders attached to an outline node are inherited from +parents according to @code{org-use-property-inheritance}. If one instead +want to set inheritance specifically for Org attach that can be done +using @code{org-attach-use-inheritance}. Inheriting documents through +the node hierarchy makes a lot of sense in most cases. Especially +when using attachment links (see @ref{Attachment links}). The following +example shows one use case for attachment inheritance: + +@example +* Chapter A ... + :PROPERTIES: + :DIR: Chapter A/ + :END: +** Introduction +Some text + +#+NAME: Image 1 +[[attachment:image 1.jpg]] +@end example + +Without inheritance one would not be able to resolve the link to +@samp{image 1.jpg}, since the link is inside a sub-heading to @samp{Chapter + A}. + +Inheritance works the same way for both @samp{ID} and @samp{DIR} property. If +both properties are defined on the same headline then @samp{DIR} takes +precedence. This is also true if inheritance is enabled. If @samp{DIR} +is inherited from a parent node in the outline, that property still +takes precedence over an @samp{ID} property defined on the node itself. + +@item @code{org-attach-method} +@vindex org-attach-method +When attaching files using the dispatcher @kbd{C-c C-a} it +defaults to copying files. The behavior can be changed by +customizing @code{org-attach-method}. Options are Copy, Move/Rename, +Hard link or Symbolic link. + +@item @code{org-attach-preferred-new-method} +@vindex org-attach-preferred-new-method +This customization lets you choose the default way to attach to +nodes without existing @samp{ID} and @samp{DIR} property. It defaults to @code{id} +but can also be set to @code{dir}, @code{ask} or @code{nil}. + +@item @code{org-attach-archive-delete} +@vindex org-attach-archive-delete +Configure this to determine if attachments should be deleted or not +when a subtree that has attachments is archived. + +@item @code{org-attach-auto-tag} +@vindex org-attach-auto-tag +When attaching files to a heading it will be assigned a tag +according to what is set here. + +@item @code{org-attach-id-to-path-function-list} +@vindex org-attach-id-to-path-function-list +When @samp{ID} is used for attachments, the ID is parsed into a part of a +directory-path. See @code{org-attach-id-uuid-folder-format} for the +default function. Define a new one and add it as first element in +@code{org-attach-id-to-path-function-list} if you want the folder +structure in any other way. All functions in this list will be +tried when resolving existing ID's into paths, to maintain backward +compatibility with existing folders in your system. + +@item @code{org-attach-store-link-p} +@vindex org-attach-store-link-p +Stores a link to the file that is being attached. The link is +stored in @code{org-stored-links} for later insertion with @kbd{C-c C-l} (see @ref{Handling Links}). Depending on what option is set in +@code{org-attach-store-link-p}, the link is stored to either the original +location as a file link, the attachment location as an attachment +link or to the attachment location as a file link. + +@item @code{org-attach-commands} +@vindex org-attach-commands +List of all commands used in the attach dispatcher. + +@item @code{org-attach-expert} +@vindex org-attach-expert +Do not show the splash buffer with the attach dispatcher when +@code{org-attach-expert} is set to non-@code{nil}. +@end table + +See customization group @samp{Org Attach} if you want to change the +default settings. + +@node Attachment links +@subsection Attachment links + +Attached files and folders can be referenced using attachment links. +This makes it easy to refer to the material added to an outline node. +Especially if it was attached using the unique ID of the entry! + +@example +* TODO Some task + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: 95d50008-c12e-479f-a4f2-cc0238205319 + :END: +See attached document for more information: [[attachment:info.org]] +@end example + +See @ref{External Links} for more information about these links. + +@node Automatic version-control with Git +@subsection Automatic version-control with Git + +If the directory attached to an outline node is a Git repository, Org +can be configured to automatically commit changes to that repository +when it sees them. + +To make Org mode take care of versioning of attachments for you, add +the following to your Emacs config: + +@lisp +(require 'org-attach-git) +@end lisp + +@node Attach from Dired +@subsection Attach from Dired + +@cindex attach from Dired +@findex org-attach-dired-to-subtree + +It is possible to attach files to a subtree from a Dired buffer. To +use this feature, have one window in Dired mode containing the file(s) +to be attached and another window with point in the subtree that shall +get the attachments. In the Dired window, with point on a file, +@kbd{M-x org-attach-dired-to-subtree} attaches the file to the +subtree using the attachment method set by variable +@code{org-attach-method}. When files are marked in the Dired window then +all marked files get attached. + +Add the following lines to the Emacs init file to have @kbd{C-c C-x a} attach files in Dired buffers. + +@lisp +(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook + (lambda () + (define-key dired-mode-map + (kbd "C-c C-x a") + #'org-attach-dired-to-subtree))) +@end lisp + +The following code shows how to bind the previous command with +a specific attachment method. + +@lisp +(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook + (lambda () + (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "C-c C-x c") + (lambda () + (interactive) + (let ((org-attach-method 'cp)) + (call-interactively #'org-attach-dired-to-subtree)))))) +@end lisp + +@node RSS Feeds +@section RSS Feeds + +@cindex RSS feeds +@cindex Atom feeds + +Org can add and change entries based on information found in RSS feeds +and Atom feeds. You could use this to make a task out of each new +podcast in a podcast feed. Or you could use a phone-based +note-creating service on the web to import tasks into Org. To access +feeds, configure the variable @code{org-feed-alist}. The docstring of this +variable has detailed information. With the following + +@lisp +(setq org-feed-alist + '(("Slashdot" + "https://rss.slashdot.org/Slashdot/slashdot" + "~/txt/org/feeds.org" "Slashdot Entries"))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +new items from the feed provided by @samp{rss.slashdot.org} result in new +entries in the file @samp{~/org/feeds.org} under the heading @samp{Slashdot +Entries}, whenever the following command is used: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x g} (@code{org-feed-update-all}) +@kindex C-c C-x g +Collect items from the feeds configured in @code{org-feed-alist} and act +upon them. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x G} (@code{org-feed-goto-inbox}) +@kindex C-c C-x G +Prompt for a feed name and go to the inbox configured for this feed. +@end table + +Under the same headline, Org creates a drawer @samp{FEEDSTATUS} in which it +stores information about the status of items in the feed, to avoid +adding the same item several times. + +For more information, including how to read atom feeds, see +@samp{org-feed.el} and the docstring of @code{org-feed-alist}. + +@node Agenda Views +@chapter Agenda Views + +@cindex agenda views + +Due to the way Org works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and tagged +headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of +files. To get an overview of open action items, or of events that are +important for a particular date, this information must be collected, +sorted and displayed in an organized way. + +Org can select items based on various criteria and display them in +a separate buffer. Six different view types are provided: + +@itemize +@item +an @emph{agenda} that is like a calendar and shows information for +specific dates, + +@item +a @emph{TODO list} that covers all unfinished action items, + +@item +a @emph{match view}, showings headlines based on the tags, properties, +and TODO state associated with them, + +@item +a @emph{text search view} that shows all entries from multiple files that +contain specified keywords, + +@item +a @emph{stuck projects view} showing projects that currently do not move +along, and + +@item +@emph{custom views} that are special searches and combinations of +different views. +@end itemize + +The extracted information is displayed in a special @emph{agenda buffer}. +This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the +corresponding locations in the original Org files, and even to edit +these files remotely. + +@vindex org-agenda-skip-comment-trees +@vindex org-agenda-skip-archived-trees +@cindex commented entries, in agenda views +@cindex archived entries, in agenda views +By default, the report ignores commented (see @ref{Comment Lines}) and +archived (see @ref{Internal archiving}) entries. You can override this by +setting @code{org-agenda-skip-comment-trees} and +@code{org-agenda-skip-archived-trees} to @code{nil}. + +@vindex org-agenda-window-setup +@vindex org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit +Two variables control how the agenda buffer is displayed and whether +the window configuration is restored when the agenda exits: +@code{org-agenda-window-setup} and @code{org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit}. + +@menu +* Agenda Files:: Files being searched for agenda information. +* Agenda Dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views. +* Built-in Agenda Views:: What is available out of the box? +* Presentation and Sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display. +* Agenda Commands:: Remote editing of Org trees. +* Custom Agenda Views:: Defining special searches and views. +* Exporting Agenda Views:: Writing a view to a file. +* Agenda Column View:: Using column view for collected entries. +@end menu + +@node Agenda Files +@section Agenda Files + +@cindex agenda files +@cindex files for agenda + +@vindex org-agenda-files +The information to be shown is normally collected from all @emph{agenda +files}, the files listed in the variable @code{org-agenda-files}@footnote{If the value of that variable is not a list, but a single file +name, then the list of agenda files in maintained in that external +file.}. +If a directory is part of this list, all files with the extension +@samp{.org} in this directory are part of the list. + +Thus, even if you only work with a single Org file, that file should +be put into the list@footnote{When using the dispatcher, pressing @kbd{<} before +selecting a command actually limits the command to the current file, +and ignores @code{org-agenda-files} until the next dispatcher command.}. You can customize @code{org-agenda-files}, +but the easiest way to maintain it is through the following commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c [} (@code{org-agenda-file-to-front}) +@kindex C-c [ +@findex org-agenda-file-to-front +@cindex files, adding to agenda list +Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to +the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved +to the front. With a prefix argument, file is added/moved to the +end. + +@item @kbd{C-c ]} (@code{org-remove-file}) +@kindex C-c ] +@findex org-remove-file +Remove current file from the list of agenda files. + +@item @kbd{C-'} +@itemx @kbd{C-,} (@code{org-cycle-agenda-files}) +@kindex C-' +@kindex C-, +@findex org-cycle-agenda-files +@cindex cycling, of agenda files +Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-switchb} +@findex org-switchb +Command to use an Iswitchb-like interface to switch to and between +Org buffers. +@end table + +@noindent +The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used to +visit any of them. + +If you would like to focus the agenda temporarily on a file not in +this list, or on just one file in the list, or even on only a subtree +in a file, then this can be done in different ways. For a single +agenda command, you may press @kbd{<} once or several times in +the dispatcher (see @ref{Agenda Dispatcher}). To restrict the agenda +scope for an extended period, use the following commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x <} (@code{org-agenda-set-restriction-lock}) +@kindex C-c C-x < +@findex org-agenda-set-restriction-lock +Restrict the agenda to the current subtree. If there already is +a restriction at point, remove it. When called with a universal +prefix argument or with point before the first headline in a file, +set the agenda scope to the entire file. This restriction remains +in effect until removed with @kbd{C-c C-x >}, or by typing +either @kbd{<} or @kbd{>} in the agenda dispatcher. If +there is a window displaying an agenda view, the new restriction +takes effect immediately. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x >} (@code{org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock}) +@kindex C-c C-x > +@findex org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock +Remove the restriction created by @kbd{C-c C-x <}. +@end table + +When working with Speedbar, you can use the following commands in the +Speedbar frame: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{<} (@code{org-speedbar-set-agenda-restriction}) +@findex org-speedbar-set-agenda-restriction +Restrict the agenda to the item---either an Org file or a subtree in +such a file---at point in the Speedbar frame. If agenda is already +restricted there, remove the restriction. If there is a window +displaying an agenda view, the new restriction takes effect +immediately. + +@item @kbd{>} (@code{org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock}) +@findex org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock +Remove the restriction. +@end table + +@node Agenda Dispatcher +@section The Agenda Dispatcher + +@cindex agenda dispatcher +@cindex dispatching agenda commands + +The views are created through a dispatcher, accessible with @kbd{M-x org-agenda}, or, better, bound to a global key (see @ref{Activation}). +It displays a menu from which an additional letter is required to +execute a command. The dispatcher offers the following default +commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{a} +Create the calendar-like agenda (see @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}). + +@item @kbd{t} +@itemx @kbd{T} +Create a list of all TODO items (see @ref{Global TODO list}). + +@item @kbd{m} +@itemx @kbd{M} +Create a list of headlines matching a given expression (see +@ref{Matching tags and properties}). + +@item @kbd{s} +@kindex s @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +Create a list of entries selected by a boolean expression of +keywords and/or regular expressions that must or must not occur in +the entry. + +@item @kbd{/} +@kindex / @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@vindex org-agenda-text-search-extra-files +Search for a regular expression in all agenda files and additionally +in the files listed in @code{org-agenda-text-search-extra-files}. This +uses the Emacs command @code{multi-occur}. A prefix argument can be used +to specify the number of context lines for each match, default is +@enumerate +@item +@end enumerate + +@item @kbd{#} +Create a list of stuck projects (see @ref{Stuck projects}). + +@item @kbd{!} +Configure the list of stuck projects (see @ref{Stuck projects}). + +@item @kbd{<} +@kindex < @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer@footnote{For backward compatibility, you can also press @kbd{1} to +restrict to the current buffer.}. If +narrowing is in effect restrict to the narrowed part of the buffer. +After pressing @kbd{<}, you still need to press the character +selecting the command. + +@item @kbd{< <} +@kindex < < @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda command +to the region. Otherwise, restrict it to the current +subtree@footnote{For backward compatibility, you can also press @kbd{0} to +restrict to the current region/subtree.}. After pressing @kbd{< <}, you still need to +press the character selecting the command. + +@item @kbd{*} +@kindex * @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@vindex org-agenda-sticky +@findex org-toggle-sticky-agenda +Toggle sticky agenda views. By default, Org maintains only a single +agenda buffer and rebuilds it each time you change the view, to make +sure everything is always up to date. If you switch between views +often and the build time bothers you, you can turn on sticky agenda +buffers (make this the default by customizing the variable +@code{org-agenda-sticky}). With sticky agendas, the dispatcher only +switches to the selected view, you need to update it by hand with +@kbd{r} or @kbd{g}. You can toggle sticky agenda view any +time with @code{org-toggle-sticky-agenda}. +@end table + +You can also define custom commands that are accessible through the +dispatcher, just like the default commands. This includes the +possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several +blocks together, for example the weekly agenda, the global TODO list +and a number of special tags matches. See @ref{Custom Agenda Views}. + +@node Built-in Agenda Views +@section The Built-in Agenda Views + +In this section we describe the built-in views. + +@menu +* Weekly/daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks. +* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items. +* Matching tags and properties:: Structured information with fine-tuned search. +* Search view:: Find entries by searching for text. +* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review. +@end menu + +@node Weekly/daily agenda +@subsection Weekly/daily agenda + +@cindex agenda +@cindex weekly agenda +@cindex daily agenda + +The purpose of the weekly/daily @emph{agenda} is to act like a page of +a paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda a} (@code{org-agenda-list}) +@kindex a @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-agenda-list +@cindex org-agenda, command +Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of Org files. +The agenda shows the entries for each day. With a numeric prefix +argument@footnote{For backward compatibility, the universal prefix argument +@kbd{C-u} causes all TODO entries to be listed before the agenda. +This feature is deprecated, use the dedicated TODO list, or a block +agenda instead (see @ref{Block agenda}).}---like @kbd{C-u 2 1 M-x org-agenda a}---you may +set the number of days to be displayed. +@end table + +@vindex org-agenda-span +@vindex org-agenda-start-day +@vindex org-agenda-start-on-weekday +The default number of days displayed in the agenda is set by the +variable @code{org-agenda-span}. This variable can be set to any number of +days you want to see by default in the agenda, or to a span name, such +a @code{day}, @code{week}, @code{month} or @code{year}. For weekly agendas, the default +is to start on the previous Monday (see +@code{org-agenda-start-on-weekday}). You can also set the start date using +a date shift: @samp{(setq org-agenda-start-day "+10d")} starts the agenda +ten days from today in the future. + +Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can +change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer. +The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda Commands}. + +@anchor{Calendar/Diary integration} +@subsubheading Calendar/Diary integration + +@cindex calendar integration +@cindex diary integration + +Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward@tie{}M@.@tie{}Reingold. The +calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different +countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of +anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments +(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to +Org. It can be very useful to combine output from Org with the diary. + +In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org mode's +agenda, you only need to customize the variable + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-include-diary t) +@end lisp + +@noindent +After that, everything happens automatically. All diary entries +including holidays, anniversaries, etc., are included in the agenda +buffer created by Org mode. @kbd{@key{SPC}}, @kbd{@key{TAB}}, and +@kbd{@key{RET}} can be used from the agenda buffer to jump to the diary +file in order to edit existing diary entries. The @kbd{i} +command to insert new entries for the current date works in the agenda +buffer, as well as the commands @kbd{S}, @kbd{M}, and +@kbd{C} to display Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to +convert to other calendars, respectively. @kbd{c} can be used to +switch back and forth between calendar and agenda. + +If you are using the diary only for expression entries and holidays, +it is faster to not use the above setting, but instead to copy or even +move the entries into an Org file. Org mode evaluates diary-style +expression entries, and does it faster because there is no overhead +for first creating the diary display. Note that the expression +entries must start at the left margin, no whitespace is allowed before +them, as seen in the following segment of an Org file:@footnote{The variable @code{org-anniversary} used in the example is just +like @code{diary-anniversary}, but the argument order is always according +to ISO and therefore independent of the value of +@code{calendar-date-style}.} + +@example +* Holidays + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Holiday + :END: +%%(org-calendar-holiday) ; special function for holiday names + +* Birthdays + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Ann + :END: +%%(org-anniversary 1956 5 14) Arthur Dent is %d years old +%%(org-anniversary 1869 10 2) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old +@end example + +@anchor{Anniversaries from BBDB} +@subsubheading Anniversaries from BBDB + +@cindex BBDB, anniversaries +@cindex anniversaries, from BBDB + +@findex org-bbdb-anniversaries +If you are using the Insidious Big Brother Database to store your +contacts, you very likely prefer to store anniversaries in BBDB rather +than in a separate Org or diary file. Org supports this and can show +BBDB anniversaries as part of the agenda. All you need to do is to +add the following to one of your agenda files: + +@example +* Anniversaries + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Anniv + :END: +%%(org-bbdb-anniversaries) +@end example + +You can then go ahead and define anniversaries for a BBDB record. +Basically, you need a field named @samp{anniversary} for the BBDB record +which contains the date in the format @samp{YYYY-MM-DD} or @samp{MM-DD}, +followed by a space and the class of the anniversary (@samp{birthday}, +@samp{wedding}, or a format string). If you omit the class, it defaults to +@samp{birthday}. Here are a few examples, the header for the file +@samp{ol-bbdb.el} contains more detailed information. + +@example +1973-06-22 +06-22 +1955-08-02 wedding +2008-04-14 %s released version 6.01 of Org mode, %d years ago +@end example + +After a change to BBDB, or for the first agenda display during an +Emacs session, the agenda display suffers a short delay as Org updates +its hash with anniversaries. However, from then on things will be +very fast, much faster in fact than a long list of +@samp{%%(diary-anniversary)} entries in an Org or Diary file. + +@findex org-bbdb-anniversaries-future +If you would like to see upcoming anniversaries with a bit of +forewarning, you can use the following instead: + +@example +* Anniversaries + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Anniv + :END: +%%(org-bbdb-anniversaries-future 3) +@end example + +That will give you three days' warning: on the anniversary date itself +and the two days prior. The argument is optional: if omitted, it +defaults to 7. + +@anchor{Appointment reminders} +@subsubheading Appointment reminders + +@cindex @file{appt.el} +@cindex appointment reminders +@cindex appointment +@cindex reminders + +@cindex APPT_WARNTIME, keyword +Org can interact with Emacs appointments notification facility. To +add the appointments of your agenda files, use the command +@code{org-agenda-to-appt}. This command lets you filter through the list +of your appointments and add only those belonging to a specific +category or matching a regular expression. It also reads +a @samp{APPT_WARNTIME} property which overrides the value of +@code{appt-message-warning-time} for this appointment. See the docstring +for details. + +@node Global TODO list +@subsection The global TODO list + +@cindex global TODO list +@cindex TODO list, global + +The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items formatted and +collected into a single place. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda t} (@code{org-todo-list}) +@kindex t @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-todo-list +Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all +agenda files (see @ref{Agenda Views}) into a single buffer. By default, +this lists items with a state the is not a DONE state. The buffer +is in Agenda mode, so there are commands to examine and manipulate +the TODO entries directly from that buffer (see @ref{Agenda Commands}). + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda T} (@code{org-todo-list}) +@kindex T @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-todo-list +@cindex TODO keyword matching +@vindex org-todo-keywords +Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. +You can also do this by specifying a prefix argument to +@kbd{t}. You are prompted for a keyword, and you may also +specify several keywords by separating them with @samp{|} as the boolean +OR operator. With a numeric prefix, the Nth keyword in +@code{org-todo-keywords} is selected. + +@kindex r +The @kbd{r} key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you +can give a prefix argument to this command to change the selected +TODO keyword, for example @kbd{3 r}. If you often need +a search for a specific keyword, define a custom command for it (see +@ref{Agenda Dispatcher}). + +Matching specific TODO keywords can also be done as part of a tags +search (see @ref{Tag Searches}). +@end table + +Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of +a TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the +TODO list are described in @ref{Agenda Commands}. + +@cindex sublevels, inclusion into TODO list +Normally the global TODO list simply shows all headlines with TODO +keywords. This list can become very long. There are two ways to keep +it more compact: + +@itemize +@item +@vindex org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled +@vindex org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines +@vindex org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp +@vindex org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date +Some people view a TODO item that has been @emph{scheduled} for execution +or have a @emph{deadline} (see @ref{Timestamps}) as no longer @emph{open}. +Configure the variables @code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled} to +exclude some or all scheduled items from the global TODO list, +@code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines} to exclude some or all items with +a deadline set, @code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp} to exclude some +or all items with an active timestamp other than a DEADLINE or +a SCHEDULED timestamp and/or @code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date} to +exclude items with at least one active timestamp. + +@item +@vindex org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels +TODO items may have sublevels to break up the task into subtasks. +In such cases it may be enough to list only the highest level TODO +headline and omit the sublevels from the global list. Configure the +variable @code{org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels} to get this behavior. +@end itemize + +@node Matching tags and properties +@subsection Matching tags and properties + +@cindex matching, of tags +@cindex matching, of properties +@cindex tags view +@cindex match view + +If headlines in the agenda files are marked with @emph{tags} (see @ref{Tags}), +or have properties (see @ref{Properties and Columns}), you can select +headlines based on this metadata and collect them into an agenda +buffer. The match syntax described here also applies when creating +sparse trees with @kbd{C-c / m}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda m} (@code{org-tags-view}) +@kindex m @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-tags-view +Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags. The +command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic +expression with tags, like @samp{+work+urgent-withboss} or @samp{work|home} +(see @ref{Tags}). If you often need a specific search, define a custom +command for it (see @ref{Agenda Dispatcher}). + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda M} (@code{org-tags-view}) +@kindex M @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-tags-view +@vindex org-tags-match-list-sublevels +@vindex org-agenda-tags-todo-honor-ignore-options +Like @kbd{m}, but only select headlines that are also TODO +items and force checking subitems (see the variable +@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}). To exclude scheduled/deadline +items, see the variable @code{org-agenda-tags-todo-honor-ignore-options}. +Matching specific TODO keywords together with a tags match is also +possible, see @ref{Tag Searches}. +@end table + +The commands available in the tags list are described in @ref{Agenda Commands}. + +@cindex boolean logic, for agenda searches +A search string can use Boolean operators @samp{&} for AND and @samp{|} for OR@. +@samp{&} binds more strongly than @samp{|}. Parentheses are currently not +implemented. Each element in the search is either a tag, a regular +expression matching tags, or an expression like @samp{PROPERTY OPERATOR +VALUE} with a comparison operator, accessing a property value. Each +element may be preceded by @samp{-} to select against it, and @samp{+} is +syntactic sugar for positive selection. The AND operator @samp{&} is +optional when @samp{+} or @samp{-} is present. Here are some examples, using +only tags. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{+work-boss} +Select headlines tagged @samp{work}, but discard those also tagged +@samp{boss}. + +@item @samp{work|laptop} +Selects lines tagged @samp{work} or @samp{laptop}. + +@item @samp{work|laptop+night} +Like before, but require the @samp{laptop} lines to be tagged also +@samp{night}. +@end table + +@cindex regular expressions, with tags search +Instead of a tag, you may also specify a regular expression enclosed +in curly braces (see @ref{Regular Expressions}). For example, +@samp{work+@{^boss.*@}} matches headlines that contain the tag @samp{:work:} and +any tag @emph{starting} with @samp{boss}. + +@cindex group tags, as regular expressions +Group tags (see @ref{Tag Hierarchy}) are expanded as regular expressions. +E.g., if @samp{work} is a group tag for the group @samp{:work:lab:conf:}, then +searching for @samp{work} also searches for @samp{@{\(?:work\|lab\|conf\)@}} and +searching for @samp{-work} searches for all headlines but those with one of +the tags in the group (i.e., @samp{-@{\(?:work\|lab\|conf\)@}}). + +@cindex TODO keyword matching, with tags search +@cindex level, for tags/property match +@cindex category, for tags/property match +@vindex org-odd-levels-only +You may also test for properties (see @ref{Properties and Columns}) at the +same time as matching tags. The properties may be real properties, or +special properties that represent other metadata (see @ref{Special Properties}). For example, the property @samp{TODO} represents the TODO +keyword of the entry. Or, the property @samp{LEVEL} represents the level +of an entry. So searching @samp{+LEVEL=3+boss-TODO​="DONE"} lists all level +three headlines that have the tag @samp{boss} and are @emph{not} marked with the +TODO keyword @samp{DONE}. In buffers with @code{org-odd-levels-only} set, +@samp{LEVEL} does not count the number of stars, but @samp{LEVEL=2} corresponds +to 3 stars etc. + +Here are more examples: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{work+TODO​="WAITING"} +Select @samp{work}-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO keyword +@samp{WAITING}. + +@item @samp{work+TODO​="WAITING"|home+TODO​="WAITING"} +Waiting tasks both at work and at home. +@end table + +When matching properties, a number of different operators can be used +to test the value of a property. Here is a complex example: + +@example ++work-boss+PRIORITY="A"+Coffee="unlimited"+Effort<2 + +With=@{Sarah\|Denny@}+SCHEDULED>="<2008-10-11>" +@end example + +@noindent +The type of comparison depends on how the comparison value is written: + +@itemize +@item +If the comparison value is a plain number, a numerical comparison is +done, and the allowed operators are @samp{<}, @samp{=}, @samp{>}, @samp{<=}, @samp{>=}, and +@samp{<>}. + +@item +If the comparison value is enclosed in double-quotes, a string +comparison is done, and the same operators are allowed. + +@item +If the comparison value is enclosed in double-quotes @emph{and} angular +brackets (like @samp{DEADLINE<​="<2008-12-24 18:30>"}), both values are +assumed to be date/time specifications in the standard Org way, and +the comparison is done accordingly. Valid values also include +@samp{""} for now (including time), @samp{""}, and @samp{""} +for these days at 0:00 hours, i.e., without a time specification. +You can also use strings like @samp{"<+5d>"} or @samp{"<-2m>"} with units @samp{d}, +@samp{w}, @samp{m}, and @samp{y} for day, week, month, and year, respectively. + +@item +If the comparison value is enclosed in curly braces, a regexp match +is performed, with @samp{=} meaning that the regexp matches the property +value, and @samp{<>} meaning that it does not match. +@end itemize + +So the search string in the example finds entries tagged @samp{work} but +not @samp{boss}, which also have a priority value @samp{A}, a @samp{Coffee} property +with the value @samp{unlimited}, an @samp{EFFORT} property that is numerically +smaller than 2, a @samp{With} property that is matched by the regular +expression @samp{Sarah\|Denny}, and that are scheduled on or after October +11, 2008. + +You can configure Org mode to use property inheritance during +a search, but beware that this can slow down searches considerably. +See @ref{Property Inheritance}, for details. + +For backward compatibility, and also for typing speed, there is also +a different way to test TODO states in a search. For this, terminate +the tags/property part of the search string (which may include several +terms connected with @samp{|}) with a @samp{/} and then specify a Boolean +expression just for TODO keywords. The syntax is then similar to that +for tags, but should be applied with care: for example, a positive +selection on several TODO keywords cannot meaningfully be combined +with boolean AND@. However, @emph{negative selection} combined with AND can +be meaningful. To make sure that only lines are checked that actually +have any TODO keyword (resulting in a speed-up), use @kbd{M-x org-agenda M}, or equivalently start the TODO part after the slash +with @samp{!}. Using @kbd{M-x org-agenda M} or @samp{/!} does not match +TODO keywords in a DONE state. Examples: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{work/WAITING} +Same as @samp{work+TODO​="WAITING"}. + +@item @samp{work/!-WAITING-NEXT} +Select @samp{work}-tagged TODO lines that are neither @samp{WAITING} nor +@samp{NEXT}. + +@item @samp{work/!+WAITING|+NEXT} +Select @samp{work}-tagged TODO lines that are either @samp{WAITING} or @samp{NEXT}. +@end table + +@node Search view +@subsection Search view + +@cindex search view +@cindex text search +@cindex searching, for text + +This agenda view is a general text search facility for Org mode +entries. It is particularly useful to find notes. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda s} (@code{org-search-view}) +@kindex s @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-search-view +This is a special search that lets you select entries by matching +a substring or specific words using a boolean logic. +@end table + +For example, the search string @samp{computer equipment} matches entries +that contain @samp{computer equipment} as a substring, even if the two +words are separated by more space or a line break. + +Search view can also search for specific keywords in the entry, using +Boolean logic. The search string @samp{+computer ++wifi -ethernet -@{8\.11[bg]@}} matches note entries that contain the +keywords @samp{computer} and @samp{wifi}, but not the keyword @samp{ethernet}, and +which are also not matched by the regular expression @samp{8\.11[bg]}, +meaning to exclude both @samp{8.11b} and @samp{8.11g}. The first @samp{+} is +necessary to turn on boolean search, other @samp{+} characters are +optional. For more details, see the docstring of the command +@code{org-search-view}. + +You can incrementally and conveniently adjust a boolean search from +the agenda search view with the following keys + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.1 0.6 +@item @kbd{[} +@tab Add a positive search word +@item @kbd{]} +@tab Add a negative search word +@item @kbd{@{} +@tab Add a positive regular expression +@item @kbd{@}} +@tab Add a negative regular expression +@end multitable + +@vindex org-agenda-text-search-extra-files +Note that in addition to the agenda files, this command also searches +the files listed in @code{org-agenda-text-search-extra-files}. + +@node Stuck projects +@subsection Stuck projects + +@pindex GTD, Getting Things Done + +If you are following a system like David Allen's GTD to organize your +work, one of the ``duties'' you have is a regular review to make sure +that all projects move along. A @emph{stuck} project is a project that has +no defined next actions, so it never shows up in the TODO lists Org +mode produces. During the review, you need to identify such projects +and define next actions for them. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda #} (@code{org-agenda-list-stuck-projects}) +@kindex # @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-agenda-list-stuck-projects +List projects that are stuck. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda !} +@kindex ! @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@vindex org-stuck-projects +Customize the variable @code{org-stuck-projects} to define what a stuck +project is and how to find it. +@end table + +You almost certainly need to configure this view before it works for +you. The built-in default assumes that all your projects are level-2 +headlines, and that a project is not stuck if it has at least one +entry marked with a TODO keyword @samp{TODO} or @samp{NEXT} or @samp{NEXTACTION}. + +Let's assume that you, in your own way of using Org mode, identify +projects with a tag @samp{:PROJECT:}, and that you use a TODO keyword +@samp{MAYBE} to indicate a project that should not be considered yet. +Let's further assume that the TODO keyword @samp{DONE} marks finished +projects, and that @samp{NEXT} and @samp{TODO} indicate next actions. The tag +@samp{:@@shop:} indicates shopping and is a next action even without the +NEXT tag. Finally, if the project contains the special word @samp{IGNORE} +anywhere, it should not be listed either. In this case you would +start by identifying eligible projects with a tags/TODO match (see +@ref{Tag Searches}) @samp{+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE}, and then check for @samp{TODO}, +@samp{NEXT}, @samp{@@shop}, and @samp{IGNORE} in the subtree to identify projects that +are not stuck. The correct customization for this is: + +@lisp +(setq org-stuck-projects + '("+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE" ("NEXT" "TODO") ("@@shop") + "\\")) +@end lisp + +Note that if a project is identified as non-stuck, the subtree of this +entry is searched for stuck projects. + +@node Presentation and Sorting +@section Presentation and Sorting + +@cindex presentation, of agenda items + +@vindex org-agenda-prefix-format +@vindex org-agenda-tags-column +Before displaying items in an agenda view, Org mode visually prepares +the items and sorts them. Each item occupies a single line. The line +starts with a @emph{prefix} that contains the @emph{category} (see @ref{Categories}) +of the item and other important information. You can customize in +which column tags are displayed through @code{org-agenda-tags-column}. You +can also customize the prefix using the option +@code{org-agenda-prefix-format}. This prefix is followed by a cleaned-up +version of the outline headline associated with the item. + +@menu +* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal. +* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time. +* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things. +* Filtering/limiting agenda items:: Dynamically narrow the agenda. +@end menu + +@node Categories +@subsection Categories + +@cindex category +@cindex @samp{CATEGORY}, keyword + +The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item. By +default, the category is simply derived from the file name, but you +can also specify it with a special line in the buffer, like +this: + +@example +#+CATEGORY: Thesis +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{CATEGORY}, property +If you would like to have a special category for a single entry or +a (sub)tree, give the entry a @samp{CATEGORY} property with the special +category you want to apply as the value. + +@vindex org-agenda-category-icon-alist +The display in the agenda buffer looks best if the category is not +longer than 10 characters. You can set up icons for category by +customizing the @code{org-agenda-category-icon-alist} variable. + +@node Time-of-day specifications +@subsection Time-of-day specifications + +@cindex time-of-day specification + +Org mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The +time can be part of the timestamp that triggered inclusion into the +agenda, for example + +@example +<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00> +@end example + + +@noindent +Time ranges can be specified with two timestamps: + +@example +<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15> +@end example + + +@vindex org-agenda-search-headline-for-time +In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range)---like @samp{12:45} or +a @samp{8:30-1pm}---may also appear as plain text@footnote{You can, however, disable this by setting +@code{org-agenda-search-headline-for-time} variable to a @code{nil} value.}. + +If the agenda integrates the Emacs diary (see @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}), +time specifications in diary entries are recognized as well. + +For agenda display, Org mode extracts the time and displays it in +a standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in +the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this: + +@example + 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer +12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub +19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem +20:30-22:15 Marvin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge +@end example + +@cindex time grid +If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the +timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like + +@example + 8:00...... ------------------ + 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer +10:00...... ------------------ +12:00...... ------------------ +12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub +14:00...... ------------------ +16:00...... ------------------ +18:00...... ------------------ +19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem +20:00...... ------------------ +20:30-22:15 Marvin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge +@end example + +@vindex org-agenda-use-time-grid +@vindex org-agenda-time-grid +The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable +@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid}, and can be configured with +@code{org-agenda-time-grid}. + +@node Sorting of agenda items +@subsection Sorting of agenda items + +@cindex sorting, of agenda items +@cindex priorities, of agenda items + +Before being inserted into a view, the items are sorted. How this is +done depends on the type of view. + +@itemize +@item +@vindex org-agenda-files +For the daily/weekly agenda, the items for each day are sorted. The +default order is to first collect all items containing an explicit +time-of-day specification. These entries are shown at the beginning +of the list, as a @emph{schedule} for the day. After that, items remain +grouped in categories, in the sequence given by @code{org-agenda-files}. +Within each category, items are sorted by priority (see +@ref{Priorities}), which is composed of the base priority (2000 for +priority @samp{A}, 1000 for @samp{B}, and 0 for @samp{C}), plus additional +increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items. + +@item +For the TODO list, items remain in the order of categories, but +within each category, sorting takes place according to priority (see +@ref{Priorities}). The priority used for sorting derives from the +priority cookie, with additions depending on how close an item is to +its due or scheduled date. + +@item +For tags matches, items are not sorted at all, but just appear in +the sequence in which they are found in the agenda files. +@end itemize + +@vindex org-agenda-sorting-strategy +Sorting can be customized using the variable +@code{org-agenda-sorting-strategy}, and may also include criteria based on +the estimated effort of an entry (see @ref{Effort Estimates}). + +@node Filtering/limiting agenda items +@subsection Filtering/limiting agenda items + +@vindex org-agenda-category-filter-preset +@vindex org-agenda-tag-filter-preset +@vindex org-agenda-effort-filter-preset +@vindex org-agenda-regexp-filter-preset +Agenda built-in or custom commands are statically defined. Agenda +filters and limits allow to flexibly narrow down the list of agenda +entries. + +@emph{Filters} only change the visibility of items, are very fast and are +mostly used interactively@footnote{Custom agenda commands can preset a filter by binding one of +the variables @code{org-agenda-tag-filter-preset}, +@code{org-agenda-category-filter-preset}, @code{org-agenda-effort-filter-preset} +or @code{org-agenda-regexp-filter-preset} as an option. This filter is +then applied to the view and persists as a basic filter through +refreshes and more secondary filtering. The filter is a global +property of the entire agenda view---in a block agenda, you should +only set this in the global options section, not in the section of an +individual block.}. You can switch quickly between +different filters without having to recreate the agenda. @emph{Limits} on +the other hand take effect before the agenda buffer is populated, so +they are mostly useful when defined as local variables within custom +agenda commands. + +@anchor{Filtering in the agenda} +@subsubheading Filtering in the agenda + +@cindex agenda filtering +@cindex filtering entries, in agenda +@cindex tag filtering, in agenda +@cindex category filtering, in agenda +@cindex top headline filtering, in agenda +@cindex effort filtering, in agenda +@cindex query editing, in agenda + +The general filtering command is @code{org-agenda-filter}, bound to +@kbd{/}. Before we introduce it, we describe commands for +individual filter types. All filtering commands handle prefix +arguments in the same way: A single @kbd{C-u} prefix negates the +filter, so it removes lines selected by the filter. A double prefix +adds the new filter condition to the one(s) already in place, so +filter elements are accumulated. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{\} (@code{org-agenda-filter-by-tag}) +@findex org-agenda-filter-by-tag +Filter the agenda view with respect to a tag. You are prompted for +a tag selection letter; @kbd{@key{SPC}} means any tag at all. +Pressing @kbd{@key{TAB}} at that prompt offers completion to select a +tag, including any tags that do not have a selection character. The +command then hides all entries that do not contain or inherit this +tag. Pressing @kbd{+} or @kbd{-} at the prompt switches +between filtering for and against the next tag. To clear the +filter, press @kbd{\} twice (once to call the command again, +and once at the prompt). + +@item @kbd{<} (@code{org-agenda-filter-by-category}) +@findex org-agenda-filter-by-category +Filter by category of the line at point, and show only entries with +this category. When called with a prefix argument, hide all entries +with the category at point. To clear the filter, call this command +again by pressing @kbd{<}. + +@item @kbd{=} (@code{org-agenda-filter-by-regexp}) +@findex org-agenda-filter-by-regexp +Filter the agenda view by a regular expression: only show agenda +entries matching the regular expression the user entered. To clear +the filter, call the command again by pressing @kbd{=}. + +@item @kbd{_} (@code{org-agenda-filter-by-effort}) +@findex org-agenda-filter-by-effort +Filter the agenda view with respect to effort estimates, so select +tasks that take the right amount of time. You first need to set up +a list of efforts globally, for example + +@lisp +(setq org-global-properties + '(("Effort_ALL". "0 0:10 0:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00"))) +@end lisp + +@vindex org-sort-agenda-noeffort-is-high +You can then filter for an effort by first typing an operator, one +of @kbd{<}, @kbd{>} and @kbd{=}, and then the +one-digit index of an effort estimate in your array of allowed +values, where @kbd{0} means the 10th value. The filter then +restricts to entries with effort smaller-or-equal, equal, or +larger-or-equal than the selected value. For application of the +operator, entries without a defined effort are treated according to +the value of @code{org-sort-agenda-noeffort-is-high}. To clear the +filter, press @kbd{_} twice (once to call the command again, +and once at the first prompt). + +@item @kbd{^} (@code{org-agenda-filter-by-top-headline}) +@findex org-agenda-filter-by-top-headline +Filter the current agenda view and only display items that fall +under the same top-level headline as the current entry. To clear +the filter, call this command again by pressing @kbd{^}. + +@item @kbd{/} (@code{org-agenda-filter}) +@findex org-agenda-filter +This is the unified interface to four of the five filter methods +described above. At the prompt, specify different filter elements +in a single string, with full completion support. For example, + +@example ++work-John+<0:10-/plot/ +@end example + + +selects entries with category @samp{work} and effort estimates below 10 +minutes, and deselects entries with tag @samp{John} or matching the +regexp @samp{plot} (see @ref{Regular Expressions}). You can leave @samp{+} out if +that does not lead to ambiguities. The sequence of elements is +arbitrary. The filter syntax assumes that there is no overlap +between categories and tags. Otherwise, tags take priority. If you +reply to the prompt with the empty string, all filtering is removed. +If a filter is specified, it replaces all current filters. But if +you call the command with a double prefix argument, or if you add an +additional @samp{+} (e.g., @samp{++work}) to the front of the string, the new +filter elements are added to the active ones. A single prefix +argument applies the entire filter in a negative sense. + +@item @kbd{|} (@code{org-agenda-filter-remove-all}) +Remove all filters in the current agenda view. +@end table + +@anchor{Computed tag filtering} +@subsubheading Computed tag filtering + +@vindex org-agenda-auto-exclude-function +If the variable @code{org-agenda-auto-exclude-function} is set to +a user-defined function, that function can select tags that should be +used as a tag filter when requested. The function will be called with +lower-case versions of all tags represented in the current view. The +function should return @samp{"-tag"} if the filter should remove +entries with that tag, @samp{"+tag"} if only entries with this tag should +be kept, or @samp{nil} if that tag is irrelevant. For example, let's say +you use a @samp{Net} tag to identify tasks which need network access, an +@samp{Errand} tag for errands in town, and a @samp{Call} tag for making phone +calls. You could auto-exclude these tags based on the availability of +the Internet, and outside of business hours, with something like this: + +@lisp +(defun my-auto-exclude-fn (tag) + (when (cond ((string= tag "net") + (/= 0 (call-process "/sbin/ping" nil nil nil + "-c1" "-q" "-t1" "mail.gnu.org"))) + ((member tag '("errand" "call")) + (let ((hr (nth 2 (decode-time)))) + (or (< hr 8) (> hr 21))))) + (concat "-" tag))) + +(setq org-agenda-auto-exclude-function #'my-auto-exclude-fn) +@end lisp + +You can apply this self-adapting filter by using a triple prefix +argument to @code{org-agenda-filter}, i.e.@tie{}press @kbd{C-u C-u C-u /}, +or by pressing @kbd{@key{RET}} in @code{org-agenda-filter-by-tag}. + +@anchor{Setting limits for the agenda} +@subsubheading Setting limits for the agenda + +@cindex limits, in agenda + +Here is a list of options that you can set, either globally, or +locally in your custom agenda views (see @ref{Custom Agenda Views}). + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-agenda-max-entries} +@vindex org-agenda-max-entries +Limit the number of entries. + +@item @code{org-agenda-max-effort} +@vindex org-agenda-max-effort +Limit the duration of accumulated efforts (as minutes). + +@item @code{org-agenda-max-todos} +@vindex org-agenda-max-todos +Limit the number of entries with TODO keywords. + +@item @code{org-agenda-max-tags} +@vindex org-agenda-max-tags +Limit the number of tagged entries. +@end table + +When set to a positive integer, each option excludes entries from +other categories: for example, @samp{(setq org-agenda-max-effort 100)} +limits the agenda to 100 minutes of effort and exclude any entry that +has no effort property. If you want to include entries with no effort +property, use a negative value for @code{org-agenda-max-effort}. One +useful setup is to use @code{org-agenda-max-entries} locally in a custom +command. For example, this custom command displays the next five +entries with a @samp{NEXT} TODO keyword. + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("n" todo "NEXT" + ((org-agenda-max-entries 5))))) +@end lisp + +Once you mark one of these five entry as DONE, rebuilding the agenda +will again the next five entries again, including the first entry that +was excluded so far. + +You can also dynamically set temporary limits, which are lost when +rebuilding the agenda: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{~} (@code{org-agenda-limit-interactively}) +@findex org-agenda-limit-interactively +This prompts for the type of limit to apply and its value. +@end table + +@node Agenda Commands +@section Commands in the Agenda Buffer + +@cindex commands, in agenda buffer + +Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the Org file or diary +file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda +buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the +original entry location, and to edit the Org files ``remotely'' from the +agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once, +removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge. + +Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For +the other commands, point needs to be in the desired line. + +@anchor{Motion (1)} +@subheading Motion + +@cindex motion commands in agenda + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{n} (@code{org-agenda-next-line}) +@kindex n +@findex org-agenda-next-line +Next line (same as @kbd{@key{DOWN}} and @kbd{C-n}). + +@item @kbd{p} (@code{org-agenda-previous-line}) +@kindex p +@findex org-agenda-previous-line +Previous line (same as @kbd{@key{UP}} and @kbd{C-p}). +@end table + +@anchor{View/Go to Org file} +@subheading View/Go to Org file + +@cindex view file commands in agenda + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{@key{SPC}} or @kbd{mouse-3} (@code{org-agenda-show-and-scroll-up}) +@kindex SPC +@kindex mouse-3 +@findex org-agenda-show-and-scroll-up +Display the original location of the item in another window. +With a prefix argument, make sure that drawers stay folded. + +@item @kbd{L} (@code{org-agenda-recenter}) +@findex org-agenda-recenter +Display original location and recenter that window. + +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} or @kbd{mouse-2} (@code{org-agenda-goto}) +@kindex TAB +@kindex mouse-2 +@findex org-agenda-goto +Go to the original location of the item in another window. + +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} (@code{org-agenda-switch-to}) +@kindex RET +@findex org-agenda-switch-to +Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows. + +@item @kbd{F} (@code{org-agenda-follow-mode}) +@kindex F +@findex org-agenda-follow-mode +@vindex org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode +Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move point through the +agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding +location in the Org file. The initial setting for this mode in new +agenda buffers can be set with the variable +@code{org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x b} (@code{org-agenda-tree-to-indirect-buffer}) +@kindex C-c C-x b +@findex org-agenda-tree-to-indirect-buffer +Display the entire subtree of the current item in an indirect +buffer. With a numeric prefix argument N, go up to level N and then +take that tree. If N is negative, go up that many levels. With +a @kbd{C-u} prefix, do not remove the previously used indirect +buffer. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{org-agenda-open-link}) +@kindex C-c C-o +@findex org-agenda-open-link +Follow a link in the entry. This offers a selection of any links in +the text belonging to the referenced Org node. If there is only one +link, follow it without a selection prompt. +@end table + +@anchor{Change display} +@subheading Change display + +@cindex change agenda display +@cindex display changing, in agenda + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{A} +@kindex A +Interactively select another agenda view and append it to the +current view. + +@item @kbd{o} +@kindex o +Delete other windows. + +@item @kbd{v d} or short @kbd{d} (@code{org-agenda-day-view}) +@kindex v d +@kindex d +@findex org-agenda-day-view +Switch to day view. When switching to day view, this setting +becomes the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric +prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of +the year. For example, @kbd{32 d} jumps to February 1st. When +setting day view, a year may be encoded in the prefix argument as +well. For example, @kbd{200712 d} jumps to January 12, 2007. +If such a year specification has only one or two digits, it is +expanded into one of the 30 next years or the last 69 years. + +@item @kbd{v w} or short @kbd{w} (@code{org-agenda-week-view}) +@kindex v w +@kindex w +@findex org-agenda-week-view +Switch to week view. When switching week view, this setting becomes +the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric prefix +argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of the ISO +week. For example @kbd{9 w} to ISO week number 9. When +setting week view, a year may be encoded in the prefix argument as +well. For example, @kbd{200712 w} jumps to week 12 in 2007. +If such a year specification has only one or two digits, it is +expanded into one of the 30 next years or the last 69 years. + +@item @kbd{v m} (@code{org-agenda-month-view}) +@kindex v m +@findex org-agenda-month-view +Switch to month view. Because month views are slow to create, they +do not become the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. +A numeric prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific +day of the month. When setting month view, a year may be encoded in +the prefix argument as well. For example, @kbd{200712 m} jumps +to December, 2007. If such a year specification has only one or two +digits, it is expanded into one of the 30 next years or the last 69 +years. + +@item @kbd{v y} (@code{org-agenda-year-view}) +@kindex v y +@findex org-agenda-year-view +Switch to year view. Because year views are slow to create, they do +not become the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric +prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of +the year. + +@item @kbd{v @key{SPC}} (@code{org-agenda-reset-view}) +@kindex v SPC +@findex org-agenda-reset-view +@vindex org-agenda-span +Reset the current view to @code{org-agenda-span}. + +@item @kbd{f} (@code{org-agenda-later}) +@kindex f +@findex org-agenda-later +Go forward in time to display the span following the current one. +For example, if the display covers a week, switch to the following +week. With a prefix argument, repeat that many times. + +@item @kbd{b} (@code{org-agenda-earlier}) +@kindex b +@findex org-agenda-earlier +Go backward in time to display earlier dates. + +@item @kbd{.} (@code{org-agenda-goto-today}) +@kindex . +@findex org-agenda-goto-today +Go to today. + +@item @kbd{j} (@code{org-agenda-goto-date}) +@kindex j +@findex org-agenda-goto-date +Prompt for a date and go there. + +@item @kbd{J} (@code{org-agenda-clock-goto}) +@kindex J +@findex org-agenda-clock-goto +Go to the currently clocked-in task @emph{in the agenda buffer}. + +@item @kbd{D} (@code{org-agenda-toggle-diary}) +@kindex D +@findex org-agenda-toggle-diary +Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See @ref{Weekly/daily agenda}. + +@item @kbd{v l} or @kbd{v L} or short @kbd{l} (@code{org-agenda-log-mode}) +@kindex v l +@kindex l +@kindex v L +@findex org-agenda-log-mode +@vindex org-log-done +@vindex org-agenda-log-mode-items +Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that were marked as +done while logging was on (see the variable @code{org-log-done}) are +shown in the agenda, as are entries that have been clocked on that +day. You can configure the entry types that should be included in +log mode using the variable @code{org-agenda-log-mode-items}. When +called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, show all possible +logbook entries, including state changes. When called with two +prefix arguments @kbd{C-u C-u}, show only logging information, +nothing else. @kbd{v L} is equivalent to @kbd{C-u v l}. + +@item @kbd{v [} or short @kbd{[} (@code{org-agenda-manipulate-query-add}) +@kindex v [ +@kindex [ +@findex org-agenda-manipulate-query-add +Include inactive timestamps into the current view. Only for +weekly/daily agenda. + +@item @kbd{v a} (@code{org-agenda-archives-mode}) +@kindex v a +@findex org-agenda-archives-mode +Toggle Archives mode. In Archives mode, trees that are archived +(see @ref{Internal archiving}) are also scanned when producing the +agenda. To exit archives mode, press @kbd{v a} again. + +@item @kbd{v A} +@kindex v A +Toggle Archives mode. Include all archive files as well. + +@item @kbd{v R} or short @kbd{R} (@code{org-agenda-clockreport-mode}) +@kindex v R +@kindex R +@findex org-agenda-clockreport-mode +@vindex org-agenda-start-with-clockreport-mode +@vindex org-clock-report-include-clocking-task +Toggle Clockreport mode. In Clockreport mode, the daily/weekly +agenda always shows a table with the clocked times for the time span +and file scope covered by the current agenda view. The initial +setting for this mode in new agenda buffers can be set with the +variable @code{org-agenda-start-with-clockreport-mode}. By using +a prefix argument when toggling this mode (i.e., @kbd{C-u R}), +the clock table does not show contributions from entries that are +hidden by agenda filtering@footnote{Only tags filtering is respected here, effort filtering is +ignored.}. See also the variable +@code{org-clock-report-include-clocking-task}. + +@item @kbd{v c} +@kindex v c +@vindex org-agenda-clock-consistency-checks +Show overlapping clock entries, clocking gaps, and other clocking +problems in the current agenda range. You can then visit clocking +lines and fix them manually. See the variable +@code{org-agenda-clock-consistency-checks} for information on how to +customize the definition of what constituted a clocking problem. To +return to normal agenda display, press @kbd{l} to exit Logbook +mode. + +@item @kbd{v E} or short @kbd{E} (@code{org-agenda-entry-text-mode}) +@kindex v E +@kindex E +@findex org-agenda-entry-text-mode +@vindex org-agenda-start-with-entry-text-mode +@vindex org-agenda-entry-text-maxlines +Toggle entry text mode. In entry text mode, a number of lines from +the Org outline node referenced by an agenda line are displayed +below the line. The maximum number of lines is given by the +variable @code{org-agenda-entry-text-maxlines}. Calling this command +with a numeric prefix argument temporarily modifies that number to +the prefix value. + +@item @kbd{G} (@code{org-agenda-toggle-time-grid}) +@kindex G +@vindex org-agenda-use-time-grid +@vindex org-agenda-time-grid +Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables +@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid} and @code{org-agenda-time-grid}. + +@item @kbd{r} (@code{org-agenda-redo}) +@itemx @kbd{g} +@kindex r +@kindex g +@findex org-agenda-redo +Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes after +modification of the timestamps of items with @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} and +@kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}}. When the buffer is the global TODO list, +a prefix argument is interpreted to create a selective list for +a specific TODO keyword. + +@item @kbd{C-x C-s} or short @kbd{s} (@code{org-save-all-org-buffers}) +@kindex C-x C-s +@findex org-save-all-org-buffers +@kindex s +Save all Org buffers in the current Emacs session, and also the +locations of IDs. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-c} (@code{org-agenda-columns}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-c +@findex org-agenda-columns +@vindex org-columns-default-format +Invoke column view (see @ref{Column View}) in the agenda buffer. The +column view format is taken from the entry at point, or, if there is +no entry at point, from the first entry in the agenda view. So +whatever the format for that entry would be in the original buffer +(taken from a property, from a @samp{COLUMNS} keyword, or from the +default variable @code{org-columns-default-format}) is used in the +agenda. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x >} (@code{org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock}) +@kindex C-c C-x > +@findex org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock +Remove the restriction lock on the agenda, if it is currently +restricted to a file or subtree (see @ref{Agenda Files}). + +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}} (@code{org-agenda-drag-line-backward}) +@kindex M-UP +@findex org-agenda-drag-line-backward +Drag the line at point backward one line. With a numeric prefix +argument, drag backward by that many lines. + +Moving agenda lines does not persist after an agenda refresh and +does not modify the contributing Org files. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-agenda-drag-line-forward}) +@kindex M-DOWN +@findex org-agenda-drag-line-forward +Drag the line at point forward one line. With a numeric prefix +argument, drag forward by that many lines. +@end table + +@anchor{Remote editing} +@subheading Remote editing + +@cindex remote editing, from agenda + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{0--9} +Digit argument. + +@item @kbd{C-_} (@code{org-agenda-undo}) +@kindex C-_ +@findex org-agenda-undo +@cindex undoing remote-editing events +@cindex remote editing, undo +Undo a change due to a remote editing command. The change is undone +both in the agenda buffer and in the remote buffer. + +@item @kbd{t} (@code{org-agenda-todo}) +@kindex t +@findex org-agenda-todo +Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the +original Org file. A prefix arg is passed through to the @code{org-todo} +command, so for example a @kbd{C-u} prefix are will trigger +taking a note to document the state change. + +@item @kbd{C-S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-agenda-todo-nextset}) +@kindex C-S-RIGHT +@findex org-agenda-todo-nextset +Switch to the next set of TODO keywords. + +@item @kbd{C-S-@key{LEFT}}, @code{org-agenda-todo-previousset} +@kindex C-S-LEFT +Switch to the previous set of TODO keywords. + +@item @kbd{C-k} (@code{org-agenda-kill}) +@kindex C-k +@findex org-agenda-kill +@vindex org-agenda-confirm-kill +Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree +belonging to it in the original Org file. If the text to be deleted +remotely is longer than one line, the kill needs to be confirmed by +the user. See variable @code{org-agenda-confirm-kill}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-w} (@code{org-agenda-refile}) +@kindex C-c C-w +@findex org-agenda-refile +Refile the entry at point. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-a} or short @kbd{a} (@code{org-agenda-archive-default-with-confirmation}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-a +@kindex a +@findex org-agenda-archive-default-with-confirmation +@vindex org-archive-default-command +Archive the subtree corresponding to the entry at point using the +default archiving command set in @code{org-archive-default-command}. +When using the @kbd{a} key, confirmation is required. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x a} (@code{org-agenda-toggle-archive-tag}) +@kindex C-c C-x a +@findex org-agenda-toggle-archive-tag +Toggle the archive tag (see @ref{Internal archiving}) for the current +headline. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x A} (@code{org-agenda-archive-to-archive-sibling}) +@kindex C-c C-x A +@findex org-agenda-archive-to-archive-sibling +Move the subtree corresponding to the current entry to its @emph{archive +sibling}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-s} or short @kbd{$} (@code{org-agenda-archive}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-s +@kindex $ +@findex org-agenda-archive +Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline. This +means the entry is moved to the configured archive location, most +likely a different file. + +@item @kbd{T} (@code{org-agenda-show-tags}) +@kindex T +@findex org-agenda-show-tags +@vindex org-agenda-show-inherited-tags +Show all tags associated with the current item. This is useful if +you have turned off @code{org-agenda-show-inherited-tags}, but still want +to see all tags of a headline occasionally. + +@item @kbd{:} (@code{org-agenda-set-tags}) +@kindex : +@findex org-agenda-set-tags +Set tags for the current headline. If there is an active region in +the agenda, change a tag for all headings in the region. + +@item @kbd{,} (@code{org-agenda-priority}) +@kindex , +@findex org-agenda-priority +Set the priority for the current item. Org mode prompts for the +priority character. If you reply with @kbd{@key{SPC}}, the priority +cookie is removed from the entry. + +@item @kbd{+} or @kbd{S-@key{UP}} (@code{org-agenda-priority-up}) +@kindex + +@kindex S-UP +@findex org-agenda-priority-up +Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is changed +in the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted. Use the +@kbd{r} key for this. + +@item @kbd{-} or @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-agenda-priority-down}) +@kindex - +@kindex S-DOWN +@findex org-agenda-priority-down +Decrease the priority of the current item. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x e} or short @kbd{e} (@code{org-agenda-set-effort}) +@kindex e +@kindex C-c C-x e +@findex org-agenda-set-effort +Set the effort property for the current item. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-z} or short @kbd{z} (@code{org-agenda-add-note}) +@kindex z +@kindex C-c C-z +@findex org-agenda-add-note +@vindex org-log-into-drawer +Add a note to the entry. This note is recorded, and then filed to +the same location where state change notes are put. Depending on +@code{org-log-into-drawer}, this may be inside a drawer. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{org-attach}) +@kindex C-c C-a +@findex org-attach +Dispatcher for all command related to attachments. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{org-agenda-schedule}) +@kindex C-c C-s +@findex org-agenda-schedule +Schedule this item. With a prefix argument, remove the +scheduling timestamp + +@item @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{org-agenda-deadline}) +@kindex C-c C-d +@findex org-agenda-deadline +Set a deadline for this item. With a prefix argument, remove the +deadline. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} (@code{org-agenda-do-date-later}) +@kindex S-RIGHT +@findex org-agenda-do-date-later +Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day +into the future. If the date is in the past, the first call to this +command moves it to today. With a numeric prefix argument, change +it by that many days. For example, @kbd{3 6 5 S-@key{RIGHT}} changes +it by a year. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix, change the time by one +hour. If you immediately repeat the command, it will continue to +change hours even without the prefix argument. With a double +@kbd{C-u C-u} prefix, do the same for changing minutes. The +stamp is changed in the original Org file, but the change is not +directly reflected in the agenda buffer. Use @kbd{r} or +@kbd{g} to update the buffer. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} (@code{org-agenda-do-date-earlier}) +@kindex S-LEFT +@findex org-agenda-do-date-earlier +Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day +into the past. + +@item @kbd{>} (@code{org-agenda-date-prompt}) +@kindex > +@findex org-agenda-date-prompt +Change the timestamp associated with the current line. The key +@kbd{>} has been chosen, because it is the same as +@kbd{S-.} on my keyboard. + +@item @kbd{I} (@code{org-agenda-clock-in}) +@kindex I +@findex org-agenda-clock-in +Start the clock on the current item. If a clock is running already, +it is stopped first. + +@item @kbd{O} (@code{org-agenda-clock-out}) +@kindex O +@findex org-agenda-clock-out +Stop the previously started clock. + +@item @kbd{X} (@code{org-agenda-clock-cancel}) +@kindex X +@findex org-agenda-clock-cancel +Cancel the currently running clock. + +@item @kbd{J} (@code{org-agenda-clock-goto}) +@kindex J +@findex org-agenda-clock-goto +Jump to the running clock in another window. + +@item @kbd{k} (@code{org-agenda-capture}) +@kindex k +@findex org-agenda-capture +@cindex capturing, from agenda +@vindex org-capture-use-agenda-date +Like @code{org-capture}, but use the date at point as the default date +for the capture template. See @code{org-capture-use-agenda-date} to make +this the default behavior of @code{org-capture}. +@end table + +@anchor{Bulk remote editing selected entries} +@subheading Bulk remote editing selected entries + +@cindex remote editing, bulk, from agenda +@vindex org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{m} (@code{org-agenda-bulk-mark}) +@kindex m +@findex org-agenda-bulk-mark + +Mark the entry at point for bulk action. If there is an active +region in the agenda, mark the entries in the region. With numeric +prefix argument, mark that many successive entries. + +@item @kbd{*} (@code{org-agenda-bulk-mark-all}) +@kindex * +@findex org-agenda-bulk-mark-all + +Mark all visible agenda entries for bulk action. + +@item @kbd{u} (@code{org-agenda-bulk-unmark}) +@kindex u +@findex org-agenda-bulk-unmark + +Unmark entry for bulk action. + +@item @kbd{U} (@code{org-agenda-bulk-remove-all-marks}) +@kindex U +@findex org-agenda-bulk-remove-all-marks + +Unmark all marked entries for bulk action. + +@item @kbd{M-m} (@code{org-agenda-bulk-toggle}) +@kindex M-m +@findex org-agenda-bulk-toggle + +Toggle mark of the entry at point for bulk action. + +@item @kbd{M-*} (@code{org-agenda-bulk-toggle-all}) +@kindex M-* +@findex org-agenda-bulk-toggle-all + +Toggle mark of every entry for bulk action. + +@item @kbd{%} (@code{org-agenda-bulk-mark-regexp}) +@kindex % +@findex org-agenda-bulk-mark-regexp + +Mark entries matching a regular expression for bulk action. + +@item @kbd{B} (@code{org-agenda-bulk-action}) +@kindex B +@findex org-agenda-bulk-action +@vindex org-agenda-bulk-persistent-marks + +Bulk action: act on all marked entries in the agenda. This prompts +for another key to select the action to be applied. The prefix +argument to @kbd{B} is passed through to the @kbd{s} and +@kbd{d} commands, to bulk-remove these special timestamps. By +default, marks are removed after the bulk. If you want them to +persist, set @code{org-agenda-bulk-persistent-marks} to @code{t} or hit +@kbd{p} at the prompt. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{p} +Toggle persistent marks. + +@item @kbd{$} +Archive all selected entries. + +@item @kbd{A} +Archive entries by moving them to their respective archive +siblings. + +@item @kbd{t} +Change TODO state. This prompts for a single TODO keyword and +changes the state of all selected entries, bypassing blocking and +suppressing logging notes---but not timestamps. + +@item @kbd{+} +Add a tag to all selected entries. + +@item @kbd{-} +Remove a tag from all selected entries. + +@item @kbd{s} +Schedule all items to a new date. To shift existing schedule +dates by a fixed number of days, use something starting with +double plus at the prompt, for example @samp{++8d} or @samp{++2w}. + +@item @kbd{d} +Set deadline to a specific date. + +@item @kbd{r} +Prompt for a single refile target and move all entries. The +entries are no longer in the agenda; refresh (@kbd{g}) to +bring them back. + +@item @kbd{S} +Reschedule randomly into the coming N days. N is prompted for. +With a prefix argument (@kbd{C-u B S}), scatter only across +weekdays. + +@item @kbd{f} +@vindex org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions +Apply a function@footnote{You can also create persistent custom functions through +@code{org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions}.} to marked entries. For example, the +function below sets the @samp{CATEGORY} property of the entries to +@samp{web}. + +@lisp +(defun set-category () + (interactive "P") + (let ((marker (or (org-get-at-bol 'org-hd-marker) + (org-agenda-error)))) + (org-with-point-at marker + (org-back-to-heading t) + (org-set-property "CATEGORY" "web")))) +@end lisp +@end table +@end table + +@anchor{Calendar commands} +@subheading Calendar commands + +@cindex calendar commands, from agenda + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{c} (@code{org-agenda-goto-calendar}) +@kindex c +@findex org-agenda-goto-calendar +Open the Emacs calendar and go to the date at point in the agenda. + +@item @kbd{c} (@code{org-calendar-goto-agenda}) +@kindex c +@findex org-calendar-goto-agenda +When in the calendar, compute and show the Org agenda for the date +at point. + +@item @kbd{i} (@code{org-agenda-diary-entry}) +@kindex i +@findex org-agenda-diary-entry + +@cindex diary entries, creating from agenda +Insert a new entry into the diary, using the date at point and (for +block entries) the date at the mark. This adds to the Emacs diary +file@footnote{This file is parsed for the agenda when +@code{org-agenda-include-diary} is set.}, in a way similar to the @kbd{i} command in the +calendar. The diary file pops up in another window, where you can +add the entry. + +@vindex org-agenda-diary-file +If you configure @code{org-agenda-diary-file} to point to an Org file, +Org creates entries in that file instead. Most entries are stored +in a date-based outline tree that will later make it easy to archive +appointments from previous months/years. The tree is built under an +entry with a @samp{DATE_TREE} property, or else with years as top-level +entries. Emacs prompts you for the entry text---if you specify it, +the entry is created in @code{org-agenda-diary-file} without further +interaction. If you directly press @kbd{@key{RET}} at the prompt +without typing text, the target file is shown in another window for +you to finish the entry there. See also the @kbd{k r} command. + +@item @kbd{M} (@code{org-agenda-phases-of-moon}) +@kindex M +@findex org-agenda-phases-of-moon +Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current +date. + +@item @kbd{S} (@code{org-agenda-sunrise-sunset}) +@kindex S +@findex org-agenda-sunrise-sunset +Show sunrise and sunset times. The geographical location must be +set with calendar variables, see the documentation for the Emacs +calendar. + +@item @kbd{C} (@code{org-agenda-convert-date}) +@kindex C +@findex org-agenda-convert-date +Convert the date at point into many other cultural and historic +calendars. + +@item @kbd{H} (@code{org-agenda-holidays}) +@kindex H +@findex org-agenda-holidays +Show holidays for three months around point date. +@end table + +@anchor{Quit and exit} +@subheading Quit and exit + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{q} (@code{org-agenda-quit}) +@kindex q +@findex org-agenda-quit + +Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer. + +@item @kbd{x} (@code{org-agenda-exit}) +@kindex x +@findex org-agenda-exit + +@cindex agenda files, removing buffers +Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by +Emacs for the compilation of the agenda. Buffers created by the +user to visit Org files are not removed. +@end table + +@node Custom Agenda Views +@section Custom Agenda Views + +@cindex custom agenda views +@cindex agenda views, custom + +Custom agenda commands serve two purposes: to store and quickly access +frequently used TODO and tags searches, and to create special +composite agenda buffers. Custom agenda commands are accessible +through the dispatcher (see @ref{Agenda Dispatcher}), just like the +default commands. + +@menu +* Storing searches:: Type once, use often. +* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer. +* Setting options:: Changing the rules. +@end menu + +@node Storing searches +@subsection Storing searches + +The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard +shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda +buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the +current buffer). + +@kindex C @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands +@cindex agenda views, main example +@cindex agenda, as an agenda views +@cindex agenda*, as an agenda views +@cindex tags, as an agenda view +@cindex todo, as an agenda view +@cindex tags-todo +@cindex todo-tree +@cindex occur-tree +@cindex tags-tree +Custom commands are configured in the variable +@code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. You can customize this variable, for +example by pressing @kbd{C} from the agenda dispatcher (see @ref{Agenda Dispatcher}). You can also directly set it with Emacs Lisp in +the Emacs init file. The following example contains all valid agenda +views: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("x" agenda) + ("y" agenda*) + ("w" todo "WAITING") + ("W" todo-tree "WAITING") + ("u" tags "+boss-urgent") + ("v" tags-todo "+boss-urgent") + ("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent") + ("f" occur-tree "\\") + ("h" . "HOME+Name tags searches") ;description for "h" prefix + ("hl" tags "+home+Lisa") + ("hp" tags "+home+Peter") + ("hk" tags "+home+Kim"))) +@end lisp + +The initial string in each entry defines the keys you have to press +after the dispatcher command in order to access the command. Usually +this is just a single character, but if you have many similar +commands, you can also define two-letter combinations where the first +character is the same in several combinations and serves as a prefix +key@footnote{You can provide a description for a prefix key by inserting +a cons cell with the prefix and the description.}. The second parameter is the search type, followed by the +string or regular expression to be used for the matching. The example +above will therefore define: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{x} +as a global search for agenda entries planned@footnote{@emph{Planned} means here that these entries have some planning +information attached to them, like a time-stamp, a scheduled or +a deadline string. See @code{org-agenda-entry-types} on how to set what +planning information is taken into account.} this week/day. + +@item @kbd{y} +as the same search, but only for entries with an hour specification +like @samp{[h]h:mm}---think of them as appointments. + +@item @kbd{w} +as a global search for TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as the TODO +keyword. + +@item @kbd{W} +as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying +the results as a sparse tree. + +@item @kbd{u} +as a global tags search for headlines tagged @samp{boss} but not +@samp{urgent}. + +@item @kbd{v} +The same search, but limiting it to headlines that are also TODO +items. + +@item @kbd{U} +as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying +the result as a sparse tree. + +@item @kbd{f} +to create a sparse tree (again, current buffer only) with all +entries containing the word @samp{FIXME}. + +@item @kbd{h} +as a prefix command for a @samp{HOME} tags search where you have to press +an additional key (@kbd{l}, @kbd{p} or @kbd{k}) to +select a name (Lisa, Peter, or Kim) as additional tag to match. +@end table + +Note that @code{*-tree} agenda views need to be called from an Org buffer +as they operate on the current buffer only. + +@node Block agenda +@subsection Block agenda + +@cindex block agenda +@cindex agenda, with block views + +Another possibility is the construction of agenda views that comprise +the results of @emph{several} commands, each of which creates a block in +the agenda buffer. The available commands include @code{agenda} for the +daily or weekly agenda (as created with @kbd{a}) , @code{alltodo} for +the global TODO list (as constructed with @kbd{t}), @code{stuck} for +the list of stuck projects (as obtained with @kbd{#}) and the +matching commands discussed above: @code{todo}, @code{tags}, and @code{tags-todo}. + +Here are two examples: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" + ((agenda "") + (tags-todo "home") + (tags "garden"))) + ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" + ((agenda "") + (tags-todo "work") + (tags "office"))))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +This defines @kbd{h} to create a multi-block view for stuff you +need to attend to at home. The resulting agenda buffer contains your +agenda for the current week, all TODO items that carry the tag @samp{home}, +and also all lines tagged with @samp{garden}. Finally the command +@kbd{o} provides a similar view for office tasks. + +@node Setting options +@subsection Setting options for custom commands + +@cindex options, for custom agenda views + +@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands +Org mode contains a number of variables regulating agenda construction +and display. The global variables define the behavior for all agenda +commands, including the custom commands. However, if you want to +change some settings just for a single custom view, you can do so. +Setting options requires inserting a list of variable names and values +at the right spot in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. For example: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("w" todo "WAITING" + ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down)) + (org-agenda-prefix-format " Mixed: "))) + ("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent" + ((org-show-context-detail 'minimal))) + ("N" search "" + ((org-agenda-files '("~org/notes.org")) + (org-agenda-text-search-extra-files nil))))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +Now the @kbd{w} command sorts the collected entries only by +priority, and the prefix format is modified to just say @samp{Mixed:} +instead of giving the category of the entry. The sparse tags tree of +@kbd{U} now turns out ultra-compact, because neither the headline +hierarchy above the match, nor the headline following the match are +shown. The command @kbd{N} does a text search limited to only +a single file. + +For command sets creating a block agenda, @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} +has two separate spots for setting options. You can add options that +should be valid for just a single command in the set, and options that +should be valid for all commands in the set. The former are just +added to the command entry; the latter must come after the list of +command entries. Going back to the block agenda example (see @ref{Block agenda}), let's change the sorting strategy for the @kbd{h} +commands to @code{priority-down}, but let's sort the results for @samp{garden} +tags query in the opposite order, @code{priority-up}. This would look like +this: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" + ((agenda) + (tags-todo "home") + (tags "garden" + ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up))))) + ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down)))) + ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" + ((agenda) + (tags-todo "work") + (tags "office"))))) +@end lisp + +As you see, the values and parentheses setting is a little complex. +When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable---it +fully supports its structure. Just one caveat: when setting options +in this interface, the @emph{values} are just Lisp expressions. So if the +value is a string, you need to add the double-quotes around the value +yourself. + +@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts +To control whether an agenda command should be accessible from +a specific context, you can customize +@code{org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts}. Let's say for example that you +have an agenda command @kbd{o} displaying a view that you only +need when reading emails. Then you would configure this option like +this: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts + '(("o" (in-mode . "message-mode")))) +@end lisp + +You can also tell that the command key @kbd{o} should refer to +another command key @kbd{r}. In that case, add this command key +like this: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts + '(("o" "r" (in-mode . "message-mode")))) +@end lisp + +See the docstring of the variable for more information. + +@node Exporting Agenda Views +@section Exporting Agenda Views + +@cindex agenda views, exporting + +If you are away from your computer, it can be very useful to have +a printed version of some agenda views to carry around. Org mode can +export custom agenda views as plain text, HTML@footnote{For HTML you need to install Hrvoje NikÅ¡ić's @samp{htmlize.el} +as an Emacs package from MELPA or from @uref{https://github.com/hniksic/emacs-htmlize, Hrvoje NikÅ¡ić's repository}.}, Postscript, +PDF@footnote{To create PDF output, the Ghostscript ps2pdf utility must be +installed on the system. Selecting a PDF file also creates the +postscript file.}, and iCalendar files. If you want to do this only +occasionally, use the following command: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-x C-w} (@code{org-agenda-write}) +@kindex C-x C-w +@findex org-agenda-write +@cindex exporting agenda views +@cindex agenda views, exporting + +@vindex org-agenda-exporter-settings +Write the agenda view to a file. +@end table + +If you need to export certain agenda views frequently, you can +associate any custom agenda command with a list of output file +names@footnote{If you want to store standard views like the weekly agenda or +the global TODO list as well, you need to define custom commands for +them in order to be able to specify file names.}. Here is an example that first defines custom commands +for the agenda and the global TODO list, together with a number of +files to which to export them. Then we define two block agenda +commands and specify file names for them as well. File names can be +relative to the current working directory, or absolute. + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("X" agenda "" nil ("agenda.html" "agenda.ps")) + ("Y" alltodo "" nil ("todo.html" "todo.txt" "todo.ps")) + ("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" + ((agenda "") + (tags-todo "home") + (tags "garden")) + nil + ("~/views/home.html")) + ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" + ((agenda) + (tags-todo "work") + (tags "office")) + nil + ("~/views/office.ps" "~/calendars/office.ics")))) +@end lisp + +The extension of the file name determines the type of export. If it +is @samp{.html}, Org mode uses the htmlize package to convert the buffer to +HTML and save it to this file name. If the extension is @samp{.ps}, +@code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} is used to produce Postscript output. If +the extension is @samp{.ics}, iCalendar export is run export over all files +that were used to construct the agenda, and limit the export to +entries listed in the agenda. Any other extension produces a plain +ASCII file. + +The export files are @emph{not} created when you use one of those +commands interactively because this might use too much overhead. +Instead, there is a special command to produce @emph{all} specified +files in one step: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{e} (@code{org-store-agenda-views}) +@kindex e @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-store-agenda-views +Export all agenda views that have export file names associated with +them. +@end table + +You can use the options section of the custom agenda commands to also +set options for the export commands. For example: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("X" agenda "" + ((ps-number-of-columns 2) + (ps-landscape-mode t) + (org-agenda-prefix-format " [ ] ") + (org-agenda-with-colors nil) + (org-agenda-remove-tags t)) + ("theagenda.ps")))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +@vindex org-agenda-exporter-settings +This command sets two options for the Postscript exporter, to make it +print in two columns in landscape format---the resulting page can be +cut in two and then used in a paper agenda. The remaining settings +modify the agenda prefix to omit category and scheduling information, +and instead include a checkbox to check off items. We also remove the +tags to make the lines compact, and we do not want to use colors for +the black-and-white printer. Settings specified in +@code{org-agenda-exporter-settings} also apply, e.g., + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-exporter-settings + '((ps-number-of-columns 2) + (ps-landscape-mode t) + (org-agenda-add-entry-text-maxlines 5) + (htmlize-output-type 'css))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +but the settings in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} take precedence. + +From the command line you may also use: + +@example +emacs -eval (org-batch-store-agenda-views) -kill +@end example + +@noindent +or, if you need to modify some parameters@footnote{Quoting depends on the system you use, please check the FAQ +for examples.} + +@example +emacs -eval '(org-batch-store-agenda-views \ + org-agenda-span (quote month) \ + org-agenda-start-day "2007-11-01" \ + org-agenda-include-diary nil \ + org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \ + -kill +@end example + +@noindent +which creates the agenda views restricted to the file +@samp{~/org/project.org}, without diary entries and with a 30-day extent. + +You can also extract agenda information in a way that allows further +processing by other programs. See @ref{Extracting Agenda Information}, for +more information. + +@node Agenda Column View +@section Using Column View in the Agenda + +@cindex column view, in agenda +@cindex agenda, column view + +Column view (see @ref{Column View}) is normally used to view and edit +properties embedded in the hierarchical structure of an Org file. It +can be quite useful to use column view also from the agenda, where +entries are collected by certain criteria. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-c} (@code{org-agenda-columns}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-c +@findex org-agenda-columns + +Turn on column view in the agenda. +@end table + +To understand how to use this properly, it is important to realize +that the entries in the agenda are no longer in their proper outline +environment. This causes the following issues: + +@enumerate +@item +@vindex org-columns-default-format-for-agenda +@vindex org-columns-default-format +Org needs to make a decision which columns format to use. Since +the entries in the agenda are collected from different files, and +different files may have different columns formats, this is a +non-trivial problem. Org first checks if +@code{org-overriding-columns-format} is currently set, and if so, takes +the format from there. You should set this variable only in the +@emph{local settings section} of a custom agenda command (see @ref{Custom Agenda Views}) to make it valid for that specific agenda view. If +no such binding exists, it checks, in sequence, +@code{org-columns-default-format-for-agenda}, the format associated with +the first item in the agenda (through a property or a @samp{#+COLUMNS} +setting in that buffer) and finally @code{org-columns-default-format}. + +@item +@cindex @samp{CLOCKSUM}, special property +If any of the columns has a summary type defined (see @ref{Column attributes}), turning on column view in the agenda visits all +relevant agenda files and make sure that the computations of this +property are up to date. This is also true for the special +@samp{CLOCKSUM} property. Org then sums the values displayed in the +agenda. In the daily/weekly agenda, the sums cover a single day; +in all other views they cover the entire block. + +It is important to realize that the agenda may show the same entry +@emph{twice}---for example as scheduled and as a deadline---and it may +show two entries from the same hierarchy (for example a @emph{parent} +and its @emph{child}). In these cases, the summation in the agenda +leads to incorrect results because some values count double. + +@item +When the column view in the agenda shows the @samp{CLOCKSUM} property, +that is always the entire clocked time for this item. So even in +the daily/weekly agenda, the clocksum listed in column view may +originate from times outside the current view. This has the +advantage that you can compare these values with a column listing +the planned total effort for a task---one of the major +applications for column view in the agenda. If you want +information about clocked time in the displayed period use clock +table mode (press @kbd{R} in the agenda). + +@item +@cindex @samp{CLOCKSUM_T}, special property +When the column view in the agenda shows the @samp{CLOCKSUM_T} property, +that is always today's clocked time for this item. So even in the +weekly agenda, the clocksum listed in column view only originates +from today. This lets you compare the time you spent on a task for +today, with the time already spent---via @samp{CLOCKSUM}---and with +the planned total effort for it. +@end enumerate + +@node Markup for Rich Contents +@chapter Markup for Rich Contents + +Org is primarily about organizing and searching through your +plain-text notes. However, it also provides a lightweight yet robust +markup language for rich text formatting and more. For instance, you +may want to center or emphasize text. Or you may need to insert +a formula or image in your writing. Org offers syntax for all of this +and more. Used in conjunction with the export framework (see +@ref{Exporting}), you can author beautiful documents in Org---like the fine +manual you are currently reading. + +@menu +* Paragraphs:: The basic unit of text. +* Emphasis and Monospace:: Bold, italic, etc. +* Subscripts and Superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text. +* Special Symbols:: Greek letters and other symbols. +* Embedded @LaTeX{}:: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents. +* Literal Examples:: Source code examples with special formatting. +* Images:: Display an image. +* Captions:: Describe tables, images... +* Horizontal Rules:: Make a line. +* Creating Footnotes:: Edit and read footnotes. +@end menu + +@node Paragraphs +@section Paragraphs + +@cindex paragraphs, markup rules +Paragraphs are separated by at least one empty line. If you need to +enforce a line break within a paragraph, use @samp{\\} at the end of +a line. + +@cindex line breaks, markup rules +To preserve the line breaks, indentation and blank lines in a region, +but otherwise use normal formatting, you can use this construct, which +can also be used to format poetry. + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_VERSE} +@cindex verse blocks +@example +#+BEGIN_VERSE + Great clouds overhead + Tiny black birds rise and fall + Snow covers Emacs + + ---AlexSchroeder +#+END_VERSE +@end example + +When quoting a passage from another document, it is customary to +format this as a paragraph that is indented on both the left and the +right margin. You can include quotations in Org documents like this: + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_QUOTE} +@cindex quote blocks +@example +#+BEGIN_QUOTE +Everything should be made as simple as possible, +but not any simpler ---Albert Einstein +#+END_QUOTE +@end example + +If you would like to center some text, do it like this: + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_CENTER} +@cindex center blocks +@example +#+BEGIN_CENTER +Everything should be made as simple as possible, \\ +but not any simpler +#+END_CENTER +@end example + +@node Emphasis and Monospace +@section Emphasis and Monospace + +@cindex underlined text, markup rules +@cindex bold text, markup rules +@cindex italic text, markup rules +@cindex verbatim text, markup rules +@cindex code text, markup rules +@cindex strike-through text, markup rules + +You can make words @samp{*bold*}, @samp{/italic/}, @samp{_underlined_}, @samp{=verbatim=} +and @samp{~code~}, and, if you must, @samp{+strike-through+}. Text in the code +and verbatim string is not processed for Org specific syntax; it is +exported verbatim. + +@vindex org-fontify-emphasized-text +To turn off fontification for marked up text, you can set +@code{org-fontify-emphasized-text} to @code{nil}. To narrow down the list of +available markup syntax, you can customize @code{org-emphasis-alist}. + +Sometimes, when marked text also contains the marker character itself, +the result may be unsettling. For example, + +@example +/One may expect this whole sentence to be italicized, but the +following ~user/?variable~ contains =/= character, which effectively +stops emphasis there./ +@end example + +You can use zero width space to help Org sorting out the ambiguity. +See @ref{Escape Character} for more details. + +@node Subscripts and Superscripts +@section Subscripts and Superscripts + +@cindex subscript +@cindex superscript + +@samp{^} and @samp{_} are used to indicate super- and subscripts. To increase +the readability of ASCII text, it is not necessary, but OK, to +surround multi-character sub- and superscripts with curly braces. For +example + +@example +The radius of the sun is R_sun = 6.96 x 10^8 m. On the other hand, +the radius of Alpha Centauri is R_@{Alpha Centauri@} = 1.28 x R_@{sun@}. +@end example + +@vindex org-use-sub-superscripts +If you write a text where the underscore is often used in a different +context, Org's convention to always interpret these as subscripts can +get in your way. Configure the variable @code{org-use-sub-superscripts} to +change this convention. For example, when setting this variable to +@code{@{@}}, @samp{a_b} is not interpreted as a subscript, but @samp{a_@{b@}} is. + +You can set @code{org-use-sub-superscripts} in a file using the export +option @samp{^:} (see @ref{Export Settings}). For example, @samp{#+OPTIONS: ^:@{@}} +sets @code{org-use-sub-superscripts} to @code{@{@}} and limits super- and +subscripts to the curly bracket notation. + +You can also toggle the visual display of super- and subscripts: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x \} (@code{org-toggle-pretty-entities}) +@kindex C-c C-x \ +@findex org-toggle-pretty-entities +This command formats sub- and superscripts in a WYSIWYM way. +@end table + +@vindex org-pretty-entities +@vindex org-pretty-entities-include-sub-superscripts +Set both @code{org-pretty-entities} and +@code{org-pretty-entities-include-sub-superscripts} to @code{t} to start with +super- and subscripts @emph{visually} interpreted as specified by the +option @code{org-use-sub-superscripts}. + +@node Special Symbols +@section Special Symbols + +@cindex math symbols +@cindex special symbols +@cindex entities + +You can use @LaTeX{}-like syntax to insert special symbols---named +entities---like @samp{\alpha} to indicate the Greek letter, or @samp{\to} to indicate +an arrow. Completion for these symbols is available, just type @samp{\} +and maybe a few letters, and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to see possible +completions. If you need such a symbol inside a word, terminate it +with a pair of curly brackets. For example + +@example +Pro tip: Given a circle \Gamma of diameter d, the length of its +circumference is \pi@{@}d. +@end example + +@findex org-entities-help +@vindex org-entities-user +A large number of entities is provided, with names taken from both +HTML and @LaTeX{}; you can comfortably browse the complete list from +a dedicated buffer using the command @code{org-entities-help}. It is also +possible to provide your own special symbols in the variable +@code{org-entities-user}. + +During export, these symbols are transformed into the native format of +the exporter back-end. Strings like @samp{\alpha} are exported as @samp{α} in +the HTML output, and as @samp{\(\alpha\)} in the @LaTeX{} output. Similarly, @samp{\nbsp} +becomes @samp{ } in HTML and @samp{~} in @LaTeX{}. + +@cindex special symbols, in-buffer display +If you would like to see entities displayed as UTF-8 characters, use +the following command@footnote{You can turn this on by default by setting the variable +@code{org-pretty-entities}, or on a per-file base with the @samp{STARTUP} option +@samp{entitiespretty}.}: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x \} (@code{org-toggle-pretty-entities}) +@kindex C-c C-x \ +@findex org-toggle-pretty-entities + +Toggle display of entities as UTF-8 characters. This does not +change the buffer content which remains plain ASCII, but it overlays +the UTF-8 character for display purposes only. +@end table + +@cindex shy hyphen, special symbol +@cindex dash, special symbol +@cindex ellipsis, special symbol +In addition to regular entities defined above, Org exports in +a special way@footnote{This behavior can be disabled with @samp{-} export setting (see +@ref{Export Settings}).} the following commonly used character +combinations: @samp{\-} is treated as a shy hyphen, @samp{--} and @samp{---} are +converted into dashes, and @samp{...} becomes a compact set of dots. + +@node Embedded @LaTeX{} +@section Embedded @LaTeX{} + +@cindex @TeX{} interpretation +@cindex @LaTeX{} interpretation + +Plain ASCII is normally sufficient for almost all note taking. +Exceptions include scientific notes, which often require mathematical +symbols and the occasional formula. @LaTeX{}@footnote{@LaTeX{} is a macro system based on Donald@tie{}E@.@tie{}Knuth's @TeX{} +system. Many of the features described here as ``@LaTeX{}'' are really +from @TeX{}, but for simplicity I am blurring this distinction.} is widely used to +typeset scientific documents. Org mode supports embedding @LaTeX{} code +into its files, because many academics are used to writing and reading +@LaTeX{} source code, and because it can be readily processed to produce +pretty output for a number of export back-ends. + +@menu +* @LaTeX{} fragments:: Complex formulas made easy. +* Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments:: What will this snippet look like? +* CD@LaTeX{} mode:: Speed up entering of formulas. +@end menu + +@node @LaTeX{} fragments +@subsection @LaTeX{} fragments + +@cindex @LaTeX{} fragments + +@vindex org-format-latex-header +Org mode can contain @LaTeX{} math fragments, and it supports ways to +process these for several export back-ends. When exporting to @LaTeX{}, +the code is left as it is. When exporting to HTML, Org can use either +@uref{https://www.mathjax.org, MathJax} (see @ref{Math formatting in HTML export}) or transcode the math +into images (see @ref{Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments}). + +@LaTeX{} fragments do not need any special marking at all. The following +snippets are identified as @LaTeX{} source code: + +@itemize +@item +Environments of any kind@footnote{When MathJax is used, only the environments recognized by +MathJax are processed. When dvipng, dvisvgm, or ImageMagick suite is +used to create images, any @LaTeX{} environment is handled.}. The only requirement is that the +@samp{\begin} statement appears on a new line, preceded by only +whitespace. + +@item +Text within the usual @LaTeX{} math delimiters. To avoid conflicts +with currency specifications, single @samp{$} characters are only +recognized as math delimiters if the enclosed text contains at most +two line breaks, is directly attached to the @samp{$} characters with no +whitespace in between, and if the closing @samp{$} is followed by +whitespace, punctuation or a dash. For the other delimiters, there +is no such restriction, so when in doubt, use @samp{\(...\)} as inline +math delimiters. +@end itemize + +@noindent +For example: + +@example +\begin@{equation@} % arbitrary environments, +x=\sqrt@{b@} % even tables, figures +\end@{equation@} % etc + +If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be +either $$ a=+\sqrt@{2@} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt@{2@} \]. +@end example + +@vindex org-export-with-latex +@LaTeX{} processing can be configured with the variable +@code{org-export-with-latex}. The default setting is @code{t} which means +MathJax for HTML, and no processing for ASCII and @LaTeX{} back-ends. +You can also set this variable on a per-file basis using one of these +lines: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{#+OPTIONS: tex:t} +@tab Do the right thing automatically (MathJax) +@item @samp{#+OPTIONS: tex:nil} +@tab Do not process @LaTeX{} fragments at all +@item @samp{#+OPTIONS: tex:verbatim} +@tab Verbatim export, for jsMath or so +@end multitable + +@node Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments +@subsection Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments + +@cindex @LaTeX{} fragments, preview + +@vindex org-preview-latex-default-process +If you have a working @LaTeX{} installation and @samp{dvipng}, @samp{dvisvgm} or +@samp{convert} installed@footnote{These are respectively available at +@uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/}, @uref{http://dvisvgm.bplaced.net/} +and from the ImageMagick suite. Choose the converter by setting the +variable @code{org-preview-latex-default-process} accordingly.}, @LaTeX{} fragments can be processed to +produce images of the typeset expressions to be used for inclusion +while exporting to HTML (see @ref{@LaTeX{} fragments}), or for inline +previewing within Org mode. + +@vindex org-format-latex-options +@vindex org-format-latex-header +You can customize the variables @code{org-format-latex-options} and +@code{org-format-latex-header} to influence some aspects of the preview. +In particular, the @code{:scale} (and for HTML export, @code{:html-scale}) +property of the former can be used to adjust the size of the preview +images. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-l} (@code{org-latex-preview}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-l +@findex org-latex-preview + +Produce a preview image of the @LaTeX{} fragment at point and overlay +it over the source code. If there is no fragment at point, process +all fragments in the current entry---between two headlines. + +When called with a single prefix argument, clear all images in the +current entry. Two prefix arguments produce a preview image for all +fragments in the buffer, while three of them clear all the images in +that buffer. +@end table + +@vindex org-startup-with-latex-preview +You can turn on the previewing of all @LaTeX{} fragments in a file with + +@example +#+STARTUP: latexpreview +@end example + + +To disable it, simply use + +@example +#+STARTUP: nolatexpreview +@end example + +@node CD@LaTeX{} mode +@subsection Using CD@LaTeX{} to enter math + +@cindex CD@LaTeX{} + +CD@LaTeX{} mode is a minor mode that is normally used in combination with +a major @LaTeX{} mode like AUC@TeX{} in order to speed-up insertion of +environments and math templates. Inside Org mode, you can make use of +some of the features of CD@LaTeX{} mode. You need to install +@samp{cdlatex.el} and @samp{texmathp.el} (the latter comes also with AUC@TeX{}) +using @uref{https://melpa.org/, MELPA} with the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Package-Installation.html, Emacs packaging system} or alternatively from +@uref{https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/c.dominik/Tools/cdlatex/}. Do not use +CD@LaTeX{} mode itself under Org mode, but use the special version Org +CD@LaTeX{} minor mode that comes as part of Org. Turn it on for the +current buffer with @kbd{M-x org-cdlatex-mode}, or for all Org +files with + +@lisp +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook #'turn-on-org-cdlatex) +@end lisp + +When this mode is enabled, the following features are present (for +more details see the documentation of CD@LaTeX{} mode): + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c @{} +@kindex C-c @{ + +Insert an environment template. + +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} +@kindex TAB + +The @kbd{@key{TAB}} key expands the template if point is inside +a @LaTeX{} fragment@footnote{Org mode has a method to test if point is inside such +a fragment, see the documentation of the function +@code{org-inside-LaTeX-fragment-p}.}. For example, @kbd{@key{TAB}} expands @samp{fr} +to @samp{\frac@{@}@{@}} and position point correctly inside the first brace. +Another @kbd{@key{TAB}} gets you into the second brace. + +Even outside fragments, @kbd{@key{TAB}} expands environment +abbreviations at the beginning of a line. For example, if you write +@samp{equ} at the beginning of a line and press @kbd{@key{TAB}}, this +abbreviation is expanded to an @samp{equation} environment. To get +a list of all abbreviations, type @kbd{M-x cdlatex-command-help}. + +@item @kbd{^} +@itemx @kbd{_} +@kindex _ +@kindex ^ +@vindex cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts + +Pressing @kbd{_} and @kbd{^} inside a @LaTeX{} fragment +inserts these characters together with a pair of braces. If you use +@kbd{@key{TAB}} to move out of the braces, and if the braces surround +only a single character or macro, they are removed again (depending +on the variable @code{cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts}). + +@item @kbd{`} +@kindex ` + +Pressing the backquote followed by a character inserts math macros, +also outside @LaTeX{} fragments. If you wait more than 1.5 seconds +after the backquote, a help window pops up. + +@item @kbd{'} +@kindex ' + +Pressing the single-quote followed by another character modifies the +symbol before point with an accent or a font. If you wait more than +1.5 seconds after the single-quote, a help window pops up. +Character modification works only inside @LaTeX{} fragments; outside +the quote is normal. +@end table + +@node Literal Examples +@section Literal Examples + +@cindex literal examples, markup rules +@cindex code line references, markup rules + +You can include literal examples that should not be subjected to +markup. Such examples are typeset in monospace, so this is well +suited for source code and similar examples. + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_EXAMPLE} +@cindex example block +@example +#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + Some example from a text file. +#+END_EXAMPLE +@end example + +@cindex comma escape, in literal examples +There is one limitation, however. You must insert a comma right +before lines starting with either @samp{*}, @samp{,*}, @samp{#+} or @samp{,#+}, as those +may be interpreted as outlines nodes or some other special syntax. +Org transparently strips these additional commas whenever it accesses +the contents of the block. + +@example +#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE +,* I am no real headline +#+END_EXAMPLE +@end example + +For simplicity when using small examples, you can also start the +example lines with a colon followed by a space. There may also be +additional whitespace before the colon: + +@example +Here is an example + : Some example from a text file. +@end example + +@cindex formatting source code, markup rules +@vindex org-latex-listings +If the example is source code from a programming language, or any +other text that can be marked up by Font Lock in Emacs, you can ask +for the example to look like the fontified Emacs buffer@footnote{This works automatically for the HTML backend (it requires +version 1.34 of the @samp{htmlize.el} package, which you need to install). +Fontified code chunks in @LaTeX{} can be achieved using either the +@uref{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/listings, listings} package or the @uref{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/minted, minted} package. Refer to +@code{org-latex-listings} for details.}. This +is done with the code block, where you also need to specify the name +of the major mode that should be used to fontify the example@footnote{Source code in code blocks may also be evaluated either +interactively or on export. See @ref{Working with Source Code} for more +information on evaluating code blocks.}, +see @ref{Structure Templates} for shortcuts to easily insert code blocks. + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_SRC} +@cindex source block +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (defun org-xor (a b) + "Exclusive or." + (if a (not b) b)) + #+END_SRC +@end example + +Both in @samp{example} and in @samp{src} snippets, you can add a @samp{-n} switch to +the end of the @samp{#+BEGIN} line, to get the lines of the example +numbered. The @samp{-n} takes an optional numeric argument specifying the +starting line number of the block. If you use a @samp{+n} switch, the +numbering from the previous numbered snippet is continued in the +current one. The @samp{+n} switch can also take a numeric argument. This +adds the value of the argument to the last line of the previous block +to determine the starting line number. + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp -n 20 + ;; This exports with line number 20. + (message "This is line 21") +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp +n 10 + ;; This is listed as line 31. + (message "This is line 32") +#+END_SRC +@end example + +In literal examples, Org interprets strings like @samp{(ref:name)} as +labels, and use them as targets for special hyperlinks like +@samp{[[(name)]]}---i.e., the reference name enclosed in single parenthesis. +In HTML, hovering the mouse over such a link remote-highlights the +corresponding code line, which is kind of cool. + +You can also add a @samp{-r} switch which @emph{removes} the labels from the +source code@footnote{Adding @samp{-k} to @samp{-n -r} @emph{keeps} the labels in the source code +while using line numbers for the links, which might be useful to +explain those in an Org mode example code.}. With the @samp{-n} switch, links to these references +are labeled by the line numbers from the code listing. Otherwise +links use the labels with no parentheses. Here is an example: + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp -n -r + (save-excursion (ref:sc) + (goto-char (point-min)) (ref:jump) +#+END_SRC +In line [[(sc)]] we remember the current position. [[(jump)][Line (jump)]] +jumps to point-min. +@end example + +@cindex indentation, in source blocks +Source code and examples may be @emph{indented} in order to align nicely +with the surrounding text, and in particular with plain list structure +(see @ref{Plain Lists}). By default, Org only retains the relative +indentation between lines, e.g., when exporting the contents of the +block. However, you can use the @samp{-i} switch to also preserve the +global indentation, if it does matter. See @ref{Editing Source Code}. + +@vindex org-coderef-label-format +If the syntax for the label format conflicts with the language syntax, +use a @samp{-l} switch to change the format, for example + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC pascal -n -r -l "((%s))" +@end example + + +@noindent +See also the variable @code{org-coderef-label-format}. + +HTML export also allows examples to be published as text areas (see +@ref{Text areas in HTML export}). + +Because the @samp{#+BEGIN} @dots{} @samp{#+END} patterns need to be added so often, +a shortcut is provided (see @ref{Structure Templates}). + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c '} (@code{org-edit-special}) +@kindex C-c ' +@findex org-edit-special +Edit the source code example at point in its native mode. This +works by switching to a temporary buffer with the source code. You +need to exit by pressing @kbd{C-c '} again. The edited version +then replaces the old version in the Org buffer. Fixed-width +regions---where each line starts with a colon followed by +a space---are edited using Artist mode@footnote{You may select a different mode with the variable +@code{org-edit-fixed-width-region-mode}.} to allow creating +ASCII drawings easily. Using this command in an empty line creates +a new fixed-width region. +@end table + +@cindex storing link, in a source code buffer +Calling @code{org-store-link} (see @ref{Handling Links}) while editing a source +code example in a temporary buffer created with @kbd{C-c '} +prompts for a label. Make sure that it is unique in the current +buffer, and insert it with the proper formatting like @samp{(ref:label)} at +the end of the current line. Then the label is stored as a link +@samp{(label)}, for retrieval with @kbd{C-c C-l}. + +@node Images +@section Images + +@cindex inlining images +@cindex images, markup rules +An image is a link to an image file@footnote{What Emacs considers to be an image depends on +@code{image-file-name-extensions} and @code{image-file-name-regexps}.} that does not have +a description part, for example + +@example +./img/cat.jpg +@end example + + +If you wish to define a caption for the image (see @ref{Captions}) and +maybe a label for internal cross references (see @ref{Internal Links}), +make sure that the link is on a line by itself and precede it with +@samp{CAPTION} and @samp{NAME} keywords as follows: + +@example +#+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next figure link (or table) +#+NAME: fig:SED-HR4049 +[[./img/a.jpg]] +@end example + +Such images can be displayed within the buffer with the following +command: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-v} (@code{org-toggle-inline-images}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-v +@findex org-toggle-inline-images +@vindex org-startup-with-inline-images +Toggle the inline display of linked images. When called with +a prefix argument, also display images that do have a link +description. You can ask for inline images to be displayed at +startup by configuring the variable +@code{org-startup-with-inline-images}@footnote{The variable @code{org-startup-with-inline-images} can be set +within a buffer with the @samp{STARTUP} options @samp{inlineimages} and +@samp{noinlineimages}.}. +@end table + +@node Captions +@section Captions + +@cindex captions, markup rules +@cindex @samp{CAPTION}, keyword + +You can assign a caption to a specific part of a document by inserting +a @samp{CAPTION} keyword immediately before it: + +@example +#+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next table (or link) +| ... | ... | +|-----+-----| +@end example + +Optionally, the caption can take the form: + +@example +#+CAPTION[Short caption]: Longer caption. +@end example + + +Even though images and tables are prominent examples of captioned +structures, the same caption mechanism can apply to many +others---e.g., @LaTeX{} equations, source code blocks. Depending on the +export back-end, those may or may not be handled. + +@node Horizontal Rules +@section Horizontal Rules + +@cindex horizontal rules, markup rules +A line consisting of only dashes, and at least 5 of them, is exported +as a horizontal line. + +@node Creating Footnotes +@section Creating Footnotes + +@cindex footnotes + +A footnote is started by a footnote marker in square brackets in +column 0, no indentation allowed. It ends at the next footnote +definition, headline, or after two consecutive empty lines. The +footnote reference is simply the marker in square brackets, inside +text. Markers always start with @samp{fn:}. For example: + +@example +The Org homepage[fn:1] now looks a lot better than it used to. +... +[fn:1] The link is: https://orgmode.org +@end example + +Org mode extends the number-based syntax to @emph{named} footnotes and +optional inline definition. Here are the valid references: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{[fn:NAME]} +A named footnote reference, where @var{NAME} is a unique +label word, or, for simplicity of automatic creation, a number. + +@item @samp{[fn:: This is the inline definition of this footnote]} +An anonymous footnote where the definition is given directly at the +reference point. + +@item @samp{[fn:NAME: a definition]} +An inline definition of a footnote, which also specifies a name for +the note. Since Org allows multiple references to the same note, +you can then use @samp{[fn:NAME]} to create additional references. +@end table + +@vindex org-footnote-auto-label +Footnote labels can be created automatically, or you can create names +yourself. This is handled by the variable @code{org-footnote-auto-label} +and its corresponding @samp{STARTUP} keywords. See the docstring of that +variable for details. + +The following command handles footnotes: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x f} +The footnote action command. + +@kindex C-c C-x f +When point is on a footnote reference, jump to the definition. When +it is at a definition, jump to the---first---reference. + +@vindex org-footnote-define-inline +@vindex org-footnote-section +Otherwise, create a new footnote. Depending on the variable +@code{org-footnote-define-inline}@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is: @samp{#+STARTUP: fninline} +or @samp{#+STARTUP: nofninline}.}, the definition is placed right +into the text as part of the reference, or separately into the +location determined by the variable @code{org-footnote-section}. + +When this command is called with a prefix argument, a menu of +additional options is offered: + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.1 0.9 +@item @kbd{s} +@tab Sort the footnote definitions by reference sequence. +@item @kbd{r} +@tab Renumber the simple @samp{fn:N} footnotes. +@item @kbd{S} +@tab Short for first @kbd{r}, then @kbd{s} action. +@item @kbd{n} +@tab Rename all footnotes into a @samp{fn:1} @dots{} @samp{fn:n} sequence. +@item @kbd{d} +@tab Delete the footnote at point, including definition and references. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-footnote-auto-adjust +Depending on the variable @code{org-footnote-auto-adjust}@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer options are @samp{#+STARTUP: fnadjust} +and @samp{#+STARTUP: nofnadjust}.}, +renumbering and sorting footnotes can be automatic after each +insertion or deletion. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +@kindex C-c C-c +If point is on a footnote reference, jump to the definition. If it +is at the definition, jump back to the reference. When called at +a footnote location with a prefix argument, offer the same menu as +@kbd{C-c C-x f}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-o} or @kbd{mouse-1/2} +@kindex C-c C-o +@kindex mouse-1 +@kindex mouse-2 +Footnote labels are also links to the corresponding definition or +reference, and you can use the usual commands to follow these links. +@end table + +@node Exporting +@chapter Exporting + +@cindex exporting + +At some point you might want to print your notes, publish them on the +web, or share them with people not using Org. Org can convert and +export documents to a variety of other formats while retaining as much +structure (see @ref{Document Structure}) and markup (see @ref{Markup for Rich Contents}) as possible. + +@cindex export back-end +The libraries responsible for translating Org files to other formats +are called @emph{back-ends}. Org ships with support for the following +back-ends: + +@itemize +@item +@emph{ascii} (ASCII format) +@item +@emph{beamer} (@LaTeX{} Beamer format) +@item +@emph{html} (HTML format) +@item +@emph{icalendar} (iCalendar format) +@item +@emph{latex} (@LaTeX{} format) +@item +@emph{md} (Markdown format) +@item +@emph{odt} (OpenDocument Text format) +@item +@emph{org} (Org format) +@item +@emph{texinfo} (Texinfo format) +@item +@emph{man} (Man page format) +@end itemize + +Users can install libraries for additional formats from the Emacs +packaging system. For easy discovery, these packages have a common +naming scheme: @code{ox-NAME}, where @var{NAME} is a format. For +example, @code{ox-koma-letter} for @emph{koma-letter} back-end. More libraries +can be found in the @samp{org-contrib} repository (see @ref{Installation}). + +@vindex org-export-backends +Org only loads back-ends for the following formats by default: ASCII, +HTML, iCalendar, @LaTeX{}, and ODT@. Additional back-ends can be loaded +in either of two ways: by configuring the @code{org-export-backends} +variable, or by requiring libraries in the Emacs init file. For +example, to load the Markdown back-end, add this to your Emacs config: + +@lisp +(require 'ox-md) +@end lisp + +@menu +* The Export Dispatcher:: The main interface. +* Export Settings:: Common export settings. +* Table of Contents:: The if and where of the table of contents. +* Include Files:: Include additional files into a document. +* Macro Replacement:: Use macros to create templates. +* Comment Lines:: What will not be exported. +* ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export:: Exporting to flat files with encoding. +* Beamer Export:: Producing presentations and slides. +* HTML Export:: Exporting to HTML. +* @LaTeX{} Export:: Exporting to @LaTeX{} and processing to PDF. +* Markdown Export:: Exporting to Markdown. +* OpenDocument Text Export:: Exporting to OpenDocument Text. +* Org Export:: Exporting to Org. +* Texinfo Export:: Exporting to Texinfo. +* iCalendar Export:: Exporting to iCalendar. +* Other Built-in Back-ends:: Exporting to a man page. +* Advanced Export Configuration:: Fine-tuning the export output. +* Export in Foreign Buffers:: Author tables and lists in Org syntax. +@end menu + +@node The Export Dispatcher +@section The Export Dispatcher + +@cindex dispatcher, for export commands +@cindex export, dispatcher + +The export dispatcher is the main interface for Org's exports. +A hierarchical menu presents the currently configured export formats. +Options are shown as easy toggle switches on the same screen. + +@vindex org-export-dispatch-use-expert-ui +Org also has a minimal prompt interface for the export dispatcher. +When the variable @code{org-export-dispatch-use-expert-ui} is set to +a non-@code{nil} value, Org prompts in the minibuffer. To switch back to +the hierarchical menu, press @kbd{?}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{org-export}) +@kindex C-c C-e +@findex org-export + +Invokes the export dispatcher interface. The options show default +settings. The @kbd{C-u} prefix argument preserves options from +the previous export, including any sub-tree selections. +@end table + +Org exports the entire buffer by default. If the Org buffer has an +active region, then Org exports just that region. + +Within the dispatcher interface, the following key combinations can +further alter what is exported, and how. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-a} +@kindex C-c C-e C-a + +Toggle asynchronous export. Asynchronous export uses an external +Emacs process with a specially configured initialization file to +complete the exporting process in the background, without tying-up +Emacs. This is particularly useful when exporting long documents. + +Output from an asynchronous export is saved on the @emph{export stack}. +To view this stack, call the export dispatcher with a double +@kbd{C-u} prefix argument. If already in the export dispatcher +menu, @kbd{&} displays the stack. + +@vindex org-export-in-background +You can make asynchronous export the default by setting +@code{org-export-in-background}. + +@vindex org-export-async-init-file +You can set the initialization file used by the background process +by setting @code{org-export-async-init-file}. + +@item @kbd{C-b} +@kindex C-c C-e C-b + +Toggle body-only export. Useful for excluding headers and footers +in the export. Affects only those back-end formats that have +sections like @samp{...} in HTML@. + +@item @kbd{C-s} +@kindex C-c C-e C-s + +Toggle sub-tree export. When turned on, Org exports only the +sub-tree starting from point position at the time the export +dispatcher was invoked. Org uses the top heading of this sub-tree +as the document's title. If point is not on a heading, Org uses the +nearest enclosing header. If point is in the document preamble, Org +signals an error and aborts export. + +@vindex org-export-initial-scope +To make sub-tree export the default, customize the variable +@code{org-export-initial-scope}. + +@item @kbd{C-v} +@kindex C-c C-e C-v + +Toggle visible-only export. This is useful for exporting only +certain parts of an Org document by adjusting the visibility of +particular headings. See also @ref{Sparse Trees}. +@end table + +@node Export Settings +@section Export Settings + +@cindex options, for export +@cindex Export, settings + +@cindex @samp{OPTIONS}, keyword +Export options can be set: globally with variables; for an individual +file by making variables buffer-local with in-buffer settings (see +@ref{In-buffer Settings}); by setting individual keywords or +specifying them in compact form with the @samp{OPTIONS} keyword; or for +a tree by setting properties (see @ref{Properties and Columns}). Options +set at a specific level override options set at a more general level. + +@cindex @samp{SETUPFILE}, keyword +In-buffer settings may appear anywhere in the file, either directly or +indirectly through a file included using @samp{#+SETUPFILE: filename or +URL} syntax. Option keyword sets tailored to a particular back-end +can be inserted from the export dispatcher (see @ref{The Export Dispatcher}) using the @samp{Insert template} command by pressing +@kbd{#}. To insert keywords individually, a good way to make +sure the keyword is correct is to type @samp{#+} and then to use +@kbd{M-@key{TAB}}@footnote{Many desktops intercept @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to switch windows. +Use @kbd{C-M-i} or @kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}} instead.} for completion. + +The export keywords available for every back-end, and their equivalent +global variables, include: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{AUTHOR} +@cindex @samp{AUTHOR}, keyword +@vindex user-full-name +The document author (@code{user-full-name}). + +@item @samp{CREATOR} +@cindex @samp{CREATOR}, keyword +@vindex org-expot-creator-string +Entity responsible for output generation +(@code{org-export-creator-string}). + +@item @samp{DATE} +@cindex @samp{DATE}, keyword +@vindex org-export-date-timestamp-format +A date or a time-stamp@footnote{The variable @code{org-export-date-timestamp-format} defines how +this timestamp are exported.}. + +@item @samp{EMAIL} +@cindex @samp{EMAIL}, keyword +@vindex user-mail-address +The email address (@code{user-mail-address}). + +@item @samp{LANGUAGE} +@cindex @samp{LANGUAGE}, keyword +@vindex org-export-default-language +Language to use for translating certain strings +(@code{org-export-default-language}). With @samp{#+LANGUAGE: fr}, for +example, Org translates @samp{Table of contents} to the French @samp{Table des + matières}@footnote{For export to @LaTeX{} format---or @LaTeX{}-related formats such as +Beamer---, the @samp{org-latex-package-alist} variable needs further +configuration. See @ref{@LaTeX{} specific export settings}.}. + +@item @samp{SELECT_TAGS} +@cindex @samp{SELECT_TAGS}, keyword +@vindex org-export-select-tags +The default value is @samp{("export")}. When a tree is tagged with +@samp{export} (@code{org-export-select-tags}), Org selects that tree and its +sub-trees for export. Org excludes trees with @samp{noexport} tags, see +below. When selectively exporting files with @samp{export} tags set, Org +does not export any text that appears before the first headline. + +@item @samp{EXCLUDE_TAGS} +@cindex @samp{EXCLUDE_TAGS}, keyword +@vindex org-export-exclude-tags +The default value is @samp{("noexport")}. When a tree is tagged with +@samp{noexport} (@code{org-export-exclude-tags}), Org excludes that tree and +its sub-trees from export. Entries tagged with @samp{noexport} are +unconditionally excluded from the export, even if they have an +@samp{export} tag. Even if a sub-tree is not exported, Org executes any +code blocks contained there. + +@item @samp{TITLE} +@cindex @samp{TITLE}, keyword +@cindex document title +Org displays this title. For long titles, use multiple @samp{#+TITLE} +lines. + +@item @samp{EXPORT_FILE_NAME} +@cindex @samp{EXPORT_FILE_NAME}, keyword +The name of the output file to be generated. Otherwise, Org +generates the file name based on the buffer name and the extension +based on the back-end format. +@end table + +The @samp{OPTIONS} keyword is a compact form. To configure multiple +options, use several @samp{OPTIONS} lines. @samp{OPTIONS} recognizes the +following arguments. + +@table @asis +@item @code{'} +@vindex org-export-with-smart-quotes +Toggle smart quotes (@code{org-export-with-smart-quotes}). Depending on +the language used, when activated, Org treats pairs of double quotes +as primary quotes, pairs of single quotes as secondary quotes, and +single quote marks as apostrophes. + +@item @code{*} +@vindex org-export-with-emphasize +Toggle emphasized text (@code{org-export-with-emphasize}). + +@item @code{-} +@vindex org-export-with-special-strings +Toggle conversion of special strings +(@code{org-export-with-special-strings}). + +@item @code{:} +@vindex org-export-with-fixed-width +Toggle fixed-width sections (@code{org-export-with-fixed-width}). + +@item @code{<} +@vindex org-export-with-timestamps +Toggle inclusion of time/date active/inactive stamps +(@code{org-export-with-timestamps}). + +@item @code{\n} +@vindex org-export-preserve-breaks +Toggles whether to preserve line breaks +(@code{org-export-preserve-breaks}). + +@item @code{^} +@vindex org-export-with-sub-superscripts +Toggle @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts. If you write +@samp{^:@{@}}, @samp{a_@{b@}} is interpreted, but the simple @samp{a_b} is left as it +is (@code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts}). + +@item @code{arch} +@vindex org-export-with-archived-trees +Configure how archived trees are exported. When set to @code{headline}, +the export process skips the contents and processes only the +headlines (@code{org-export-with-archived-trees}). + +@item @code{author} +@vindex org-export-with-author +Toggle inclusion of author name into exported file +(@code{org-export-with-author}). + +@item @code{broken-links} +@vindex org-export-with-broken-links +Toggles if Org should continue exporting upon finding a broken +internal link. When set to @code{mark}, Org clearly marks the problem +link in the output (@code{org-export-with-broken-links}). + +@item @code{c} +@vindex org-export-with-clocks +Toggle inclusion of @samp{CLOCK} keywords (@code{org-export-with-clocks}). + +@item @code{creator} +@vindex org-export-with-creator +Toggle inclusion of creator information in the exported file +(@code{org-export-with-creator}). + +@item @code{d} +@vindex org-export-with-drawers +Toggles inclusion of drawers, or list of drawers to include, or list +of drawers to exclude (@code{org-export-with-drawers}). + +@item @code{date} +@vindex org-export-with-date +Toggle inclusion of a date into exported file +(@code{org-export-with-date}). + +@item @code{e} +@vindex org-export-with-entities +Toggle inclusion of entities (@code{org-export-with-entities}). + +@item @code{email} +@vindex org-export-with-email +Toggle inclusion of the author's e-mail into exported file +(@code{org-export-with-email}). + +@item @code{f} +@vindex org-export-with-footnotes +Toggle the inclusion of footnotes (@code{org-export-with-footnotes}). + +@item @code{H} +@vindex org-export-headline-levels +Set the number of headline levels for export +(@code{org-export-headline-levels}). Below that level, headlines are +treated differently. In most back-ends, they become list items. + +@item @code{inline} +@vindex org-export-with-inlinetasks +Toggle inclusion of inlinetasks (@code{org-export-with-inlinetasks}). + +@item @code{num} +@vindex org-export-with-section-numbers +@cindex @samp{UNNUMBERED}, property +Toggle section-numbers (@code{org-export-with-section-numbers}). When +set to number N, Org numbers only those headlines at level N or +above. Set @samp{UNNUMBERED} property to non-@code{nil} to disable numbering +of heading and subheadings entirely. Moreover, when the value is +@samp{notoc} the headline, and all its children, do not appear in the +table of contents either (see @ref{Table of Contents}). + +@item @code{p} +@vindex org-export-with-planning +Toggle export of planning information (@code{org-export-with-planning}). +``Planning information'' comes from lines located right after the +headline and contain any combination of these cookies: @samp{SCHEDULED}, +@samp{DEADLINE}, or @samp{CLOSED}. + +@item @code{pri} +@vindex org-export-with-priority +Toggle inclusion of priority cookies +(@code{org-export-with-priority}). + +@item @code{prop} +@vindex org-export-with-properties +Toggle inclusion of property drawers, or list the properties to +include (@code{org-export-with-properties}). + +@item @code{stat} +@vindex org-export-with-statistics-cookies +Toggle inclusion of statistics cookies +(@code{org-export-with-statistics-cookies}). + +@item @code{tags} +@vindex org-export-with-tags +Toggle inclusion of tags, may also be @code{not-in-toc} +(@code{org-export-with-tags}). + +@item @code{tasks} +@vindex org-export-with-tasks +Toggle inclusion of tasks (TODO items); or @code{nil} to remove all +tasks; or @code{todo} to remove done tasks; or list the keywords to keep +(@code{org-export-with-tasks}). + +@item @code{tex} +@vindex org-export-with-latex +@code{nil} does not export; @code{t} exports; @code{verbatim} keeps everything in +verbatim (@code{org-export-with-latex}). + +@item @code{timestamp} +@vindex org-export-time-stamp-file +Toggle inclusion of the creation time in the exported file +(@code{org-export-time-stamp-file}). + +@item @code{title} +@vindex org-export-with-title +Toggle inclusion of title (@code{org-export-with-title}). + +@item @code{toc} +@vindex org-export-with-toc +Toggle inclusion of the table of contents, or set the level limit +(@code{org-export-with-toc}). + +@item @code{todo} +@vindex org-export-with-todo-keywords +Toggle inclusion of TODO keywords into exported text +(@code{org-export-with-todo-keywords}). + +@item @code{|} +@vindex org-export-with-tables +Toggle inclusion of tables (@code{org-export-with-tables}). +@end table + +When exporting sub-trees, special node properties can override the +above keywords. These properties have an @samp{EXPORT_} prefix. For +example, @samp{DATE} becomes, @samp{EXPORT_DATE} when used for a specific +sub-tree. Except for @samp{SETUPFILE}, all other keywords listed above +have an @samp{EXPORT_} equivalent. + +@cindex @samp{BIND}, keyword +@vindex org-export-allow-bind-keywords +If @code{org-export-allow-bind-keywords} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs variables can +become buffer-local during export by using the @samp{BIND} keyword. Its +syntax is @samp{#+BIND: variable value}. This is particularly useful for +in-buffer settings that cannot be changed using keywords. + +@node Table of Contents +@section Table of Contents + +@cindex table of contents +@cindex list of tables +@cindex list of listings + +@cindex @samp{toc}, in @samp{OPTIONS} keyword +@vindex org-export-with-toc +The table of contents includes all headlines in the document. Its +depth is therefore the same as the headline levels in the file. If +you need to use a different depth, or turn it off entirely, set the +@code{org-export-with-toc} variable accordingly. You can achieve the same +on a per file basis, using the following @samp{toc} item in @samp{OPTIONS} +keyword: + +@example +#+OPTIONS: toc:2 (only include two levels in TOC) +#+OPTIONS: toc:nil (no default TOC at all) +@end example + +@cindex excluding entries from table of contents +@cindex table of contents, exclude entries +Org includes both numbered and unnumbered headlines in the table of +contents@footnote{At the moment, some export back-ends do not obey this +specification. For example, @LaTeX{} export excludes every unnumbered +headline from the table of contents.}. If you need to exclude an unnumbered headline, +along with all its children, set the @samp{UNNUMBERED} property to @samp{notoc} +value. + +@example +* Subtree not numbered, not in table of contents either + :PROPERTIES: + :UNNUMBERED: notoc + :END: +@end example + +@cindex @samp{TOC}, keyword +Org normally inserts the table of contents directly before the first +headline of the file. To move the table of contents to a different +location, first turn off the default with @code{org-export-with-toc} +variable or with @samp{#+OPTIONS: toc:nil}. Then insert @samp{#+TOC: headlines +N} at the desired location(s). + +@example +#+OPTIONS: toc:nil +... +#+TOC: headlines 2 +@end example + +To adjust the table of contents depth for a specific section of the +Org document, append an additional @samp{local} parameter. This parameter +becomes a relative depth for the current level. The following example +inserts a local table of contents, with direct children only. + +@example +* Section +#+TOC: headlines 1 local +@end example + +Note that for this feature to work properly in @LaTeX{} export, the Org +file requires the inclusion of the titletoc package. Because of +compatibility issues, titletoc has to be loaded @emph{before} hyperref. +Customize the @code{org-latex-default-packages-alist} variable. + +The following example inserts a table of contents that links to the +children of the specified target. + +@example +* Target + :PROPERTIES: + :CUSTOM_ID: TargetSection + :END: +** Heading A +** Heading B +* Another section +#+TOC: headlines 1 :target #TargetSection +@end example + +The @samp{:target} attribute is supported in HTML, Markdown, ODT, and ASCII export. + +Use the @samp{TOC} keyword to generate list of tables---respectively, all +listings---with captions. + +@example +#+TOC: listings +#+TOC: tables +@end example + +@cindex @samp{ALT_TITLE}, property +Normally Org uses the headline for its entry in the table of contents. +But with @samp{ALT_TITLE} property, a different entry can be specified for +the table of contents. + +@node Include Files +@section Include Files + +@cindex include files, during export +@cindex export, include files +@cindex @samp{INCLUDE}, keyword + +During export, you can include the content of another file. For +example, to include your @samp{.emacs} file, you could use: + +@example +#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" src emacs-lisp +@end example + + +@noindent +The first parameter is the file name to include. The optional second +parameter specifies the block type: @samp{example}, @samp{export} or @samp{src}. The +optional third parameter specifies the source code language to use for +formatting the contents. This is relevant to both @samp{export} and @samp{src} +block types. + +If an included file is specified as having a markup language, Org +neither checks for valid syntax nor changes the contents in any way. +For example and source blocks, Org code-escapes the contents before +inclusion. + +@cindex @samp{minlevel}, include +If an included file is not specified as having any markup language, +Org assumes it be in Org format and proceeds as usual with a few +exceptions. Org makes the footnote labels (see @ref{Creating Footnotes}) +in the included file local to that file. The contents of the included +file belong to the same structure---headline, item---containing the +@samp{INCLUDE} keyword. In particular, headlines within the file become +children of the current section. That behavior can be changed by +providing an additional keyword parameter, @samp{:minlevel}. It shifts the +headlines in the included file to become the lowest level. For +example, this syntax makes the included file a sibling of the current +top-level headline: + +@example +#+INCLUDE: "~/my-book/chapter2.org" :minlevel 1 +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{lines}, include +Inclusion of only portions of files are specified using ranges +parameter with @samp{:lines} keyword. The line at the upper end of the +range will not be included. The start and/or the end of the range may +be omitted to use the obvious defaults. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "5-10"} +@tab Include lines 5 to 10, 10 excluded +@item @samp{#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "-10"} +@tab Include lines 1 to 10, 10 excluded +@item @samp{#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "10-"} +@tab Include lines from 10 to EOF +@end multitable + +Inclusions may specify a file-link to extract an object matched by +@code{org-link-search}@footnote{Note that @code{org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline} is +locally bound to non-@code{nil}. Therefore, @code{org-link-search} only matches +headlines and named elements.} (see @ref{Search Options}). The +ranges for @samp{:lines} keyword are relative to the requested element. +Therefore, + +@example +#+INCLUDE: "./paper.org::*conclusion" :lines 1-20 +@end example + + +@noindent +includes the first 20 lines of the headline named @samp{conclusion}. + +@cindex @samp{only-contents}, include +To extract only the contents of the matched object, set +@samp{:only-contents} property to non-@code{nil}. This omits any planning lines +or property drawers. For example, to include the body of the heading +with the custom ID @samp{theory}, you can use + +@example +#+INCLUDE: "./paper.org::#theory" :only-contents t +@end example + + +The following command allows navigating to the included document: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c '} (@code{org-edit~special}) +@kindex C-c ' +@findex org-edit-special + +Visit the included file at point. +@end table + +@node Macro Replacement +@section Macro Replacement + +@cindex macro replacement, during export +@cindex @samp{MACRO}, keyword + +@vindex org-export-global-macros +Macros replace text snippets during export. Macros are defined +globally in @code{org-export-global-macros}, or document-wise with the +following syntax: + +@example +#+MACRO: name replacement text; $1, $2 are arguments +@end example + + +@noindent +which can be referenced using @samp{@{@{@{name(arg1, arg2)@}@}@}}@footnote{Since commas separate the arguments, commas within arguments +have to be escaped with the backslash character. So only those +backslash characters before a comma need escaping with another +backslash character.}. For +example + +@example +#+MACRO: poem Rose is $1, violet's $2. Life's ordered: Org assists you. +@{@{@{poem(red,blue)@}@}@} +@end example + +@noindent +becomes + +@example +Rose is red, violet's blue. Life's ordered: Org assists you. +@end example + + +As a special case, Org parses any replacement text starting with +@samp{(eval} as an Emacs Lisp expression and evaluates it accordingly. +Within such templates, arguments become strings. Thus, the following +macro + +@example +#+MACRO: gnustamp (eval (concat "GNU/" (capitalize $1))) +@end example + + +@noindent +turns @samp{@{@{@{gnustamp(linux)@}@}@}} into @samp{GNU/Linux} during export. + +Org recognizes macro references in following Org markup areas: +paragraphs, headlines, verse blocks, tables cells and lists. Org also +recognizes macro references in keywords, such as @samp{CAPTION}, @samp{TITLE}, +@samp{AUTHOR}, @samp{DATE}, and for some back-end specific export options. + +Org comes with following pre-defined macros: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{@{@{@{keyword(NAME)@}@}@}} +@itemx @samp{@{@{@{title@}@}@}} +@itemx @samp{@{@{@{author@}@}@}} +@itemx @samp{@{@{@{email@}@}@}} +@cindex @samp{keyword}, macro +@cindex @samp{title}, macro +@cindex @samp{author}, macro +@cindex @samp{email}, macro +The @samp{keyword} macro collects all values from @var{NAME} +keywords throughout the buffer, separated with white space. +@samp{title}, @samp{author} and @samp{email} macros are shortcuts for, +respectively, @samp{@{@{@{keyword(TITLE)@}@}@}}, @samp{@{@{@{keyword(AUTHOR)@}@}@}} and +@samp{@{@{@{keyword(EMAIL)@}@}@}}. + +@item @samp{@{@{@{date@}@}@}} +@itemx @samp{@{@{@{date(FORMAT)@}@}@}} +@cindex @samp{date}, macro +This macro refers to the @samp{DATE} keyword. @var{FORMAT} is an +optional argument to the @samp{date} macro that is used only if @samp{DATE} is +a single timestamp. @var{FORMAT} should be a format string +understood by @code{format-time-string}. + +@item @samp{@{@{@{time(FORMAT)@}@}@}} +@itemx @samp{@{@{@{modification-time(FORMAT, VC)@}@}@}} +@cindex @samp{time}, macro +@cindex @samp{modification-time}, macro +These macros refer to the document's date and time of export and +date and time of modification. @var{FORMAT} is a string +understood by @code{format-time-string}. If the second argument to the +@code{modification-time} macro is non-@code{nil}, Org uses @samp{vc.el} to retrieve +the document's modification time from the version control system. +Otherwise Org reads the file attributes. + +@item @samp{@{@{@{input-file@}@}@}} +@cindex @samp{input-file}, macro +This macro refers to the filename of the exported file. + +@item @samp{@{@{@{property(PROPERTY-NAME)@}@}@}} +@itemx @samp{@{@{@{property(PROPERTY-NAME, SEARCH OPTION)@}@}@}} +@cindex @samp{property}, macro +This macro returns the value of property @var{PROPERTY-NAME} in +the current entry. If @var{SEARCH-OPTION} (see @ref{Search Options}) refers to a remote entry, use it instead. + +@item @samp{@{@{@{n@}@}@}} +@itemx @samp{@{@{@{n(NAME)@}@}@}} +@itemx @samp{@{@{@{n(NAME, ACTION)@}@}@}} +@cindex @samp{n}, macro +@cindex counter, macro +This macro implements custom counters by returning the number of +times the macro has been expanded so far while exporting the buffer. +You can create more than one counter using different @var{NAME} +values. If @var{ACTION} is @samp{-}, previous value of the counter +is held, i.e., the specified counter is not incremented. If the +value is a number, the specified counter is set to that value. If +it is any other non-empty string, the specified counter is reset +to 1. You may leave @var{NAME} empty to reset the default +counter. +@end table + +@cindex @samp{results}, macro +Moreover, inline source blocks (see @ref{Structure of Code Blocks}) use the +special @samp{results} macro to mark their output. As such, you are +advised against re-defining it, unless you know what you are doing. + +@vindex org-hide-macro-markers +The surrounding brackets can be made invisible by setting +@code{org-hide-macro-markers} to a non-@code{nil} value. + +Org expands macros at the very beginning of the export process. + +@node Comment Lines +@section Comment Lines + +@cindex exporting, not + +@cindex comment lines +Lines starting with zero or more whitespace characters followed by one +@samp{#} and a whitespace are treated as comments and, as such, are not +exported. + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_COMMENT} +@cindex comment block +Likewise, regions surrounded by @samp{#+BEGIN_COMMENT} @dots{} @samp{#+END_COMMENT} +are not exported. + +@cindex comment trees +Finally, a @samp{COMMENT} keyword at the beginning of an entry, but after +any other keyword or priority cookie, comments out the entire subtree. +In this case, the subtree is not exported and no code block within it +is executed either@footnote{For a less drastic behavior, consider using a select tag (see +@ref{Export Settings}) instead.}. The command below helps changing the +comment status of a headline. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c ;} (@code{org-toggle-comment}) +@kindex C-c ; +@findex org-toggle-comment + +Toggle the @samp{COMMENT} keyword at the beginning of an entry. +@end table + +@node ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export +@section ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export + +@cindex ASCII export +@cindex Latin-1 export +@cindex UTF-8 export + +ASCII export produces an output file containing only plain ASCII +characters. This is the simplest and most direct text output. It +does not contain any Org markup. Latin-1 and UTF-8 export use +additional characters and symbols available in these encoding +standards. All three of these export formats offer the most basic of +text output for maximum portability. + +@vindex org-ascii-text-width +On export, Org fills and justifies text according to the text width +set in @code{org-ascii-text-width}. + +@vindex org-ascii-links-to-notes +Org exports links using a footnote-like style where the descriptive +part is in the text and the link is in a note before the next heading. +See the variable @code{org-ascii-links-to-notes} for details. + +@anchor{ASCII export commands} +@subheading ASCII export commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e t a} (@code{org-ascii-export-to-ascii}) +@itemx @kbd{C-c C-e t l} +@itemx @kbd{C-c C-e t u} +@kindex C-c C-e t a +@kindex C-c C-e t l +@kindex C-c C-e t u +@findex org-ascii-export-to-ascii + +Export as an ASCII file with a @samp{.txt} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, +Org exports to @samp{myfile.txt}, overwriting without warning. For +@samp{myfile.txt}, Org exports to @samp{myfile.txt.txt} in order to prevent +data loss. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e t A} (@code{org-ascii-export-to-ascii}) +@itemx @kbd{C-c C-e t L} +@itemx @kbd{C-c C-e t U} +@kindex C-c C-e t A +@kindex C-c C-e t L +@kindex C-c C-e t U +@findex org-ascii-export-as-ascii + +Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file. +@end table + +@anchor{ASCII specific export settings} +@subheading ASCII specific export settings + +The ASCII export back-end has one extra keyword for customizing ASCII +output. Setting this keyword works similar to the general options +(see @ref{Export Settings}). + +@table @asis +@item @samp{SUBTITLE} +@cindex @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword +The document subtitle. For long subtitles, use multiple +@samp{#+SUBTITLE} lines in the Org file. Org prints them on one +continuous line, wrapping into multiple lines if necessary. +@end table + +@anchor{Header and sectioning structure} +@subheading Header and sectioning structure + +Org converts the first three outline levels into headlines for ASCII +export. The remaining levels are turned into lists. To change this +cut-off point where levels become lists, see @ref{Export Settings}. + +@anchor{Quoting ASCII text} +@subheading Quoting ASCII text + +To insert text within the Org file by the ASCII back-end, use one the +following constructs, inline, keyword, or export block: + +@cindex @samp{ASCII}, keyword +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT ascii} +@example +Inline text @@@@ascii:and additional text@@@@ within a paragraph. + +#+ASCII: Some text + +#+BEGIN_EXPORT ascii +Org exports text in this block only when using ASCII back-end. +#+END_EXPORT +@end example + +@anchor{ASCII specific attributes} +@subheading ASCII specific attributes + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_ASCII}, keyword +@cindex horizontal rules, in ASCII export + +ASCII back-end recognizes only one attribute, @samp{:width}, which +specifies the width of a horizontal rule in number of characters. The +keyword and syntax for specifying widths is: + +@example +#+ATTR_ASCII: :width 10 +----- +@end example + +@anchor{ASCII special blocks} +@subheading ASCII special blocks + +@cindex special blocks, in ASCII export +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_JUSTIFYLEFT} +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_JUSTIFYRIGHT} + +Besides @samp{#+BEGIN_CENTER} blocks (see @ref{Paragraphs}), ASCII back-end has +these two left and right justification blocks: + +@example +#+BEGIN_JUSTIFYLEFT +It's just a jump to the left... +#+END_JUSTIFYLEFT + +#+BEGIN_JUSTIFYRIGHT +...and then a step to the right. +#+END_JUSTIFYRIGHT +@end example + +@node Beamer Export +@section Beamer Export + +@cindex Beamer export + +Org uses Beamer export to convert an Org file tree structure into +high-quality interactive slides for presentations. Beamer is a @LaTeX{} +document class for creating presentations in PDF, HTML, and other +popular display formats. + +@menu +* Beamer export commands:: For creating Beamer documents. +* Beamer specific export settings:: For customizing Beamer export. +* Frames and Blocks in Beamer:: For composing Beamer slides. +* Beamer specific syntax:: For using in Org documents. +* Editing support:: Editing support. +* A Beamer example:: A complete presentation. +@end menu + +@node Beamer export commands +@subsection Beamer export commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l b} (@code{org-beamer-export-to-latex}) +@kindex C-c C-e l b +@findex org-beamer-export-to-latex + +Export as @LaTeX{} file with a @samp{.tex} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, Org +exports to @samp{myfile.tex}, overwriting without warning. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l B} (@code{org-beamer-export-as-latex}) +@kindex C-c C-e l B +@findex org-beamer-export-as-latex + +Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l P} (@code{org-beamer-export-to-pdf}) +@kindex C-c C-e l P +@findex org-beamer-export-to-pdf + +Export as @LaTeX{} file and then convert it to PDF format. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l O} +@kindex C-c C-e l O + +Export as @LaTeX{} file, convert it to PDF format, and then open the +PDF file. +@end table + +@node Beamer specific export settings +@subsection Beamer specific export settings + +Beamer export back-end has several additional keywords for customizing +Beamer output. These keywords work similar to the general options +settings (see @ref{Export Settings}). + +@table @asis +@item @samp{BEAMER_THEME} +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_THEME}, keyword +@vindex org-beamer-theme +The Beamer layout theme (@code{org-beamer-theme}). Use square brackets +for options. For example: + +@example +#+BEAMER_THEME: Rochester [height=20pt] +@end example + +@item @samp{BEAMER_FONT_THEME} +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_FONT_THEME}, keyword +The Beamer font theme. + +@item @samp{BEAMER_INNER_THEME} +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_INNER_THEME}, keyword +The Beamer inner theme. + +@item @samp{BEAMER_OUTER_THEME} +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_OUTER_THEME}, keyword +The Beamer outer theme. + +@item @samp{BEAMER_HEADER} +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_HEADER}, keyword +Arbitrary lines inserted in the preamble, just before the @samp{hyperref} +settings. + +@item @samp{DESCRIPTION} +@cindex @samp{DESCRIPTION}, keyword +The document description. For long descriptions, use multiple +@samp{DESCRIPTION} keywords. By default, @samp{hyperref} inserts +@samp{DESCRIPTION} as metadata. Use @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} to +configure document metadata. Use @code{org-latex-title-command} to +configure typesetting of description as part of front matter. + +@item @samp{KEYWORDS} +@cindex @samp{KEYWORDS}, keyword +The keywords for defining the contents of the document. Use +multiple @samp{KEYWORDS} lines if necessary. By default, @samp{hyperref} +inserts @samp{KEYWORDS} as metadata. Use @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} +to configure document metadata. Use @code{org-latex-title-command} to +configure typesetting of keywords as part of front matter. + +@item @samp{SUBTITLE} +@cindex @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword +Document's subtitle. For typesetting, use +@code{org-beamer-subtitle-format} string. Use +@code{org-latex-hyperref-template} to configure document metadata. Use +@code{org-latex-title-command} to configure typesetting of subtitle as +part of front matter. +@end table + +@node Frames and Blocks in Beamer +@subsection Frames and Blocks in Beamer + +Org transforms heading levels into Beamer's sectioning elements, +frames and blocks. Any Org tree with a not-too-deep-level nesting +should in principle be exportable as a Beamer presentation. + +@itemize +@item +@vindex org-beamer-frame-level +Org headlines become Beamer frames when the heading level in Org is +equal to @code{org-beamer-frame-level} or @samp{H} value in a @samp{OPTIONS} line +(see @ref{Export Settings}). + +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_ENV}, property +Org overrides headlines to frames conversion for the current tree of +an Org file if it encounters the @samp{BEAMER_ENV} property set to +@samp{frame} or @samp{fullframe}. Org ignores whatever +@code{org-beamer-frame-level} happens to be for that headline level in +the Org tree. In Beamer terminology, a full frame is a frame +without its title. + +@item +Org exports a Beamer frame's objects as block environments. Org can +enforce wrapping in special block types when @samp{BEAMER_ENV} property +is set@footnote{If @samp{BEAMER_ENV} is set, Org export adds @samp{B_environment} tag +to make it visible. The tag serves as a visual aid and has no +semantic relevance.}. For valid values see +@code{org-beamer-environments-default}. To add more values, see +@code{org-beamer-environments-extra}. +@vindex org-beamer-environments-default +@vindex org-beamer-environments-extra + +@item +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_REF}, property +If @samp{BEAMER_ENV} is set to @samp{appendix}, Org exports the entry as an +appendix. When set to @samp{note}, Org exports the entry as a note +within the frame or between frames, depending on the entry's heading +level. When set to @samp{noteNH}, Org exports the entry as a note +without its title. When set to @samp{againframe}, Org exports the entry +with @samp{\againframe} command, which makes setting the @samp{BEAMER_REF} +property mandatory because @samp{\againframe} needs frame to resume. + +When @samp{ignoreheading} is set, Org export ignores the entry's headline +but not its content. This is useful for inserting content between +frames. It is also useful for properly closing a @samp{column} +environment. @@end itemize + +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_ACT}, property +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_OPT}, property +When @samp{BEAMER_ACT} is set for a headline, Org export translates that +headline as an overlay or action specification. When enclosed in +square brackets, Org export makes the overlay specification +a default. Use @samp{BEAMER_OPT} to set any options applicable to the +current Beamer frame or block. The Beamer export back-end wraps +with appropriate angular or square brackets. It also adds the +@samp{fragile} option for any code that may require a verbatim block. + +@cindex @samp{BEAMER_COL}, property +To create a column on the Beamer slide, use the @samp{BEAMER_COL} +property for its headline in the Org file. Set the value of +@samp{BEAMER_COL} to a decimal number representing the fraction of the +total text width. Beamer export uses this value to set the column's +width and fills the column with the contents of the Org entry. If +the Org entry has no specific environment defined, Beamer export +ignores the heading. If the Org entry has a defined environment, +Beamer export uses the heading as title. Behind the scenes, Beamer +export automatically handles @LaTeX{} column separations for contiguous +headlines. To manually adjust them for any unique configurations +needs, use the @samp{BEAMER_ENV} property. +@end itemize + +@node Beamer specific syntax +@subsection Beamer specific syntax + +Since Org's Beamer export back-end is an extension of the @LaTeX{} +back-end, it recognizes other @LaTeX{} specific syntax---for example, +@samp{#+LATEX:} or @samp{#+ATTR_LATEX:}. See @ref{@LaTeX{} Export}, for details. + +Beamer export wraps the table of contents generated with @samp{toc:t} +@samp{OPTION} keyword in a @samp{frame} environment. Beamer export does not +wrap the table of contents generated with @samp{TOC} keyword (see @ref{Table of Contents}). Use square brackets for specifying options. + +@example +#+TOC: headlines [currentsection] +@end example + + +Insert Beamer-specific code using the following constructs: + +@cindex @samp{BEAMER}, keyword +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT beamer} +@example +#+BEAMER: \pause + +#+BEGIN_EXPORT beamer + Only Beamer export back-end exports this. +#+END_BEAMER + +Text @@@@beamer:some code@@@@ within a paragraph. +@end example + +Inline constructs, such as the last one above, are useful for adding +overlay specifications to objects with @code{bold}, @code{item}, @code{link}, +@code{radio-target} and @code{target} types. Enclose the value in angular +brackets and place the specification at the beginning of the object as +shown in this example: + +@example +A *@@@@beamer:<2->@@@@useful* feature +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_BEAMER}, keyword +Beamer export recognizes the @samp{ATTR_BEAMER} keyword with the following +attributes from Beamer configurations: @samp{:environment} for changing +local Beamer environment, @samp{:overlay} for specifying Beamer overlays in +angular or square brackets, and @samp{:options} for inserting optional +arguments. + +@example +#+ATTR_BEAMER: :environment nonindentlist +- item 1, not indented +- item 2, not indented +- item 3, not indented +@end example + +@example +#+ATTR_BEAMER: :overlay <+-> +- item 1 +- item 2 +@end example + +@example +#+ATTR_BEAMER: :options [Lagrange] +Let $G$ be a finite group, and let $H$ be +a subgroup of $G$. Then the order of $H$ divides the order of $G$. +@end example + +@node Editing support +@subsection Editing support + +Org Beamer mode is a special minor mode for faster editing of Beamer +documents. + +@example +#+STARTUP: beamer +@end example + + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{org-beamer-select-environment}) +@kindex C-c C-b +@findex org-beamer-select-environment + +Org Beamer mode provides this key for quicker selections in Beamer +normal environments, and for selecting the @samp{BEAMER_COL} property. +@end table + +@node A Beamer example +@subsection A Beamer example + +Here is an example of an Org document ready for Beamer export. + +@example +#+TITLE: Example Presentation +#+AUTHOR: Carsten Dominik +#+OPTIONS: H:2 toc:t num:t +#+LATEX_CLASS: beamer +#+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation] +#+BEAMER_THEME: Madrid +#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_ENV(Env) %10BEAMER_ACT(Act) %4BEAMER_COL(Col) + +* This is the first structural section + +** Frame 1 +*** Thanks to Eric Fraga :B_block: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_COL: 0.48 + :BEAMER_ENV: block + :END: + for the first viable Beamer setup in Org +*** Thanks to everyone else :B_block: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_COL: 0.48 + :BEAMER_ACT: <2-> + :BEAMER_ENV: block + :END: + for contributing to the discussion +**** This will be formatted as a beamer note :B_note: + :PROPERTIES: + :BEAMER_env: note + :END: +** Frame 2 (where we will not use columns) +*** Request + Please test this stuff! +@end example + +@node HTML Export +@section HTML Export + +@cindex HTML export + +Org mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting +compatible with XHTML 1.0 strict standard. + +@menu +* HTML export commands:: Invoking HTML export. +* HTML specific export settings:: Settings for HTML export. +* HTML doctypes:: Exporting various (X)HTML flavors. +* HTML preamble and postamble:: Inserting preamble and postamble. +* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org files. +* Headlines in HTML export:: Formatting headlines. +* Links in HTML export:: Inserting and formatting links. +* Tables in HTML export:: How to modify the formatting of tables. +* Images in HTML export:: How to insert figures into HTML output. +* Math formatting in HTML export:: Beautiful math also on the web. +* Text areas in HTML export:: An alternate way to show an example. +* CSS support:: Changing the appearance of the output. +* JavaScript support:: Info and folding in a web browser. +@end menu + +@node HTML export commands +@subsection HTML export commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e h h} (@code{org-html-export-to-html}) +@kindex C-c C-e h h +@kindex C-c C-e h o +@findex org-html-export-to-html + +Export as HTML file with a @samp{.html} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, Org +exports to @samp{myfile.html}, overwriting without warning. @kbd{C-c C-e h o} exports to HTML and opens it in a web browser. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e h H} (@code{org-html-export-as-html}) +@kindex C-c C-e h H +@findex org-html-export-as-html + +Exports to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file. +@end table + +@node HTML specific export settings +@subsection HTML specific export settings + +HTML export has a number of keywords, similar to the general options +settings described in @ref{Export Settings}. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{DESCRIPTION} +@cindex @samp{DESCRIPTION}, keyword +This is the document's description, which the HTML exporter inserts +it as a HTML meta tag in the HTML file. For long descriptions, use +multiple @samp{DESCRIPTION} lines. The exporter takes care of wrapping +the lines properly. + +The exporter includes a number of other meta tags, which can be customized +by modifying @code{org-html-meta-tags}. + +@item @samp{HTML_DOCTYPE} +@cindex @samp{HTML_DOCTYPE}, keyword +@vindex org-html-doctype +Specify the document type, for example: HTML5 (@code{org-html-doctype}). + +@item @samp{HTML_CONTAINER} +@cindex @samp{HTML_CONTAINER}, keyword +@vindex org-html-container-element +Specify the HTML container, such as @samp{div}, for wrapping sections and +elements (@code{org-html-container-element}). + +@item @samp{HTML_LINK_HOME} +@cindex @samp{HTML_LINK_HOME}, keyword +@vindex org-html-link-home +The URL for home link (@code{org-html-link-home}). + +@item @samp{HTML_LINK_UP} +@cindex @samp{HTML_LINK_UP}, keyword +@vindex org-html-link-up +The URL for the up link of exported HTML pages (@code{org-html-link-up}). + +@item @samp{HTML_MATHJAX} +@cindex @samp{HTML_MATHJAX}, keyword +@vindex org-html-mathjax-options +Options for MathJax (@code{org-html-mathjax-options}). MathJax is used +to typeset @LaTeX{} math in HTML documents. See @ref{Math formatting in HTML export}, for an example. + +@item @samp{HTML_HEAD} +@cindex @samp{HTML_HEAD}, keyword +@vindex org-html-head +Arbitrary lines for appending to the HTML document's head +(@code{org-html-head}). + +@item @samp{HTML_HEAD_EXTRA} +@cindex @samp{HTML_HEAD_EXTRA}, keyword +@vindex org-html-head-extra +More arbitrary lines for appending to the HTML document's head +(@code{org-html-head-extra}). + +@item @samp{KEYWORDS} +@cindex @samp{KEYWORDS}, keyword +Keywords to describe the document's content. HTML exporter inserts +these keywords as HTML meta tags. For long keywords, use multiple +@samp{KEYWORDS} lines. + +@item @samp{LATEX_HEADER} +@cindex @samp{LATEX_HEADER}, keyword +Arbitrary lines for appending to the preamble; HTML exporter appends +when transcoding @LaTeX{} fragments to images (see @ref{Math formatting in HTML export}). + +@item @samp{SUBTITLE} +@cindex @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword +The document's subtitle. HTML exporter formats subtitle if document +type is @samp{HTML5} and the CSS has a @samp{subtitle} class. +@end table + +Some of these keywords are explained in more detail in the following +sections of the manual. + +@node HTML doctypes +@subsection HTML doctypes + +Org can export to various (X)HTML flavors. + +@vindex org-html-doctype +@vindex org-html-doctype-alist +Set the @code{org-html-doctype} variable for different (X)HTML variants. +Depending on the variant, the HTML exporter adjusts the syntax of HTML +conversion accordingly. Org includes the following ready-made +variants: + +@itemize +@item +@code{"html4-strict"} +@item +@code{"html4-transitional"} +@item +@code{"html4-frameset"} +@item +@code{"xhtml-strict"} +@item +@code{"xhtml-transitional"} +@item +@code{"xhtml-frameset"} +@item +@code{"xhtml-11"} +@item +@code{"html5"} +@item +@code{"xhtml5"} +@end itemize + +@noindent +See the variable @code{org-html-doctype-alist} for details. The default is +@code{"xhtml-strict"}. + +@vindex org-html-html5-fancy +@cindex @samp{HTML5}, export new elements +Org's HTML exporter does not by default enable new block elements +introduced with the HTML5 standard. To enable them, set +@code{org-html-html5-fancy} to non-@code{nil}. Or use an @samp{OPTIONS} line in the +file to set @samp{html5-fancy}. + +HTML5 documents can now have arbitrary @samp{#+BEGIN} @dots{} @samp{#+END} blocks. +For example: + +@example +#+BEGIN_aside + Lorem ipsum +#+END_aside +@end example + +@noindent +exports to: + +@example + +@end example + +@noindent +while this: + +@example +#+ATTR_HTML: :controls controls :width 350 +#+BEGIN_video +#+HTML: +#+HTML: +Your browser does not support the video tag. +#+END_video +@end example + +@noindent +exports to: + +@example + +@end example + +@vindex org-html-html5-elements +When special blocks do not have a corresponding HTML5 element, the +HTML exporter reverts to standard translation (see +@code{org-html-html5-elements}). For example, @samp{#+BEGIN_lederhosen} exports +to @code{
}. + +Special blocks cannot have headlines. For the HTML exporter to wrap +the headline and its contents in @code{
} or @code{
} tags, set +the @samp{HTML_CONTAINER} property for the headline. + +@node HTML preamble and postamble +@subsection HTML preamble and postamble + +@vindex org-html-preamble +@vindex org-html-postamble +@vindex org-html-preamble-format +@vindex org-html-postamble-format +@vindex org-html-validation-link +@vindex org-export-creator-string +@vindex org-export-time-stamp-file + +The HTML exporter has delineations for preamble and postamble. The +default value for @code{org-html-preamble} is @code{t}, which makes the HTML +exporter insert the preamble. See the variable +@code{org-html-preamble-format} for the format string. + +Set @code{org-html-preamble} to a string to override the default format +string. If the string is a function, the HTML exporter expects the +function to return a string upon execution. The HTML exporter inserts +this string in the preamble. The HTML exporter does not insert +a preamble if @code{org-html-preamble} is set @code{nil}. + +The default value for @code{org-html-postamble} is @code{auto}, which makes the +HTML exporter build a postamble from looking up author's name, email +address, creator's name, and date. Set @code{org-html-postamble} to @code{t} to +insert the postamble in the format specified in the +@code{org-html-postamble-format} variable. The HTML exporter does not +insert a postamble if @code{org-html-postamble} is set to @code{nil}. + +@node Quoting HTML tags +@subsection Quoting HTML tags + +The HTML export back-end transforms @samp{<} and @samp{>} to @samp{<} and @samp{>}. +To include raw HTML code in the Org file so the HTML export back-end +can insert that HTML code in the output, use this inline syntax: +@samp{@@@@html:...@@@@}. For example: + +@example +@@@@html:@@@@bold text@@@@html:@@@@ +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{HTML}, keyword +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT html} +For larger raw HTML code blocks, use these HTML export code blocks: + +@example +#+HTML: Literal HTML code for export + +#+BEGIN_EXPORT html + All lines between these markers are exported literally +#+END_EXPORT +@end example + +@node Headlines in HTML export +@subsection Headlines in HTML export + +@cindex headlines, in HTML export + +Headlines are exported to @samp{

}, @samp{

}, etc. Each headline gets the +@samp{id} attribute from @samp{CUSTOM_ID} property, or a unique generated value, +see @ref{Internal Links}. + +@vindex org-html-self-link-headlines +When @code{org-html-self-link-headlines} is set to a non-@code{nil} value, the +text of the headlines is also wrapped in @samp{} tags. These tags have +a @samp{href} attribute making the headlines link to themselves. + +@node Links in HTML export +@subsection Links in HTML export + +@cindex links, in HTML export +@cindex internal links, in HTML export +@cindex external links, in HTML export + +The HTML export back-end transforms Org's internal links (see +@ref{Internal Links}) to equivalent HTML links in the output. The back-end +similarly handles Org's automatic links created by radio targets (see +@ref{Radio Targets}) similarly. For Org links to external files, the +back-end transforms the links to @emph{relative} paths. + +@vindex org-html-link-org-files-as-html +For Org links to other @samp{.org} files, the back-end automatically +changes the file extension to @samp{.html} and makes file paths relative. +If the @samp{.org} files have an equivalent @samp{.html} version at the same +location, then the converted links should work without any further +manual intervention. However, to disable this automatic path +translation, set @code{org-html-link-org-files-as-html} to @code{nil}. When +disabled, the HTML export back-end substitutes the ID-based links in +the HTML output. For more about linking files when publishing to +a directory, see @ref{Publishing links}. + +Org files can also have special directives to the HTML export +back-end. For example, by using @samp{#+ATTR_HTML} lines to specify new +format attributes to @code{} or @code{} tags. This example shows +changing the link's title and style: + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_HTML}, keyword +@example +#+ATTR_HTML: :title The Org mode homepage :style color:red; +[[https://orgmode.org]] +@end example + +@node Tables in HTML export +@subsection Tables in HTML export + +@cindex tables, in HTML +@vindex org-export-html-table-tag + +The HTML export back-end uses @code{org-html-table-default-attributes} when +exporting Org tables to HTML@. By default, the exporter does not draw +frames and cell borders. To change for this for a table, use the +following lines before the table in the Org file: + +@cindex @samp{CAPTION}, keyword +@cindex @samp{ATTR_HTML}, keyword +@example +#+CAPTION: This is a table with lines around and between cells +#+ATTR_HTML: :border 2 :rules all :frame border +@end example + +The HTML export back-end preserves column groupings in Org tables (see +@ref{Column Groups}) when exporting to HTML@. + +Additional options for customizing tables for HTML export. + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-html-table-align-individual-fields} +@vindex org-html-table-align-individual-fields +Non-@code{nil} attaches style attributes for alignment to each table +field. + +@item @code{org-html-table-caption-above} +@vindex org-html-table-caption-above +Non-@code{nil} places caption string at the beginning of the table. + +@item @code{org-html-table-data-tags} +@vindex org-html-table-data-tags +Opening and ending tags for table data fields. + +@item @code{org-html-table-default-attributes} +@vindex org-html-table-default-attributes +Default attributes and values for table tags. + +@item @code{org-html-table-header-tags} +@vindex org-html-table-header-tags +Opening and ending tags for table's header fields. + +@item @code{org-html-table-row-tags} +@vindex org-html-table-row-tags +Opening and ending tags for table rows. + +@item @code{org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column} +@vindex org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column +Non-@code{nil} formats column one in tables with header tags. +@end table + +@node Images in HTML export +@subsection Images in HTML export + +@cindex images, inline in HTML +@cindex inlining images in HTML + +The HTML export back-end has features to convert Org image links to +HTML inline images and HTML clickable image links. + +@vindex org-html-inline-images +When the link in the Org file has no description, the HTML export +back-end by default in-lines that image. For example: +@samp{[[file:myimg.jpg]]} is in-lined, while @samp{[[file:myimg.jpg][the image]]} links to the text, +@samp{the image}. For more details, see the variable +@code{org-html-inline-images}. + +On the other hand, if the description part of the Org link is itself +another link, such as @samp{file:} or @samp{http:} URL pointing to an image, the +HTML export back-end in-lines this image and links to the main image. +This Org syntax enables the back-end to link low-resolution thumbnail +to the high-resolution version of the image, as shown in this example: + +@example +[[file:highres.jpg][file:thumb.jpg]] +@end example + + +To change attributes of in-lined images, use @samp{#+ATTR_HTML} lines in +the Org file. This example shows realignment to right, and adds @code{alt} +and @code{title} attributes in support of text viewers and modern web +accessibility standards. + +@cindex @samp{CAPTION}, keyword +@cindex @samp{ATTR_HTML}, keyword +@example +#+CAPTION: A black cat stalking a spider +#+ATTR_HTML: :alt cat/spider image :title Action! :align right +[[./img/a.jpg]] +@end example + +The HTML export back-end copies the @samp{http} links from the Org file +as-is. + +@node Math formatting in HTML export +@subsection Math formatting in HTML export + +@cindex MathJax +@cindex dvipng +@cindex dvisvgm +@cindex ImageMagick + +@vindex org-html-mathjax-options~ +@LaTeX{} math snippets (see @ref{@LaTeX{} fragments}) can be displayed in two +different ways on HTML pages. The default is to use the @uref{https://www.mathjax.org, MathJax}, +which should work out of the box with Org@footnote{By default Org loads MathJax from @uref{https://cdnjs.com, cdnjs.com} as recommended by +@uref{https://www.mathjax.org, MathJax}.}@footnote{Please note that exported formulas are part of an HTML +document, and that signs such as @samp{<}, @samp{>}, or @samp{&} have special +meanings. See @uref{http://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/tex.html#tex-and-latex-in-html-documents, MathJax @TeX{} and @LaTeX{} support}.}. Some MathJax +display options can be configured via @code{org-html-mathjax-options}, or +in the buffer. For example, with the following settings, + +@example +#+HTML_MATHJAX: align: left indent: 5em tagside: left font: Neo-Euler +#+HTML_MATHJAX: cancel.js noErrors.js +@end example + +@noindent +equation labels are displayed on the left margin and equations are +five em from the left margin. In addition, it loads the two MathJax +extensions @samp{cancel.js} and @samp{noErrors.js}@footnote{See @uref{http://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/tex.html#tex-extensions, @TeX{} and @LaTeX{} extensions} in the @uref{http://docs.mathjax.org, MathJax manual} to learn +about extensions.}. + +@vindex org-html-mathjax-template +See the docstring of @code{org-html-mathjax-options} for all supported +variables. The MathJax template can be configure via +@code{org-html-mathjax-template}. + +If you prefer, you can also request that @LaTeX{} fragments are processed +into small images that will be inserted into the browser page. Before +the availability of MathJax, this was the default method for Org +files. This method requires that the dvipng program, dvisvgm or +ImageMagick suite is available on your system. You can still get this +processing with + +@example +#+OPTIONS: tex:dvipng +@end example + + +@example +#+OPTIONS: tex:dvisvgm +@end example + + +@noindent +or + +@example +#+OPTIONS: tex:imagemagick +@end example + +@node Text areas in HTML export +@subsection Text areas in HTML export + +@cindex text areas, in HTML +Before Org mode's Babel, one popular approach to publishing code in +HTML was by using @samp{:textarea}. The advantage of this approach was +that copying and pasting was built into browsers with simple +JavaScript commands. Even editing before pasting was made simple. + +The HTML export back-end can create such text areas. It requires an +@samp{#+ATTR_HTML} line as shown in the example below with the @samp{:textarea} +option. This must be followed by either an example or a source code +block. Other Org block types do not honor the @samp{:textarea} option. + +By default, the HTML export back-end creates a text area 80 characters +wide and height just enough to fit the content. Override these +defaults with @samp{:width} and @samp{:height} options on the @samp{#+ATTR_HTML} +line. + +@example +#+ATTR_HTML: :textarea t :width 40 +#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + (defun org-xor (a b) + "Exclusive or." + (if a (not b) b)) +#+END_EXAMPLE +@end example + +@node CSS support +@subsection CSS support + +@cindex CSS, for HTML export +@cindex HTML export, CSS + +@vindex org-export-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix +@vindex org-export-html-tag-class-prefix +You can modify the CSS style definitions for the exported file. The +HTML exporter assigns the following special CSS classes@footnote{If the classes on TODO keywords and tags lead to conflicts, +use the variables @code{org-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix} and +@code{org-html-tag-class-prefix} to make them unique.} to +appropriate parts of the document---your style specifications may +change these, in addition to any of the standard classes like for +headlines, tables, etc. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{p.author} +@tab author information, including email +@item @code{p.date} +@tab publishing date +@item @code{p.creator} +@tab creator info, about org mode version +@item @code{.title} +@tab document title +@item @code{.subtitle} +@tab document subtitle +@item @code{.todo} +@tab TODO keywords, all not-done states +@item @code{.done} +@tab the DONE keywords, all states that count as done +@item @code{.WAITING} +@tab each TODO keyword also uses a class named after itself +@item @code{.timestamp} +@tab timestamp +@item @code{.timestamp-kwd} +@tab keyword associated with a timestamp, like @samp{SCHEDULED} +@item @code{.timestamp-wrapper} +@tab span around keyword plus timestamp +@item @code{.tag} +@tab tag in a headline +@item @code{._HOME} +@tab each tag uses itself as a class, ``@@'' replaced by ``_'' +@item @code{.target} +@tab target for links +@item @code{.linenr} +@tab the line number in a code example +@item @code{.code-highlighted} +@tab for highlighting referenced code lines +@item @code{div.outline-N} +@tab div for outline level N (headline plus text) +@item @code{div.outline-text-N} +@tab extra div for text at outline level N +@item @code{.section-number-N} +@tab section number in headlines, different for each level +@item @code{.figure-number} +@tab label like ``Figure 1:'' +@item @code{.table-number} +@tab label like ``Table 1:'' +@item @code{.listing-number} +@tab label like ``Listing 1:'' +@item @code{div.figure} +@tab how to format an in-lined image +@item @code{pre.src} +@tab formatted source code +@item @code{pre.example} +@tab normal example +@item @code{p.verse} +@tab verse paragraph +@item @code{div.footnotes} +@tab footnote section headline +@item @code{p.footnote} +@tab footnote definition paragraph, containing a footnote +@item @code{.footref} +@tab a footnote reference number (always a ) +@item @code{.footnum} +@tab footnote number in footnote definition (always ) +@item @code{.org-svg} +@tab default class for a linked @samp{.svg} image +@end multitable + +@vindex org-html-style-default +@vindex org-html-head +@vindex org-html-head-extra +@cindex @samp{HTML_INCLUDE_STYLE}, keyword +The HTML export back-end includes a compact default style in each +exported HTML file. To override the default style with another style, +use these keywords in the Org file. They will replace the global +defaults the HTML exporter uses. + +@cindex @samp{HTML_HEAD}, keyword +@cindex @samp{HTML_HEAD_EXTRA}, keyword +@example +#+HTML_HEAD: +#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: +@end example + +@vindex org-html-head-include-default-style +To just turn off the default style, customize +@code{org-html-head-include-default-style} variable, or use this option +line in the Org file. + +@cindex @samp{html-style}, @samp{OPTIONS} item +@example +#+OPTIONS: html-style:nil +@end example + + +For longer style definitions, either use several @samp{HTML_HEAD} and +@samp{HTML_HEAD_EXTRA} keywords, or use @code{} blocks +around them. Both of these approaches can avoid referring to an +external file. + +@cindex @samp{HTML_CONTAINER_CLASS}, property +@cindex @samp{HTML_HEADLINE_CLASS}, property +In order to add styles to a sub-tree, use the @samp{HTML_CONTAINER_CLASS} +property to assign a class to the tree. In order to specify CSS +styles for a particular headline, you can use the ID specified in +a @samp{CUSTOM_ID} property. You can also assign a specific class to +a headline with the @samp{HTML_HEADLINE_CLASS} property. + +Never change the @code{org-html-style-default} constant. Instead use other +simpler ways of customizing as described above. + +@node JavaScript support +@subsection JavaScript supported display of web pages + +Sebastian Rose has written a JavaScript program especially designed to +allow two different ways of viewing HTML files created with Org. One +is an @emph{Info}-like mode where each section is displayed separately and +navigation can be done with the @kbd{n} and @kbd{p} keys, and some other +keys as well, press @kbd{?} for an overview of the available keys. The +second one has a @emph{folding} view, much like Org provides inside Emacs. +The script is available at @uref{https://orgmode.org/org-info.js} and the +documentation at @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/code/org-info-js/}. The +script is hosted on @uref{https://orgmode.org}, but for reliability, prefer +installing it on your own web server. + +To use this program, just add this line to the Org file: + +@cindex @samp{INFOJS_OPT}, keyword +@example +#+INFOJS_OPT: view:info toc:nil +@end example + + +@noindent +The HTML header now has the code needed to automatically invoke the +script. For setting options, use the syntax from the above line for +options described below: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{path:} +The path to the script. The default is to grab the script from +@uref{https://orgmode.org/org-info.js}, but you might want to have a local +copy and use a path like @samp{../scripts/org-info.js}. + +@item @samp{view:} +Initial view when the website is first shown. Possible values are: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{info} +@tab Info-like interface with one section per page +@item @samp{overview} +@tab Folding interface, initially showing only top-level +@item @samp{content} +@tab Folding interface, starting with all headlines visible +@item @samp{showall} +@tab Folding interface, all headlines and text visible +@end multitable + +@item @samp{sdepth:} +Maximum headline level still considered as an independent section +for info and folding modes. The default is taken from +@code{org-export-headline-levels}, i.e., the @samp{H} switch in @samp{OPTIONS}. If +this is smaller than in @code{org-export-headline-levels}, each +info/folding section can still contain child headlines. + +@item @samp{toc:} +Should the table of contents @emph{initially} be visible? Even when +@samp{nil}, you can always get to the ``toc'' with @kbd{i}. + +@item @samp{tdepth:} +The depth of the table of contents. The defaults are taken from the +variables @code{org-export-headline-levels} and @code{org-export-with-toc}. + +@item @samp{ftoc:} +Does the CSS of the page specify a fixed position for the ``toc''? If +yes, the toc is displayed as a section. + +@item @samp{ltoc:} +Should there be short contents (children) in each section? Make +this @samp{above} if the section should be above initial text. + +@item @samp{mouse:} +Headings are highlighted when the mouse is over them. Should be +@samp{underline} (default) or a background color like @samp{#cccccc}. + +@item @samp{buttons:} +Should view-toggle buttons be everywhere? When @samp{nil} (the default), +only one such button is present. +@end table + +@vindex org-infojs-options +@vindex org-export-html-use-infojs +You can choose default values for these options by customizing the +variable @code{org-infojs-options}. If you always want to apply the script +to your pages, configure the variable @code{org-export-html-use-infojs}. + +@node @LaTeX{} Export +@section @LaTeX{} Export + +@cindex @LaTeX{} export +@cindex PDF export + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end can handle complex documents, incorporate +standard or custom @LaTeX{} document classes, generate documents using +alternate @LaTeX{} engines, and produce fully linked PDF files with +indexes, bibliographies, and tables of contents, destined for +interactive online viewing or high-quality print publication. + +While the details are covered in-depth in this section, here are some +quick references to variables for the impatient: for engines, see +@code{org-latex-compiler}; for build sequences, see +@code{org-latex-pdf-process}; for packages, see +@code{org-latex-default-packages-alist} and @code{org-latex-packages-alist}. + +An important note about the @LaTeX{} export back-end: it is sensitive to +blank lines in the Org document. That's because @LaTeX{} itself depends +on blank lines to tell apart syntactical elements, such as paragraphs. + +@menu +* @LaTeX{}/PDF export commands:: For producing @LaTeX{} and PDF documents. +* @LaTeX{} specific export settings:: Unique to this @LaTeX{} back-end. +* @LaTeX{} header and sectioning:: Setting up the export file structure. +* Quoting @LaTeX{} code:: Incorporating literal @LaTeX{} code. +* Tables in @LaTeX{} export:: Options for exporting tables to @LaTeX{}. +* Images in @LaTeX{} export:: How to insert figures into @LaTeX{} output. +* Plain lists in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to lists. +* Source blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to source code blocks. +* Example blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to example blocks. +* Special blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to special blocks. +* Horizontal rules in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to horizontal rules. +* Verse blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to special blocks. +* Quote blocks in @LaTeX{} export:: Attributes specific to quote blocks. +@end menu + +@node @LaTeX{}/PDF export commands +@subsection @LaTeX{}/PDF export commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l l} (@code{org-latex-export-to-latex}) +@kindex C-c C-e l l +@findex org-latex-export-to-latex~ +Export to a @LaTeX{} file with a @samp{.tex} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, +Org exports to @samp{myfile.tex}, overwriting without warning. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l L} (@code{org-latex-export-as-latex}) +@kindex C-c C-e l L +@findex org-latex-export-as-latex +Export to a temporary buffer. Do not create a file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l p} (@code{org-latex-export-to-pdf}) +@kindex C-c C-e l p +@findex org-latex-export-to-pdf +Export as @LaTeX{} file and convert it to PDF file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l o} +@kindex C-c C-e l o +Export as @LaTeX{} file and convert it to PDF, then open the PDF using +the default viewer. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-export-region-as-latex} +Convert the region to @LaTeX{} under the assumption that it was in Org +mode syntax before. This is a global command that can be invoked in +any buffer. +@end table + +@vindex org-latex-compiler +@vindex org-latex-bibtex-compiler +@vindex org-latex-default-packages-alist +@cindex pdflatex +@cindex xelatex +@cindex lualatex +@cindex @samp{LATEX_COMPILER}, keyword +The @LaTeX{} export back-end can use any of these @LaTeX{} engines: +@samp{pdflatex}, @samp{xelatex}, and @samp{lualatex}. These engines compile @LaTeX{} +files with different compilers, packages, and output options. The +@LaTeX{} export back-end finds the compiler version to use from +@code{org-latex-compiler} variable or the @samp{#+LATEX_COMPILER} keyword in the +Org file. See the docstring for the +@code{org-latex-default-packages-alist} for loading packages with certain +compilers. Also see @code{org-latex-bibtex-compiler} to set the +bibliography compiler@footnote{This does not allow setting different bibliography compilers +for different files. However, ``smart'' @LaTeX{} compilation systems, such +as latexmk, can select the correct bibliography compiler.}. + +@node @LaTeX{} specific export settings +@subsection @LaTeX{} specific export settings + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end has several additional keywords for +customizing @LaTeX{} output. Setting these keywords works similar to the +general options (see @ref{Export Settings}). + +@table @asis +@item @samp{DESCRIPTION} +@cindex @samp{DESCRIPTION}, keyword +@vindex org-latex-hyperref-template +@vindex org-latex-title-command +The document's description. The description along with author name, +keywords, and related file metadata are inserted in the output file +by the hyperref package. See @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} for +customizing metadata items. See @code{org-latex-title-command} for +typesetting description into the document's front matter. Use +multiple @samp{DESCRIPTION} keywords for long descriptions. + +@item @samp{LANGUAGE} +@cindex @samp{LANGUAGE}, keyword +@vindex org-latex-packages-alist +In order to be effective, the @samp{babel} or @samp{polyglossia} +packages---according to the @LaTeX{} compiler used---must be loaded +with the appropriate language as argument. This can be accomplished +by modifying the @code{org-latex-packages-alist} variable, e.g., with the +following snippet: + +@lisp +(add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist + '("AUTO" "babel" t ("pdflatex"))) +(add-to-list 'org-latex-packages-alist + '("AUTO" "polyglossia" t ("xelatex" "lualatex"))) +@end lisp + +@item @samp{LATEX_CLASS} +@cindex @samp{LATEX_CLASS}, keyword +@vindex org-latex-default-class +@vindex org-latex-classes +This is @LaTeX{} document class, such as @emph{article}, @emph{report}, @emph{book}, +and so on, which contain predefined preamble and headline level +mapping that the @LaTeX{} export back-end needs. The back-end reads +the default class name from the @code{org-latex-default-class} variable. +Org has @emph{article} as the default class. A valid default class must +be an element of @code{org-latex-classes}. + +@item @samp{LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS} +@cindex @samp{LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS}, keyword +Options the @LaTeX{} export back-end uses when calling the @LaTeX{} +document class. + +@item @samp{LATEX_COMPILER} +@cindex @samp{LATEX_COMPILER}, keyword +@vindex org-latex-compiler +The compiler, such as @samp{pdflatex}, @samp{xelatex}, @samp{lualatex}, for +producing the PDF@. See @code{org-latex-compiler}. + +@item @samp{LATEX_HEADER} +@itemx @samp{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA} +@cindex @samp{LATEX_HEADER}, keyword +@cindex @samp{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA}, keyword +@vindex org-latex-classes +Arbitrary lines to add to the document's preamble, before the +hyperref settings. See @code{org-latex-classes} for adjusting the +structure and order of the @LaTeX{} headers. + +@item @samp{KEYWORDS} +@cindex @samp{KEYWORDS}, keyword +@vindex org-latex-hyperref-template +@vindex org-latex-title-command +The keywords for the document. The description along with author +name, keywords, and related file metadata are inserted in the output +file by the hyperref package. See @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} for +customizing metadata items. See @code{org-latex-title-command} for +typesetting description into the document's front matter. Use +multiple @samp{KEYWORDS} lines if necessary. + +@item @samp{SUBTITLE} +@cindex @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword +@vindex org-latex-subtitle-separate +@vindex org-latex-subtitle-format +The document's subtitle. It is typeset as per +@code{org-latex-subtitle-format}. If @code{org-latex-subtitle-separate} is +non-@code{nil}, it is typed outside of the @code{\title} macro. See +@code{org-latex-hyperref-template} for customizing metadata items. See +@code{org-latex-title-command} for typesetting description into the +document's front matter. +@end table + +The following sections have further details. + +@node @LaTeX{} header and sectioning +@subsection @LaTeX{} header and sectioning structure + +@cindex @LaTeX{} class +@cindex @LaTeX{} sectioning structure +@cindex @LaTeX{} header +@cindex header, for @LaTeX{} files +@cindex sectioning structure, for @LaTeX{} export + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end converts the first three of Org's outline +levels into @LaTeX{} headlines. The remaining Org levels are exported as +lists. To change this globally for the cut-off point between levels +and lists, (see @ref{Export Settings}). + +By default, the @LaTeX{} export back-end uses the @emph{article} class. + +@vindex org-latex-default-class +@vindex org-latex-classes +@vindex org-latex-default-packages-alist +@vindex org-latex-packages-alist +To change the default class globally, edit @code{org-latex-default-class}. +To change the default class locally in an Org file, add option lines +@samp{#+LATEX_CLASS: myclass}. To change the default class for just a part +of the Org file, set a sub-tree property, @samp{EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS}. The +class name entered here must be valid member of @code{org-latex-classes}. +This variable defines a header template for each class into which the +exporter splices the values of @code{org-latex-default-packages-alist} and +@code{org-latex-packages-alist}. Use the same three variables to define +custom sectioning or custom classes. + +@cindex @samp{LATEX_CLASS}, keyword +@cindex @samp{LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS}, keyword +@cindex @samp{EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS}, property +@cindex @samp{EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS}, property +The @LaTeX{} export back-end sends the @samp{LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS} keyword and +@samp{EXPORT_LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS} property as options to the @LaTeX{} +@code{\documentclass} macro. The options and the syntax for specifying +them, including enclosing them in square brackets, follow @LaTeX{} +conventions. + +@example +#+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper,11pt,twoside,twocolumn] +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{LATEX_HEADER}, keyword +@cindex @samp{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA}, keyword +The @LaTeX{} export back-end appends values from @samp{LATEX_HEADER} and +@samp{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA} keywords to the @LaTeX{} header. The docstring for +@code{org-latex-classes} explains in more detail. Also note that @LaTeX{} +export back-end does not append @samp{LATEX_HEADER_EXTRA} to the header +when previewing @LaTeX{} snippets (see @ref{Previewing @LaTeX{} fragments}). + +A sample Org file with the above headers: + +@example +#+LATEX_CLASS: article +#+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper] +#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage@{xyz@} + +* Headline 1 + some text +* Headline 2 + some more text +@end example + +@node Quoting @LaTeX{} code +@subsection Quoting @LaTeX{} code + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end can insert any arbitrary @LaTeX{} code, see +@ref{Embedded @LaTeX{}}. There are three ways to embed such code in the Org +file and they all use different quoting syntax. + +@cindex inline, in @LaTeX{} export +Inserting in-line quoted with @@ symbols: + +@example +Code embedded in-line @@@@latex:any arbitrary LaTeX code@@@@ in a paragraph. +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{LATEX}, keyword +Inserting as one or more keyword lines in the Org file: + +@example +#+LATEX: any arbitrary LaTeX code +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT latex} +Inserting as an export block in the Org file, where the back-end +exports any code between begin and end markers: + +@example +#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex + any arbitrary LaTeX code +#+END_EXPORT +@end example + +@node Tables in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Tables in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex tables, in @LaTeX{} export + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end can pass several @LaTeX{} attributes for table +contents and layout. Besides specifying a label (see @ref{Internal Links}) +and a caption (see @ref{Captions}), the other valid @LaTeX{} attributes +include: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{:mode} +@vindex org-latex-default-table-mode +The @LaTeX{} export back-end wraps the table differently depending on +the mode for accurate rendering of math symbols. Mode is either +@samp{table}, @samp{math}, @samp{inline-math} or @samp{verbatim}. + +For @samp{math} or @samp{inline-math} mode, @LaTeX{} export back-end wraps the +table in a math environment, but every cell in it is exported as-is. +The @LaTeX{} export back-end determines the default mode from +@code{org-latex-default-table-mode}. The @LaTeX{} export back-end merges +contiguous tables in the same mode into a single environment. + +@item @samp{:environment} +@vindex org-latex-default-table-environment +Set the default @LaTeX{} table environment for the @LaTeX{} export +back-end to use when exporting Org tables. Common @LaTeX{} table +environments are provided by these packages: tabularx, longtable, +array, tabu, and bmatrix. For packages, such as tabularx and tabu, +or any newer replacements, include them in the +@code{org-latex-packages-alist} variable so the @LaTeX{} export back-end can +insert the appropriate load package headers in the converted @LaTeX{} +file. Look in the docstring for the @code{org-latex-packages-alist} +variable for configuring these packages for @LaTeX{} snippet previews, +if any. + +@item @samp{:caption} +Use @samp{CAPTION} keyword to set a simple caption for a table (see +@ref{Captions}). For custom captions, use @samp{:caption} attribute, which +accepts raw @LaTeX{} code. @samp{:caption} value overrides @samp{CAPTION} value. + +@item @samp{:float} +@itemx @samp{:placement} +The table environments by default are not floats in @LaTeX{}. To make +them floating objects use @samp{:float} with one of the following +options: @samp{sideways}, @samp{multicolumn}, @samp{t}, and @samp{nil}. + +@LaTeX{} floats can also have additional layout @samp{:placement} +attributes. These are the usual @samp{[h t b p ! H]} permissions +specified in square brackets. Note that for @samp{:float sideways} +tables, the @LaTeX{} export back-end ignores @samp{:placement} attributes. + +@item @samp{:align} +@itemx @samp{:font} +@itemx @samp{:width} +The @LaTeX{} export back-end uses these attributes for regular tables +to set their alignments, fonts, and widths. + +@item @samp{:spread} +When @samp{:spread} is non-@code{nil}, the @LaTeX{} export back-end spreads or +shrinks the table by the @samp{:width} for tabu and longtabu +environments. @samp{:spread} has no effect if @samp{:width} is not set. + +@item @samp{:booktabs} +@itemx @samp{:center} +@itemx @samp{:rmlines} +@vindex org-latex-tables-booktabs +@vindex org-latex-tables-centered +All three commands are toggles. @samp{:booktabs} brings in modern +typesetting enhancements to regular tables. The booktabs package +has to be loaded through @code{org-latex-packages-alist}. @samp{:center} is +for centering the table. @samp{:rmlines} removes all but the very first +horizontal line made of ASCII characters from ``table.el'' tables +only. + +@item @samp{:math-prefix} +@itemx @samp{:math-suffix} +@itemx @samp{:math-arguments} +The @LaTeX{} export back-end inserts @samp{:math-prefix} string value in +a math environment before the table. The @LaTeX{} export back-end +inserts @samp{:math-suffix} string value in a math environment after the +table. The @LaTeX{} export back-end inserts @samp{:math-arguments} string +value between the macro name and the table's contents. +@samp{:math-arguments} comes in use for matrix macros that require more +than one argument, such as @samp{qbordermatrix}. +@end table + +@LaTeX{} table attributes help formatting tables for a wide range of +situations, such as matrix product or spanning multiple pages: + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment longtable :align l|lp@{3cm@}r|l +| ... | ... | +| ... | ... | + +#+ATTR_LATEX: :mode math :environment bmatrix :math-suffix \times +| a | b | +| c | d | +#+ATTR_LATEX: :mode math :environment bmatrix +| 1 | 2 | +| 3 | 4 | +@end example + +Set the caption with the @LaTeX{} command +@samp{\bicaption@{HeadingA@}@{HeadingB@}}: + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \bicaption@{HeadingA@}@{HeadingB@} +| ... | ... | +| ... | ... | +@end example + +@node Images in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Images in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex images, inline in LaTeX +@cindex inlining images in LaTeX +@cindex @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end processes image links in Org files that do +not have descriptions, such as these links @samp{[[file:img.jpg]]} or +@samp{[[./img.jpg]]}, as direct image insertions in the final PDF output. In +the PDF, they are no longer links but actual images embedded on the +page. The @LaTeX{} export back-end uses @samp{\includegraphics} macro to +insert the image. But for TikZ (@uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/pgf/}) +images, the back-end uses an @code{\input} macro wrapped within +a @code{tikzpicture} environment. + +For specifying image @samp{:width}, @samp{:height}, @samp{:scale} and other @samp{:options}, +use this syntax: + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :width 5cm :options angle=90 +[[./img/sed-hr4049.pdf]] +@end example + +A @samp{:scale} attribute overrides both @samp{:width} and @samp{:height} attributes. + +For custom commands for captions, use the @samp{:caption} attribute. It +overrides the default @samp{#+CAPTION} value: + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \bicaption@{HeadingA@}@{HeadingB@} +[[./img/sed-hr4049.pdf]] +@end example + +When captions follow the method as described in @ref{Captions}, the @LaTeX{} +export back-end wraps the picture in a floating @samp{figure} environment. +To float an image without specifying a caption, set the @samp{:float} +attribute to one of the following: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{t} +For a standard @samp{figure} environment; used by default whenever an +image has a caption. + +@item @samp{multicolumn} +To span the image across multiple columns of a page; the back-end +wraps the image in a @samp{figure*} environment. + +@item @samp{wrap} +For text to flow around the image on the right; the figure occupies +the left half of the page. + +@item @samp{sideways} +For a new page with the image sideways, rotated ninety degrees, in +a @samp{sidewaysfigure} environment; overrides @samp{:placement} setting. + +@item @samp{nil} +To avoid a @samp{:float} even if using a caption. +@end table + +Use the @samp{placement} attribute to modify a floating environment's +placement. + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :float wrap :width 0.38\textwidth :placement @{r@}@{0.4\textwidth@} +[[./img/hst.png]] +@end example + +@vindex org-latex-images-centered +@cindex center image in LaTeX export +@cindex image, centering in LaTeX export +The @LaTeX{} export back-end centers all images by default. Setting +@samp{:center} to @samp{nil} disables centering. To disable centering globally, +set @code{org-latex-images-centered} to @samp{nil}. + +Set the @samp{:comment-include} attribute to non-@code{nil} value for the @LaTeX{} +export back-end to comment out the @samp{\includegraphics} macro. + +@node Plain lists in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Plain lists in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex plain lists, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword +The @LaTeX{} export back-end accepts the @samp{environment} and @samp{options} +attributes for plain lists. Both attributes work together for +customizing lists, as shown in the examples: + +@example +#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage[inline]@{enumitem@} +Some ways to say "Hello": +#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment itemize* +#+ATTR_LATEX: :options [label=@{@}, itemjoin=@{,@}, itemjoin*=@{, and@}] +- Hola +- Bonjour +- Guten Tag. +@end example + +Since @LaTeX{} supports only four levels of nesting for lists, use an +external package, such as @samp{enumitem} in @LaTeX{}, for levels deeper than +four: + +@example +#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage@{enumitem@} +#+LATEX_HEADER: \renewlist@{itemize@}@{itemize@}@{9@} +#+LATEX_HEADER: \setlist[itemize]@{label=$\circ$@} +- One + - Two + - Three + - Four + - Five +@end example + +@node Source blocks in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Source blocks in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex source blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end can make source code blocks into floating +objects through the attributes @samp{:float} and @samp{:options}. For @samp{:float}: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{t} +Makes a source block float; by default floats any source block with +a caption. + +@item @samp{multicolumn} +Spans the source block across multiple columns of a page. + +@item @samp{nil} +Avoids a @samp{:float} even if using a caption; useful for source code +blocks that may not fit on a page. +@end table + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :float nil +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + Lisp code that may not fit in a single page. +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@vindex org-latex-listings-options +@vindex org-latex-minted-options +The @LaTeX{} export back-end passes string values in @samp{:options} to @LaTeX{} +packages for customization of that specific source block. In the +example below, the @samp{:options} are set for Minted. Minted is a source +code highlighting @LaTeX{} package with many configurable options@footnote{Minted uses an external Python package for code highlighting, +which requires the flag @samp{-shell-escape} to be added to +@code{org-latex-pdf-process}.}. + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :options commentstyle=\bfseries +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (defun Fib (n) + (if (< n 2) n (+ (Fib (- n 1)) (Fib (- n 2))))) +#+END_SRC +@end example + +To apply similar configuration options for all source blocks in +a file, use the @code{org-latex-listings-options} and +@code{org-latex-minted-options} variables. + +@node Example blocks in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Example blocks in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex example blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex verbatim blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end wraps the contents of example blocks in +a @samp{verbatim} environment. To change this behavior to use another +environment globally, specify an appropriate export filter (see +@ref{Advanced Export Configuration}). To change this behavior to use +another environment for each block, use the @samp{:environment} parameter +to specify a custom environment. + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment myverbatim +#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + This sentence is false. +#+END_EXAMPLE +@end example + +@node Special blocks in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Special blocks in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex special blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex abstract, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex proof, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +For other special blocks in the Org file, the @LaTeX{} export back-end +makes a special environment of the same name. The back-end also takes +@samp{:options}, if any, and appends as-is to that environment's opening +string. For example: + +@example +#+BEGIN_abstract + We demonstrate how to solve the Syracuse problem. +#+END_abstract + +#+ATTR_LATEX: :options [Proof of important theorem] +#+BEGIN_proof + ... + Therefore, any even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes. +#+END_proof +@end example + +@noindent +exports to + +@example +\begin@{abstract@} + We demonstrate how to solve the Syracuse problem. +\end@{abstract@} + +\begin@{proof@}[Proof of important theorem] + ... + Therefore, any even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes. +\end@{proof@} +@end example + +If you need to insert a specific caption command, use @samp{:caption} +attribute. It overrides standard @samp{CAPTION} value, if any. For +example: + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :caption \MyCaption@{HeadingA@} +#+BEGIN_proof + ... +#+END_proof +@end example + +@node Horizontal rules in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Horizontal rules in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex horizontal rules, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end converts horizontal rules by the specified +@samp{:width} and @samp{:thickness} attributes. For example: + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :width .6\textwidth :thickness 0.8pt +----- +@end example + +@node Verse blocks in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Verse blocks in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex verse blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end accepts four attributes for verse blocks: +@samp{:lines}, @samp{:center}, @samp{:versewidth} and @samp{:latexcode}. The three first +require the external @LaTeX{} package @samp{verse.sty}, which is an extension +of the standard @LaTeX{} environment. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{:lines} +To add marginal verse numbering. Its value is an +integer, the sequence in which the verses should be numbered. +@item @samp{:center} +With value @samp{t} all the verses on the page are optically +centered (a typographic convention for poetry), taking as a +reference the longest verse, which must be indicated by the +attribute @samp{:versewidth}. +@item @samp{:versewidth} +Its value is a literal text string with the longest +verse. +@item @samp{:latexcode} +It accepts any arbitrary @LaTeX{} code that can be +included within a @LaTeX{} @samp{verse} environment. +@end table + +A complete example with Shakespeare's first sonnet: + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :center t :latexcode \color@{red@} :lines 5 +#+ATTR_LATEX: :versewidth Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel, +#+BEGIN_VERSE +From fairest creatures we desire increase, +That thereby beauty’s rose might never die, +But as the riper should by time decease +His tender heir might bear his memory +But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes, +Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel, +Making a famine where abundance lies, +Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel. +Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament, +And only herald to the gaudy spring, +Within thine own bud buriest thy content, +And, tender churl, mak’st waste in niggardly. +Pity the world, or else this glutton be, +To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee. +#+END_VERSE +@end example + +@node Quote blocks in @LaTeX{} export +@subsection Quote blocks in @LaTeX{} export + +@cindex quote blocks, in @LaTeX{} export +@cindex @samp{ATTR_LATEX}, keyword +@cindex org-latex-default-quote-environment + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end accepts two attributes for quote blocks: +@samp{:environment}, for an arbitrary quoting environment (the default +value is that of @code{org-latex-default-quote-environment}: @code{"quote"}) and +@samp{:options}. For example, to choose the environment @samp{quotation}, +included as an alternative to @samp{quote} in standard @LaTeX{} classes: + +@example +#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment quotation +#+BEGIN_QUOTE +some text... +#+END_QUOTE +@end example + +To choose the @samp{foreigndisplayquote} environment, included in the @LaTeX{} +package @samp{csquotes}, with the @samp{german} option, use this syntax: + +@example +#+LATEX_HEADER:\usepackage[autostyle=true]@{csquotes@} +#+ATTR_LATEX: :environment foreigndisplayquote :options @{german@} +#+BEGIN_QUOTE +some text in German... +#+END_QUOTE +@end example + +@noindent +which is exported to @LaTeX{} as + +@example +\begin@{foreigndisplayquote@}@{german@} +some text in German... +\end@{foreigndisplayquote@} +@end example + +@node Markdown Export +@section Markdown Export + +@cindex Markdown export + +The Markdown export back-end, ``md'', converts an Org file to Markdown +format, as defined at @uref{http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/}. + +Since it is built on top of the HTML back-end (see @ref{HTML Export}), it +converts every Org construct not defined in Markdown syntax, such as +tables, to HTML@. + +@anchor{Markdown export commands} +@subheading Markdown export commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e m m} (@code{org-md-export-to-markdown}) +@kindex C-c C-c m m +@findex org-md-export-to-markdown +Export to a text file with Markdown syntax. For @samp{myfile.org}, Org +exports to @samp{myfile.md}, overwritten without warning. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e m M} (@code{org-md-export-as-markdown}) +@kindex C-c C-c m M +@findex org-md-export-as-markdown +Export to a temporary buffer. Does not create a file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e m o} +@kindex C-c C-e m o +Export as a text file with Markdown syntax, then open it. +@end table + +@anchor{Header and sectioning structure (1)} +@subheading Header and sectioning structure + +@vindex org-md-headline-style +Based on @code{org-md-headline-style}, Markdown export can generate +headlines of both @emph{atx} and @emph{setext} types. @emph{atx} limits headline +levels to two whereas @emph{setext} limits headline levels to six. Beyond +these limits, the export back-end converts headlines to lists. To set +a limit to a level before the absolute limit (see @ref{Export Settings}). + +@node OpenDocument Text Export +@section OpenDocument Text Export + +@cindex ODT +@cindex OpenDocument +@cindex export, OpenDocument +@cindex LibreOffice + +The ODT export back-end handles creating of OpenDocument Text (ODT) +format. Documents created by this exporter use the +@cite{OpenDocument-v1.2 specification}@footnote{See @uref{http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.2/OpenDocument-v1.2.html, Open Document Format for Office Applications +(OpenDocument) Version 1.2}.} and are compatible +with LibreOffice 3.4. + +@menu +* Pre-requisites for ODT export:: Required packages. +* ODT export commands:: Invoking export. +* ODT specific export settings:: Configuration options. +* Extending ODT export:: Producing DOC, PDF files. +* Applying custom styles:: Styling the output. +* Links in ODT export:: Handling and formatting links. +* Tables in ODT export:: Org tables conversions. +* Images in ODT export:: Inserting images. +* Math formatting in ODT export:: Formatting @LaTeX{} fragments. +* Labels and captions in ODT export:: Rendering objects. +* Literal examples in ODT export:: For source code and example blocks. +* Advanced topics in ODT export:: For power users. +@end menu + +@node Pre-requisites for ODT export +@subsection Pre-requisites for ODT export + +@cindex zip + +The ODT export back-end relies on the zip program to create the final +compressed ODT output. Check if @samp{zip} is locally available and +executable. Without it, export cannot finish. + +@node ODT export commands +@subsection ODT export commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e o o} (@code{org-export-to-odt}) +@kindex C-c C-e o o +@findex org-export-to-odt +Export as OpenDocument Text file. + +@cindex @samp{EXPORT_FILE_NAME}, property +@vindex org-odt-preferred-output-format + +If @code{org-odt-preferred-output-format} is specified, the ODT export +back-end automatically converts the exported file to that format. + +For @samp{myfile.org}, Org exports to @samp{myfile.odt}, overwriting without +warning. The ODT export back-end exports a region only if a region +was active. + +If the selected region is a single tree, the ODT export back-end +makes the tree head the document title. Incidentally, @kbd{C-c @@} selects the current sub-tree. If the tree head entry has, or +inherits, an @samp{EXPORT_FILE_NAME} property, the ODT export back-end +uses that for file name. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e o O} +@kindex C-c C-e o O +Export as an OpenDocument Text file and open the resulting file. + +@vindex org-export-odt-preferred-output-format +If @code{org-export-odt-preferred-output-format} is specified, open the +converted file instead. See @ref{Automatically exporting to other formats}. +@end table + +@node ODT specific export settings +@subsection ODT specific export settings + +The ODT export back-end has several additional keywords for +customizing ODT output. Setting these keywords works similar to the +general options (see @ref{Export Settings}). + +@table @asis +@item @samp{DESCRIPTION} +@cindex @samp{DESCRIPTION}, keyword +This is the document's description, which the ODT export back-end +inserts as document metadata. For long descriptions, use multiple +lines, prefixed with @samp{DESCRIPTION}. + +@item @samp{KEYWORDS} +@cindex @samp{KEYWORDS}, keyword +The keywords for the document. The ODT export back-end inserts the +description along with author name, keywords, and related file +metadata as metadata in the output file. Use multiple @samp{KEYWORDS} if +necessary. + +@item @samp{ODT_STYLES_FILE} +@cindex @samp{ODT_STYLES_FILE}, keyword +@vindex org-odt-styles-file +The ODT export back-end uses the @code{org-odt-styles-file} by default. +See @ref{Applying custom styles} for details. + +@item @samp{SUBTITLE} +@cindex @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword +The document subtitle. +@end table + +@node Extending ODT export +@subsection Extending ODT export + +The ODT export back-end can produce documents in other formats besides +ODT using a specialized ODT converter process. Its common interface +works with popular converters to produce formats such as @samp{doc}, or +convert a document from one format, say @samp{csv}, to another format, say +@samp{xls}. + +@cindex @file{unoconv} +@vindex org-odt-convert-process +Customize @code{org-odt-convert-process} variable to point to @samp{unoconv}, +which is the ODT's preferred converter. Working installations of +LibreOffice would already have @samp{unoconv} installed. Alternatively, +other converters may be substituted here. See @ref{Configuring a document converter}. + +@anchor{Automatically exporting to other formats} +@subsubheading Automatically exporting to other formats + +@vindex org-odt-preferred-output-format +If ODT format is just an intermediate step to get to other formats, +such as @samp{doc}, @samp{docx}, @samp{rtf}, or @samp{pdf}, etc., then extend the ODT +export back-end to directly produce that format. Specify the final +format in the @code{org-odt-preferred-output-format} variable. This is one +way to extend (see @ref{ODT export commands}). + +@anchor{Converting between document formats} +@subsubheading Converting between document formats + +The Org export back-end is made to be inter-operable with a wide range +of text document format converters. Newer generation converters, such +as LibreOffice and Pandoc, can handle hundreds of formats at once. +Org provides a consistent interaction with whatever converter is +installed. Here are some generic commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-odt-convert} +@findex org-odt-convert +Convert an existing document from one format to another. With +a prefix argument, opens the newly produced file. +@end table + +@node Applying custom styles +@subsection Applying custom styles + +@cindex styles, custom +@cindex template, custom + +The ODT export back-end comes with many OpenDocument styles (see +@ref{Working with OpenDocument style files}). To expand or further +customize these built-in style sheets, either edit the style sheets +directly or generate them using an application such as LibreOffice. +The example here shows creating a style using LibreOffice. + +@anchor{Applying custom styles the easy way} +@subsubheading Applying custom styles: the easy way + +@enumerate +@item +Create a sample @samp{example.org} file with settings as shown below, +and export it to ODT format. + +@example +#+OPTIONS: H:10 num:t +@end example + +@item +Open the above @samp{example.odt} using LibreOffice. Use the @emph{Stylist} +to locate the target styles, which typically have the ``Org'' prefix. +Open one, modify, and save as either OpenDocument Text (ODT) or +OpenDocument Template (OTT) file. + +@item +@vindex org-odt-styles-file +Customize the variable @code{org-odt-styles-file} and point it to the +newly created file. For additional configuration options, see +@ref{x-overriding-factory-styles, , Overriding factory styles}. + +@cindex @samp{ODT_STYLES_FILE}, keyword +To apply an ODT style to a particular file, use the +@samp{ODT_STYLES_FILE} keyword as shown in the example below: + +@example +#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: "/path/to/example.ott" +@end example + + +@noindent +or + +@example +#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: ("/path/to/file.ott" ("styles.xml" "image/hdr.png")) +@end example +@end enumerate + +@anchor{Using third-party styles and templates} +@subsubheading Using third-party styles and templates + +The ODT export back-end relies on many templates and style names. +Using third-party styles and templates can lead to mismatches. +Templates derived from built in ODT templates and styles seem to have +fewer problems. + +@node Links in ODT export +@subsection Links in ODT export + +@cindex links, in ODT export + +ODT exporter creates native cross-references for internal links. It +creates Internet-style links for all other links. + +A link with no description and pointing to a regular, un-itemized, +outline heading is replaced with a cross-reference and section number +of the heading. + +A @samp{\ref@{label@}}-style reference to an image, table etc., is replaced +with a cross-reference and sequence number of the labeled entity. See +@ref{Labels and captions in ODT export}. + +@node Tables in ODT export +@subsection Tables in ODT export + +@cindex tables, in ODT export + +The ODT export back-end handles native Org mode tables (see @ref{Tables}) +and simple @samp{table.el} tables. Complex @samp{table.el} tables having column +or row spans are not supported. Such tables are stripped from the +exported document. + +By default, the ODT export back-end exports a table with top and +bottom frames and with ruled lines separating row and column groups +(see @ref{Column Groups}). All tables are typeset to occupy the same +width. The ODT export back-end honors any table alignments and +relative widths for columns (see @ref{Column Width and Alignment}). + +Note that the ODT export back-end interprets column widths as weighted +ratios, the default weight being 1. + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_ODT}, keyword +Specifying @samp{:rel-width} property on an @samp{ATTR_ODT} line controls the +width of the table. For example: + +@example +#+ATTR_ODT: :rel-width 50 +| Area/Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Sum | +|---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------| +| / | < | | | < | +| | | | | | +| North America | 1 | 21 | 926 | 948 | +| Middle East | 6 | 75 | 844 | 925 | +| Asia Pacific | 9 | 27 | 790 | 826 | +|---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------| +| Sum | 16 | 123 | 2560 | 2699 | +@end example + +On export, the above table takes 50% of text width area. The exporter +sizes the columns in the ratio: 13:5:5:5:6. The first column is +left-aligned and rest of the columns, right-aligned. Vertical rules +separate the header and the last column. Horizontal rules separate +the header and the last row. + +For even more customization, create custom table styles and associate +them with a table using the @samp{ATTR_ODT} keyword. See @ref{Customizing tables in ODT export}. + +@node Images in ODT export +@subsection Images in ODT export + +@cindex images, embedding in ODT +@cindex embedding images in ODT + +@anchor{Embedding images} +@subsubheading Embedding images + +The ODT export back-end processes image links in Org files that do not +have descriptions, such as these links @samp{[[file:img.jpg]]} or @samp{[[./img.jpg]]}, +as direct image insertions in the final output. Either of these +examples works: + +@example +[[file:img.png]] +@end example + + +@example +[[./img.png]] +@end example + +@anchor{Embedding clickable images} +@subsubheading Embedding clickable images + +For clickable images, provide a link whose description is another link +to an image file. For example, to embed an image +@samp{org-mode-unicorn.png} which when clicked jumps to @uref{https://orgmode.org} +website, do the following + +@example +[[https://orgmode.org][./org-mode-unicorn.png]] +@end example + +@anchor{Sizing and scaling of embedded images} +@subsubheading Sizing and scaling of embedded images + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_ODT}, keyword + +Control the size and scale of the embedded images with the @samp{ATTR_ODT} +attribute. + +@cindex identify, ImageMagick +@vindex org-odt-pixels-per-inch +The ODT export back-end starts with establishing the size of the image +in the final document. The dimensions of this size are measured in +centimeters. The back-end then queries the image file for its +dimensions measured in pixels. For this measurement, the back-end +relies on ImageMagick's identify program or Emacs @code{create-image} and +@code{image-size} API@. ImageMagick is the preferred choice for large file +sizes or frequent batch operations. The back-end then converts the +pixel dimensions using @code{org-odt-pixels-per-inch} into the familiar 72 +dpi or 96 dpi. The default value for this is in +@code{display-pixels-per-inch}, which can be tweaked for better results +based on the capabilities of the output device. Here are some common +image scaling operations: + +@table @asis +@item Explicitly size the image +To embed @samp{img.png} as a 10 cm x 10 cm image, do the following: + +@example +#+ATTR_ODT: :width 10 :height 10 +[[./img.png]] +@end example + +@item Scale the image +To embed @samp{img.png} at half its size, do the following: + +@example +#+ATTR_ODT: :scale 0.5 +[[./img.png]] +@end example + +@item Scale the image to a specific width +To embed @samp{img.png} with a width of 10 cm while retaining the +original height:width ratio, do the following: + +@example +#+ATTR_ODT: :width 10 +[[./img.png]] +@end example + +@item Scale the image to a specific height +To embed @samp{img.png} with a height of 10 cm while retaining the +original height:width ratio, do the following: + +@example +#+ATTR_ODT: :height 10 +[[./img.png]] +@end example +@end table + +@anchor{Anchoring of images} +@subsubheading Anchoring of images + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_ODT}, keyword +The ODT export back-end can anchor images to @samp{as-char}, @samp{paragraph}, +or @samp{page}. Set the preferred anchor using the @samp{:anchor} property of +the @samp{ATTR_ODT} line. + +To create an image that is anchored to a page: + +@example +#+ATTR_ODT: :anchor page +[[./img.png]] +@end example + +@node Math formatting in ODT export +@subsection Math formatting in ODT export + +The ODT exporter has special support for handling math. + +@menu +* @LaTeX{} math snippets:: Embedding in @LaTeX{} format. +* MathML and OpenDocument formula files:: Embedding in native format. +@end menu + +@node @LaTeX{} math snippets +@subsubsection @LaTeX{} math snippets + +@LaTeX{} math snippets (see @ref{@LaTeX{} fragments}) can be embedded in the ODT +document in one of the following ways: + +@table @asis +@item MathML +@cindex MathML +Add this line to the Org file. This option is activated on +a per-file basis. + +@example +#+OPTIONS: tex:t +@end example + + +With this option, @LaTeX{} fragments are first converted into MathML +fragments using an external @LaTeX{}-to-MathML converter program. The +resulting MathML fragments are then embedded as an OpenDocument +Formula in the exported document. + +@vindex org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command +@vindex org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file +You can specify the @LaTeX{}-to-MathML converter by customizing the +variables @code{org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command} and +@code{org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file}. + +If you prefer to use MathToWeb@footnote{See @uref{http://www.mathtoweb.com/cgi-bin/mathtoweb_home.pl, MathToWeb}.} as your converter, you can +configure the above variables as shown below. + +@lisp +(setq org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command + "java -jar %j -unicode -force -df %o %I" + org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file + "/path/to/mathtoweb.jar") +@end lisp + +@noindent +or, to use @LaTeX{}​ML@footnote{See @uref{http://dlmf.nist.gov/LaTeXML/}.} instead, + +@lisp +(setq org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command + "latexmlmath \"%i\" --presentationmathml=%o") +@end lisp + +To quickly verify the reliability of the @LaTeX{}-to-MathML +converter, use the following commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-export-as-odf} +Convert a @LaTeX{} math snippet to an OpenDocument formula (@samp{.odf}) +file. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-export-as-odf-and-open} +Convert a @LaTeX{} math snippet to an OpenDocument formula (@samp{.odf}) +file and open the formula file with the system-registered +application. +@end table + +@item PNG images +@cindex dvipng +@cindex dvisvgm +@cindex ImageMagick +Add this line to the Org file. This option is activated on +a per-file basis. + +@example +#+OPTIONS: tex:dvipng +@end example + + +@example +#+OPTIONS: tex:dvisvgm +@end example + + +@noindent +or + +@example +#+OPTIONS: tex:imagemagick +@end example + + +Under this option, @LaTeX{} fragments are processed into PNG or SVG +images and the resulting images are embedded in the exported +document. This method requires dvipng program, dvisvgm or +ImageMagick programs. +@end table + +@node MathML and OpenDocument formula files +@subsubsection MathML and OpenDocument formula files + +When embedding @LaTeX{} math snippets in ODT documents is not reliable, +there is one more option to try. Embed an equation by linking to its +MathML (@samp{.mml}) source or its OpenDocument formula (@samp{.odf}) file as +shown below: + +@example +[[./equation.mml]] +@end example + + +@noindent +or + +@example +[[./equation.odf]] +@end example + +@node Labels and captions in ODT export +@subsection Labels and captions in ODT export + +ODT format handles labeling and captioning of objects based on their +types. Inline images, tables, @LaTeX{} fragments, and Math formulas are +numbered and captioned separately. Each object also gets a unique +sequence number based on its order of first appearance in the Org +file. Each category has its own sequence. A caption is just a label +applied to these objects. + +@example +#+CAPTION: Bell curve +#+NAME: fig:SED-HR4049 +[[./img/a.png]] +@end example + +When rendered, it may show as follows in the exported document: + +@example +Figure 2: Bell curve +@end example + + +@vindex org-odt-category-map-alist +To modify the category component of the caption, customize the option +@code{org-odt-category-map-alist}. For example, to tag embedded images +with the string ``Illustration'' instead of the default string ``Figure'', +use the following setting: + +@lisp +(setq org-odt-category-map-alist + '(("__Figure__" "Illustration" "value" "Figure" org-odt--enumerable-image-p))) +@end lisp + +With the above modification, the previous example changes to: + +@example +Illustration 2: Bell curve +@end example + +@node Literal examples in ODT export +@subsection Literal examples in ODT export + +The ODT export back-end supports literal examples (see @ref{Literal Examples}) with full fontification. Internally, the ODT export +back-end relies on @samp{htmlfontify.el} to generate the style definitions +needed for fancy listings. The auto-generated styles get @samp{OrgSrc} +prefix and inherit colors from the faces used by Emacs Font Lock +library for that source language. + +@vindex org-odt-fontify-srcblocks +For custom fontification styles, customize the +@code{org-odt-create-custom-styles-for-srcblocks} option. + +@vindex org-odt-create-custom-styles-for-srcblocks +To turn off fontification of literal examples, customize the +@code{org-odt-fontify-srcblocks} option. + +@node Advanced topics in ODT export +@subsection Advanced topics in ODT export + +The ODT export back-end has extensive features useful for power users +and frequent uses of ODT formats. + +@anchor{Configuring a document converter} +@subsubheading Configuring a document converter + +@cindex convert +@cindex doc, docx, rtf +@cindex converter + +The ODT export back-end works with popular converters with little or +no extra configuration. See @ref{Extending ODT export}. The following is +for unsupported converters or tweaking existing defaults. + +@table @asis +@item Register the converter +@vindex org-export-odt-convert-processes +Add the name of the converter to the @code{org-odt-convert-processes} +variable. Note that it also requires how the converter is invoked +on the command line. See the variable's docstring for details. + +@item Configure its capabilities +@vindex org-export-odt-convert-capabilities +Specify which formats the converter can handle by customizing the +variable @code{org-odt-convert-capabilities}. Use the entry for the +default values in this variable for configuring the new converter. +Also see its docstring for details. + +@item Choose the converter +@vindex org-export-odt-convert-process +Select the newly added converter as the preferred one by customizing +the option @code{org-odt-convert-process}. +@end table + +@anchor{Working with OpenDocument style files} +@subsubheading Working with OpenDocument style files + +@cindex styles, custom +@cindex template, custom + +This section explores the internals of the ODT exporter; the means by which +it produces styled documents; the use of automatic and custom OpenDocument +styles. + +The ODT exporter relies on two files for generating its output. These +files are bundled with the distribution under the directory pointed to +by the variable @code{org-odt-styles-dir}. The two files are: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{OrgOdtStyles.xml} @anchor{x-orgodtstyles-xml} +This file contributes to the @samp{styles.xml} file of the final ODT +document. This file gets modified for the following purposes: + +@enumerate +@item +To control outline numbering based on user settings; + +@item +To add styles generated by @samp{htmlfontify.el} for fontification of +code blocks. +@end enumerate + +@item @samp{OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml} @anchor{x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml} +This file contributes to the @samp{content.xml} file of the final ODT +document. The contents of the Org outline are inserted between the +@samp{} @dots{} @samp{} elements of this file. + +Apart from serving as a template file for the final @samp{content.xml}, +the file serves the following purposes: + +@enumerate +@item +It contains automatic styles for formatting of tables which are +referenced by the exporter; + +@item +It contains @samp{} @dots{} @samp{} +elements that control numbering of tables, images, equations, and +similar entities. +@end enumerate +@end table + +@anchor{x-overriding-factory-styles} The following two variables control +the location from where the ODT exporter picks up the custom styles +and content template files. Customize these variables to override the +factory styles used by the exporter. + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-odt-styles-file} +The ODT export back-end uses the file pointed to by this variable, +such as @samp{styles.xml}, for the final output. It can take one of the +following values: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{FILE.xml} +Use this file instead of the default @samp{styles.xml} + +@item @samp{FILE.odt} or @samp{FILE.ott} +Use the @samp{styles.xml} contained in the specified OpenDocument +Text or Template file + +@item @samp{FILE.odt} or @samp{FILE.ott} and a subset of included files +Use the @samp{styles.xml} contained in the specified OpenDocument Text +or Template file. Additionally extract the specified member files +and embed those within the final ODT document. + +Use this option if the @samp{styles.xml} file references additional +files like header and footer images. + +@item @code{nil} +Use the default @samp{styles.xml}. +@end table + +@item @code{org-odt-content-template-file} +Use this variable to specify the blank @samp{content.xml} used in the +final output. +@end table + +@anchor{Creating one-off styles} +@subsubheading Creating one-off styles + +The ODT export back-end can read embedded raw OpenDocument XML from +the Org file. Such direct formatting is useful for one-off instances. + +@table @asis +@item Embedding ODT tags as part of regular text +Enclose OpenDocument syntax in @samp{@@@@odt:...@@@@} for inline markup. For +example, to highlight a region of text do the following: + +@example +@@@@odt:This is highlighted +text@@@@. But this is regular text. +@end example + +@strong{Hint:} To see the above example in action, edit the @samp{styles.xml} +(see @ref{x-orgodtstyles-xml, , Factory styles}) and add a custom @emph{Highlight} style as shown +below: + +@example + + + +@end example + +@item Embedding a one-line OpenDocument XML +@cindex @samp{ODT}, keyword +The ODT export back-end can read one-liner options with @samp{#+ODT:} in +the Org file. For example, to force a page break: + +@example +#+ODT: +@end example + +@strong{Hint:} To see the above example in action, edit your +@samp{styles.xml} (see @ref{x-orgodtstyles-xml, , Factory styles}) and add a custom @samp{PageBreak} +style as shown below. + +@example + + + +@end example + +@item Embedding a block of OpenDocument XML +The ODT export back-end can also read ODT export blocks for +OpenDocument XML@. Such blocks use the @samp{#+BEGIN_EXPORT odt} +@dots{} @samp{#+END_EXPORT} constructs. + +For example, to create a one-off paragraph that uses bold text, do +the following: + +@example +#+BEGIN_EXPORT odt + + This paragraph is specially formatted and uses bold text. + +#+END_EXPORT +@end example +@end table + +@anchor{Customizing tables in ODT export} +@subsubheading Customizing tables in ODT export + +@cindex tables, in ODT export +@cindex @samp{ATTR_ODT}, keyword + +Override the default table format by specifying a custom table style +with the @samp{#+ATTR_ODT} line. For a discussion on default formatting of +tables, see @ref{Tables in ODT export}. + +This feature closely mimics the way table templates are defined in the +OpenDocument-v1.2 specification@footnote{@uref{http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.2/OpenDocument-v1.2.html, OpenDocument-v1.2 Specification}}. + +@vindex org-odt-table-styles +For quick preview of this feature, install the settings below and export the +table that follows: + +@lisp +(setq org-export-odt-table-styles + (append org-export-odt-table-styles + '(("TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" "Custom" + ((use-first-row-styles . t) + (use-first-column-styles . t))) + ("TableWithFirstRowandLastRow" "Custom" + ((use-first-row-styles . t) + (use-last-row-styles . t)))))) +@end lisp + +@example +#+ATTR_ODT: :style TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn +| Name | Phone | Age | +| Peter | 1234 | 17 | +| Anna | 4321 | 25 | +@end example + +The example above used @samp{Custom} template and installed two table +styles @samp{TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn} and +@samp{TableWithFirstRowandLastRow}. @strong{Important:} The OpenDocument styles +needed for producing the above template were pre-defined. They are +available in the section marked @samp{Custom Table Template} in +@samp{OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml} (see @ref{x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml, , Factory styles}). For adding new +templates, define new styles there. + +To use this feature proceed as follows: + +@enumerate +@item +Create a table template@footnote{See the @samp{} element of the +OpenDocument-v1.2 specification.}. + +A table template is set of @samp{table-cell} and @samp{paragraph} styles for +each of the following table cell categories: + +@itemize +@item +Body +@item +First column +@item +Last column +@item +First row +@item +Last row +@item +Even row +@item +Odd row +@item +Even column +@item +Odd Column +@end itemize + +The names for the above styles must be chosen based on the name of +the table template using a well-defined convention. + +The naming convention is better illustrated with an example. For +a table template with the name @samp{Custom}, the needed style names are +listed in the following table. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@headitem Cell type +@tab Cell style +@tab Paragraph style +@item Body +@tab @samp{CustomTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomTableParagraph} +@item First column +@tab @samp{CustomFirstColumnTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomFirstColumnTableParagraph} +@item Last column +@tab @samp{CustomLastColumnTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomLastColumnTableParagraph} +@item First row +@tab @samp{CustomFirstRowTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomFirstRowTableParagraph} +@item Last row +@tab @samp{CustomLastRowTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomLastRowTableParagraph} +@item Even row +@tab @samp{CustomEvenRowTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomEvenRowTableParagraph} +@item Odd row +@tab @samp{CustomOddRowTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomOddRowTableParagraph} +@item Even column +@tab @samp{CustomEvenColumnTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomEvenColumnTableParagraph} +@item Odd column +@tab @samp{CustomOddColumnTableCell} +@tab @samp{CustomOddColumnTableParagraph} +@end multitable + +To create a table template with the name @samp{Custom}, define the above +styles in the @samp{} @dots{} +@samp{} element of the content template file +(see @ref{x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml, , Factory styles}). + +@item +Define a table style@footnote{See the attributes @samp{table:template-name}, +@samp{table:use-first-row-styles}, @samp{table:use-last-row-styles}, +@samp{table:use-first-column-styles}, @samp{table:use-last-column-styles}, +@samp{table:use-banding-rows-styles}, and @samp{table:use-banding-column-styles} +of the @samp{} element in the OpenDocument-v1.2 specification.}. + +@vindex org-odt-table-styles +To define a table style, create an entry for the style in the +variable @code{org-odt-table-styles} and specify the following: + +@itemize +@item +the name of the table template created in step (1), +@item +the set of cell styles in that template that are to be activated. +@end itemize + +For example, the entry below defines two different table styles +@samp{TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn} and @samp{TableWithFirstRowandLastRow} +based on the same template @samp{Custom}. The styles achieve their +intended effect by selectively activating the individual cell +styles in that template. + +@lisp +(setq org-export-odt-table-styles + (append org-export-odt-table-styles + '(("TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" "Custom" + ((use-first-row-styles . t) + (use-first-column-styles . t))) + ("TableWithFirstRowandLastRow" "Custom" + ((use-first-row-styles . t) + (use-last-row-styles . t)))))) +@end lisp + +@item +Associate a table with the table style. + +To do this, specify the table style created in step (2) as part of +the @samp{ATTR_ODT} line as shown below. + +@example +#+ATTR_ODT: :style TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn +| Name | Phone | Age | +| Peter | 1234 | 17 | +| Anna | 4321 | 25 | +@end example +@end enumerate + +@anchor{Validating OpenDocument XML} +@subsubheading Validating OpenDocument XML + +Sometimes ODT format files may not open due to @samp{.odt} file corruption. +To verify if such a file is corrupt, validate it against the +OpenDocument Relax NG Compact (RNC) syntax schema. But first the +@samp{.odt} files have to be decompressed using @samp{zip}. Note that @samp{.odt} +files are ZIP archives: @ref{File Archives,,,emacs,}. The contents of +ODT files are in XML@. For general help with validation---and +schema-sensitive editing---of XML files: @ref{Introduction,,,nxml-mode,}. + +@vindex org-export-odt-schema-dir +Customize @code{org-odt-schema-dir} to point to a directory with +OpenDocument RNC files and the needed schema-locating rules. The ODT +export back-end takes care of updating the +@code{rng-schema-locating-files}. + +@node Org Export +@section Org Export + +@cindex Org export +@emph{org} export back-end creates a normalized version of the Org document +in current buffer. The exporter evaluates Babel code (see @ref{Evaluating Code Blocks}) and removes content specific to other back-ends. + +@anchor{Org export commands} +@subheading Org export commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e O o} (@code{org-org-export-to-org}) +@kindex C-c C-e O o +@findex org-org-export-to-org +Export as an Org file with a @samp{.org} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, +Org exports to @samp{myfile.org.org}, overwriting without warning. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e O v} (~~) +@kindex C-c C-e O v +Export to an Org file, then open it. +@end table + +@node Texinfo Export +@section Texinfo Export + +@menu +* Texinfo export commands:: Invoking commands. +* Texinfo specific export settings:: Setting the environment. +* Texinfo file header:: Generating the header. +* Texinfo title and copyright page:: Creating preamble pages. +* Info directory file:: Installing a manual in Info file hierarchy. +* Headings and sectioning structure:: Building document structure. +* Indices:: Creating indices. +* Quoting Texinfo code:: Incorporating literal Texinfo code. +* Plain lists in Texinfo export:: List attributes. +* Tables in Texinfo export:: Table attributes. +* Images in Texinfo export:: Image attributes. +* Quotations in Texinfo export:: Quote block attributes. +* Special blocks in Texinfo export:: Special block attributes. +* A Texinfo example:: Processing Org to Texinfo. +@end menu + +@node Texinfo export commands +@subsection Texinfo export commands + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e i t} (@code{org-texinfo-export-to-texinfo}) +@kindex C-c C-e i t +@findex org-texinfo-export-to-texinfo +Export as a Texinfo file with @samp{.texi} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, +Org exports to @samp{myfile.texi}, overwriting without warning. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e i i} (@code{org-texinfo-export-to-info}) +@kindex C-c C-e i i +@findex org-texinfo-export-to-info +@vindex org-texinfo-info-process +Export to Texinfo format first and then process it to make an Info +file. To generate other formats, such as DocBook, customize the +@code{org-texinfo-info-process} variable. +@end table + +@node Texinfo specific export settings +@subsection Texinfo specific export settings + +The Texinfo export back-end has several additional keywords for +customizing Texinfo output. Setting these keywords works similar to +the general options (see @ref{Export Settings}). + +@table @asis +@item @samp{SUBTITLE} +@cindex @samp{SUBTITLE}, keyword +The document subtitle. + +@item @samp{SUBAUTHOR} +@cindex @samp{SUBAUTHOR}, keyword +Additional authors for the document. + +@item @samp{TEXINFO_FILENAME} +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_FILENAME}, keyword +The Texinfo filename. + +@item @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS} +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS}, keyword +@vindex org-texinfo-default-class +The default document class (@code{org-texinfo-default-class}), which must +be a member of @code{org-texinfo-classes}. + +@item @samp{TEXINFO_HEADER} +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_HEADER}, keyword +Arbitrary lines inserted at the end of the header. + +@item @samp{TEXINFO_POST_HEADER} +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_POST_HEADER}, keyword +Arbitrary lines inserted after the end of the header. + +@item @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY} +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY}, keyword +The directory category of the document. + +@item @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE} +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE}, keyword +The directory title of the document. + +@item @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_DESC} +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_DESC}, keyword +The directory description of the document. + +@item @samp{TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE} +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE}, keyword +The printed title of the document. +@end table + +@node Texinfo file header +@subsection Texinfo file header + +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_FILENAME}, keyword +After creating the header for a Texinfo file, the Texinfo back-end +automatically generates a name and destination path for the Info file. +To override this default with a more sensible path and name, specify +the @samp{TEXINFO_FILENAME} keyword. + +@vindex org-texinfo-coding-system +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_HEADER}, keyword +Along with the output's file name, the Texinfo header also contains +language details (see @ref{Export Settings}) and encoding system as set in +the @code{org-texinfo-coding-system} variable. Insert @samp{TEXINFO_HEADER} +keywords for each additional command in the header, for example: + +@example +#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @@synindex +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS}, keyword +@vindex org-texinfo-classes +Instead of repeatedly installing the same set of commands, define +a class in @code{org-texinfo-classes} once, and then activate it in the +document by setting the @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS} keyword to that class. + +@node Texinfo title and copyright page +@subsection Texinfo title and copyright page + +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE}, keyword +The default template for hard copy output has a title page with +@samp{TITLE} and @samp{AUTHOR} keywords (see @ref{Export Settings}). To replace the +regular title with something different for the printed version, use +the @samp{TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE} and @samp{SUBTITLE} keywords. Both expect raw +Texinfo code for setting their values. + +@cindex @samp{SUBAUTHOR}, keyword +If one @samp{AUTHOR} line is not sufficient, add multiple @samp{SUBAUTHOR} +keywords. They have to be set in raw Texinfo code. + +@example +#+AUTHOR: Jane Smith +#+SUBAUTHOR: John Doe +#+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE: This Long Title@@@@inlinefmt@{tex,@@*@} Is Broken in @@TeX@{@} +@end example + +@cindex @samp{COPYING}, property +Copying material is defined in a dedicated headline with a non-@code{nil} +@samp{COPYING} property. The back-end inserts the contents within +a @samp{@@copying} command at the beginning of the document. The heading +itself does not appear in the structure of the document. + +Copyright information is printed on the back of the title page. + +@example +* Legalese + :PROPERTIES: + :COPYING: t + :END: + + This is a short example of a complete Texinfo file, version 1.0. + + Copyright \copy 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +@end example + +@node Info directory file +@subsection Info directory file + +@cindex @samp{dir} file, in Texinfo export +@cindex Info directory file, in Texinfo export +@cindex @code{install-info}, in Texinfo export + +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY}, keyword +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE}, keyword +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_DESC}, keyword +The end result of the Texinfo export process is the creation of an +Info file. This Info file's metadata has variables for category, +title, and description: @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY}, @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE}, +and @samp{TEXINFO_DIR_DESC} keywords that establish where in the Info +hierarchy the file fits. + +Here is an example that writes to the Info directory file: + +@example +#+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY: Emacs +#+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE: Org Mode: (org) +#+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC: Outline-based notes management and organizer +@end example + +@node Headings and sectioning structure +@subsection Headings and sectioning structure + +@vindex org-texinfo-classes +@vindex org-texinfo-default-class +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS}, keyword +The Texinfo export back-end uses a pre-defined scheme to convert Org +headlines to equivalent Texinfo structuring commands. A scheme like +this maps top-level headlines to numbered chapters tagged as +@code{@@chapter} and lower-level headlines to unnumbered chapters tagged as +@code{@@unnumbered}. To override such mappings to introduce @code{@@part} or +other Texinfo structuring commands, define a new class in +@code{org-texinfo-classes}. Activate the new class with the +@samp{TEXINFO_CLASS} keyword. When no new class is defined and activated, +the Texinfo export back-end defaults to the +@code{org-texinfo-default-class}. + +If an Org headline's level has no associated Texinfo structuring +command, or is below a certain threshold (see @ref{Export Settings}), then +the Texinfo export back-end makes it into a list item. + +@cindex @samp{APPENDIX}, property +The Texinfo export back-end makes any headline with a non-@code{nil} +@samp{APPENDIX} property into an appendix. This happens independent of the +Org headline level or the @samp{TEXINFO_CLASS} keyword. + +@cindex @samp{ALT_TITLE}, property +@cindex @samp{DESCRIPTION}, property +The Texinfo export back-end creates a menu entry after the Org +headline for each regular sectioning structure. To override this with +a shorter menu entry, use the @samp{ALT_TITLE} property (see @ref{Table of Contents}). Texinfo menu entries also have an option for a longer +@samp{DESCRIPTION} property. Here's an example that uses both to override +the default menu entry: + +@example +* Controlling Screen Display + :PROPERTIES: + :ALT_TITLE: Display + :DESCRIPTION: Controlling Screen Display + :END: +@end example + +@cindex Top node, in Texinfo export +The text before the first headline belongs to the @emph{Top} node, i.e., +the node in which a reader enters an Info manual. As such, it is +expected not to appear in printed output generated from the @samp{.texi} +file. See @ref{The Top Node,,,texinfo,}, for more information. + +@node Indices +@subsection Indices + +@cindex @samp{CINDEX}, keyword +@cindex concept index, in Texinfo export +@cindex @samp{FINDEX}, keyword +@cindex function index, in Texinfo export +@cindex @samp{KINDEX}, keyword +@cindex keystroke index, in Texinfo export +@cindex @samp{PINDEX}, keyword +@cindex program index, in Texinfo export +@cindex @samp{TINDEX}, keyword +@cindex data type index, in Texinfo export +@cindex @samp{VINDEX}, keyword +@cindex variable index, in Texinfo export +The Texinfo export back-end recognizes these indexing keywords if used +in the Org file: @samp{CINDEX}, @samp{FINDEX}, @samp{KINDEX}, @samp{PINDEX}, @samp{TINDEX} and +@samp{VINDEX}. Write their value as verbatim Texinfo code; in particular, +@samp{@{}, @samp{@}} and @samp{@@} characters need to be escaped with @samp{@@} if they do not +belong to a Texinfo command. + +@example +#+CINDEX: Defining indexing entries +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{INDEX}, property +For the back-end to generate an index entry for a headline, set the +@samp{INDEX} property to @samp{cp} or @samp{vr}. These abbreviations come from +Texinfo that stand for concept index and variable index. The Texinfo +manual has abbreviations for all other kinds of indexes. The back-end +exports the headline as an unnumbered chapter or section command, and +then inserts the index after its contents. + +@example +* Concept Index + :PROPERTIES: + :INDEX: cp + :END: +@end example + +@node Quoting Texinfo code +@subsection Quoting Texinfo code + +Use any of the following three methods to insert or escape raw Texinfo +code: + +@cindex @samp{TEXINFO}, keyword +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT texinfo} +@example +Richard @@@@texinfo:@@sc@{@@@@Stallman@@@@texinfo:@}@@@@ commence' GNU. + +#+TEXINFO: @@need800 +This paragraph is preceded by... + +#+BEGIN_EXPORT texinfo + @@auindex Johnson, Mark + @@auindex Lakoff, George +#+END_EXPORT +@end example + +@node Plain lists in Texinfo export +@subsection Plain lists in Texinfo export + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword +@cindex two-column tables, in Texinfo export +@cindex table-type, Texinfo attribute +The Texinfo export back-end by default converts description lists in +the Org file using the default command @samp{@@table}, which results in +a table with two columns. To change this behavior, set @samp{:table-type} +attribute to either @samp{ftable} or @samp{vtable} value. For more information, +see @ref{Two-column Tables,,,texinfo,}. + +@vindex org-texinfo-table-default-markup +@cindex indic, Texinfo attribute +The Texinfo export back-end by default also applies a text highlight +based on the defaults stored in @code{org-texinfo-table-default-markup}. +To override the default highlight command, specify another one with +the @samp{:indic} attribute. + +@cindex multiple items in Texinfo lists +@cindex sep, Texinfo attribute +Org syntax is limited to one entry per list item. Nevertheless, the +Texinfo export back-end can split that entry according to any text +provided through the @samp{:sep} attribute. Each part then becomes a new +entry in the first column of the table. + +The following example illustrates all the attributes above: + +@example +#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :table-type vtable :sep , :indic asis +- foo, bar :: This is the common text for variables foo and bar. +@end example + +@noindent +becomes + +@example +@@vtable @@asis +@@item foo +@@itemx bar +This is the common text for variables foo and bar. +@@end table +@end example + +@cindex lettered lists, in Texinfo export +@cindex enum, Texinfo attribute +Ordered lists are numbered when exported to Texinfo format. Such +numbering obeys any counter (see @ref{Plain Lists}) in the first item of +the list. The @samp{:enum} attribute also let you start the list at +a specific number, or switch to a lettered list, as illustrated here + +@example +#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :enum A +1. Alpha +2. Bravo +3. Charlie +@end example + +@node Tables in Texinfo export +@subsection Tables in Texinfo export + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword +When exporting tables, the Texinfo export back-end uses the widest +cell width in each column. To override this and instead specify as +fractions of line length, use the @samp{:columns} attribute. See example +below. + +@example +#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :columns .5 .5 +| a cell | another cell | +@end example + +@node Images in Texinfo export +@subsection Images in Texinfo export + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword +Insert a file link to the image in the Org file, and the Texinfo +export back-end inserts the image. These links must have the usual +supported image extensions and no descriptions. To scale the image, +use @samp{:width} and @samp{:height} attributes. For alternate text, use @samp{:alt} +and specify the text using Texinfo code, as shown in the example: + +@example +#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :width 1in :alt Alternate @@i@{text@} +[[ridt.pdf]] +@end example + +@node Quotations in Texinfo export +@subsection Quotations in Texinfo export + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword +You can write the text of a quotation within a quote block (see +@ref{Paragraphs}). You may also emphasize some text at the beginning of +the quotation with the @samp{:tag} attribute. + +@example +#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :tag Warning +#+BEGIN_QUOTE +Striking your thumb with a hammer may cause severe pain and discomfort. +#+END_QUOTE +@end example + +To specify the author of the quotation, use the @samp{:author} attribute. + +@example +#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :author King Arthur +#+BEGIN_QUOTE +The Lady of the Lake, her arm clad in the purest shimmering samite, +held aloft Excalibur from the bosom of the water, signifying by divine +providence that I, Arthur, was to carry Excalibur. That is why I am +your king. +#+END_QUOTE +@end example + +@node Special blocks in Texinfo export +@subsection Special blocks in Texinfo export + +@cindex @samp{ATTR_TEXINFO}, keyword + +The Texinfo export back-end converts special blocks to commands with +the same name. It also adds any @samp{:options} attributes to the end of +the command, as shown in this example: + +@example +#+ATTR_TEXINFO: :options org-org-export-to-org ... +#+BEGIN_defun + A somewhat obsessive function name. +#+END_defun +@end example + +@noindent +becomes + +@example +@@defun org-org-export-to-org ... + A somewhat obsessive function name. +@@end defun +@end example + +@node A Texinfo example +@subsection A Texinfo example + +Here is a more detailed example Org file. See +@ref{GNU Sample Texts,,,texinfo,} for an equivalent example using +Texinfo code. + +@example +#+TITLE: GNU Sample @{@{@{version@}@}@} +#+SUBTITLE: for version @{@{@{version@}@}@}, @{@{@{updated@}@}@} +#+AUTHOR: A.U. Thor +#+EMAIL: bug-sample@@gnu.org + +#+OPTIONS: ':t toc:t author:t email:t +#+LANGUAGE: en + +#+MACRO: version 2.0 +#+MACRO: updated last updated 4 March 2014 + +#+TEXINFO_FILENAME: sample.info +#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @@syncodeindex pg cp + +#+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY: Texinfo documentation system +#+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE: sample: (sample) +#+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC: Invoking sample + +#+TEXINFO_PRINTED_TITLE: GNU Sample + +This manual is for GNU Sample (version @{@{@{version@}@}@}, +@{@{@{updated@}@}@}). + +* Copying + :PROPERTIES: + :COPYING: t + :END: + + This manual is for GNU Sample (version @{@{@{version@}@}@}, + @{@{@{updated@}@}@}), which is an example in the Texinfo documentation. + + Copyright \copy 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + #+BEGIN_QUOTE + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, + and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in + the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". + #+END_QUOTE + +* Invoking sample + + #+PINDEX: sample + #+CINDEX: invoking @@command@{sample@} + + This is a sample manual. There is no sample program to invoke, but + if there were, you could see its basic usage and command line + options here. + +* GNU Free Documentation License + :PROPERTIES: + :APPENDIX: t + :END: + + #+INCLUDE: fdl.org + +* Index + :PROPERTIES: + :INDEX: cp + :END: +@end example + +@node iCalendar Export +@section iCalendar Export + +@cindex iCalendar export + +A large part of Org mode's interoperability success is its ability to +easily export to or import from external applications. The iCalendar +export back-end takes calendar data from Org files and exports to the +standard iCalendar format. + +@vindex org-icalendar-include-todo +@vindex org-icalendar-use-deadline +@vindex org-icalendar-use-scheduled +The iCalendar export back-end can also incorporate TODO entries based +on the configuration of the @code{org-icalendar-include-todo} variable. +The back-end exports plain timestamps as @samp{VEVENT}, TODO items as +@samp{VTODO}, and also create events from deadlines that are in non-TODO +items. The back-end uses the deadlines and scheduling dates in Org +TODO items for setting the start and due dates for the iCalendar TODO +entry. Consult the @code{org-icalendar-use-deadline} and +@code{org-icalendar-use-scheduled} variables for more details. + +@vindex org-icalendar-categories +@vindex org-icalendar-alarm-time +For tags on the headline, the iCalendar export back-end makes them +into iCalendar categories. To tweak the inheritance of tags and TODO +states, configure the variable @code{org-icalendar-categories}. To assign +clock alarms based on time, configure the @code{org-icalendar-alarm-time} +variable. + +@vindex org-icalendar-store-UID +@cindex @samp{ID}, property +The iCalendar format standard requires globally unique identifier---or +UID---for each entry. The iCalendar export back-end creates UIDs +during export. To save a copy of the UID in the Org file set the +variable @code{org-icalendar-store-UID}. The back-end looks for the @samp{ID} +property of the entry for re-using the same UID for subsequent +exports. + +Since a single Org entry can result in multiple iCalendar +entries---timestamp, deadline, scheduled item, or TODO item---Org adds +prefixes to the UID, depending on which part of the Org entry +triggered the creation of the iCalendar entry. Prefixing ensures UIDs +remains unique, yet enable synchronization programs trace the +connections. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e c f} (@code{org-icalendar-export-to-ics}) +@kindex C-c C-e c f +@findex org-icalendar-export-to-ics +Create iCalendar entries from the current Org buffer and store them +in the same directory, using a file extension @samp{.ics}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e c a} (@code{org-icalendar-export-agenda-files}) +@kindex C-c C-e c a +@findex org-icalendar-export-agenda-files +Create iCalendar entries from Org files in @code{org-agenda-files} and +store in a separate iCalendar file for each Org file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e c c} (@code{org-icalendar-combine-agenda-files}) +@kindex C-c C-e c c +@findex org-icalendar-combine-agenda-files +@vindex org-icalendar-combined-agenda-file +Create a combined iCalendar file from Org files in +@code{org-agenda-files} and write it to +@code{org-icalendar-combined-agenda-file} file name. +@end table + +@cindex @samp{SUMMARY}, property +@cindex @samp{DESCRIPTION}, property +@cindex @samp{LOCATION}, property +@cindex @samp{TIMEZONE}, property +@cindex @samp{CLASS}, property +The iCalendar export back-end includes @samp{SUMMARY}, @samp{DESCRIPTION}, +@samp{LOCATION}, @samp{TIMEZONE} and @samp{CLASS} properties from the Org entries +when exporting. To force the back-end to inherit the @samp{LOCATION}, +@samp{TIMEZONE} and @samp{CLASS} properties, configure the +@code{org-use-property-inheritance} variable. + +@vindex org-icalendar-include-body +When Org entries do not have @samp{SUMMARY}, @samp{DESCRIPTION}, @samp{LOCATION} and +@samp{CLASS} properties, the iCalendar export back-end derives the summary +from the headline, and derives the description from the body of the +Org item. The @code{org-icalendar-include-body} variable limits the +maximum number of characters of the content are turned into its +description. + +The @samp{TIMEZONE} property can be used to specify a per-entry time zone, +and is applied to any entry with timestamp information. Time zones +should be specified as per the IANA time zone database format, e.g., +@samp{Asia/Almaty}. Alternately, the property value can be @samp{UTC}, to force +UTC time for this entry only. + +The @samp{CLASS} property can be used to specify a per-entry visibility +class or access restrictions, and is applied to any entry with class +information. The iCalendar standard defines three visibility classes: +@table @asis +@item @samp{PUBLIC} +The entry is publicly visible (this is the default). +@item @samp{CONFIDENTIAL} +Only a limited group of clients get access to the +event. +@item @samp{PRIVATE} +The entry can be retrieved only by its owner. +@end table +The server should treat unknown class properties the same as +@samp{PRIVATE}. + +Exporting to iCalendar format depends in large part on the +capabilities of the destination application. Some are more lenient +than others. Consult the Org mode FAQ for advice on specific +applications. + +@node Other Built-in Back-ends +@section Other Built-in Back-ends + +Other export back-ends included with Org are: + +@itemize +@item +@samp{ox-man.el}: Export to a man page. +@end itemize + +To activate such back-ends, either customize @code{org-export-backends} or +load directly with @samp{(require 'ox-man)}. On successful load, the +back-end adds new keys in the export dispatcher (see @ref{The Export Dispatcher}). + +Follow the comment section of such files, for example, @samp{ox-man.el}, +for usage and configuration details. + +@node Advanced Export Configuration +@section Advanced Export Configuration + + + +@anchor{Export hooks} +@subheading Export hooks + +@vindex org-export-before-processing-hook +@vindex org-export-before-parsing-hook +The export process executes two hooks before the actual exporting +begins. The first hook, @code{org-export-before-processing-hook}, runs +before any expansions of macros, Babel code, and include keywords in +the buffer. The second hook, @code{org-export-before-parsing-hook}, runs +before the buffer is parsed. + +Functions added to these hooks are called with a single argument: the +export back-end actually used, as a symbol. You may use them for +heavy duty structural modifications of the document. For example, you +can remove every headline in the buffer during export like this: + +@lisp +(defun my-headline-removal (backend) + "Remove all headlines in the current buffer. +BACKEND is the export back-end being used, as a symbol." + (org-map-entries + (lambda () (delete-region (point) (line-beginning-position 2))))) + +(add-hook 'org-export-before-parsing-hook #'my-headline-removal) +@end lisp + +@anchor{Filters} +@subheading Filters + +@cindex Filters, exporting +Filters are lists of functions to be applied to certain parts for +a given back-end. The output from the first function in the filter is +passed on to the next function in the filter. The final output is the +output from the final function in the filter. + +The Org export process has many filter sets applicable to different +types of objects, plain text, parse trees, export options, and final +output formats. The filters are named after the element type or +object type: @code{org-export-filter-TYPE-functions}, where @var{TYPE} +is the type targeted by the filter. Valid types are: + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.33 0.33 0.33 +@item body +@tab bold +@tab babel-call +@item center-block +@tab clock +@tab code +@item diary-sexp +@tab drawer +@tab dynamic-block +@item entity +@tab example-block +@tab export-block +@item export-snippet +@tab final-output +@tab fixed-width +@item footnote-definition +@tab footnote-reference +@tab headline +@item horizontal-rule +@tab inline-babel-call +@tab inline-src-block +@item inlinetask +@tab italic +@tab item +@item keyword +@tab latex-environment +@tab latex-fragment +@item line-break +@tab link +@tab node-property +@item options +@tab paragraph +@tab parse-tree +@item plain-list +@tab plain-text +@tab planning +@item property-drawer +@tab quote-block +@tab radio-target +@item section +@tab special-block +@tab src-block +@item statistics-cookie +@tab strike-through +@tab subscript +@item superscript +@tab table +@tab table-cell +@item table-row +@tab target +@tab timestamp +@item underline +@tab verbatim +@tab verse-block +@end multitable + +Here is an example filter that replaces non-breaking spaces @code{ } in the +Org buffer with @samp{~} for the @LaTeX{} back-end. + +@lisp +(defun my-latex-filter-nobreaks (text backend info) + "Ensure \" \" are properly handled in LaTeX export." + (when (org-export-derived-backend-p backend 'latex) + (replace-regexp-in-string " " "~" text))) + +(add-to-list 'org-export-filter-plain-text-functions + 'my-latex-filter-nobreaks) +@end lisp + +A filter requires three arguments: the code to be transformed, the +name of the back-end, and some optional information about the export +process. The third argument can be safely ignored. Note the use of +@code{org-export-derived-backend-p} predicate that tests for @emph{latex} +back-end or any other back-end, such as @emph{beamer}, derived from +@emph{latex}. + +@anchor{Defining filters for individual files} +@subheading Defining filters for individual files + +The Org export can filter not just for back-ends, but also for +specific files through the @samp{BIND} keyword. Here is an example with +two filters; one removes brackets from time stamps, and the other +removes strike-through text. The filter functions are defined in +a code block in the same Org file, which is a handy location for +debugging. + +@example +#+BIND: org-export-filter-timestamp-functions (tmp-f-timestamp) +#+BIND: org-export-filter-strike-through-functions (tmp-f-strike-through) +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports results :results none + (defun tmp-f-timestamp (s backend info) + (replace-regexp-in-string "&[lg]t;\\|[][]" "" s)) + (defun tmp-f-strike-through (s backend info) "") +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@anchor{Extending an existing back-end} +@subheading Extending an existing back-end + +Some parts of the conversion process can be extended for certain +elements so as to introduce a new or revised translation. That is how +the HTML export back-end was extended to handle Markdown format. The +extensions work seamlessly so any aspect of filtering not done by the +extended back-end is handled by the original back-end. Of all the +export customization in Org, extending is very powerful as it operates +at the parser level. + +For this example, make the @emph{ascii} back-end display the language used +in a source code block. Also make it display only when some attribute +is non-@code{nil}, like the following: + +@example +#+ATTR_ASCII: :language t +@end example + + +Then extend ASCII back-end with a custom ``my-ascii'' back-end. + +@lisp +(defun my-ascii-src-block (src-block contents info) + "Transcode a SRC-BLOCK element from Org to ASCII. +CONTENTS is nil. INFO is a plist used as a communication +channel." + (if (not (org-export-read-attribute :attr_ascii src-block :language)) + (org-export-with-backend 'ascii src-block contents info) + (concat + (format ",--[ %s ]--\n%s`----" + (org-element-property :language src-block) + (replace-regexp-in-string + "^" "| " + (org-element-normalize-string + (org-export-format-code-default src-block info))))))) + +(org-export-define-derived-backend 'my-ascii 'ascii + :translate-alist '((src-block . my-ascii-src-block))) +@end lisp + +The @code{my-ascii-src-block} function looks at the attribute above the +current element. If not true, hands over to @emph{ascii} back-end. If +true, which it is in this example, it creates a box around the code +and leaves room for the inserting a string for language. The last +form creates the new back-end that springs to action only when +translating @code{src-block} type elements. + +To use the newly defined back-end, evaluate the following from an Org +buffer: + +@lisp +(org-export-to-buffer 'my-ascii "*Org MY-ASCII Export*") +@end lisp + +Further steps to consider would be an interactive function, +self-installing an item in the export dispatcher menu, and other +user-friendly improvements. + +@node Export in Foreign Buffers +@section Export in Foreign Buffers + +The export back-ends in Org often include commands to convert selected +regions. A convenient feature of this in-place conversion is that the +exported output replaces the original source. Here are such +functions: + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-ascii-convert-region-to-ascii} +@findex org-ascii-convert-region-to-ascii +Convert the selected region into ASCII@. + +@item @code{org-ascii-convert-region-to-utf8} +@findex org-ascii-convert-region-to-utf8 +Convert the selected region into UTF-8. + +@item @code{org-html-convert-region-to-html} +@findex org-html-convert-region-to-html +Convert the selected region into HTML@. + +@item @code{org-latex-convert-region-to-latex} +@findex org-latex-convert-region-to-latex +Convert the selected region into @LaTeX{}. + +@item @code{org-texinfo-convert-region-to-texinfo} +@findex org-texinfo-convert-region-to-texinfo +Convert the selected region into Texinfo. + +@item @code{org-md-convert-region-to-md} +@findex org-md-convert-region-to-md +Convert the selected region into Markdown. +@end table + +In-place conversions are particularly handy for quick conversion of +tables and lists in foreign buffers. For example, in an HTML buffer, +write a list in Org syntax, select it, and convert it to HTML with +@kbd{M-x org-html-convert-region-to-html}. + +@menu +* Bare HTML:: Exporting HTML without CSS, Javascript, etc. +@end menu + +@node Bare HTML +@subsection Exporting to minimal HTML + +If you want to output a minimal HTML file, with no CSS, no Javascript, +no preamble or postamble, here are the variable you would need to set: + +@vindex org-html-head +@vindex org-html-head-extra +@vindex org-html-head-include-default-style +@vindex org-html-head-include-scripts +@vindex org-html-preamble +@vindex org-html-postamble +@vindex org-html-use-infojs +@lisp +(setq org-html-head "" + org-html-head-extra "" + org-html-head-include-default-style nil + org-html-head-include-scripts nil + org-html-preamble nil + org-html-postamble nil + org-html-use-infojs nil) +@end lisp + +@node Publishing +@chapter Publishing + +@cindex publishing + +Org includes a publishing management system that allows you to +configure automatic HTML conversion of @emph{projects} composed of +interlinked Org files. You can also configure Org to automatically +upload your exported HTML pages and related attachments, such as +images and source code files, to a web server. + +You can also use Org to convert files into PDF, or even combine HTML +and PDF conversion so that files are available in both formats on the +server. + +Publishing has been contributed to Org by David O'Toole. + +@menu +* Configuration:: Defining projects. +* Uploading Files:: How to get files up on the server. +* Sample Configuration:: Example projects. +* Triggering Publication:: Publication commands. +@end menu + +@node Configuration +@section Configuration + +Publishing needs significant configuration to specify files, +destination and many other properties of a project. + +@menu +* Project alist:: The central configuration variable. +* Sources and destinations:: From here to there. +* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project? +* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing. +* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML/@LaTeX{} export. +* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing? +* Site map:: Generating a list of all pages. +* Generating an index:: An index that reaches across pages. +@end menu + +@node Project alist +@subsection The variable @code{org-publish-project-alist} + +@cindex projects, for publishing + +@vindex org-publish-project-alist +Publishing is configured almost entirely through setting the value of +one variable, called @code{org-publish-project-alist}. Each element of the +list configures one project, and may be in one of the two following +forms: + +@lisp +("project-name" :property value :property value ...) +@end lisp + +@noindent +i.e., a well-formed property list with alternating keys and values, +or: + +@lisp +("project-name" :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...)) +@end lisp + +In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values. +A project defines the set of files that are to be published, as well +as the publishing configuration to use when publishing those files. +When a project takes the second form listed above, the individual +members of the @code{:components} property are taken to be sub-projects, +which group together files requiring different publishing options. +When you publish such a ``meta-project'', all the components are also +published, in the sequence given. + +@node Sources and destinations +@subsection Sources and destinations for files + +@cindex directories, for publishing + +Most properties are optional, but some should always be set. In +particular, Org needs to know where to look for source files, and +where to put published files. + +@table @asis +@item @code{:base-directory} +Directory containing publishing source files. + +@item @code{:publishing-directory} +Directory where output files are published. You can directly +publish to a webserver using a file name syntax appropriate for the +Emacs tramp package. Or you can publish to a local directory and +use external tools to upload your website (see @ref{Uploading Files}). + +@item @code{:preparation-function} +Function or list of functions to be called before starting the +publishing process, for example, to run @samp{make} for updating files to +be published. Each preparation function is called with a single +argument, the project property list. + +@item @code{:completion-function} +Function or list of functions called after finishing the publishing +process, for example, to change permissions of the resulting files. +Each completion function is called with a single argument, the +project property list. +@end table + +@node Selecting files +@subsection Selecting files + +@cindex files, selecting for publishing + +By default, all files with extension @samp{.org} in the base directory are +considered part of the project. This can be modified by setting the +following properties + +@table @asis +@item @code{:base-extension} +Extension---without the dot---of source files. This actually is +a regular expression. Set this to the symbol @code{any} if you want to +get all files in @code{:base-directory}, even without extension. + +@item @code{:exclude} +Regular expression to match file names that should not be published, +even though they have been selected on the basis of their extension. + +@item @code{:include} +List of files to be included regardless of @code{:base-extension} and +@code{:exclude}. + +@item @code{:recursive} +Non-@code{nil} means, check base-directory recursively for files to +publish. +@end table + +@node Publishing action +@subsection Publishing action + +@cindex action, for publishing + +Publishing means that a file is copied to the destination directory +and possibly transformed in the process. The default transformation +is to export Org files as HTML files, and this is done by the function +@code{org-html-publish-to-html} which calls the HTML exporter (see @ref{HTML Export}). But you can also publish your content as PDF files using +@code{org-latex-publish-to-pdf}, or as ASCII, Texinfo, etc., using the +corresponding functions. + +If you want to publish the Org file as an @samp{.org} file but with +@emph{archived}, @emph{commented}, and @emph{tag-excluded} trees removed, use +@code{org-org-publish-to-org}. This produces @samp{file.org} and puts it in the +publishing directory. If you want a htmlized version of this file, +set the parameter @code{:htmlized-source} to @code{t}. It produces +@samp{file.org.html} in the publishing directory@footnote{If the publishing directory is the same as the source +directory, @samp{file.org} is exported as @samp{file.org.org}, so you probably +do not want to do this.}. + +Other files like images only need to be copied to the publishing +destination; for this you can use @code{org-publish-attachment}. For +non-Org files, you always need to specify the publishing function: + +@table @asis +@item @code{:publishing-function} +Function executing the publication of a file. This may also be +a list of functions, which are all called in turn. + +@item @code{:htmlized-source} +Non-@code{nil} means, publish htmlized source. +@end table + +The function must accept three arguments: a property list containing +at least a @code{:publishing-directory} property, the name of the file to +be published, and the path to the publishing directory of the output +file. It should take the specified file, make the necessary +transformation, if any, and place the result into the destination +folder. + +@node Publishing options +@subsection Options for the exporters + +@cindex options, for publishing +@cindex publishing options + +The property list can be used to set many export options for the HTML +and @LaTeX{} exporters. In most cases, these properties correspond to +user variables in Org. The table below lists these properties along +with the variable they belong to. See the documentation string for +the respective variable for details. + +@vindex org-publish-project-alist +When a property is given a value in @code{org-publish-project-alist}, its +setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable, if +any, during publishing. Options set within a file (see @ref{Export Settings}), however, override everything. + +@anchor{Generic properties} +@subsubheading Generic properties + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{:archived-trees} +@tab @code{org-export-with-archived-trees} +@item @code{:exclude-tags} +@tab @code{org-export-exclude-tags} +@item @code{:headline-levels} +@tab @code{org-export-headline-levels} +@item @code{:language} +@tab @code{org-export-default-language} +@item @code{:preserve-breaks} +@tab @code{org-export-preserve-breaks} +@item @code{:section-numbers} +@tab @code{org-export-with-section-numbers} +@item @code{:select-tags} +@tab @code{org-export-select-tags} +@item @code{:with-author} +@tab @code{org-export-with-author} +@item @code{:with-broken-links} +@tab @code{org-export-with-broken-links} +@item @code{:with-clocks} +@tab @code{org-export-with-clocks} +@item @code{:with-creator} +@tab @code{org-export-with-creator} +@item @code{:with-date} +@tab @code{org-export-with-date} +@item @code{:with-drawers} +@tab @code{org-export-with-drawers} +@item @code{:with-email} +@tab @code{org-export-with-email} +@item @code{:with-emphasize} +@tab @code{org-export-with-emphasize} +@item @code{:with-fixed-width} +@tab @code{org-export-with-fixed-width} +@item @code{:with-footnotes} +@tab @code{org-export-with-footnotes} +@item @code{:with-latex} +@tab @code{org-export-with-latex} +@item @code{:with-planning} +@tab @code{org-export-with-planning} +@item @code{:with-priority} +@tab @code{org-export-with-priority} +@item @code{:with-properties} +@tab @code{org-export-with-properties} +@item @code{:with-special-strings} +@tab @code{org-export-with-special-strings} +@item @code{:with-sub-superscript} +@tab @code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts} +@item @code{:with-tables} +@tab @code{org-export-with-tables} +@item @code{:with-tags} +@tab @code{org-export-with-tags} +@item @code{:with-tasks} +@tab @code{org-export-with-tasks} +@item @code{:with-timestamps} +@tab @code{org-export-with-timestamps} +@item @code{:with-title} +@tab @code{org-export-with-title} +@item @code{:with-toc} +@tab @code{org-export-with-toc} +@item @code{:with-todo-keywords} +@tab @code{org-export-with-todo-keywords} +@end multitable + +@anchor{ASCII specific properties} +@subsubheading ASCII specific properties + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{:ascii-bullets} +@tab @code{org-ascii-bullets} +@item @code{:ascii-caption-above} +@tab @code{org-ascii-caption-above} +@item @code{:ascii-charset} +@tab @code{org-ascii-charset} +@item @code{:ascii-global-margin} +@tab @code{org-ascii-global-margin} +@item @code{:ascii-format-drawer-function} +@tab @code{org-ascii-format-drawer-function} +@item @code{:ascii-format-inlinetask-function} +@tab @code{org-ascii-format-inlinetask-function} +@item @code{:ascii-headline-spacing} +@tab @code{org-ascii-headline-spacing} +@item @code{:ascii-indented-line-width} +@tab @code{org-ascii-indented-line-width} +@item @code{:ascii-inlinetask-width} +@tab @code{org-ascii-inlinetask-width} +@item @code{:ascii-inner-margin} +@tab @code{org-ascii-inner-margin} +@item @code{:ascii-links-to-notes} +@tab @code{org-ascii-links-to-notes} +@item @code{:ascii-list-margin} +@tab @code{org-ascii-list-margin} +@item @code{:ascii-paragraph-spacing} +@tab @code{org-ascii-paragraph-spacing} +@item @code{:ascii-quote-margin} +@tab @code{org-ascii-quote-margin} +@item @code{:ascii-table-keep-all-vertical-lines} +@tab @code{org-ascii-table-keep-all-vertical-lines} +@item @code{:ascii-table-use-ascii-art} +@tab @code{org-ascii-table-use-ascii-art} +@item @code{:ascii-table-widen-columns} +@tab @code{org-ascii-table-widen-columns} +@item @code{:ascii-text-width} +@tab @code{org-ascii-text-width} +@item @code{:ascii-underline} +@tab @code{org-ascii-underline} +@item @code{:ascii-verbatim-format} +@tab @code{org-ascii-verbatim-format} +@end multitable + +@anchor{Beamer specific properties} +@subsubheading Beamer specific properties + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{:beamer-theme} +@tab @code{org-beamer-theme} +@item @code{:beamer-column-view-format} +@tab @code{org-beamer-column-view-format} +@item @code{:beamer-environments-extra} +@tab @code{org-beamer-environments-extra} +@item @code{:beamer-frame-default-options} +@tab @code{org-beamer-frame-default-options} +@item @code{:beamer-outline-frame-options} +@tab @code{org-beamer-outline-frame-options} +@item @code{:beamer-outline-frame-title} +@tab @code{org-beamer-outline-frame-title} +@item @code{:beamer-subtitle-format} +@tab @code{org-beamer-subtitle-format} +@end multitable + +@anchor{HTML specific properties} +@subsubheading HTML specific properties + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{:html-allow-name-attribute-in-anchors} +@tab @code{org-html-allow-name-attribute-in-anchors} +@item @code{:html-checkbox-type} +@tab @code{org-html-checkbox-type} +@item @code{:html-container} +@tab @code{org-html-container-element} +@item @code{:html-divs} +@tab @code{org-html-divs} +@item @code{:html-doctype} +@tab @code{org-html-doctype} +@item @code{:html-extension} +@tab @code{org-html-extension} +@item @code{:html-footnote-format} +@tab @code{org-html-footnote-format} +@item @code{:html-footnote-separator} +@tab @code{org-html-footnote-separator} +@item @code{:html-footnotes-section} +@tab @code{org-html-footnotes-section} +@item @code{:html-format-drawer-function} +@tab @code{org-html-format-drawer-function} +@item @code{:html-format-headline-function} +@tab @code{org-html-format-headline-function} +@item @code{:html-format-inlinetask-function} +@tab @code{org-html-format-inlinetask-function} +@item @code{:html-head-extra} +@tab @code{org-html-head-extra} +@item @code{:html-head-include-default-style} +@tab @code{org-html-head-include-default-style} +@item @code{:html-head-include-scripts} +@tab @code{org-html-head-include-scripts} +@item @code{:html-head} +@tab @code{org-html-head} +@item @code{:html-home/up-format} +@tab @code{org-html-home/up-format} +@item @code{:html-html5-fancy} +@tab @code{org-html-html5-fancy} +@item @code{:html-indent} +@tab @code{org-html-indent} +@item @code{:html-infojs-options} +@tab @code{org-html-infojs-options} +@item @code{:html-infojs-template} +@tab @code{org-html-infojs-template} +@item @code{:html-inline-image-rules} +@tab @code{org-html-inline-image-rules} +@item @code{:html-inline-images} +@tab @code{org-html-inline-images} +@item @code{:html-link-home} +@tab @code{org-html-link-home} +@item @code{:html-link-org-files-as-html} +@tab @code{org-html-link-org-files-as-html} +@item @code{:html-link-up} +@tab @code{org-html-link-up} +@item @code{:html-link-use-abs-url} +@tab @code{org-html-link-use-abs-url} +@item @code{:html-mathjax-options} +@tab @code{org-html-mathjax-options} +@item @code{:html-mathjax-template} +@tab @code{org-html-mathjax-template} +@item @code{:html-equation-reference-format} +@tab @code{org-html-equation-reference-format} +@item @code{:html-metadata-timestamp-format} +@tab @code{org-html-metadata-timestamp-format} +@item @code{:html-postamble-format} +@tab @code{org-html-postamble-format} +@item @code{:html-postamble} +@tab @code{org-html-postamble} +@item @code{:html-preamble-format} +@tab @code{org-html-preamble-format} +@item @code{:html-preamble} +@tab @code{org-html-preamble} +@item @code{:html-self-link-headlines} +@tab @code{org-html-self-link-headlines} +@item @code{:html-table-align-individual-field} +@tab @code{de@{org-html-table-align-individual-fields} +@item @code{:html-table-attributes} +@tab @code{org-html-table-default-attributes} +@item @code{:html-table-caption-above} +@tab @code{org-html-table-caption-above} +@item @code{:html-table-data-tags} +@tab @code{org-html-table-data-tags} +@item @code{:html-table-header-tags} +@tab @code{org-html-table-header-tags} +@item @code{:html-table-row-tags} +@tab @code{org-html-table-row-tags} +@item @code{:html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column} +@tab @code{org-html-table-use-header-tags-for-first-column} +@item @code{:html-tag-class-prefix} +@tab @code{org-html-tag-class-prefix} +@item @code{:html-text-markup-alist} +@tab @code{org-html-text-markup-alist} +@item @code{:html-todo-kwd-class-prefix} +@tab @code{org-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix} +@item @code{:html-toplevel-hlevel} +@tab @code{org-html-toplevel-hlevel} +@item @code{:html-use-infojs} +@tab @code{org-html-use-infojs} +@item @code{:html-validation-link} +@tab @code{org-html-validation-link} +@item @code{:html-viewport} +@tab @code{org-html-viewport} +@item @code{:html-wrap-src-lines} +@tab @code{org-html-wrap-src-lines} +@item @code{:html-xml-declaration} +@tab @code{org-html-xml-declaration} +@end multitable + +@anchor{@LaTeX{} specific properties} +@subsubheading @LaTeX{} specific properties + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{:latex-active-timestamp-format} +@tab @code{org-latex-active-timestamp-format} +@item @code{:latex-caption-above} +@tab @code{org-latex-caption-above} +@item @code{:latex-classes} +@tab @code{org-latex-classes} +@item @code{:latex-class} +@tab @code{org-latex-default-class} +@item @code{:latex-compiler} +@tab @code{org-latex-compiler} +@item @code{:latex-default-figure-position} +@tab @code{org-latex-default-figure-position} +@item @code{:latex-default-table-environment} +@tab @code{org-latex-default-table-environment} +@item @code{:latex-default-table-mode} +@tab @code{org-latex-default-table-mode} +@item @code{:latex-diary-timestamp-format} +@tab @code{org-latex-diary-timestamp-format} +@item @code{:latex-footnote-defined-format} +@tab @code{org-latex-footnote-defined-format} +@item @code{:latex-footnote-separator} +@tab @code{org-latex-footnote-separator} +@item @code{:latex-format-drawer-function} +@tab @code{org-latex-format-drawer-function} +@item @code{:latex-format-headline-function} +@tab @code{org-latex-format-headline-function} +@item @code{:latex-format-inlinetask-function} +@tab @code{org-latex-format-inlinetask-function} +@item @code{:latex-hyperref-template} +@tab @code{org-latex-hyperref-template} +@item @code{:latex-image-default-height} +@tab @code{org-latex-image-default-height} +@item @code{:latex-image-default-option} +@tab @code{org-latex-image-default-option} +@item @code{:latex-image-default-width} +@tab @code{org-latex-image-default-width} +@item @code{:latex-images-centered} +@tab @code{org-latex-images-centered} +@item @code{:latex-inactive-timestamp-format} +@tab @code{org-latex-inactive-timestamp-format} +@item @code{:latex-inline-image-rules} +@tab @code{org-latex-inline-image-rules} +@item @code{:latex-link-with-unknown-path-format} +@tab @code{org-latex-link-with-unknown-path-format} +@item @code{:latex-listings-langs} +@tab @code{org-latex-listings-langs} +@item @code{:latex-listings-options} +@tab @code{org-latex-listings-options} +@item @code{:latex-listings} +@tab @code{org-latex-listings} +@item @code{:latex-minted-langs} +@tab @code{org-latex-minted-langs} +@item @code{:latex-minted-options} +@tab @code{org-latex-minted-options} +@item @code{:latex-prefer-user-labels} +@tab @code{org-latex-prefer-user-labels} +@item @code{:latex-subtitle-format} +@tab @code{org-latex-subtitle-format} +@item @code{:latex-subtitle-separate} +@tab @code{org-latex-subtitle-separate} +@item @code{:latex-table-scientific-notation} +@tab @code{org-latex-table-scientific-notation} +@item @code{:latex-tables-booktabs} +@tab @code{org-latex-tables-booktabs} +@item @code{:latex-tables-centered} +@tab @code{org-latex-tables-centered} +@item @code{:latex-text-markup-alist} +@tab @code{org-latex-text-markup-alist} +@item @code{:latex-title-command} +@tab @code{org-latex-title-command} +@item @code{:latex-toc-command} +@tab @code{org-latex-toc-command} +@end multitable + +@anchor{Markdown specific properties} +@subsubheading Markdown specific properties + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{:md-footnote-format} +@tab @code{org-md-footnote-format} +@item @code{:md-footnotes-section} +@tab @code{org-md-footnotes-section} +@item @code{:md-headline-style} +@tab @code{org-md-headline-style} +@end multitable + +@anchor{ODT specific properties} +@subsubheading ODT specific properties + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{:odt-content-template-file} +@tab @code{org-odt-content-template-file} +@item @code{:odt-display-outline-level} +@tab @code{org-odt-display-outline-level} +@item @code{:odt-fontify-srcblocks} +@tab @code{org-odt-fontify-srcblocks} +@item @code{:odt-format-drawer-function} +@tab @code{org-odt-format-drawer-function} +@item @code{:odt-format-headline-function} +@tab @code{org-odt-format-headline-function} +@item @code{:odt-format-inlinetask-function} +@tab @code{org-odt-format-inlinetask-function} +@item @code{:odt-inline-formula-rules} +@tab @code{org-odt-inline-formula-rules} +@item @code{:odt-inline-image-rules} +@tab @code{org-odt-inline-image-rules} +@item @code{:odt-pixels-per-inch} +@tab @code{org-odt-pixels-per-inch} +@item @code{:odt-styles-file} +@tab @code{org-odt-styles-file} +@item @code{:odt-table-styles} +@tab @code{org-odt-table-styles} +@item @code{:odt-use-date-fields} +@tab @code{org-odt-use-date-fields} +@end multitable + +@anchor{Texinfo specific properties} +@subsubheading Texinfo specific properties + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{:texinfo-active-timestamp-format} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-active-timestamp-format} +@item @code{:texinfo-classes} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-classes} +@item @code{:texinfo-class} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-default-class} +@item @code{:texinfo-table-default-markup} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-table-default-markup} +@item @code{:texinfo-diary-timestamp-format} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-diary-timestamp-format} +@item @code{:texinfo-filename} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-filename} +@item @code{:texinfo-format-drawer-function} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-format-drawer-function} +@item @code{:texinfo-format-headline-function} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-format-headline-function} +@item @code{:texinfo-format-inlinetask-function} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-format-inlinetask-function} +@item @code{:texinfo-inactive-timestamp-format} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-inactive-timestamp-format} +@item @code{:texinfo-link-with-unknown-path-format} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-link-with-unknown-path-format} +@item @code{:texinfo-node-description-column} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-node-description-column} +@item @code{:texinfo-table-scientific-notation} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-table-scientific-notation} +@item @code{:texinfo-tables-verbatim} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-tables-verbatim} +@item @code{:texinfo-text-markup-alist} +@tab @code{org-texinfo-text-markup-alist} +@end multitable + +@node Publishing links +@subsection Publishing links + +@cindex links, publishing + +To create a link from one Org file to another, you would use something +like @samp{[[file:foo.org][The foo]]} or simply @samp{[[file:foo.org]]} (see @ref{External Links}). When +published, this link becomes a link to @samp{foo.html}. You can thus +interlink the pages of your ``Org web'' project and the links will work +as expected when you publish them to HTML@. If you also publish the +Org source file and want to link to it, use an @samp{http} link instead of +a @samp{file:} link, because @samp{file} links are converted to link to the +corresponding @samp{.html} file. + +You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are +careful with relative file names, and provided you have also +configured Org to upload the related files, these links will work too. +See @ref{Complex example}, for an example of this +usage. + +Eventually, links between published documents can contain some search +options (see @ref{Search Options}), which will be resolved to +the appropriate location in the linked file. For example, once +published to HTML, the following links all point to a dedicated anchor +in @samp{foo.html}. + +@example +[[file:foo.org::*heading]] +[[file:foo.org::#custom-id]] +[[file:foo.org::target]] +@end example + +@node Site map +@subsection Generating a sitemap + +@cindex sitemap, of published pages + +The following properties may be used to control publishing of +a map of files for a given project. + +@table @asis +@item @code{:auto-sitemap} +When non-@code{nil}, publish a sitemap during +@code{org-publish-current-project} or @code{org-publish-all}. + +@item @code{:sitemap-filename} +Filename for output of sitemap. Defaults to @samp{sitemap.org}, which +becomes @samp{sitemap.html}. + +@item @code{:sitemap-title} +Title of sitemap page. Defaults to name of file. + +@item @code{:sitemap-format-entry} +@findex org-publish-find-date +@findex org-publish-find-property +@findex org-publish-find-title +With this option one can tell how a site-map entry is formatted in +the site-map. It is a function called with three arguments: the +file or directory name relative to base directory of the project, +the site-map style and the current project. It is expected to +return a string. Default value turns file names into links and use +document titles as descriptions. For specific formatting needs, one +can use @code{org-publish-find-date}, @code{org-publish-find-title} and +@code{org-publish-find-property}, to retrieve additional information +about published documents. + +@item @code{:sitemap-function} +Plug-in function to use for generation of the sitemap. It is called +with two arguments: the title of the site-map and a representation +of the files and directories involved in the project as a nested +list, which can further be transformed using @code{org-list-to-generic}, +@code{org-list-to-subtree} and alike. Default value generates a plain +list of links to all files in the project. + +@item @code{:sitemap-sort-folders} +Where folders should appear in the sitemap. Set this to @code{first} +(default) or @code{last} to display folders first or last, respectively. +When set to @code{ignore}, folders are ignored altogether. Any other +value mixes files and folders. This variable has no effect when +site-map style is @code{tree}. + +@item @code{:sitemap-sort-files} +How the files are sorted in the site map. Set this to +@code{alphabetically} (default), @code{chronologically} or +@code{anti-chronologically}. @code{chronologically} sorts the files with +older date first while @code{anti-chronologically} sorts the files with +newer date first. @code{alphabetically} sorts the files alphabetically. +The date of a file is retrieved with @code{org-publish-find-date}. + +@item @code{:sitemap-ignore-case} +Should sorting be case-sensitive? Default @code{nil}. + +@item @code{:sitemap-file-entry-format} +With this option one can tell how a sitemap's entry is formatted in +the sitemap. This is a format string with some escape sequences: +@code{%t} stands for the title of the file, @code{%a} stands for the author of +the file and @code{%d} stands for the date of the file. The date is +retrieved with the @code{org-publish-find-date} function and formatted +with @code{org-publish-sitemap-date-format}. Default @code{%t}. + +@item @code{:sitemap-date-format} +Format string for the @code{format-time-string} function that tells how +a sitemap entry's date is to be formatted. This property bypasses +@code{org-publish-sitemap-date-format} which defaults to @code{%Y-%m-%d}. +@end table + +@node Generating an index +@subsection Generating an index + +@cindex index, in a publishing project + +Org mode can generate an index across the files of a publishing project. + +@table @asis +@item @code{:makeindex} +When non-@code{nil}, generate in index in the file @samp{theindex.org} and +publish it as @samp{theindex.html}. +@end table + +The file is created when first publishing a project with the +@code{:makeindex} set. The file only contains a statement @samp{#+INCLUDE: +"theindex.inc"}. You can then build around this include statement by +adding a title, style information, etc. + +@cindex @samp{INDEX}, keyword +Index entries are specified with @samp{INDEX} keyword. An entry that +contains an exclamation mark creates a sub item. + +@example +*** Curriculum Vitae +#+INDEX: CV +#+INDEX: Application!CV +@end example + +@node Uploading Files +@section Uploading Files + +@cindex rsync +@cindex unison + +For those people already utilizing third party sync tools such as +Rsync or Unison, it might be preferable not to use the built-in remote +publishing facilities of Org mode which rely heavily on Tramp. Tramp, +while very useful and powerful, tends not to be so efficient for +multiple file transfer and has been known to cause problems under +heavy usage. + +Specialized synchronization utilities offer several advantages. In +addition to timestamp comparison, they also do content and +permissions/attribute checks. For this reason you might prefer to +publish your web to a local directory---possibly even @emph{in place} with +your Org files---and then use Unison or Rsync to do the +synchronization with the remote host. + +Since Unison, for example, can be configured as to which files to +transfer to a certain remote destination, it can greatly simplify the +project publishing definition. Simply keep all files in the correct +location, process your Org files with @code{org-publish} and let the +synchronization tool do the rest. You do not need, in this scenario, +to include attachments such as JPG, CSS or PNG files in the project +definition since the third-party tool syncs them. + +Publishing to a local directory is also much faster than to a remote +one, so that you can afford more easily to republish entire projects. +If you set @code{org-publish-use-timestamps-flag} to @code{nil}, you gain the +main benefit of re-including any changed external files such as source +example files you might include with @samp{INCLUDE} keyword. The timestamp +mechanism in Org is not smart enough to detect if included files have +been modified. + +@node Sample Configuration +@section Sample Configuration + +Below we provide two example configurations. The first one is +a simple project publishing only a set of Org files. The second +example is more complex, with a multi-component project. + +@menu +* Simple example:: One-component publishing. +* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example. +@end menu + +@node Simple example +@subsection Example: simple publishing configuration + +This example publishes a set of Org files to the @samp{public_html} +directory on the local machine. + +@lisp +(setq org-publish-project-alist + '(("org" + :base-directory "~/org/" + :publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html + :publishing-directory "~/public_html" + :section-numbers nil + :with-toc nil + :html-head ""))) +@end lisp + +@node Complex example +@subsection Example: complex publishing configuration + +This more complicated example publishes an entire website, including +Org files converted to HTML, image files, Emacs Lisp source code, and +style sheets. The publishing directory is remote and private files +are excluded. + +To ensure that links are preserved, care should be taken to replicate +your directory structure on the web server, and to use relative file +paths. For example, if your Org files are kept in @samp{~/org/} and your +publishable images in @samp{~/images/}, you would link to an image with + +@example +file:../images/myimage.png +@end example + + +On the web server, the relative path to the image should be the same. +You can accomplish this by setting up an @samp{images/} folder in the right +place on the web server, and publishing images to it. + +@lisp +(setq org-publish-project-alist + '(("orgfiles" + :base-directory "~/org/" + :base-extension "org" + :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/notebook/" + :publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html + :exclude "PrivatePage.org" ;; regexp + :headline-levels 3 + :section-numbers nil + :with-toc nil + :html-head "" + :html-preamble t) + + ("images" + :base-directory "~/images/" + :base-extension "jpg\\|gif\\|png" + :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/images/" + :publishing-function org-publish-attachment) + + ("other" + :base-directory "~/other/" + :base-extension "css\\|el" + :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/other/" + :publishing-function org-publish-attachment) + ("website" :components ("orgfiles" "images" "other")))) +@end lisp + +@node Triggering Publication +@section Triggering Publication + +Once properly configured, Org can publish with the following commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e P x} (@code{org-publish}) +@kindex C-c C-e P x +@findex org-publish +Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to +it. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e P p} (@code{org-publish-current-project}) +@kindex C-c C-e P p +@findex org-publish-current-project +Publish the project containing the current file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e P f} (@code{org-publish-current-file}) +@kindex C-c C-e P f +@findex org-publish-current-file +Publish only the current file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e P a} (@code{org-publish-all}) +@kindex C-c C-e P a +@findex org-publish-all +Publish every project. +@end table + +@vindex org-publish-use-timestamps-flag +Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above +functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this +and force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument to any +of the commands above, or by customizing the variable +@code{org-publish-use-timestamps-flag}. This may be necessary in +particular if files include other files via @samp{SETUPFILE} or @samp{INCLUDE} +keywords. + +@node Citation handling +@chapter Citation handling + +@cindex citation + +The @samp{oc.el} library provides tooling to handle citations in Org via +``citation processors'' that offer some or all of the following +capabilities: + +@table @asis +@item activate +Fontification, tooltip preview, etc. +@item follow +At-point actions on citations via @code{org-open-at-point}. +@item insert +Add and edit citations via @code{org-cite-insert}. +@item export +Via different libraries for different target formats. +@end table + +The user can configure these with @code{org-cite-activate-processor}, +@code{org-cite-follow-processor}, @code{org-cite-insert-processor}, and +@code{org-cite-export-processors} respectively. + +The included ``basic'' processor provides all four capabilities. + +@menu +* Citations:: +* Citation export processors:: +@end menu + +@node Citations +@section Citations + +Before adding citations, first set one-or-more bibliographies, either +globally with @code{org-cite-global-bibliography}, or locally using one or +more ``bibliography'' keywords. + +@example +#+bibliography: SomeFile.bib +#+bibliography: /some/other/file.json +#+bibliography: "/some/file/with spaces/in its name.bib" +@end example + +@kindex C-c C-x @@ +@findex org-cite-insert +One can then insert and edit citations using @code{org-cite-insert}, called +with @kbd{C-c C-x @@}. + +A @emph{citation} requires one or more citation @emph{key(s)}, elements +identifying a reference in the bibliography. + +@itemize +@item +Each citation is surrounded by brackets and uses the @samp{cite} type. + +@item +Each key starts with the character @samp{@@}. + +@item +Each key can be qualified by a @emph{prefix} (e.g.@tie{}``see '') and/or +a @emph{suffix} (e.g.@tie{}``p.@tie{}123''), giving information useful or necessary +fo the comprehension of the citation but not included in the +reference. + +@item +A single citation can cite more than one reference ; the keys are +separated by semicolons ; the formatting of such citation groups is +specified by the style. + +@item +One can also specify a stylistic variation for the citations by +inserting a @samp{/} and a style name between the @samp{cite} keyword and the +colon; this usually makes sense only for the author-year styles. +@end itemize + +@example +[cite/style:common prefix ;prefix @@key suffix; ... ; common suffix] +@end example + + +The only mandatory elements are: + +@itemize +@item +The @samp{cite} keyword and the colon. +@item +The @samp{@@} character immediately preceding each key. +@item +The brackets surrounding the citation(s) (group). +@end itemize + +@node Citation export processors +@section Citation export processors + +Org currently includes the following export processors: + +@itemize +@item +Two processors can export to a variety of formats, including @samp{latex} +(and therefore @samp{pdf}), @samp{html}, @samp{odt} and plain (UTF8) text: + +@table @asis +@item basic +a basic export processor, well adapted to situations +where backward compatibility is not a requirement and formatting +needs are minimal; + +@item csl +this export processor uses format files written in @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_Style_Language, Citation +Style Language} via @uref{https://github.com/andras-simonyi/citeproc-el, citeproc-el}; +@end table + +@item +In contrast, two other processors target @LaTeX{} and @LaTeX{}-derived +formats exclusively: + +@table @asis +@item natbib +this export processor uses Bib@TeX{}, the historical +bibliographic processor used with @LaTeX{}, thus allowing the use of +data and style files compatible with this processor (including +a large number of publishers' styles). It uses citation commands +implemented in the @LaTeX{} package @samp{natbib}, allowing more stylistic +variants that @LaTeX{}'s @samp{\cite} command. + +@item biblatex +this backend allows the use of data and formats +prepared for Bib@LaTeX{}, an alternate bibliographic processor used +with @LaTeX{}, which overcomes some serious Bib@TeX{} limitations, but +has not (yet?)@tie{}been widely adopted by publishers. +@end table +@end itemize + +The @samp{CITE_EXPORT} keyword specifies the export processor and the +citation (and possibly reference) style(s); for example (all arguments +are optional) + +@example +#+cite_export: basic author author-year +@end example + + +@noindent +specifies the ``basic'' export processor with citations inserted as +author's name and references indexed by author's names and year; + +@example +#+cite_export: csl /some/path/to/vancouver-brackets.csl +@end example + + +@noindent +specifies the ``csl'' processor and CSL style, which in this case +defines numeric citations and numeric references according to the +@samp{Vancouver} specification (as style used in many medical journals), +following a typesetting variation putting citations between brackets; + +@example +#+cite_export: natbib kluwer +@end example + + +@noindent +specifies the @samp{natbib} export processor with a label citation style +conformant to the Harvard style and the specification of the +Wolkers-Kluwer publisher; since it relies on the @code{bibtex} processor of +your @LaTeX{} installation, it won't export to anything but PDF@. + +@node Working with Source Code +@chapter Working with Source Code + +@cindex source code, working with + +Source code here refers to any plain text collection of computer +instructions, possibly with comments, written using a human-readable +programming language. Org can manage source code in an Org document +when the source code is identified with begin and end markers. +Working with source code begins with identifying source code blocks. +A source code block can be placed almost anywhere in an Org document; +it is not restricted to the preamble or the end of the document. +However, Org cannot manage a source code block if it is placed inside +an Org comment or within a fixed width section. + +Here is an example source code block in the Emacs Lisp language: + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (defun org-xor (a b) + "Exclusive or." + (if a (not b) b)) +#+END_SRC +@end example + +Source code blocks are one of many Org block types, which also include +``center'', ``comment'', ``dynamic'', ``example'', ``export'', ``quote'', +``special'', and ``verse''. This section pertains to blocks between +@samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} and @samp{#+END_SRC}. + +Details of Org's facilities for working with source code are described +in the following sections. + +@menu +* Features Overview:: Enjoy the versatility of source blocks. +* Structure of Code Blocks:: Code block syntax described. +* Using Header Arguments:: Different ways to set header arguments. +* Environment of a Code Block:: Arguments, sessions, working directory... +* Evaluating Code Blocks:: Place results of evaluation in the Org buffer. +* Results of Evaluation:: Choosing a results type, post-processing... +* Exporting Code Blocks:: Export contents and/or results. +* Extracting Source Code:: Create pure source code files. +* Languages:: List of supported code block languages. +* Editing Source Code:: Language major-mode editing. +* Noweb Reference Syntax:: Literate programming in Org mode. +* Library of Babel:: Use and contribute to a library of useful code blocks. +* Key bindings and Useful Functions:: Work quickly with code blocks. +* Batch Execution:: Call functions from the command line. +@end menu + +@node Features Overview +@section Features Overview + +Org can manage the source code in the block delimited by @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} +@dots{} @samp{#+END_SRC} in several ways that can simplify housekeeping tasks +essential to modern source code maintenance. Org can edit, format, +extract, export, and publish source code blocks. Org can also compile +and execute a source code block, then capture the results. The Org +mode literature sometimes refers to source code blocks as @emph{live code} +blocks because they can alter the content of the Org document or the +material that it exports. Users can control the ``liveliness'' of each +source code block by tweaking the header arguments (see @ref{Using Header Arguments}) for compiling, execution, extraction, and exporting. + +For editing and formatting a source code block, Org uses an +appropriate Emacs major mode that includes features specifically +designed for source code in that language. + +Org can extract one or more source code blocks and write them to one +or more source files---a process known as @emph{tangling} in literate +programming terminology. + +For exporting and publishing, Org's back-ends can format a source code +block appropriately, often with native syntax highlighting. + +For executing and compiling a source code block, the user can +configure Org to select the appropriate compiler. Org provides +facilities to collect the result of the execution or compiler output, +insert it into the Org document, and/or export it. In addition to +text results, Org can insert links to other data types, including +audio, video, and graphics. Org can also link a compiler error +message to the appropriate line in the source code block. + +An important feature of Org's management of source code blocks is the +ability to pass variables, functions, and results to one another using +a common syntax for source code blocks in any language. Although most +literate programming facilities are restricted to one language or +another, Org's language-agnostic approach lets the literate programmer +match each programming task with the appropriate computer language and +to mix them all together in a single Org document. This +interoperability among languages explains why Org's source code +management facility was named @emph{Org Babel} by its originators, Eric +Schulte and Dan Davison. + +Org mode fulfills the promise of easy verification and maintenance of +publishing reproducible research by keeping text, data, code, +configuration settings of the execution environment, the results of +the execution, and associated narratives, claims, references, and +internal and external links in a single Org document. + +@node Structure of Code Blocks +@section Structure of Code Blocks + +@cindex code block, structure +@cindex source code, block structure +@cindex @samp{NAME} keyword, in source blocks +@cindex @samp{BEGIN_SRC} + +Org offers two ways to structure source code in Org documents: in +a source code block, and directly inline. Both specifications are +shown below. + +A source code block conforms to this structure: + +@example +#+NAME: +#+BEGIN_SRC
+ +#+END_SRC +@end example + +Do not be put-off by having to remember the source block syntax. Org +mode offers a command for wrapping existing text in a block (see +@ref{Structure Templates}). Org also works with other completion systems +in Emacs, some of which predate Org and have custom domain-specific +languages for defining templates. Regular use of templates reduces +errors, increases accuracy, and maintains consistency. + +@cindex source code, inline +An inline code block conforms to this structure: + +@example +src_@{@} +@end example + + +@noindent +or + +@example +src_[
]@{@} +@end example + + +@table @asis +@item @samp{#+NAME: } +Optional. Names the source block so it can be called, like +a function, from other source blocks or inline code to evaluate or +to capture the results. Code from other blocks, other files, and +from table formulas (see @ref{The Spreadsheet}) can use the name to +reference a source block. This naming serves the same purpose as +naming Org tables. Org mode requires unique names. For duplicate +names, Org mode's behavior is undefined. + +@item @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} @dots{} @samp{#+END_SRC} +Mandatory. They mark the start and end of a block that Org +requires. The @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} line takes additional arguments, as +described next. + +@item @samp{} +@cindex language, in code blocks +Mandatory. It is the identifier of the source code language in the +block. See @ref{Languages}, for identifiers of supported languages. + +@item @samp{} +@cindex switches, in code blocks +Optional. Switches provide finer control of the code execution, +export, and format (see the discussion of switches in @ref{Literal Examples}). + +@item @samp{
} +@cindex header arguments, in code blocks +Optional. Heading arguments control many aspects of evaluation, +export and tangling of code blocks (see @ref{Using Header Arguments}). +Using Org's properties feature, header arguments can be selectively +applied to the entire buffer or specific sub-trees of the Org +document. + +@item @samp{} +Source code in the dialect of the specified language identifier. +@end table + +@node Using Header Arguments +@section Using Header Arguments + +Org comes with many header arguments common to all languages. New +header arguments are added for specific languages as they become +available for use in source code blocks. A header argument is +specified with an initial colon followed by the argument's name in +lowercase. + +Since header arguments can be set in several ways, Org prioritizes +them in case of overlaps or conflicts by giving local settings +a higher priority. Header values in function calls, for example, +override header values from global defaults. + +@anchor{System-wide header arguments} +@subheading System-wide header arguments + +@vindex org-babel-default-header-args + +@vindex org-babel-default-header-args +System-wide values of header arguments can be specified by customizing +the @code{org-babel-default-header-args} variable, which defaults to the +following values: + +@example +:session => "none" +:results => "replace" +:exports => "code" +:cache => "no" +:noweb => "no" +@end example + +The example below sets @samp{:noweb} header arguments to @samp{yes}, which makes +Org expand @samp{:noweb} references by default. + +@lisp +(setq org-babel-default-header-args + (cons '(:noweb . "yes") + (assq-delete-all :noweb org-babel-default-header-args))) +@end lisp + +@cindex language specific default header arguments +@cindex default header arguments per language +Each language can have separate default header arguments by +customizing the variable @code{org-babel-default-header-args:}, where +@var{} is the name of the language. For details, see the +language-specific online documentation at +@uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/}. + +@anchor{Header arguments in Org mode properties} +@subheading Header arguments in Org mode properties + +For header arguments applicable to the buffer, use @samp{PROPERTY} keyword +anywhere in the Org file (see @ref{Property Syntax}). + +The following example makes all the R code blocks execute in the same +session. Setting @samp{:results} to @samp{silent} ignores the results of +executions for all blocks, not just R code blocks; no results inserted +for any block. + +@example +#+PROPERTY: header-args:R :session *R* +#+PROPERTY: header-args :results silent +@end example + +@vindex org-use-property-inheritance +Header arguments set through Org's property drawers (see @ref{Property Syntax}) apply at the sub-tree level on down. Since these property +drawers can appear anywhere in the file hierarchy, Org uses outermost +call or source block to resolve the values. Org ignores +@code{org-use-property-inheritance} setting. + +In this example, @samp{:cache} defaults to @samp{yes} for all code blocks in the +sub-tree. + +@example +* sample header + :PROPERTIES: + :header-args: :cache yes + :END: +@end example + +@kindex C-c C-x p +@findex org-set-property +Properties defined through @code{org-set-property} function, bound to +@kbd{C-c C-x p}, apply to all active languages. They override +properties set in @code{org-babel-default-header-args}. + +@cindex language specific header arguments properties +@cindex header arguments per language +Language-specific header arguments are also read from properties +@samp{header-args:} where @var{} is the language +identifier. For example, + +@example +* Heading + :PROPERTIES: + :header-args:clojure: :session *clojure-1* + :header-args:R: :session *R* + :END: +** Subheading + :PROPERTIES: + :header-args:clojure: :session *clojure-2* + :END: +@end example + +@noindent +would force separate sessions for Clojure blocks in @samp{Heading} and +@samp{Subheading}, but use the same session for all R blocks. Blocks in +@samp{Subheading} inherit settings from @samp{Heading}. + +@anchor{Code block specific header arguments} +@subheading Code block specific header arguments + +Header arguments are most commonly set at the source code block level, +on the @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} line. Arguments set at this level take +precedence over those set in the @code{org-babel-default-header-args} +variable, and also those set as header properties. + +In the following example, setting @samp{:results} to @samp{silent} makes it +ignore results of the code execution. Setting @samp{:exports} to @samp{code} +exports only the body of the code block to HTML or @LaTeX{}. + +@example +#+NAME: factorial +#+BEGIN_SRC haskell :results silent :exports code :var n=0 + fac 0 = 1 + fac n = n * fac (n-1) +#+END_SRC +@end example + +The same header arguments in an inline code block: + +@example +src_haskell[:exports both]@{fac 5@} +@end example + + +@cindex @samp{HEADER}, keyword +Code block header arguments can span multiple lines using @samp{#+HEADER:} +on each line. Note that Org currently accepts the plural spelling of +@samp{#+HEADER:} only as a convenience for backward-compatibility. It may +be removed at some point. + +Multi-line header arguments on an unnamed code block: + +@example +#+HEADER: :var data1=1 +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data2=2 + (message "data1:%S, data2:%S" data1 data2) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +: data1:1, data2:2 +@end example + +Multi-line header arguments on a named code block: + +@example +#+NAME: named-block +#+HEADER: :var data=2 +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (message "data:%S" data) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: named-block + : data:2 +@end example + +@anchor{Header arguments in function calls} +@subheading Header arguments in function calls + +Header arguments in function calls are the most specific and override +all other settings in case of an overlap. They get the highest +priority. Two @samp{#+CALL:} examples are shown below. For the complete +syntax of @samp{CALL} keyword, see @ref{Evaluating Code Blocks}. + +In this example, @samp{:exports results} header argument is applied to the +evaluation of the @samp{#+CALL:} line. + +@example +#+CALL: factorial(n=5) :exports results +@end example + + +In this example, @samp{:session special} header argument is applied to the +evaluation of @samp{factorial} code block. + +@example +#+CALL: factorial[:session special](n=5) +@end example + +@node Environment of a Code Block +@section Environment of a Code Block + + + +@anchor{Passing arguments} +@subheading Passing arguments + +@cindex passing arguments to code blocks +@cindex arguments, in code blocks +@cindex @samp{var}, header argument +Use @samp{var} for passing arguments to source code blocks. The specifics +of variables in code blocks vary by the source language and are +covered in the language-specific documentation. The syntax for @samp{var}, +however, is the same for all languages. This includes declaring +a variable, and assigning a default value. + +The following syntax is used to pass arguments to code blocks using +the @samp{var} header argument. + +@example +:var NAME=ASSIGN +@end example + + +@noindent +@var{NAME} is the name of the variable bound in the code block +body. @var{ASSIGN} is a literal value, such as a string, +a number, a reference to a table, a list, a literal example, another +code block---with or without arguments---or the results of evaluating +a code block. @var{ASSIGN} may specify a filename for references +to elements in a different file, using a @samp{:} to separate the filename +from the reference. + +@example +:var NAME=FILE:REFERENCE +@end example + + +Here are examples of passing values by reference: + +@table @asis +@item table +A table named with a @samp{NAME} keyword. + +@example +#+NAME: example-table +| 1 | +| 2 | +| 3 | +| 4 | + +#+NAME: table-length +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var table=example-table + (length table) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: table-length +: 4 +@end example + +When passing a table, you can treat specially the row, or the +column, containing labels for the columns, or the rows, in the +table. + +@cindex @samp{colnames}, header argument +The @samp{colnames} header argument accepts @samp{yes}, @samp{no}, or @samp{nil} values. +The default value is @samp{nil}: if an input table has column +names---because the second row is a horizontal rule---then Org +removes the column names, processes the table, puts back the column +names, and then writes the table to the results block. Using @samp{yes}, +Org does the same to the first row, even if the initial table does +not contain any horizontal rule. When set to @samp{no}, Org does not +pre-process column names at all. + +@example +#+NAME: less-cols +| a | +|---| +| b | +| c | + +#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=less-cols :colnames nil + return [[val + '*' for val in row] for row in tab] +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +| a | +|----| +| b* | +| c* | +@end example + +@cindex @samp{rownames}, header argument +Similarly, the @samp{rownames} header argument can take two values: @samp{yes} +or @samp{no}. When set to @samp{yes}, Org removes the first column, processes +the table, puts back the first column, and then writes the table to +the results block. The default is @samp{no}, which means Org does not +pre-process the first column. Note that Emacs Lisp code blocks +ignore @samp{rownames} header argument because of the ease of +table-handling in Emacs. + +@example +#+NAME: with-rownames +| one | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | +| two | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | + +#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=with-rownames :rownames yes + return [[val + 10 for val in row] for row in tab] +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +| one | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | +| two | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | +@end example +@end table + +To refer to a table in another file, join the filename and table name with +a colon, for example: @samp{:var table=other-file.org:example-table}. + +@table @asis +@item list +A simple named list. + +@example +#+NAME: example-list +- simple + - not + - nested +- list + +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=example-list + (print x) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +| simple | list | +@end example + +Note that only the top level list items are passed along. Nested +list items are ignored. + +@item code block without arguments +A code block name, as assigned by @samp{NAME} keyword from the example +above, optionally followed by parentheses. + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var length=table-length() + (* 2 length) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +: 8 +@end example + +@item code block with arguments +A code block name, as assigned by @samp{NAME} keyword, followed by +parentheses and optional arguments passed within the parentheses. + +@example +#+NAME: double +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var input=8 + (* 2 input) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: double +: 16 + +#+NAME: squared +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var input=double(input=1) + (* input input) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: squared +: 4 +@end example + +@item literal example +A literal example block named with a @samp{NAME} keyword. + +@example +#+NAME: literal-example +#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + A literal example + on two lines +#+END_EXAMPLE + +#+NAME: read-literal-example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=literal-example + (concatenate #'string x " for you.") +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: read-literal-example +: A literal example +: on two lines for you. +@end example +@end table + +Indexing variable values enables referencing portions of a variable. +Indexes are 0 based with negative values counting backwards from the +end. If an index is separated by commas then each subsequent section +indexes as the next dimension. Note that this indexing occurs +@emph{before} other table-related header arguments are applied, such as +@samp{hlines}, @samp{colnames} and @samp{rownames}. The following example assigns +the last cell of the first row the table @samp{example-table} to the +variable @samp{data}: + +@example +#+NAME: example-table +| 1 | a | +| 2 | b | +| 3 | c | +| 4 | d | + +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[0,-1] + data +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +: a +@end example + +Two integers separated by a colon reference a range of variable +values. In that case the entire inclusive range is referenced. For +example the following assigns the middle three rows of @samp{example-table} +to @samp{data}. + +@example +#+NAME: example-table +| 1 | a | +| 2 | b | +| 3 | c | +| 4 | d | +| 5 | 3 | + +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[1:3] + data +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +| 2 | b | +| 3 | c | +| 4 | d | +@end example + +To pick the entire range, use an empty index, or the single character +@samp{*}. @samp{0:-1} does the same thing. Example below shows how to +reference the first column only. + +@example +#+NAME: example-table +| 1 | a | +| 2 | b | +| 3 | c | +| 4 | d | + +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[,0] + data +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | +@end example + +Index referencing can be used for tables and code blocks. Index +referencing can handle any number of dimensions. Commas delimit +multiple dimensions, as shown below. + +@example +#+NAME: 3D +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + '(((1 2 3) (4 5 6) (7 8 9)) + ((10 11 12) (13 14 15) (16 17 18)) + ((19 20 21) (22 23 24) (25 26 27))) +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=3D[1,,1] + data +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +| 11 | 14 | 17 | +@end example + +Note that row names and column names are not removed prior to variable +indexing. You need to take them into account, even when @samp{colnames} or +@samp{rownames} header arguments remove them. + +Emacs lisp code can also set the values for variables. To +differentiate a value from Lisp code, Org interprets any value +starting with @samp{(}, @samp{[}, @samp{'} or @samp{`} as Emacs Lisp code. The result of +evaluating that code is then assigned to the value of that variable. +The following example shows how to reliably query and pass the file +name of the Org mode buffer to a code block using headers. We need +reliability here because the file's name could change once the code in +the block starts executing. + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC sh :var filename=(buffer-file-name) :exports both + wc -w $filename +#+END_SRC +@end example + +Note that values read from tables and lists are not mistakenly +evaluated as Emacs Lisp code, as illustrated in the following example. + +@example +#+NAME: table +| (a b c) | + +#+HEADER: :var data=table[0,0] +#+BEGIN_SRC perl + $data +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +: (a b c) +@end example + +@anchor{Using sessions} +@subheading Using sessions + +@cindex using sessions in code blocks +@cindex @samp{session}, header argument +Two code blocks can share the same environment. The @samp{session} header +argument is for running multiple source code blocks under one session. +Org runs code blocks with the same session name in the same +interpreter process. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{none} +Default. Each code block gets a new interpreter process to execute. +The process terminates once the block is evaluated. + +@item @var{STRING} +Any string besides @samp{none} turns that string into the name of that +session. For example, @samp{:session STRING} names it @samp{STRING}. If +@samp{session} has no value, then the session name is derived from the +source language identifier. Subsequent blocks with the same source +code language use the same session. Depending on the language, +state variables, code from other blocks, and the overall interpreted +environment may be shared. Some interpreted languages support +concurrent sessions when subsequent source code language blocks +change session names. +@end table + +Only languages that provide interactive evaluation can have session +support. Not all languages provide this support, such as C and ditaa. +Even languages, such as Python and Haskell, that do support +interactive evaluation impose limitations on allowable language +constructs that can run interactively. Org inherits those limitations +for those code blocks running in a session. + +@anchor{Choosing a working directory} +@subheading Choosing a working directory + +@cindex working directory, in a code block +@cindex @samp{dir}, header argument +@cindex @samp{mkdirp}, header argument +The @samp{dir} header argument specifies the default directory during code +block execution. If it is absent, then the directory associated with +the current buffer is used. In other words, supplying @samp{:dir +DIRECTORY} temporarily has the same effect as changing the current +directory with @kbd{M-x cd @key{RET} DIRECTORY}, and then not setting +@samp{dir}. Under the surface, @samp{dir} simply sets the value of the Emacs +variable @code{default-directory}. Setting @samp{mkdirp} header argument to +a non-@code{nil} value creates the directory, if necessary. + +For example, to save the plot file in the @samp{Work/} folder of the home +directory---notice tilde is expanded: + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC R :file myplot.png :dir ~/Work + matplot(matrix(rnorm(100), 10), type="l") +#+END_SRC +@end example + +To evaluate the code block on a remote machine, supply a remote +directory name using Tramp syntax. For example: + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC R :file plot.png :dir /scp:dand@@yakuba.princeton.edu: + plot(1:10, main=system("hostname", intern=TRUE)) +#+END_SRC +@end example + +Org first captures the text results as usual for insertion in the Org +file. Then Org also inserts a link to the remote file, thanks to +Emacs Tramp. Org constructs the remote path to the file name from +@samp{dir} and @code{default-directory}, as illustrated here: + +@example +[[file:/scp:dand@@yakuba.princeton.edu:/home/dand/plot.png][plot.png]] +@end example + + +When @samp{dir} is used with @samp{session}, Org sets the starting directory for +a new session. But Org does not alter the directory of an already +existing session. + +Do not use @samp{dir} with @samp{:exports results} or with @samp{:exports both} to +avoid Org inserting incorrect links to remote files. That is because +Org does not expand @code{default directory} to avoid some underlying +portability issues. + +@anchor{Inserting headers and footers} +@subheading Inserting headers and footers + +@cindex headers, in code blocks +@cindex footers, in code blocks +@cindex @samp{prologue}, header argument +The @samp{prologue} header argument is for appending to the top of the code +block for execution, like a reset instruction. For example, you may +use @samp{:prologue "reset"} in a Gnuplot code block or, for every such +block: + +@lisp +(add-to-list 'org-babel-default-header-args:gnuplot + '((:prologue . "reset"))) + +@end lisp + +@cindex @samp{epilogue}, header argument +Likewise, the value of the @samp{epilogue} header argument is for appending +to the end of the code block for execution. + +@node Evaluating Code Blocks +@section Evaluating Code Blocks + +@cindex code block, evaluating +@cindex source code, evaluating +@cindex @samp{RESULTS}, keyword + +A note about security: With code evaluation comes the risk of harm. +Org safeguards by prompting for user's permission before executing any +code in the source block. To customize this safeguard, or disable it, +see @ref{Code Evaluation Security}. + +@anchor{How to evaluate source code} +@subheading How to evaluate source code + +Org captures the results of the code block evaluation and inserts them +in the Org file, right after the code block. The insertion point is +after a newline and the @samp{RESULTS} keyword. Org creates the @samp{RESULTS} +keyword if one is not already there. + +By default, Org enables only Emacs Lisp code blocks for execution. +See @ref{Languages} to enable other languages. + +@kindex C-c C-c +@kindex C-c C-v e +@findex org-babel-execute-src-block +Org provides many ways to execute code blocks. @kbd{C-c C-c} or +@kbd{C-c C-v e} with the point on a code block@footnote{The option @code{org-babel-no-eval-on-ctrl-c-ctrl-c} can be used +to remove code evaluation from the @kbd{C-c C-c} key binding.} calls the +@code{org-babel-execute-src-block} function, which executes the code in the +block, collects the results, and inserts them in the buffer. + +@cindex @samp{CALL}, keyword +@vindex org-babel-inline-result-wrap +By calling a named code block@footnote{Actually, the constructs @samp{call_()} and @samp{src_@{@}} +are not evaluated when they appear in a keyword (see @ref{In-buffer Settings}).} from an Org mode buffer or +a table. Org can call the named code blocks from the current Org mode +buffer or from the ``Library of Babel'' (see @ref{Library of Babel}). + +The syntax for @samp{CALL} keyword is: + +@example +#+CALL: () +#+CALL: []() +@end example + +The syntax for inline named code blocks is: + +@example +... call_() ... +... call_[]()[] ... +@end example + +When inline syntax is used, the result is wrapped based on the +variable @code{org-babel-inline-result-wrap}, which by default is set to +@code{"=%s="} to produce verbatim text suitable for markup. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{} +This is the name of the code block (see @ref{Structure of Code Blocks}) +to be evaluated in the current document. If the block is located in +another file, start @samp{} with the file name followed by +a colon. For example, in order to execute a block named @samp{clear-data} +in @samp{file.org}, you can write the following: + +@example +#+CALL: file.org:clear-data() +@end example + +@item @samp{} +Org passes arguments to the code block using standard function call +syntax. For example, a @samp{#+CALL:} line that passes @samp{4} to a code +block named @samp{double}, which declares the header argument @samp{:var n=2}, +would be written as: + +@example +#+CALL: double(n=4) +@end example + + +@noindent +Note how this function call syntax is different from the header +argument syntax. + +@item @samp{} +Org passes inside header arguments to the named code block using the +header argument syntax. Inside header arguments apply to code block +evaluation. For example, @samp{[:results output]} collects results +printed to stdout during code execution of that block. Note how +this header argument syntax is different from the function call +syntax. + +@item @samp{} +End header arguments affect the results returned by the code block. +For example, @samp{:results html} wraps the results in a @samp{#+BEGIN_EXPORT + html} block before inserting the results in the Org buffer. +@end table + +@anchor{Limit code block evaluation} +@subheading Limit code block evaluation + +@cindex @samp{eval}, header argument +@cindex control code block evaluation +The @samp{eval} header argument can limit evaluation of specific code +blocks and @samp{CALL} keyword. It is useful for protection against +evaluating untrusted code blocks by prompting for a confirmation. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{never} or @samp{no} +Org never evaluates the source code. + +@item @samp{query} +Org prompts the user for permission to evaluate the source code. + +@item @samp{never-export} or @samp{no-export} +Org does not evaluate the source code when exporting, yet the user +can evaluate it interactively. + +@item @samp{query-export} +Org prompts the user for permission to evaluate the source code +during export. +@end table + +If @samp{eval} header argument is not set, then Org determines whether to +evaluate the source code from the @code{org-confirm-babel-evaluate} +variable (see @ref{Code Evaluation Security}). + +@anchor{Cache results of evaluation} +@subheading Cache results of evaluation + +@cindex @samp{cache}, header argument +@cindex cache results of code evaluation +The @samp{cache} header argument is for caching results of evaluating code +blocks. Caching results can avoid re-evaluating a code block that +have not changed since the previous run. To benefit from the cache +and avoid redundant evaluations, the source block must have a result +already present in the buffer, and neither the header +arguments---including the value of @samp{var} references---nor the text of +the block itself has changed since the result was last computed. This +feature greatly helps avoid long-running calculations. For some edge +cases, however, the cached results may not be reliable. + +The caching feature is best for when code blocks are pure functions, +that is functions that return the same value for the same input +arguments (see @ref{Environment of a Code Block}), and that do not have +side effects, and do not rely on external variables other than the +input arguments. Functions that depend on a timer, file system +objects, and random number generators are clearly unsuitable for +caching. + +A note of warning: when @samp{cache} is used in a session, caching may +cause unexpected results. + +When the caching mechanism tests for any source code changes, it does +not expand noweb style references (see @ref{Noweb Reference Syntax}). + +The @samp{cache} header argument can have one of two values: @samp{yes} or @samp{no}. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{no} +Default. No caching of results; code block evaluated every time. + +@item @samp{yes} +Whether to run the code or return the cached results is determined +by comparing the SHA1 hash value of the combined code block and +arguments passed to it. This hash value is packed on the +@samp{#+RESULTS:} line from previous evaluation. When hash values match, +Org does not evaluate the code block. When hash values mismatch, +Org evaluates the code block, inserts the results, recalculates the +hash value, and updates @samp{#+RESULTS:} line. +@end table + +In this example, both functions are cached. But @samp{caller} runs only if +the result from @samp{random} has changed since the last run. + +@example +#+NAME: random +#+BEGIN_SRC R :cache yes + runif(1) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS[a2a72cd647ad44515fab62e144796432793d68e1]: random +0.4659510825295 + +#+NAME: caller +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=random :cache yes + x +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS[bec9c8724e397d5df3b696502df3ed7892fc4f5f]: caller +0.254227238707244 +@end example + +@node Results of Evaluation +@section Results of Evaluation + +@cindex code block, results of evaluation +@cindex source code, results of evaluation + +@cindex @samp{results}, header argument +How Org handles results of a code block execution depends on many +header arguments working together. The primary determinant, however, +is the @samp{results} header argument. It accepts four classes of options. +Each code block can take only one option per class: + +@table @asis +@item Collection +For how the results should be collected from the code block; + +@item Type +For which type of result the code block will return; affects how Org +processes and inserts results in the Org buffer; + +@item Format +For the result; affects how Org processes results; + +@item Handling +For inserting results once they are properly formatted. +@end table + +@anchor{Collection} +@subheading Collection + +Collection options specify the results. Choose one of the options; +they are mutually exclusive. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{value} +Default for most Babel libraries@footnote{Actually, the constructs @samp{call_()} and @samp{src_@{@}} +are not evaluated when they appear in a keyword (see @ref{In-buffer Settings}).}. Functional mode. Org +gets the value by wrapping the code in a function definition in the +language of the source block. That is why when using @samp{:results + value}, code should execute like a function and return a value. For +languages like Python, an explicit @code{return} statement is mandatory +when using @samp{:results value}. Result is the value returned by the +last statement in the code block. + +When evaluating the code block in a session (see @ref{Environment of a Code Block}), Org passes the code to an interpreter running as an +interactive Emacs inferior process. Org gets the value from the +source code interpreter's last statement output. Org has to use +language-specific methods to obtain the value. For example, from +the variable @code{_} in Ruby, and the value of @code{.Last.value} in R@. + +@item @samp{output} +Scripting mode. Org passes the code to an external process running +the interpreter. Org returns the contents of the standard output +stream as text results. + +When using a session, Org passes the code to the interpreter running +as an interactive Emacs inferior process. Org concatenates any text +output from the interpreter and returns the collection as a result. +@end table + +@anchor{Type} +@subheading Type + +Type tells what result types to expect from the execution of the code +block. Choose one of the options; they are mutually exclusive. The +default behavior is to automatically determine the result type. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{table} +@itemx @samp{vector} +Interpret the results as an Org table. If the result is a single +value, create a table with one row and one column. Usage example: +@samp{:results value table}. + +@cindex @samp{hlines}, header argument +In-between each table row or below the table headings, sometimes +results have horizontal lines, which are also known as ``hlines''. +The @samp{hlines} argument with the default @samp{no} value strips such lines +from the input table. For most code, this is desirable, or else +those @samp{hline} symbols raise unbound variable errors. A @samp{yes} +accepts such lines, as demonstrated in the following example. + +@example +#+NAME: many-cols +| a | b | c | +|---+---+---| +| d | e | f | +|---+---+---| +| g | h | i | + +#+NAME: no-hline +#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=many-cols :hlines no + return tab +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: no-hline +| a | b | c | +| d | e | f | +| g | h | i | + +#+NAME: hlines +#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=many-cols :hlines yes + return tab +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: hlines +| a | b | c | +|---+---+---| +| d | e | f | +|---+---+---| +| g | h | i | +@end example + +@item @samp{list} +Interpret the results as an Org list. If the result is a single +value, create a list of one element. + +@item @samp{scalar} +@itemx @samp{verbatim} +Interpret literally and insert as quoted text. Do not create +a table. Usage example: @samp{:results value verbatim}. + +@item @samp{file} +Interpret as a filename. Save the results of execution of the code +block to that file, then insert a link to it. You can control both +the filename and the description associated to the link. + +@cindex @samp{file}, header argument +@cindex @samp{output-dir}, header argument +Org first tries to generate the filename from the value of the +@samp{file} header argument and the directory specified using the +@samp{output-dir} header arguments. If @samp{output-dir} is not specified, +Org assumes it is the current directory. + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC asymptote :results value file :file circle.pdf :output-dir img/ + size(2cm); + draw(unitcircle); +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@cindex @samp{file-ext}, header argument +If @samp{file} header argument is missing, Org generates the base name of +the output file from the name of the code block, and its extension +from the @samp{file-ext} header argument. In that case, both the name +and the extension are mandatory. + +@example +#+name: circle +#+BEGIN_SRC asymptote :results value file :file-ext pdf + size(2cm); + draw(unitcircle); +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@cindex @samp{file-desc}, header argument +The @samp{file-desc} header argument defines the description (see @ref{Link Format}) for the link. If @samp{file-desc} is present but has no value, +the @samp{file} value is used as the link description. When this +argument is not present, the description is omitted. If you want to +provide the @samp{file-desc} argument but omit the description, you can +provide it with an empty vector (i.e., :file-desc []). + +@cindex @samp{sep}, header argument +By default, Org assumes that a table written to a file has +TAB-delimited output. You can choose a different separator with +the @samp{sep} header argument. + +@cindex @samp{file-mode}, header argument +The @samp{file-mode} header argument defines the file permissions. To +make it executable, use @samp{:file-mode (identity #o755)}. + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC shell :results file :file script.sh :file-mode (identity #o755) + echo "#!/bin/bash" + echo "echo Hello World" +#+END_SRC +@end example +@end table + +@anchor{Format} +@subheading Format + +Format pertains to the type of the result returned by the code block. +Choose one of the options; they are mutually exclusive. The default +follows from the type specified above. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{code} +Result enclosed in a code block. Useful for parsing. Usage +example: @samp{:results value code}. + +@item @samp{drawer} +Result wrapped in a @samp{RESULTS} drawer. Useful for containing @samp{raw} +or @samp{org} results for later scripting and automated processing. +Usage example: @samp{:results value drawer}. + +@item @samp{html} +Results enclosed in a @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT html} block. Usage example: +@samp{:results value html}. + +@item @samp{latex} +Results enclosed in a @samp{BEGIN_EXPORT latex} block. Usage example: +@samp{:results value latex}. + +@item @samp{link} +@itemx @samp{graphics} +When used along with @samp{file} type, the result is a link to the file +specified in @samp{:file} header argument. However, unlike plain @samp{file} +type, nothing is written to the disk. The block is used for its +side-effects only, as in the following example: + +@example +#+begin_src shell :results file link :file "download.tar.gz" +wget -c "https://example.com/download.tar.gz" +#+end_src +@end example + +@item @samp{org} +Results enclosed in a @samp{BEGIN_SRC org} block. For comma-escape, +either @kbd{@key{TAB}} in the block, or export the file. Usage +example: @samp{:results value org}. + +@item @samp{pp} +Result converted to pretty-print source code. Enclosed in a code +block. Languages supported: Emacs Lisp, Python, and Ruby. Usage +example: @samp{:results value pp}. + +@item @samp{raw} +Interpreted as raw Org mode. Inserted directly into the buffer. +Aligned if it is a table. Usage example: @samp{:results value raw}. +@end table + +@cindex @samp{wrap}, header argument +The @samp{wrap} header argument unconditionally marks the results block by +appending strings to @samp{#+BEGIN_} and @samp{#+END_}. If no string is +specified, Org wraps the results in a @samp{#+BEGIN_results} +@dots{} @samp{#+END_results} block. It takes precedent over the @samp{results} +value listed above. E.g., + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :results html :wrap EXPORT markdown +"Welcome back to the 90's" +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +#+BEGIN_EXPORT markdown +Welcome back to the 90's +#+END_EXPORT +@end example + +@anchor{Handling} +@subheading Handling + +Handling options after collecting the results. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{replace} +Default. Insert results in the Org buffer. Remove previous +results. Usage example: @samp{:results output replace}. + +@item @samp{silent} +Do not insert results in the Org mode buffer, but echo them in the +minibuffer. Usage example: @samp{:results output silent}. + +@item @samp{none} +Do not process results at all. No inserting in the Org mode buffer +nor echo them in the minibuffer. Usage example: @samp{:results none}. + +@item @samp{append} +Append results to the Org buffer. Latest results are at the bottom. +Does not remove previous results. Usage example: @samp{:results output + append}. + +@item @samp{prepend} +Prepend results to the Org buffer. Latest results are at the top. +Does not remove previous results. Usage example: @samp{:results output + prepend}. +@end table + +@anchor{Post-processing} +@subheading Post-processing + +@cindex @samp{post}, header argument +@cindex @samp{*this*}, in @samp{post} header argument +The @samp{post} header argument is for post-processing results from block +evaluation. When @samp{post} has any value, Org binds the results to +@code{*this*} variable for easy passing to @samp{var} header argument +specifications (see @ref{Environment of a Code Block}). That makes results +available to other code blocks, or even for direct Emacs Lisp code +execution. + +The following two examples illustrate @samp{post} header argument in +action. The first one shows how to attach an @samp{ATTR_LATEX} keyword +using @samp{post}. + +@example +#+NAME: attr_wrap +#+BEGIN_SRC sh :var data="" :var width="\\textwidth" :results output + echo "#+ATTR_LATEX: :width $width" + echo "$data" +#+END_SRC + +#+HEADER: :file /tmp/it.png +#+BEGIN_SRC dot :post attr_wrap(width="5cm", data=*this*) :results drawer + digraph@{ + a -> b; + b -> c; + c -> a; + @} +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS: +:RESULTS: +#+ATTR_LATEX :width 5cm +[[file:/tmp/it.png]] +:END: +@end example + +The second example shows use of @samp{colnames} header argument in @samp{post} +to pass data between code blocks. + +@example +#+NAME: round-tbl +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var tbl="" fmt="%.3f" + (mapcar (lambda (row) + (mapcar (lambda (cell) + (if (numberp cell) + (format fmt cell) + cell)) + row)) + tbl) +#+end_src + +#+BEGIN_SRC R :colnames yes :post round-tbl[:colnames yes](*this*) + set.seed(42) + data.frame(foo=rnorm(1)) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +| foo | +|-------| +| 1.371 | +@end example + +@node Exporting Code Blocks +@section Exporting Code Blocks + +@cindex code block, exporting +@cindex source code, exporting + +It is possible to export the @emph{code} of code blocks, the @emph{results} of +code block evaluation, @emph{both} the code and the results of code block +evaluation, or @emph{none}. Org defaults to exporting @emph{code} for most +languages. For some languages, such as ditaa, Org defaults to +@emph{results}. To export just the body of code blocks, see @ref{Literal Examples}. To selectively export sub-trees of an Org document, see +@ref{Exporting}. + +@cindex @samp{exports}, header argument +The @samp{exports} header argument is to specify if that part of the Org +file is exported to, say, HTML or @LaTeX{} formats. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{code} +The default. The body of code is included into the exported file. +Example: @samp{:exports code}. + +@item @samp{results} +The results of evaluation of the code is included in the exported +file. Example: @samp{:exports results}. + +@item @samp{both} +Both the code and results of evaluation are included in the exported +file. Example: @samp{:exports both}. + +@item @samp{none} +Neither the code nor the results of evaluation is included in the +exported file. Whether the code is evaluated at all depends on +other options. Example: @samp{:exports none}. +@end table + +@vindex org-export-use-babel +To stop Org from evaluating code blocks to speed exports, use the +header argument @samp{:eval never-export} (see @ref{Evaluating Code Blocks}). +To stop Org from evaluating code blocks for greater security, set the +@code{org-export-use-babel} variable to @code{nil}, but understand that header +arguments will have no effect. + +Turning off evaluation comes in handy when batch processing. For +example, markup languages for wikis, which have a high risk of +untrusted code. Stopping code block evaluation also stops evaluation +of all header arguments of the code block. This may not be desirable +in some circumstances. So during export, to allow evaluation of just +the header arguments but not any code evaluation in the source block, +set @samp{:eval never-export} (see @ref{Evaluating Code Blocks}). + +Org never evaluates code blocks in commented sub-trees when exporting +(see @ref{Comment Lines}). On the other hand, Org does evaluate code +blocks in sub-trees excluded from export (see @ref{Export Settings}). + +@node Extracting Source Code +@section Extracting Source Code + +@cindex tangling +@cindex source code, extracting +@cindex code block, extracting source code + +Extracting source code from code blocks is a basic task in literate +programming. Org has features to make this easy. In literate +programming parlance, documents on creation are @emph{woven} with code and +documentation, and on export, the code is tangled for execution by +a computer. Org facilitates weaving and tangling for producing, +maintaining, sharing, and exporting literate programming documents. +Org provides extensive customization options for extracting source +code. + +When Org tangles code blocks, it expands, merges, and transforms them. +Then Org recomposes them into one or more separate files, as +configured through the options. During this tangling process, Org +expands variables in the source code, and resolves any noweb style +references (see @ref{Noweb Reference Syntax}). + +@anchor{Header arguments} +@subheading Header arguments + +@cindex @samp{tangle}, header argument +The @samp{tangle} header argument specifies if the code block is exported +to source file(s). + +@table @asis +@item @samp{yes} +Export the code block to source file. The file name for the source +file is derived from the name of the Org file, and the file +extension is derived from the source code language identifier. +Example: @samp{:tangle yes}. + +@item @samp{no} +The default. Do not extract the code in a source code file. +Example: @samp{:tangle no}. + +@item @var{FILENAME} +Export the code block to source file whose file name is derived from +any string passed to the @samp{tangle} header argument. Org derives the +file name as being relative to the directory of the Org file's +location. Example: @samp{:tangle FILENAME}. +@end table + +@cindex @samp{mkdirp}, header argument +The @samp{mkdirp} header argument creates parent directories for tangled +files if the directory does not exist. A @samp{yes} value enables +directory creation whereas @samp{no} inhibits it. + +@cindex @samp{comments}, header argument +The @samp{comments} header argument controls inserting comments into +tangled files. These are above and beyond whatever comments may +already exist in the code block. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{no} +The default. Do not insert any extra comments during tangling. + +@item @samp{link} +Wrap the code block in comments. Include links pointing back to the +place in the Org file from where the code was tangled. + +@item @samp{yes} +Kept for backward compatibility; same as @samp{link}. + +@item @samp{org} +Nearest headline text from Org file is inserted as comment. The +exact text that is inserted is picked from the leading context of +the source block. + +@item @samp{both} +Includes both @samp{link} and @samp{org} options. + +@item @samp{noweb} +Includes @samp{link} option, expands noweb references (see @ref{Noweb Reference Syntax}), and wraps them in link comments inside the body +of the code block. +@end table + +@cindex @samp{padline}, header argument +The @samp{padline} header argument controls insertion of newlines to pad +source code in the tangled file. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{yes} +Default. Insert a newline before and after each code block in the +tangled file. + +@item @samp{no} +Do not insert newlines to pad the tangled code blocks. +@end table + +@cindex @samp{shebang}, header argument +The @samp{shebang} header argument can turn results into executable script +files. By setting it to a string value---for example, @samp{:shebang +"#!/bin/bash"}---Org inserts that string as the first line of the +tangled file that the code block is extracted to. Org then turns on +the tangled file's executable permission. + +@cindex @samp{tangle-mode}, header argument +The @samp{tangle-mode} header argument specifies what permissions to set +for tangled files by @code{set-file-modes}. For example, to make +a read-only tangled file, use @samp{:tangle-mode (identity #o444)}. To +make it executable, use @samp{:tangle-mode (identity #o755)}. It also +overrides executable permission granted by @samp{shebang}. When multiple +source code blocks tangle to a single file with different and +conflicting @samp{tangle-mode} header arguments, Org's behavior is +undefined. + +@cindex @samp{no-expand}, header argument +By default Org expands code blocks during tangling. The @samp{no-expand} +header argument turns off such expansions. Note that one side-effect +of expansion by @code{org-babel-expand-src-block} also assigns values (see +@ref{Environment of a Code Block}) to variables. Expansions also replace +noweb references with their targets (see @ref{Noweb Reference Syntax}). +Some of these expansions may cause premature assignment, hence this +option. This option makes a difference only for tangling. It has no +effect when exporting since code blocks for execution have to be +expanded anyway. + +@anchor{Functions} +@subheading Functions + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-babel-tangle} +@findex org-babel-tangle +@kindex C-c C-v t +Tangle the current file. Bound to @kbd{C-c C-v t}. + +With prefix argument only tangle the current code block. + +@item @code{org-babel-tangle-file} +@findex org-babel-tangle-file +@kindex C-c C-v f +Choose a file to tangle. Bound to @kbd{C-c C-v f}. +@end table + +@anchor{Tangle hooks} +@subheading Tangle hooks + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-babel-post-tangle-hook} +@vindex org-babel-post-tangle-hook +This hook is run from within code files tangled by +@code{org-babel-tangle}, making it suitable for post-processing, +compilation, and evaluation of code in the tangled files. +@end table + +@anchor{Jumping between code and Org} +@subheading Jumping between code and Org + +@findex org-babel-tangle-jump-to-org +Debuggers normally link errors and messages back to the source code. +But for tangled files, we want to link back to the Org file, not to +the tangled source file. To make this extra jump, Org uses +@code{org-babel-tangle-jump-to-org} function with two additional source +code block header arguments: + +@enumerate +@item +Set @samp{padline} to true---this is the default setting. +@item +Set @samp{comments} to @samp{link}, which makes Org insert links to the Org +file. +@end enumerate + +@node Languages +@section Languages + +@cindex babel, languages +@cindex source code, languages +@cindex code block, languages + +Code blocks in dozens of languages are supported. See Worg for +@uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/languages/index.html, language specific documentation}. + +@vindex org-babel-load-languages +By default, only Emacs Lisp is enabled for evaluation. To enable or +disable other languages, customize the @code{org-babel-load-languages} +variable either through the Emacs customization interface, or by +adding code to the init file as shown next. + +In this example, evaluation is disabled for Emacs Lisp, and enabled +for R@. + +@lisp +(org-babel-do-load-languages + 'org-babel-load-languages + '((emacs-lisp . nil) + (R . t))) +@end lisp + +Note that this is not the only way to enable a language. Org also +enables languages when loaded with @code{require} statement. For example, +the following enables execution of Clojure code blocks: + +@lisp +(require 'ob-clojure) +@end lisp + +@node Editing Source Code +@section Editing Source Code + +@cindex code block, editing +@cindex source code, editing + +@kindex C-c ' +Use @kbd{C-c '} to edit the current code block. It opens a new +major mode edit buffer containing the body of the source code block, +ready for any edits. Use @kbd{C-c '} again to close the buffer +and return to the Org buffer. + +@kindex C-x C-s +@vindex org-edit-src-auto-save-idle-delay +@cindex auto-save, in code block editing +@kbd{C-x C-s} saves the buffer and updates the contents of the +Org buffer. Set @code{org-edit-src-auto-save-idle-delay} to save the base +buffer after a certain idle delay time. Set +@code{org-edit-src-turn-on-auto-save} to auto-save this buffer into +a separate file using Auto-save mode. + +While editing the source code in the major mode, the Org Src minor +mode remains active. It provides these customization variables as +described below. For even more variables, look in the customization +group @code{org-edit-structure}. + +@table @asis +@item @code{org-src-lang-modes} +@vindex org-src-lang-modes +If an Emacs major-mode named @code{-mode} exists, where +@var{} is the language identifier from code block's +header line, then the edit buffer uses that major mode. Use this +variable to arbitrarily map language identifiers to major modes. + +@item @code{org-src-window-setup} +@vindex org-src-window-setup +For specifying Emacs window arrangement when the new edit buffer is +created. + +@item @code{org-src-preserve-indentation} +@cindex indentation, in code blocks +@vindex org-src-preserve-indentation +Default is @code{nil}. Source code is indented. This indentation +applies during export or tangling, and depending on the context, may +alter leading spaces and tabs. When non-@code{nil}, source code is +aligned with the leftmost column. No lines are modified during +export or tangling, which is very useful for white-space sensitive +languages, such as Python. + +@item @code{org-src-ask-before-returning-to-edit-buffer} +@vindex org-src-ask-before-returning-to-edit-buffer +When @code{nil}, Org returns to the edit buffer without further prompts. +The default prompts for a confirmation. +@end table + +@vindex org-src-fontify-natively +@vindex org-src-block-faces +Set @code{org-src-fontify-natively} to non-@code{nil} to turn on native code +fontification in the @emph{Org} buffer. Fontification of code blocks can +give visual separation of text and code on the display page. To +further customize the appearance of @code{org-block} for specific +languages, customize @code{org-src-block-faces}. The following example +shades the background of regular blocks, and colors source blocks only +for Python and Emacs Lisp languages. + +@lisp +(require 'color) +(set-face-attribute 'org-block nil :background + (color-darken-name + (face-attribute 'default :background) 3)) + +(setq org-src-block-faces '(("emacs-lisp" (:background "#EEE2FF")) + ("python" (:background "#E5FFB8")))) +@end lisp + +@node Noweb Reference Syntax +@section Noweb Reference Syntax + +@cindex code block, noweb reference +@cindex syntax, noweb +@cindex source code, noweb reference + +@cindex @samp{noweb-ref}, header argument +Source code blocks can include references to other source code blocks, +using a noweb@footnote{For noweb literate programming details, see +@uref{http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/noweb/}.} style syntax: + +@example +<> +@end example + + +@noindent +where @var{CODE-BLOCK-ID} refers to either the @samp{NAME} of a single +source code block, or a collection of one or more source code blocks +sharing the same @samp{noweb-ref} header argument (see @ref{Using Header Arguments}). Org can replace such references with the source code of +the block or blocks being referenced, or, in the case of a single +source code block named with @samp{NAME}, with the results of an evaluation +of that block. + +@cindex @samp{noweb}, header argument +The @samp{noweb} header argument controls expansion of noweb syntax +references. Expansions occur when source code blocks are evaluated, +tangled, or exported. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{no} +Default. No expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the +code when evaluating, tangling, or exporting. + +@item @samp{yes} +Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block +when evaluating, tangling, or exporting. + +@item @samp{tangle} +Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block +when tangling. No expansion when evaluating or exporting. + +@item @samp{no-export} +Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block +when evaluating or tangling. No expansion when exporting. + +@item @samp{strip-export} +Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block +when expanding prior to evaluating or tangling. Removes noweb +syntax references when exporting. + +@item @samp{eval} +Expansion of noweb syntax references in the body of the code block +only before evaluating. +@end table + +In the most simple case, the contents of a single source block is +inserted within other blocks. Thus, in following example, + +@example +#+NAME: initialization +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (setq sentence "Never a foot too far, even.") +#+END_SRC + +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes + <> + (reverse sentence) +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@noindent +the second code block is expanded as + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes + (setq sentence "Never a foot too far, even.") + (reverse sentence) +#+END_SRC +@end example + +You may also include the contents of multiple blocks sharing a common +@samp{noweb-ref} header argument, which can be set at the file, sub-tree, +or code block level. In the example Org file shown next, the body of +the source code in each block is extracted for concatenation to a pure +code file when tangled. + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle yes :noweb yes :shebang #!/bin/sh + <> +#+END_SRC +* the mount point of the fullest disk + :PROPERTIES: + :header-args: :noweb-ref fullest-disk + :END: + +** query all mounted disks +#+BEGIN_SRC sh + df \ +#+END_SRC + +** strip the header row +#+BEGIN_SRC sh + |sed '1d' \ +#+END_SRC + +** output mount point of fullest disk +#+BEGIN_SRC sh + |awk '@{if (u < +$5) @{u = +$5; m = $6@}@} END @{print m@}' +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@cindex @samp{noweb-sep}, header argument +By default a newline separates each noweb reference concatenation. To +use a different separator, edit the @samp{noweb-sep} header argument. + +Alternatively, Org can include the results of evaluation of a single +code block rather than its body. Evaluation occurs when parentheses, +possibly including arguments, are appended to the code block name, as +shown below. + +@example +<> +@end example + + +Note that in this case, a code block name set by @samp{NAME} keyword is +required; the reference set by @samp{noweb-ref} will not work when +evaluation is desired. + +Here is an example that demonstrates how the exported content changes +when noweb style references are used with parentheses versus without. +Given: + +@example +#+NAME: some-code +#+BEGIN_SRC python :var num=0 :results output :exports none + print(num*10) +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@noindent +this code block: + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC text :noweb yes + <> +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@noindent +expands to: + +@example +print(num*10) +@end example + + +Below, a similar noweb style reference is used, but with parentheses, +while setting a variable @samp{num} to 10: + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC text :noweb yes + <> +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@noindent +Note that the expansion now contains the results of the code block +@samp{some-code}, not the code block itself: + +@example +100 +@end example + + +Noweb insertions honor prefix characters that appear before the noweb +syntax reference. This behavior is illustrated in the following +example. Because the @samp{<>} noweb reference appears behind the +SQL comment syntax, each line of the expanded noweb reference is +commented. With: + +@example +#+NAME: example +#+BEGIN_SRC text + this is the + multi-line body of example +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@noindent +this code block: + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC sql :noweb yes + ---<> +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@noindent +expands to: + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC sql :noweb yes + ---this is the + ---multi-line body of example +#+END_SRC +@end example + +Since this change does not affect noweb replacement text without +newlines in them, inline noweb references are acceptable. + +This feature can also be used for management of indentation in +exported code snippets. With: + +@example +#+NAME: if-true +#+BEGIN_SRC python :exports none + print('do things when true') +#+end_src + +#+name: if-false +#+begin_src python :exports none + print('do things when false') +#+end_src +@end example + +@noindent +this code block: + +@example +#+begin_src python :noweb yes :results output + if true: + <> + else: + <> +#+end_src +@end example + +@noindent +expands to: + +@example +if true: + print('do things when true') +else: + print('do things when false') +@end example + +When in doubt about the outcome of a source code block expansion, you +can preview the results with the following command: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-v v} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-v} (@code{org-babel-expand-src-block}) +@findex org-babel-expand-src-block +@kindex C-c C-v v +@kindex C-c C-v C-v +Expand the current source code block according to its header +arguments and pop open the results in a preview buffer. +@end table + +@node Library of Babel +@section Library of Babel + +@cindex babel, library of +@cindex source code, library +@cindex code block, library + +The ``Library of Babel'' is a collection of code blocks. Like +a function library, these code blocks can be called from other Org +files. A collection of useful code blocks is available on @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/library-of-babel.html, Worg}. For +remote code block evaluation syntax, see @ref{Evaluating Code Blocks}. + +@kindex C-c C-v i +@findex org-babel-lob-ingest +For any user to add code to the library, first save the code in +regular code blocks of an Org file, and then load the Org file with +@code{org-babel-lob-ingest}, which is bound to @kbd{C-c C-v i}. + +@node Key bindings and Useful Functions +@section Key bindings and Useful Functions + +@cindex code block, key bindings + +Many common Org mode key sequences are re-bound depending on +the context. + +Active key bindings in code blocks: + +@kindex C-c C-c +@findex org-babel-execute-src-block +@kindex C-c C-o +@findex org-babel-open-src-block-result +@kindex M-UP +@findex org-babel-load-in-session +@kindex M-DOWN +@findex org-babel-pop-to-session +@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.55 +@headitem Key binding +@tab Function +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +@tab @code{org-babel-execute-src-block} +@item @kbd{C-c C-o} +@tab @code{org-babel-open-src-block-result} +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}} +@tab @code{org-babel-load-in-session} +@item @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} +@tab @code{org-babel-pop-to-session} +@end multitable + +Active key bindings in Org mode buffer: + +@kindex C-c C-v p +@kindex C-c C-v C-p +@kindex C-c C-v n +@kindex C-c C-v C-n +@kindex C-c C-v e +@kindex C-c C-v C-e +@kindex C-c C-v o +@kindex C-c C-v C-o +@kindex C-c C-v v +@kindex C-c C-v C-v +@kindex C-c C-v u +@kindex C-c C-v C-u +@kindex C-c C-v g +@kindex C-c C-v C-g +@kindex C-c C-v r +@kindex C-c C-v C-r +@kindex C-c C-v b +@kindex C-c C-v C-b +@kindex C-c C-v s +@kindex C-c C-v C-s +@kindex C-c C-v d +@kindex C-c C-v C-d +@kindex C-c C-v t +@kindex C-c C-v C-t +@kindex C-c C-v f +@kindex C-c C-v C-f +@kindex C-c C-v c +@kindex C-c C-v C-c +@kindex C-c C-v j +@kindex C-c C-v C-j +@kindex C-c C-v l +@kindex C-c C-v C-l +@kindex C-c C-v i +@kindex C-c C-v C-i +@kindex C-c C-v I +@kindex C-c C-v C-I +@kindex C-c C-v z +@kindex C-c C-v C-z +@kindex C-c C-v a +@kindex C-c C-v C-a +@kindex C-c C-v h +@kindex C-c C-v C-h +@kindex C-c C-v x +@kindex C-c C-v C-x +@findex org-babel-previous-src-block +@findex org-babel-next-src-block +@findex org-babel-execute-maybe +@findex org-babel-open-src-block-result +@findex org-babel-expand-src-block +@findex org-babel-goto-src-block-head +@findex org-babel-goto-named-src-block +@findex org-babel-goto-named-result +@findex org-babel-execute-buffer +@findex org-babel-execute-subtree +@findex org-babel-demarcate-block +@findex org-babel-tangle +@findex org-babel-tangle-file +@findex org-babel-check-src-block +@findex org-babel-insert-header-arg +@findex org-babel-load-in-session +@findex org-babel-lob-ingest +@findex org-babel-view-src-block-info +@findex org-babel-switch-to-session-with-code +@findex org-babel-sha1-hash +@findex org-babel-describe-bindings +@findex org-babel-do-key-sequence-in-edit-buffer +@multitable @columnfractions 0.45 0.55 +@headitem Key binding +@tab Function +@item @kbd{C-c C-v p} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-p} +@tab @code{org-babel-previous-src-block} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v n} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-n} +@tab @code{org-babel-next-src-block} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v e} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-e} +@tab @code{org-babel-execute-maybe} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v o} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-o} +@tab @code{org-babel-open-src-block-result} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v v} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-v} +@tab @code{org-babel-expand-src-block} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v u} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-u} +@tab @code{org-babel-goto-src-block-head} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v g} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-g} +@tab @code{org-babel-goto-named-src-block} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v r} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-r} +@tab @code{org-babel-goto-named-result} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v b} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-b} +@tab @code{org-babel-execute-buffer} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v s} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-s} +@tab @code{org-babel-execute-subtree} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v d} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-d} +@tab @code{org-babel-demarcate-block} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v t} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-t} +@tab @code{org-babel-tangle} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v f} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-f} +@tab @code{org-babel-tangle-file} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v c} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-c} +@tab @code{org-babel-check-src-block} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v j} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-j} +@tab @code{org-babel-insert-header-arg} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v l} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-l} +@tab @code{org-babel-load-in-session} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v i} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-i} +@tab @code{org-babel-lob-ingest} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v I} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-I} +@tab @code{org-babel-view-src-block-info} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v z} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-z} +@tab @code{org-babel-switch-to-session-with-code} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v a} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-a} +@tab @code{org-babel-sha1-hash} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v h} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} +@tab @code{org-babel-describe-bindings} +@item @kbd{C-c C-v x} or @kbd{C-c C-v C-x} +@tab @code{org-babel-do-key-sequence-in-edit-buffer} +@end multitable + +@node Batch Execution +@section Batch Execution + +@cindex code block, batch execution +@cindex source code, batch execution + +Org mode features, including working with source code facilities can +be invoked from the command line. This enables building shell scripts +for batch processing, running automated system tasks, and expanding +Org mode's usefulness. + +The sample script shows batch processing of multiple files using +@code{org-babel-tangle}. + +@example +#!/bin/sh +# Tangle files with Org mode +# +emacs -Q --batch --eval " + (progn + (require 'ob-tangle) + (dolist (file command-line-args-left) + (with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect file) + (org-babel-tangle)))) + " "$@@" +@end example + +@node Miscellaneous +@chapter Miscellaneous + +@menu +* Completion:: @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} guesses completions. +* Structure Templates:: Quick insertion of structural elements. +* Speed Keys:: Electric commands at the beginning of a headline. +* Clean View:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline. +* Execute commands in the active region:: Execute commands on multiple items in Org or agenda view. +* Dynamic Headline Numbering:: Display and update outline numbering. +* The Very Busy @kbd{C-c C-c} Key:: When in doubt, press @kbd{C-c C-c}. +* In-buffer Settings:: Overview of keywords. +* Regular Expressions:: Elisp regular expressions. +* Org Syntax:: Formal description of Org's syntax. +* Documentation Access:: Read documentation about current syntax. +* Escape Character:: Prevent Org from interpreting your writing. +* Code Evaluation Security:: Org files evaluate in-line code. +* Interaction:: With other Emacs packages. +* TTY Keys:: Using Org on a tty. +* Protocols:: External access to Emacs and Org. +* Org Crypt:: Encrypting Org files. +* Org Mobile:: Viewing and capture on a mobile device. +@end menu + +@node Completion +@section Completion + +@cindex completion, of @TeX{} symbols +@cindex completion, of TODO keywords +@cindex completion, of dictionary words +@cindex completion, of option keywords +@cindex completion, of tags +@cindex completion, of property keys +@cindex completion, of link abbreviations +@cindex @TeX{} symbol completion +@cindex TODO keywords completion +@cindex dictionary word completion +@cindex option keyword completion +@cindex tag completion +@cindex link abbreviations, completion of + +Org has in-buffer completions. Unlike minibuffer completions, which +are useful for quick command interactions, Org's in-buffer completions +are more suitable for content creation in Org documents. Type one or +more letters and invoke the hot key to complete the text in-place. +Depending on the context and the keys, Org offers different types of +completions. No minibuffer is involved. Such mode-specific hot keys +have become an integral part of Emacs and Org provides several +shortcuts. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} +@kindex M-TAB + +Complete word at point. + +@itemize +@item +At the beginning of an empty headline, complete TODO keywords. + +@item +After @samp{\}, complete @TeX{} symbols supported by the exporter. + +@item +After @samp{:} in a headline, complete tags. Org deduces the list of +tags from the @samp{TAGS} in-buffer option (see @ref{Setting Tags}), the +variable @code{org-tag-alist}, or from all tags used in the current +buffer. + +@item +After @samp{:} and not in a headline, complete property keys. The list +of keys is constructed dynamically from all keys used in the +current buffer. + +@item +After @samp{[[}, complete link abbreviations (see @ref{Link Abbreviations}). + +@item +After @samp{[[*}, complete headlines in the current buffer so that they +can be used in search links like: @samp{[[*find this headline]]} + +@item +After @samp{#+}, complete the special keywords like @samp{TYP_TODO} or +file-specific @samp{OPTIONS}. After option keyword is complete, +pressing @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} again inserts example settings for this +keyword. + +@item +After @samp{STARTUP} keyword, complete startup items. + +@item +When point is anywhere else, complete dictionary words using +Ispell. +@end itemize +@end table + +@node Structure Templates +@section Structure Templates + +@cindex template insertion +@cindex insertion, of templates + +With just a few keystrokes, it is possible to insert empty structural +blocks, such as @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} @dots{} @samp{#+END_SRC}, or to wrap existing +text in such a block. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-,} (@code{org-insert-structure-template}) +@findex org-insert-structure-template +@kindex C-c C-, +Prompt for a type of block structure, and insert the block at point. +If the region is active, it is wrapped in the block. First prompts +the user for keys, which are used to look up a structure type from +the variable below. If the key is @kbd{@key{TAB}}, @kbd{@key{RET}}, +or @kbd{@key{SPC}}, the user is prompted to enter a block type. +@end table + +@vindex org-structure-template-alist +Available structure types are defined in +@code{org-structure-template-alist}, see the docstring for adding or +changing values. + +@cindex Tempo +@cindex template expansion +@cindex insertion, of templates +@vindex org-tempo-keywords-alist +Org Tempo expands snippets to structures defined in +@code{org-structure-template-alist} and @code{org-tempo-keywords-alist}. For +example, @kbd{< s @key{TAB}} creates a code block. Enable it by +customizing @code{org-modules} or add @samp{(require 'org-tempo)} to your Emacs +init file@footnote{For more information, please refer to the commentary section +in @samp{org-tempo.el}.}. + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.1 0.9 +@item @kbd{a} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_EXPORT ascii} @dots{} @samp{#+END_EXPORT} +@item @kbd{c} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_CENTER} @dots{} @samp{#+END_CENTER} +@item @kbd{C} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_COMMENT} @dots{} @samp{#+END_COMMENT} +@item @kbd{e} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE} @dots{} @samp{#+END_EXAMPLE} +@item @kbd{E} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_EXPORT} @dots{} @samp{#+END_EXPORT} +@item @kbd{h} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_EXPORT html} @dots{} @samp{#+END_EXPORT} +@item @kbd{l} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex} @dots{} @samp{#+END_EXPORT} +@item @kbd{q} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_QUOTE} @dots{} @samp{#+END_QUOTE} +@item @kbd{s} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} @dots{} @samp{#+END_SRC} +@item @kbd{v} +@tab @samp{#+BEGIN_VERSE} @dots{} @samp{#+END_VERSE} +@end multitable + +@node Speed Keys +@section Speed Keys + +@cindex speed keys + +Single keystrokes can execute custom commands in an Org file when +point is on a headline. Without the extra burden of a meta or +modifier key, Speed Keys can speed navigation or execute custom +commands. Besides faster navigation, Speed Keys may come in handy on +small mobile devices that do not have full keyboards. Speed Keys may +also work on TTY devices known for their problems when entering Emacs +key chords. + +@vindex org-use-speed-commands +By default, Org has Speed Keys disabled. To activate Speed Keys, set +the variable @code{org-use-speed-commands} to a non-@code{nil} value. To +trigger a Speed Key, point must be at the beginning of an Org +headline, before any of the stars. + +@vindex org-speed-commands +@findex org-speed-command-help +Org comes with a pre-defined list of Speed Keys. To add or modify +Speed Keys, customize the option @code{org-speed-commands}. For more +details, see the variable's docstring. With Speed Keys activated, +@kbd{M-x org-speed-command-help}, or @kbd{?} when point is at the +beginning of an Org headline, shows currently active Speed Keys, +including the user-defined ones. + +@node Clean View +@section A Cleaner Outline View + +@cindex hiding leading stars +@cindex dynamic indentation +@cindex odd-levels-only outlines +@cindex clean outline view + +Org's outline with stars and no indents can look cluttered for short +documents. For @emph{book-like} long documents, the effect is not as +noticeable. Org provides an alternate stars and indentation scheme, +as shown on the right in the following table. It displays only one +star and indents text to line up with the heading: + +@example +* Top level headline | * Top level headline +** Second level | * Second level +*** Third level | * Third level +some text | some text +*** Third level | * Third level +more text | more text +* Another top level headline | * Another top level headline +@end example + +Org can achieve this in two ways, (1) by just displaying the buffer in +this way without changing it, or (2) by actually indenting every line +in the desired amount with hard spaces and hiding leading stars. + +@menu +* Org Indent Mode:: +* Hard indentation:: +@end menu + +@node Org Indent Mode +@subsection Org Indent Mode + +@cindex Indent mode +@findex org-indent-mode +To display the buffer in the indented view, activate Org Indent minor +mode, using @kbd{M-x org-indent-mode}. Text lines that are not +headlines are prefixed with virtual spaces to vertically align with +the headline text@footnote{Org Indent mode also sets @code{wrap-prefix} correctly for +indenting and wrapping long lines of headlines or text. This minor +mode also handles Visual Line mode and directly applied settings +through @code{word-wrap}.}. + +@vindex org-indent-indentation-per-level +To make more horizontal space, the headlines are shifted by two +characters. Configure @code{org-indent-indentation-per-level} variable for +a different number. + +@vindex org-indent-mode-turns-on-hiding-stars +@vindex org-indent-mode-turns-off-org-adapt-indentation +By default, Org Indent mode turns off @code{org-adapt-indentation} and does +hide leading stars by locally setting @code{org-hide-leading-stars} to @code{t}: +only one star on each headline is visible, the rest are masked with +the same font color as the background. If you want to customize this +default behavior, see @code{org-indent-mode-turns-on-hiding-stars} and +@code{org-indent-mode-turns-off-org-adapt-indentation}. + +@vindex org-startup-indented +To globally turn on Org Indent mode for all files, customize the +variable @code{org-startup-indented}. To control it for individual files, +use @samp{STARTUP} keyword as follows: + +@example +#+STARTUP: indent +#+STARTUP: noindent +@end example + +@node Hard indentation +@subsection Hard indentation + +It is possible to use hard spaces to achieve the indentation instead, +if the bare ASCII file should have the indented look also outside +Emacs@footnote{This works, but requires extra effort. Org Indent mode is +more convenient for most applications.}. With Org's support, you have to indent all lines to +line up with the outline headers. You would use these +settings@footnote{@code{org-adapt-indentation} can also be set to @samp{'headline-data}, +in which case only data lines below the headline will be indented.}: + +@lisp +(setq org-adapt-indentation t + org-hide-leading-stars t + org-odd-levels-only t) +@end lisp + +@table @asis +@item @emph{Indentation of text below headlines} (@code{org-adapt-indentation}) +@vindex org-adapt-indentation +The first setting modifies paragraph filling, line wrapping, and +structure editing commands to preserving or adapting the indentation +as appropriate. + +@item @emph{Hiding leading stars} (@code{org-hide-leading-stars}) +@vindex org-hide-leading-stars +@vindex org-hide, face +The second setting makes leading stars invisible by applying the +face @code{org-hide} to them. For per-file preference, use these file +@samp{STARTUP} options: + +@example +#+STARTUP: hidestars +#+STARTUP: showstars +@end example + +@item @emph{Odd levels} (@code{org-odd-levels-only}) +@vindex org-odd-levels-only +The third setting makes Org use only odd levels, 1, 3, 5, @dots{}, in +the outline to create more indentation. On a per-file level, +control this with: + +@example +#+STARTUP: odd +#+STARTUP: oddeven +@end example + +To convert a file between single and double stars layouts, use +@kbd{M-x org-convert-to-odd-levels} and @kbd{M-x org-convert-to-oddeven-levels}. +@end table + +@node Execute commands in the active region +@section Execute commands in the active region + +@vindex org-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region +When in an Org buffer and the region is active, some commands will +apply to all the subtrees in the active region. For example, hitting +@kbd{C-c C-s} when multiple headlines are within the active region will +successively prompt you for a new schedule date and time. To disable +this, set the option @code{org-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region} to +non-@code{t}, activate the region and run the command normally. + +@vindex org-agenda-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region +@code{org-agenda-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region} is the equivalent +option of the agenda buffer, where you can also use @ref{Bulk remote editing selected entries, , bulk editing of +selected entries}. + +Not all commands can loop in the active region and what subtrees or +headlines are considered can be refined: see the docstrings of these +options for more details. + +@node Dynamic Headline Numbering +@section Dynamic Headline Numbering + +@cindex Org Num mode +@cindex number headlines +The Org Num minor mode, toggled with @kbd{M-x org-num-mode}, +displays outline numbering on top of headlines. It also updates it +automatically upon changes to the structure of the document. + +@vindex org-num-max-level +@vindex org-num-skip-tags +@vindex org-num-skip-commented +@vindex org-num-skip-unnumbered +By default, all headlines are numbered. You can limit numbering to +specific headlines according to their level, tags, @samp{COMMENT} keyword, +or @samp{UNNUMBERED} property. Set @code{org-num-max-level}, +@code{org-num-skip-tags}, @code{org-num-skip-commented}, +@code{org-num-skip-unnumbered}, or @code{org-num-skip-footnotes} accordingly. + +@vindex org-num-skip-footnotes +If @code{org-num-skip-footnotes} is non-@code{nil}, footnotes sections (see +@ref{Creating Footnotes}) are not numbered either. + +@vindex org-num-face +@vindex org-num-format-function +You can control how the numbering is displayed by setting +@code{org-num-face} and @code{org-num-format-function}. + +@vindex org-startup-numerated +You can also turn this mode globally for all Org files by setting the +option @code{org-startup-numerated} to @samp{t}, or locally on a file by using +@samp{#+startup: num}. + +@node The Very Busy @kbd{C-c C-c} Key +@section The Very Busy @kbd{C-c C-c} Key + +@kindex C-c C-c +@cindex @kbd{C-c C-c}, overview + +The @kbd{C-c C-c} key in Org serves many purposes depending on +the context. It is probably the most over-worked, multi-purpose key +combination in Org. Its uses are well documented throughout this +manual, but here is a consolidated list for easy reference. + +@itemize +@item +If column view (see @ref{Column View}) is on, exit column view. + +@item +If any highlights shown in the buffer from the creation of a sparse +tree, or from clock display, remove such highlights. + +@item +If point is in one of the special @samp{KEYWORD} lines, scan the buffer +for these lines and update the information. Also reset the Org file +cache used to temporary store the contents of URLs used as values +for keywords like @samp{SETUPFILE}. + +@item +If point is inside a table, realign the table. + +@item +If point is on a @samp{TBLFM} keyword, re-apply the formulas to the +entire table. + +@item +If the current buffer is a capture buffer, close the note and file +it. With a prefix argument, also jump to the target location after +saving the note. + +@item +If point is on a @samp{<<>>}, update radio targets and +corresponding links in this buffer. + +@item +If point is on a property line or at the start or end of a property +drawer, offer property commands. + +@item +If point is at a footnote reference, go to the corresponding +definition, and @emph{vice versa}. + +@item +If point is on a statistics cookie, update it. + +@item +If point is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the status +of the checkbox. + +@item +If point is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the ordered +list. + +@item +If point is on the @samp{#+BEGIN} line of a dynamic block, the block is +updated. + +@item +If point is at a timestamp, fix the day name in the timestamp. +@end itemize + +@node In-buffer Settings +@section Summary of In-Buffer Settings + +@cindex in-buffer settings +@cindex special keywords + +In-buffer settings start with @samp{#+}, followed by a keyword, a colon, +and then a word for each setting. Org accepts multiple settings on +the same line. Org also accepts multiple lines for a keyword. This +manual describes these settings throughout. A summary follows here. + +@cindex refresh set-up +@kbd{C-c C-c} activates any changes to the in-buffer settings. +Closing and reopening the Org file in Emacs also activates the +changes. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::} +@cindex @samp{ARCHIVE}, keyword +@vindex org-archive-location +Sets the archive location of the agenda file. The corresponding +variable is @code{org-archive-location}. + +@item @samp{#+CATEGORY} +@cindex @samp{CATEGORY}, keyword +Sets the category of the agenda file, which applies to the entire +document. + +@item @samp{#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM ...} +@cindex @samp{COLUMNS}, property +Set the default format for columns view. This format applies when +columns view is invoked in locations where no @samp{COLUMNS} property +applies. + +@item @samp{#+CONSTANTS: name1=value1 ...} +@cindex @samp{CONSTANTS}, keyword +@vindex org-table-formula-constants +@vindex org-table-formula +Set file-local values for constants that table formulas can use. +This line sets the local variable +@code{org-table-formula-constants-local}. The global version of this +variable is @code{org-table-formula-constants}. + +@item @samp{#+FILETAGS: :tag1:tag2:tag3:} +@cindex @samp{FILETAGS}, keyword +Set tags that all entries in the file inherit from, including the +top-level entries. + +@item @samp{#+LINK: linkword replace} +@cindex @samp{LINK}, keyword +@vindex org-link-abbrev-alist +Each line specifies one abbreviation for one link. Use multiple +@samp{LINK} keywords for more, see @ref{Link Abbreviations}. The +corresponding variable is @code{org-link-abbrev-alist}. + +@item @samp{#+PRIORITIES: highest lowest default} +@cindex @samp{PRIORITIES}, keyword +@vindex org-priority-highest +@vindex org-priority-lowest +@vindex org-priority-default +This line sets the limits and the default for the priorities. All +three must be either letters A--Z or numbers 0--9. The highest +priority must have a lower ASCII number than the lowest priority. + +@item @samp{#+PROPERTY: Property_Name Value} +@cindex @samp{PROPERTY}, keyword +This line sets a default inheritance value for entries in the +current buffer, most useful for specifying the allowed values of +a property. + +@item @samp{#+SETUPFILE: file} +@cindex @samp{SETUPFILE}, keyword +The setup file or a URL pointing to such file is for additional +in-buffer settings. Org loads this file and parses it for any +settings in it only when Org opens the main file. If URL is +specified, the contents are downloaded and stored in a temporary +file cache. @kbd{C-c C-c} on the settings line parses and +loads the file, and also resets the temporary file cache. Org also +parses and loads the document during normal exporting process. Org +parses the contents of this document as if it was included in the +buffer. It can be another Org file. To visit the file---not +a URL---use @kbd{C-c '} while point is on the line with the +file name. + +@item @samp{#+STARTUP:} +@cindex @samp{STARTUP}, keyword +Startup options Org uses when first visiting a file. + +@vindex org-startup-folded +The first set of options deals with the initial visibility of the +outline tree. The corresponding variable for global default +settings is @code{org-startup-folded} with a default value of +@code{showeverything}. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{overview} +@tab Top-level headlines only. +@item @samp{content} +@tab All headlines. +@item @samp{showall} +@tab No folding on any entry. +@item @samp{show2levels} +@tab Headline levels 1-2. +@item @samp{show3levels} +@tab Headline levels 1-3. +@item @samp{show4levels} +@tab Headline levels 1-4. +@item @samp{show5levels} +@tab Headline levels 1-5. +@item @samp{showeverything} +@tab Show even drawer contents. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-startup-indented +Dynamic virtual indentation is controlled by the variable +@code{org-startup-indented}@footnote{Note that Org Indent mode also sets the @code{wrap-prefix} +property, such that Visual Line mode (or purely setting @code{word-wrap}) +wraps long lines, including headlines, correctly indented.}. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{indent} +@tab Start with Org Indent mode turned on. +@item @samp{noindent} +@tab Start with Org Indent mode turned off. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-startup-numerated +Dynamic virtual numeration of headlines is controlled by the variable +@code{org-startup-numerated}. + +@multitable {aaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{num} +@tab Start with Org num mode turned on. +@item @samp{nonum} +@tab Start with Org num mode turned off. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-startup-align-all-tables +Aligns tables consistently upon visiting a file. The +corresponding variable is @code{org-startup-align-all-tables} with +@code{nil} as default value. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{align} +@tab Align all tables. +@item @samp{noalign} +@tab Do not align tables on startup. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-startup-shrink-all-tables +Shrink table columns with a width cookie. The corresponding +variable is @code{org-startup-shrink-all-tables} with @code{nil} as +default value. + +@vindex org-startup-with-inline-images +When visiting a file, inline images can be automatically +displayed. The corresponding variable is +@code{org-startup-with-inline-images}, with a default value @code{nil} to +avoid delays when visiting a file. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{inlineimages} +@tab Show inline images. +@item @samp{noinlineimages} +@tab Do not show inline images on startup. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-log-done +@vindex org-log-note-clock-out +@vindex org-log-repeat +Logging the closing and reopening of TODO items and clock +intervals can be configured using these options (see variables +@code{org-log-done}, @code{org-log-note-clock-out}, and @code{org-log-repeat}). + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{logdone} +@tab Record a timestamp when an item is marked as done. +@item @samp{lognotedone} +@tab Record timestamp and a note when DONE@. +@item @samp{nologdone} +@tab Do not record when items are marked as done. +@item @samp{logrepeat} +@tab Record a time when reinstating a repeating item. +@item @samp{lognoterepeat} +@tab Record a note when reinstating a repeating item. +@item @samp{nologrepeat} +@tab Do not record when reinstating repeating item. +@item @samp{lognoteclock-out} +@tab Record a note when clocking out. +@item @samp{nolognoteclock-out} +@tab Do not record a note when clocking out. +@item @samp{logreschedule} +@tab Record a timestamp when scheduling time changes. +@item @samp{lognotereschedule} +@tab Record a note when scheduling time changes. +@item @samp{nologreschedule} +@tab Do not record when a scheduling date changes. +@item @samp{logredeadline} +@tab Record a timestamp when deadline changes. +@item @samp{lognoteredeadline} +@tab Record a note when deadline changes. +@item @samp{nologredeadline} +@tab Do not record when a deadline date changes. +@item @samp{logrefile} +@tab Record a timestamp when refiling. +@item @samp{lognoterefile} +@tab Record a note when refiling. +@item @samp{nologrefile} +@tab Do not record when refiling. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-hide-leading-stars +@vindex org-odd-levels-only +Here are the options for hiding leading stars in outline +headings, and for indenting outlines. The corresponding +variables are @code{org-hide-leading-stars} and +@code{org-odd-levels-only}, both with a default setting @code{nil} +(meaning @samp{showstars} and @samp{oddeven}). + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{hidestars} +@tab Make all but one of the stars starting a headline invisible. +@item @samp{showstars} +@tab Show all stars starting a headline. +@item @samp{indent} +@tab Virtual indentation according to outline level. +@item @samp{noindent} +@tab No virtual indentation according to outline level. +@item @samp{odd} +@tab Allow only odd outline levels (1, 3, @dots{}). +@item @samp{oddeven} +@tab Allow all outline levels. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-put-time-stamp-overlays +@vindex org-time-stamp-overlay-formats +To turn on custom format overlays over timestamps (variables +@code{org-put-time-stamp-overlays} and +@code{org-time-stamp-overlay-formats}), use: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{customtime} +@tab Overlay custom time format. +@end multitable + +@vindex constants-unit-system +The following options influence the table spreadsheet (variable +@code{constants-unit-system}). + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{constcgs} +@tab @samp{constants.el} should use the c-g-s unit system. +@item @samp{constSI} +@tab @samp{constants.el} should use the SI unit system. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-footnote-define-inline +@vindex org-footnote-auto-label +@vindex org-footnote-auto-adjust +To influence footnote settings, use the following keywords. The +corresponding variables are @code{org-footnote-define-inline}, +@code{org-footnote-auto-label}, and @code{org-footnote-auto-adjust}. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{fninline} +@tab Define footnotes inline. +@item @samp{fnnoinline} +@tab Define footnotes in separate section. +@item @samp{fnlocal} +@tab Define footnotes near first reference, but not inline. +@item @samp{fnprompt} +@tab Prompt for footnote labels. +@item @samp{fnauto} +@tab Create @samp{[fn:1]}-like labels automatically (default). +@item @samp{fnconfirm} +@tab Offer automatic label for editing or confirmation. +@item @samp{fnadjust} +@tab Automatically renumber and sort footnotes. +@item @samp{nofnadjust} +@tab Do not renumber and sort automatically. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-hide-block-startup +To hide blocks on startup, use these keywords. The +corresponding variable is @code{org-hide-block-startup}. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{hideblocks} +@tab Hide all begin/end blocks on startup. +@item @samp{nohideblocks} +@tab Do not hide blocks on startup. +@end multitable + +@vindex org-pretty-entities +The display of entities as UTF-8 characters is governed by the +variable @code{org-pretty-entities} and the keywords + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{entitiespretty} +@tab Show entities as UTF-8 characters where possible. +@item @samp{entitiesplain} +@tab Leave entities plain. +@end multitable + +@item @samp{#+TAGS: TAG1(c1) TAG2(c2)} +@cindex @samp{TAGS}, keyword +@vindex org-tag-alist +These lines (several such lines are allowed) specify the valid tags +in this file, and (potentially) the corresponding @emph{fast tag +selection} keys. The corresponding variable is @code{org-tag-alist}. + +@item @samp{#+TODO:} +@itemx @samp{#+SEQ_TODO:} +@itemx @samp{#+TYP_TODO:} +@cindex @samp{SEQ_TODO}, keyword +@cindex @samp{TODO}, keyword +@cindex @samp{TYP_TODO}, keyword +@vindex org-todo-keywords +These lines set the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the +current file. The corresponding variable is @code{org-todo-keywords}. +@end table + +@node Regular Expressions +@section Regular Expressions + +@cindex regular expressions syntax +@cindex regular expressions, in searches + +Org, as an Emacs mode, makes use of Elisp regular expressions for +searching, matching and filtering. Elisp regular expressions have a +somewhat different syntax then some common standards. Most notably, +alternation is indicated using @samp{\|} and matching groups are denoted by +@samp{\(...\)}. For example the string @samp{home\|work} matches either @samp{home} +or @samp{work}. + +For more information, see @ref{Regexps,Regular Expressions in Emacs,,emacs,}. + +@node Org Syntax +@section Org Syntax + +A reference document providing a formal description of Org's syntax is +available as @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-syntax.html, a draft on Worg}, written and maintained by Nicolas +Goaziou. It defines Org's core internal concepts such as ``headlines'', +``sections'', ``affiliated keywords'', ``(greater) elements'' and ``objects''. +Each part of an Org document belongs to one of the previous +categories. + +To explore the abstract structure of an Org buffer, run this in +a buffer: + +@example +M-: (org-element-parse-buffer) +@end example + + +@noindent +It outputs a list containing the buffer's content represented as an +abstract structure. The export engine relies on the information +stored in this list. Most interactive commands---e.g., for structure +editing---also rely on the syntactic meaning of the surrounding +context. + +@cindex syntax checker +@cindex linter +@findex org-lint +You can probe the syntax of your documents with the command + +@example +M-x org-lint +@end example + + +@noindent +It runs a number of checks to find common mistakes. It then displays +their location in a dedicated buffer, along with a description and +a ``trust level'', since false-positive are possible. From there, you +can operate on the reports with the following keys: + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.22 0.78 +@item @kbd{C-j}, @kbd{@key{TAB}} +@tab Display the offending line +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} +@tab Move point to the offending line +@item @kbd{g} +@tab Check the document again +@item @kbd{h} +@tab Hide all reports from the same checker +@item @kbd{i} +@tab Also remove them from all subsequent checks +@item @kbd{S} +@tab Sort reports by the column at point +@end multitable + +@node Documentation Access +@section Context Dependent Documentation + +@cindex documentation +@cindex Info + +@findex org-info-find-node +@kindex C-c C-x I +@kbd{C-c C-x I} in an Org file tries to open a suitable section +of the Org manual depending on the syntax at point. For example, +using it on a headline displays ``Document Structure'' section. + +@kbd{q} closes the Info window. + +@node Escape Character +@section Escape Character + +@cindex escape character +@cindex zero width space +You may sometimes want to write text that looks like Org syntax, but +should really read as plain text. Org may use a specific escape +character in some situations, i.e., a backslash in macros (see @ref{Macro Replacement}) and links (see @ref{Link Format}), or a comma in source and +example blocks (see @ref{Literal Examples}). In the general case, however, +we suggest to use the zero width space. You can insert one with any +of the following: + +@example +C-x 8 zero width space +C-x 8 200B +@end example + + +For example, in order to write @samp{[[1,2]]} as-is in your document, you +may write instead + +@example +[X[1,2]] +@end example + + +where @samp{X} denotes the zero width space character. + +@node Code Evaluation Security +@section Code Evaluation and Security Issues + +Unlike plain text, running code comes with risk. Each source code +block, in terms of risk, is equivalent to an executable file. Org +therefore puts a few confirmation prompts by default. This is to +alert the casual user from accidentally running untrusted code. + +For users who do not run code blocks or write code regularly, Org's +default settings should suffice. However, some users may want to +tweak the prompts for fewer interruptions. To weigh the risks of +automatic execution of code blocks, here are some details about code +evaluation. + +Org evaluates code in the following circumstances: + +@table @asis +@item @emph{Source code blocks} +Org evaluates source code blocks in an Org file during export. Org +also evaluates a source code block with the @kbd{C-c C-c} key +chord. Users exporting or running code blocks must load files only +from trusted sources. Be wary of customizing variables that remove +or alter default security measures. + +@defopt org-confirm-babel-evaluate +When @code{t}, Org prompts the user for confirmation before executing +each code block. When @code{nil}, Org executes code blocks without +prompting the user for confirmation. When this option is set to +a custom function, Org invokes the function with these two +arguments: the source code language and the body of the code block. +The custom function must return either a @code{t} or @code{nil}, which +determines if the user is prompted. Each source code language can +be handled separately through this function argument. +@end defopt + +For example, here is how to execute ditaa code blocks without +prompting: + +@lisp +(defun my-org-confirm-babel-evaluate (lang body) + (not (string= lang "ditaa"))) ;don't ask for ditaa +(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate #'my-org-confirm-babel-evaluate) +@end lisp + +@item @emph{Following @samp{shell} and @samp{elisp} links} +Org has two link types that can directly evaluate code (see +@ref{External Links}). Because such code is not visible, these links +have a potential risk. Org therefore prompts the user when it +encounters such links. The customization variables are: + +@defopt org-link-shell-confirm-function +Function that prompts the user before executing a shell link. +@end defopt + +@defopt org-link-elisp-confirm-function +Function that prompts the user before executing an Emacs Lisp link. +@end defopt + +@item @emph{Formulas in tables} +Formulas in tables (see @ref{The Spreadsheet}) are code that is evaluated +either by the Calc interpreter, or by the Emacs Lisp interpreter. +@end table + +@node Interaction +@section Interaction with Other Packages + +@cindex packages, interaction with other + +Org's compatibility and the level of interaction with other Emacs +packages are documented here. + +@menu +* Cooperation:: Packages Org cooperates with. +* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts. +@end menu + +@node Cooperation +@subsection Packages that Org cooperates with + +@table @asis +@item @samp{calc.el} by Dave Gillespie +@cindex @file{calc.el} + +Org uses the Calc package for implementing spreadsheet functionality +in its tables (see @ref{The Spreadsheet}). Org also uses Calc for +embedded calculations. See @ref{Embedded Mode,GNU Emacs Calc Manual,,calc,}. + +@item @samp{constants.el} by Carsten Dominik +@cindex @file{constants.el} +@vindex org-table-formula-constants + +Org can use names for constants in formulas in tables. Org can also +use calculation suffixes for units, such as @samp{M} for @samp{Mega}. For +a standard collection of such constants, install the @samp{constants} +package. Install version 2.0 of this package, available at +@uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools}. Org checks if the function +@code{constants-get} has been autoloaded. Installation instructions are +in the file @samp{constants.el}. + +@item @samp{cdlatex.el} by Carsten Dominik +@cindex @file{cdlatex.el} + +Org mode can make use of the CD@LaTeX{} package to efficiently enter +@LaTeX{} fragments into Org files. See @ref{CD@LaTeX{} mode}. + +@item @samp{imenu.el} by Ake Stenhoff and Lars Lindberg +@cindex @file{imenu.el} + +Imenu creates dynamic menus based on an index of items in a file. +Org mode supports Imenu menus. Enable it with a mode hook as +follows: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook + (lambda () (imenu-add-to-menubar "Imenu"))) +@end lisp + +@vindex org-imenu-depth +By default the index is two levels deep---you can modify the +depth using the option @code{org-imenu-depth}. + +@item @samp{speedbar.el} by Eric@tie{}M@.@tie{}Ludlam +@cindex @file{speedbar.el} + +Speedbar package creates a special Emacs frame for displaying files +and index items in files. Org mode supports Speedbar; users can +drill into Org files directly from the Speedbar. The @kbd{<} +in the Speedbar frame tweaks the agenda commands to that file or to +a subtree. + +@item @samp{table.el} by Takaaki Ota +@cindex table editor, @file{table.el} +@cindex @file{table.el} + +Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and +row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table +package by Takaaki Ota. Org mode recognizes such tables and exports +them properly. @kbd{C-c '} to edit these tables in a special +buffer, much like Org's code blocks. Because of interference with +other Org mode functionality, Takaaki Ota tables cannot be edited +directly in the Org buffer. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c '} (@code{org-edit-special}) +@kindex C-c ' +@findex org-edit-special +Edit a @samp{table.el} table. Works when point is in a @samp{table.el} +table. + +@item @kbd{C-c ~​} (@code{org-table-create-with-table.el}) +@kindex C-c ~ +@findex org-table-create-with-table.el +Insert a @samp{table.el} table. If there is already a table at point, +this command converts it between the @samp{table.el} format and the Org +mode format. See the documentation string of the command +@code{org-convert-table} for the restrictions under which this is +possible. +@end table +@end table + +@node Conflicts +@subsection Packages that conflict with Org mode + +@cindex shift-selection +@vindex org-support-shift-select +In Emacs, shift-selection combines motions of point with shift key to +enlarge regions. Emacs sets this mode by default. This conflicts +with Org's use of @kbd{S-} commands to change timestamps, +TODO keywords, priorities, and item bullet types, etc. Since +@kbd{S-} commands outside of specific contexts do not do +anything, Org offers the variable @code{org-support-shift-select} for +customization. Org mode accommodates shift selection by (i) making it +available outside of the special contexts where special commands +apply, and (ii) extending an existing active region even if point +moves across a special context. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{cua.el} by Kim@tie{}F@.@tie{}Storm +@cindex @file{cua.el} +@vindex org-replace-disputed-keys +Org key bindings conflict with @kbd{S-} keys used by +CUA mode. For Org to relinquish these bindings to CUA mode, +configure the variable @code{org-replace-disputed-keys}. When set, Org +moves the following key bindings in Org files, and in the agenda +buffer---but not during date selection. + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.4 0.4 +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} @result{} @kbd{M-p} +@tab @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} @result{} @kbd{M-n} +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} @result{} @kbd{M--} +@tab @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} @result{} @kbd{M-+} +@item @kbd{C-S-@key{LEFT}} @result{} @kbd{M-S--} +@tab @kbd{C-S-@key{RIGHT}} @result{} @kbd{M-S-+} +@end multitable + +@vindex org-disputed-keys +Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you +want to have other replacement keys, look at the variable +@code{org-disputed-keys}. + +@item @samp{ecomplete.el} by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen +@cindex @file{ecomplete.el} +Ecomplete provides ``electric'' address completion in address header +lines in message buffers. Sadly Orgtbl mode cuts Ecomplete's power +supply: no completion happens when Orgtbl mode is enabled in message +buffers while entering text in address header lines. If one wants +to use ecomplete one should @emph{not} follow the advice to automagically +turn on Orgtbl mode in message buffers (see @ref{Orgtbl Mode}), +but instead---after filling in the message headers---turn on Orgtbl +mode manually when needed in the messages body. + +@item @samp{filladapt.el} by Kyle Jones +@cindex @file{filladapt.el} +Org mode tries to do the right thing when filling paragraphs, list +items and other elements. Many users reported problems using both +@samp{filladapt.el} and Org mode, so a safe thing to do is to disable +filladapt like this: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-off-filladapt-mode) +@end lisp + +@item @samp{viper.el} by Michael Kifer +@cindex @file{viper.el} +@kindex C-c / + +Viper uses @kbd{C-c /} and therefore makes this key not access +the corresponding Org mode command @code{org-sparse-tree}. You need to +find another key for this command, or override the key in +@code{viper-vi-global-user-map} with + +@lisp +(define-key viper-vi-global-user-map "C-c /" 'org-sparse-tree) +@end lisp + +@item @samp{windmove.el} by Hovav Shacham +@cindex @file{windmove.el} + +This package also uses the @kbd{S-} keys, so everything +written in the paragraph above about CUA mode also applies here. If +you want to make the windmove function active in locations where Org +mode does not have special functionality on @kbd{S-}, +add this to your configuration: + +@lisp +;; Make windmove work in Org mode: +(add-hook 'org-shiftup-final-hook 'windmove-up) +(add-hook 'org-shiftleft-final-hook 'windmove-left) +(add-hook 'org-shiftdown-final-hook 'windmove-down) +(add-hook 'org-shiftright-final-hook 'windmove-right) +@end lisp + +@item @samp{yasnippet.el} +@cindex @file{yasnippet.el} +The way Org mode binds the @kbd{@key{TAB}} key (binding to @code{[tab]} +instead of @code{"\t"}) overrules YASnippet's access to this key. The +following code fixed this problem: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook + (lambda () + (setq-local yas/trigger-key [tab]) + (define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field-or-maybe-expand))) +@end lisp + +The latest version of YASnippet does not play well with Org mode. +If the above code does not fix the conflict, start by defining +the following function: + +@lisp +(defun yas/org-very-safe-expand () + (let ((yas/fallback-behavior 'return-nil)) (yas/expand))) +@end lisp + +Then, tell Org mode to use that function: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook + (lambda () + (make-variable-buffer-local 'yas/trigger-key) + (setq yas/trigger-key [tab]) + (add-to-list 'org-tab-first-hook 'yas/org-very-safe-expand) + (define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field))) +@end lisp +@end table + +@node TTY Keys +@section Using Org on a TTY + +@cindex tty key bindings + +Org provides alternative key bindings for TTY and modern mobile +devices that cannot perform movement commands on point and key +bindings with modifier keys. Some of these workarounds may be more +cumbersome than necessary. Users should look into customizing these +further based on their usage needs. For example, the normal +@kbd{S-} for editing timestamp might be better with +@kbd{C-c .} chord. + +@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.28 0.15 0.21 +@headitem Default +@tab Alternative 1 +@tab Speed key +@tab Alternative 2 +@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} +@tab @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}} +@tab @kbd{C} +@tab +@item @kbd{M-@key{LEFT}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x l} +@tab @kbd{l} +@tab @kbd{Esc @key{LEFT}} +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{LEFT}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x L} +@tab @kbd{L} +@tab +@item @kbd{M-@key{RIGHT}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x r} +@tab @kbd{r} +@tab @kbd{Esc @key{RIGHT}} +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RIGHT}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x R} +@tab @kbd{R} +@tab +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x u} +@tab +@tab @kbd{Esc @key{UP}} +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{UP}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x U} +@tab @kbd{U} +@tab +@item @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x d} +@tab +@tab @kbd{Esc @key{DOWN}} +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{DOWN}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x D} +@tab @kbd{D} +@tab +@item @kbd{S-@key{RET}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x c} +@tab +@tab +@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x m} +@tab +@tab @kbd{Esc @key{RET}} +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x M} +@tab +@tab +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@tab @kbd{C-c @key{LEFT}} +@tab +@tab +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +@tab @kbd{C-c @key{RIGHT}} +@tab +@tab +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} +@tab @kbd{C-c @key{UP}} +@tab +@tab +@item @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} +@tab @kbd{C-c @key{DOWN}} +@tab +@tab +@item @kbd{C-S-@key{LEFT}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{LEFT}} +@tab +@tab +@item @kbd{C-S-@key{RIGHT}} +@tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{RIGHT}} +@tab +@tab +@end multitable + +@node Protocols +@section Protocols for External Access + +@cindex protocols, for external access + +Org protocol is a tool to trigger custom actions in Emacs from +external applications. Any application that supports calling external +programs with an URL as argument may be used with this functionality. +For example, you can configure bookmarks in your web browser to send a +link to the current page to Org and create a note from it using +capture (see @ref{Capture}). You can also create a bookmark that tells +Emacs to open the local source file of a remote website you are +browsing. + +@cindex Org protocol, set-up +@cindex Installing Org protocol +In order to use Org protocol from an application, you need to register +@samp{org-protocol://} as a valid scheme-handler. External calls are +passed to Emacs through the @samp{emacsclient} command, so you also need to +ensure an Emacs server is running. More precisely, when the +application calls + +@example +emacsclient "org-protocol://PROTOCOL?key1=val1&key2=val2" +@end example + + +@noindent +Emacs calls the handler associated to @var{PROTOCOL} with +argument @samp{(:key1 val1 :key2 val2)}. + +@cindex protocol, new protocol +@cindex defining new protocols +Org protocol comes with three predefined protocols, detailed in the +following sections. Configure @code{org-protocol-protocol-alist} to define +your own. + +@menu +* The @code{store-link} protocol:: Store a link, push URL to kill-ring. +* The @code{capture} protocol:: Fill a buffer with external information. +* The @code{open-source} protocol:: Edit published contents. +@end menu + +@node The @code{store-link} protocol +@subsection The @code{store-link} protocol + +@cindex store-link protocol +@cindex protocol, store-link + +Using the @code{store-link} handler, you can copy links, to that they can +be inserted using @kbd{M-x org-insert-link} or yanking. More +precisely, the command + +@example +emacsclient "org-protocol://store-link?url=URL&title=TITLE" +@end example + + +@noindent +stores the following link: + +@example +[[URL][TITLE]] +@end example + + +In addition, @var{URL} is pushed on the kill-ring for yanking. +You need to encode @var{URL} and @var{TITLE} if they contain +slashes, and probably quote those for the shell. + +To use this feature from a browser, add a bookmark with an arbitrary +name, e.g., @samp{Org: store-link} and enter this as @emph{Location}: + +@example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://store-link?' + + new URLSearchParams(@{url:location.href, title:document.title@}); +@end example + +Title is an optional parameter. Another expression was recommended earlier: + +@example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://store-link?url='+ + encodeURIComponent(location.href); +@end example + +The latter form is compatible with older Org versions from 9.0 to 9.4. + +@node The @code{capture} protocol +@subsection The @code{capture} protocol + +@cindex capture protocol +@cindex protocol, capture + +Activating the ``capture'' handler pops up a @samp{Capture} buffer in Emacs, +using acapture template. + +@example +emacsclient "org-protocol://capture?template=X&url=URL&title=TITLE&body=BODY" +@end example + + +To use this feature, add a bookmark with an arbitrary name, e.g., +@samp{Org: capture}, and enter this as @samp{Location}: + +@example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://capture?' + + new URLSearchParams(@{ + template: 'x', url: window.location.href, + title: document.title, body: window.getSelection()@}); +@end example + +You might have seen another expression: + +@example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://capture?template=x'+ + '&url='+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)+ + '&title='+encodeURIComponent(document.title)+ + '&body='+encodeURIComponent(window.getSelection()); +@end example + +It is a bit more cluttered than the former one, but it is compatible +with previous Org versions 9.0-9.4. In these versions encoding of +space as ``+'' character was not supported by URI decoder. + +@vindex org-protocol-default-template-key +The capture template to be used can be specified in the bookmark (like +@samp{X} above). If unspecified, the template key is set in the variable +@code{org-protocol-default-template-key}. The following template +placeholders are available: + +@example +%:link The URL +%:description The webpage title +%:annotation Equivalent to [[%:link][%:description]] +%i The selected text +@end example + +@node The @code{open-source} protocol +@subsection The @code{open-source} protocol + +@cindex open-source protocol +@cindex protocol, open-source + +The @code{open-source} handler is designed to help with editing local +sources when reading a document. To that effect, you can use +a bookmark with the following location: + +@example +javascript:location.href='org-protocol://open-source?&url='+ + encodeURIComponent(location.href) +@end example + +@vindex org-protocol-project-alist +The variable @code{org-protocol-project-alist} maps URLs to local file +names, by stripping URL parameters from the end and replacing the +@code{:base-url} with @code{:working-directory} and @code{:online-suffix} with +@code{:working-suffix}. For example, assuming you own a local copy of +@samp{https://orgmode.org/worg/} contents at @samp{/home/user/worg}, you can set +@code{org-protocol-project-alist} to the following + +@lisp +(setq org-protocol-project-alist + '(("Worg" + :base-url "https://orgmode.org/worg/" + :working-directory "/home/user/worg/" + :online-suffix ".html" + :working-suffix ".org"))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +If you are now browsing +@samp{https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/org-protocol.html} and find +a typo or have an idea about how to enhance the documentation, simply +click the bookmark and start editing. + +@cindex rewritten URL in open-source protocol +@cindex protocol, open-source rewritten URL +However, such mapping may not always yield the desired results. +Suppose you maintain an online store located at @samp{https://example.com/}. +The local sources reside in @samp{/home/user/example/}. It is common +practice to serve all products in such a store through one file and +rewrite URLs that do not match an existing file on the server. That +way, a request to @samp{https://example.com/print/posters.html} might be +rewritten on the server to something like +@samp{https://example.com/shop/products.php/posters.html.php}. The +@code{open-source} handler probably cannot find a file named +@samp{/home/user/example/print/posters.html.php} and fails. + +Such an entry in @code{org-protocol-project-alist} may hold an additional +property @code{:rewrites}. This property is a list of cons cells, each of +which maps a regular expression to a path relative to the +@code{:working-directory}. + +Now map the URL to the path @samp{/home/user/example/products.php} by +adding @code{:rewrites} rules like this: + +@lisp +(setq org-protocol-project-alist + '(("example.com" + :base-url "https://example.com/" + :working-directory "/home/user/example/" + :online-suffix ".php" + :working-suffix ".php" + :rewrites (("example.com/print/" . "products.php") + ("example.com/$" . "index.php"))))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +Since @samp{example.com/$} is used as a regular expression, it maps +@samp{http://example.com/}, @samp{https://example.com}, +@samp{http://www.example.com/} and similar to +@samp{/home/user/example/index.php}. + +The @code{:rewrites} rules are searched as a last resort if and only if no +existing file name is matched. + +@cindex protocol, open-source, set-up mapping +@cindex mappings in open-source protocol +@findex org-protocol-create +@findex org-protocol-create-for-org +Two functions can help you filling @code{org-protocol-project-alist} with +valid contents: @code{org-protocol-create} and +@code{org-protocol-create-for-org}. The latter is of use if you're editing +an Org file that is part of a publishing project. + +@node Org Crypt +@section Org Crypt + +Org Crypt encrypts the text of an entry, but not the headline, or +properties. Behind the scene, it uses the @ref{Top,Emacs EasyPG Library,,epa,} to +encrypt and decrypt files, and EasyPG needs a correct @ref{Top,GnuPG,,gnupg,} setup. + +@vindex org-crypt-tag-matcher +Any text below a headline that has a @samp{crypt} tag is automatically +encrypted when the file is saved. To use a different tag, customize +the @code{org-crypt-tag-matcher} setting. + +Here is a suggestion for Org Crypt settings in Emacs init file: + +@lisp +(require 'org-crypt) +(org-crypt-use-before-save-magic) +(setq org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance '("crypt")) + +(setq org-crypt-key nil) +;; GPG key to use for encryption +;; Either the Key ID or set to nil to use symmetric encryption. + +(setq auto-save-default nil) +;; Auto-saving does not cooperate with org-crypt.el: so you need to +;; turn it off if you plan to use org-crypt.el quite often. Otherwise, +;; you'll get an (annoying) message each time you start Org. + +;; To turn it off only locally, you can insert this: +;; +;; # -*- buffer-auto-save-file-name: nil; -*- +@end lisp + +It's possible to use different keys for different headings by +specifying the respective key as property @samp{CRYPTKEY}, e.g.: + +@example +* Totally secret :crypt: + :PROPERTIES: + :CRYPTKEY: 0x0123456789012345678901234567890123456789 + :END: +@end example + +Excluding the @samp{crypt} tag from inheritance prevents already encrypted +text from being encrypted again. + +@node Org Mobile +@section Org Mobile + +@cindex smartphone + +Org Mobile is a protocol for synchronizing Org files between Emacs and +other applications, e.g., on mobile devices. It enables offline-views +and capture support for an Org mode system that is rooted on a ``real'' +computer. The external application can also record changes to +existing entries. + +This appendix describes Org's support for agenda view formats +compatible with Org Mobile. It also describes synchronizing changes, +such as to notes, between the mobile application and the computer. + +To change tags and TODO states in the mobile application, first +customize the variables @code{org-todo-keywords}, @code{org-tag-alist} and +@code{org-tag-persistent-alist}. These should cover all the important tags +and TODO keywords, even if Org files use only some of them. Though +the mobile application is expected to support in-buffer settings, it +is required to understand TODO states @emph{sets} (see @ref{Per-file keywords}) and @emph{mutually exclusive} tags (see @ref{Setting Tags}) only for those set in these variables. + +@menu +* Setting up the staging area:: For the mobile device. +* Pushing to the mobile application:: Uploading Org files and agendas. +* Pulling from the mobile application:: Integrating captured and flagged items. +@end menu + +@node Setting up the staging area +@subsection Setting up the staging area + +@vindex org-mobile-directory +The mobile application needs access to a file directory on +a server@footnote{For a server to host files, consider using a WebDAV server, +such as @uref{https://nextcloud.com, Nextcloud}. Additional help is at this @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/org-faq.html#mobileorg_webdav, FAQ entry}.} to interact with Emacs. Pass its location through +the @code{org-mobile-directory} variable. If you can mount that directory +locally just set the variable to point to that directory: + +@lisp +(setq org-mobile-directory "~/orgmobile/") +@end lisp + +Alternatively, by using TRAMP (see @ref{Top,TRAMP User Manual,,tramp,}), +@code{org-mobile-directory} may point to a remote directory accessible +through, for example, SSH, SCP, or DAVS: + +@lisp +(setq org-mobile-directory "/davs:user@@remote.host:/org/webdav/") +@end lisp + +@vindex org-mobile-encryption +With a public server, consider encrypting the files. Org also +requires OpenSSL installed on the local computer. To turn on +encryption, set the same password in the mobile application and in +Emacs. Set the password in the variable +@code{org-mobile-use-encryption}@footnote{If Emacs is configured for safe storing of passwords, then +configure the variable @code{org-mobile-encryption-password}; please read +the docstring of that variable.}. Note that even after the mobile +application encrypts the file contents, the file name remains visible +on the file systems of the local computer, the server, and the mobile +device. + +@node Pushing to the mobile application +@subsection Pushing to the mobile application + +@findex org-mobile-push +@vindex org-mobile-files +The command @code{org-mobile-push} copies files listed in +@code{org-mobile-files} into the staging area. Files include agenda files +(as listed in @code{org-agenda-files}). Customize @code{org-mobile-files} to +add other files. File names are staged with paths relative to +@code{org-directory}, so all files should be inside this directory@footnote{Symbolic links in @code{org-directory} need to have the same name +as their targets.}. + +Push creates a special Org file @samp{agendas.org} with custom agenda views +defined by the user@footnote{While creating the agendas, Org mode forces @samp{ID} properties +on all referenced entries, so that these entries can be uniquely +identified if Org Mobile flags them for further action. To avoid +setting properties configure the variable +@code{org-mobile-force-id-on-agenda-items} to @code{nil}. Org mode then relies +on outline paths, assuming they are unique.}. + +Finally, Org writes the file @samp{index.org}, containing links to other +files. The mobile application reads this file first from the server +to determine what other files to download for agendas. For faster +downloads, it is expected to only read files whose checksums@footnote{Checksums are stored automatically in the file +@samp{checksums.dat}.} +have changed. + +@node Pulling from the mobile application +@subsection Pulling from the mobile application + +@findex org-mobile-pull +The command @code{org-mobile-pull} synchronizes changes with the server. +More specifically, it first pulls the Org files for viewing. It then +appends captured entries and pointers to flagged or changed entries to +the file @samp{mobileorg.org} on the server. Org ultimately integrates its +data in an inbox file format, through the following steps: + +@enumerate +@item +@vindex org-mobile-inbox-for-pull +Org moves all entries found in @samp{mobileorg.org}@footnote{The file will be empty after this operation.} and appends +them to the file pointed to by the variable +@code{org-mobile-inbox-for-pull}. It should reside neither in the +staging area nor on the server. Each captured entry and each +editing event is a top-level entry in the inbox file. + +@item +@cindex @samp{FLAGGED}, tag +After moving the entries, Org processes changes to the shared +files. Some of them are applied directly and without user +interaction. Examples include changes to tags, TODO state, +headline and body text. Entries requiring further action are +tagged as @samp{FLAGGED}. Org marks entries with problems with an error +message in the inbox. They have to be resolved manually. + +@item +Org generates an agenda view for flagged entries for user +intervention to clean up. For notes stored in flagged entries, Org +displays them in the echo area when point is on the corresponding +agenda item. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{?} +Pressing @kbd{?} displays the entire flagged note in another +window. Org also pushes it to the kill ring. To store flagged +note as a normal note, use @kbd{? z C-y C-c C-c}. Pressing +@kbd{?} twice does these things: first it removes the +@samp{FLAGGED} tag; second, it removes the flagged note from the +property drawer; third, it signals that manual editing of the +flagged entry is now finished. +@end table +@end enumerate + +@kindex ? @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +From the agenda dispatcher, @kbd{?} returns to the view to finish +processing flagged entries. Note that these entries may not be the +most recent since the mobile application searches files that were last +pulled. To get an updated agenda view with changes since the last +pull, pull again. + +@node Hacking +@appendix Hacking + +@cindex hacking + +This appendix describes some ways a user can extend the functionality +of Org. + +@menu +* Hooks:: How to reach into Org's internals. +* Add-on Packages:: Available extensions. +* Adding Hyperlink Types:: New custom link types. +* Adding Export Back-ends:: How to write new export back-ends. +* Tables in Arbitrary Syntax:: Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs. +* Dynamic Blocks:: Automatically filled blocks. +* Special Agenda Views:: Customized views. +* Speeding Up Your Agendas:: Tips on how to speed up your agendas. +* Extracting Agenda Information:: Post-processing agenda information. +* Using the Property API:: Writing programs that use entry properties. +* Using the Mapping API:: Mapping over all or selected entries. +@end menu + +@node Hooks +@appendixsec Hooks + +@cindex hooks + +Org has a large number of hook variables for adding functionality. +This appendix illustrates using a few. A complete list of hooks with +documentation is maintained by the Worg project at +@uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/doc.html#hooks}. + +@node Add-on Packages +@appendixsec Add-on Packages + +@cindex add-on packages + +Various authors wrote a large number of add-on packages for Org. Some +of these packages used to be part of the @samp{org-mode} repository but are +now hosted in a separate @samp{org-contrib} repository +@uref{https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib, here}. A Worg page with more +information is at: @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/}. + +@node Adding Hyperlink Types +@appendixsec Adding Hyperlink Types + +@cindex hyperlinks, adding new types + +Org has many built-in hyperlink types (see @ref{Hyperlinks}), and an +interface for adding new link types. The following example shows the +process of adding Org links to Unix man pages, which look like this + +@example +[[man:printf][The printf manual]] +@end example + + +@noindent +The following @samp{ol-man.el} file implements it + +@lisp +;;; ol-man.el - Support for links to man pages in Org mode +(require 'ol) + +(org-link-set-parameters "man" + :follow #'org-man-open + :export #'org-man-export + :store #'org-man-store-link) + +(defcustom org-man-command 'man + "The Emacs command to be used to display a man page." + :group 'org-link + :type '(choice (const man) (const woman))) + +(defun org-man-open (path _) + "Visit the manpage on PATH. +PATH should be a topic that can be thrown at the man command." + (funcall org-man-command path)) + +(defun org-man-store-link () + "Store a link to a man page." + (when (memq major-mode '(Man-mode woman-mode)) + ;; This is a man page, we do make this link. + (let* ((page (org-man-get-page-name)) + (link (concat "man:" page)) + (description (format "Man page for %s" page))) + (org-link-store-props + :type "man" + :link link + :description description)))) + +(defun org-man-get-page-name () + "Extract the page name from the buffer name." + ;; This works for both `Man-mode' and `woman-mode'. + (if (string-match " \\(\\S-+\\)\\*" (buffer-name)) + (match-string 1 (buffer-name)) + (error "Cannot create link to this man page"))) + +(defun org-man-export (link description format _) + "Export a man page link from Org files." + (let ((path (format "http://man.he.net/?topic=%s§ion=all" link)) + (desc (or description link))) + (pcase format + (`html (format "%s" path desc)) + (`latex (format "\\href@{%s@}@{%s@}" path desc)) + (`texinfo (format "@@uref@{%s,%s@}" path desc)) + (`ascii (format "%s (%s)" desc path)) + (t path)))) + +(provide ol-man) +;;; ol-man.el ends here +@end lisp + +@noindent +To activate links to man pages in Org, enter this in the Emacs init +file: + +@lisp +(require 'ol-man) +@end lisp + +@noindent +A review of @samp{ol-man.el}: + +@enumerate +@item +First, @samp{(require 'ol)} ensures that @samp{ol.el} is loaded. + +@item +@findex org-link-set-parameters +@vindex org-link-parameters +Then @code{org-link-set-parameters} defines a new link type with @samp{man} +prefix and associates functions for following, exporting and +storing such links. See the variable @code{org-link-parameters} for +a complete list of possible associations. + +@item +The rest of the file implements necessary variables and functions. + +For example, @code{org-man-store-link} is responsible for storing a link +when @code{org-store-link} (see @ref{Handling Links}) is called from a buffer +displaying a man page. It first checks if the major mode is +appropriate. If check fails, the function returns @code{nil}, which +means it isn't responsible for creating a link to the current +buffer. Otherwise the function makes a link string by combining +the @samp{man:} prefix with the man topic. It also provides a default +description. The function @code{org-insert-link} can insert it back +into an Org buffer later on. +@end enumerate + +@node Adding Export Back-ends +@appendixsec Adding Export Back-ends + +@cindex Export, writing back-ends + +Org's export engine makes it easy for writing new back-ends. The +framework on which the engine was built makes it easy to derive new +back-ends from existing ones. + +@findex org-export-define-backend +@findex org-export-define-derived-backend +The two main entry points to the export engine are: +@code{org-export-define-backend} and @code{org-export-define-derived-backend}. +To grok these functions, see @samp{ox-latex.el} for an example of defining +a new back-end from scratch, and @samp{ox-beamer.el} for an example of +deriving from an existing engine. + +For creating a new back-end from scratch, first set its name as +a symbol in an alist consisting of elements and export functions. To +make the back-end visible to the export dispatcher, set @code{:menu-entry} +keyword. For export options specific to this back-end, set the +@code{:options-alist}. + +For creating a new back-end from an existing one, set +@code{:translate-alist} to an alist of export functions. This alist +replaces the parent back-end functions. + +For complete documentation, see @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-export-reference.html, the Org Export Reference on Worg}. + +@node Tables in Arbitrary Syntax +@appendixsec Tables in Arbitrary Syntax + +@cindex tables, in other modes +@cindex lists, in other modes +@cindex Orgtbl mode + +Due to Org's success in handling tables with Orgtbl, a frequently +requested feature is the use of Org's table functions in other modes, +e.g., @LaTeX{}. This would be hard to do in a general way without +complicated customization nightmares. Moreover, that would take Org +away from its simplicity roots that Orgtbl has proven. There is, +however, an alternate approach to accomplishing the same. + +This approach involves implementing a custom @emph{translate} function that +operates on a native Org @emph{source table} to produce a table in another +format. This strategy would keep the excellently working Orgtbl +simple and isolate complications, if any, confined to the translate +function. To add more alien table formats, we just add more translate +functions. Also the burden of developing custom translate functions +for new table formats is in the hands of those who know those formats +best. + +@menu +* Radio tables:: Sending and receiving radio tables. +* A @LaTeX{} example:: Step by step, almost a tutorial. +* Translator functions:: Copy and modify. +@end menu + +@node Radio tables +@appendixsubsec Radio tables + +@cindex radio tables + +Radio tables are target locations for translated tables that are not near +their source. Org finds the target location and inserts the translated +table. + +The key to finding the target location is the magic words @samp{BEGIN/END +RECEIVE ORGTBL}. They have to appear as comments in the current mode. +If the mode is C, then: + +@example +/* BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */ +/* END RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */ +@end example + +At the location of source, Org needs a special line to direct Orgtbl +to translate and to find the target for inserting the translated +table. For example: + +@cindex @samp{ORGTBL}, keyword +@example +#+ORGTBL: SEND table_name translation_function arguments ... +@end example + + +@noindent +@samp{table_name} is the table's reference name, which is also used in the +receiver lines, and the @samp{translation_function} is the Lisp function +that translates. This line, in addition, may also contain alternating +key and value arguments at the end. The translation function gets +these values as a property list. A few standard parameters are +already recognized and acted upon before the translation function is +called: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{:skip N} +Skip the first N lines of the table. Hlines do count; include them +if they are to be skipped. + +@item @samp{:skipcols (n1 n2 ...)} +List of columns to be skipped. First Org automatically discards +columns with calculation marks and then sends the table to the +translator function, which then skips columns as specified in +@samp{skipcols}. +@end table + +To keep the source table intact in the buffer without being disturbed +when the source file is compiled or otherwise being worked on, use one +of these strategies: + +@itemize +@item +Place the table in a block comment. For example, in C mode you +could wrap the table between @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} lines. + +@item +Put the table after an ``end'' statement. For example @code{\bye} in @TeX{} +and @code{\end@{document@}} in @LaTeX{}. + +@item +Comment and un-comment each line of the table during edits. The +@kbd{M-x orgtbl-toggle-comment} command makes toggling easy. +@end itemize + +@node A @LaTeX{} example +@appendixsubsec A @LaTeX{} example of radio tables + +@cindex @LaTeX{}, and Orgtbl mode + +To wrap a source table in @LaTeX{}, use the @samp{comment} environment +provided by @samp{comment.sty}@footnote{@uref{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/comment}}. To activate it, put +@code{\usepackage@{comment@}} in the document header. Orgtbl mode inserts +a radio table skeleton@footnote{By default this works only for @LaTeX{}, HTML, and Texinfo. +Configure the variable @code{orgtbl-radio-table-templates} to install +templates for other modes.} with the command @kbd{M-x orgtbl-insert-radio-table}, which prompts for a table name. For +example, if @samp{salesfigures} is the name, the template inserts: + +@example +% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +\begin@{comment@} +#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex +| | | +\end@{comment@} +@end example + +@vindex LaTeX-verbatim-environments +@noindent +The line @samp{#+ORGTBL: SEND} tells Orgtbl mode to use the function +@code{orgtbl-to-latex} to convert the table to @LaTeX{} format, then insert +the table at the target (receive) location named @samp{salesfigures}. Now +the table is ready for data entry. It can even use spreadsheet +features@footnote{If the @samp{TBLFM} keyword contains an odd number of dollar +characters, this may cause problems with Font Lock in @LaTeX{} mode. As +shown in the example you can fix this by adding an extra line inside +the @samp{comment} environment that is used to balance the dollar +expressions. If you are using AUC@TeX{} with the font-latex library, +a much better solution is to add the @samp{comment} environment to the +variable @code{LaTeX-verbatim-environments}.}: + +@example +% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +\begin@{comment@} +#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex +| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day | +|-------+------+---------+---------| +| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 | +| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 | +| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 | +#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f +% $ (optional extra dollar to keep Font Lock happy, see footnote) +\end@{comment@} +@end example + +After editing, @kbd{C-c C-c} inserts the translated table at the +target location, between the two marker lines. + +For hand-made custom tables, note that the translator needs to skip +the first two lines of the source table. Also the command has to +@emph{splice} out the target table without the header and footer. + +@example +\begin@{tabular@}@{lrrr@} +Month & \multicolumn@{1@}@{c@}@{Days@} & Nr.\ sold & per day\\ +% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures +\end@{tabular@} +% +\begin@{comment@} +#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex :splice t :skip 2 +| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day | +|-------+------+---------+---------| +| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 | +| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 | +| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 | +#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f +\end@{comment@} +@end example + +The @LaTeX{} translator function @code{orgtbl-to-latex} is already part of +Orgtbl mode and uses a @samp{tabular} environment to typeset the table and +marks horizontal lines with @code{\hline}. For additional parameters to +control output, see @ref{Translator functions}: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{:splice BOOLEAN} +When @{@{@{var(BOOLEAN@}@}@} is non-@code{nil}, return only table body lines; +i.e., not wrapped in @samp{tabular} environment. Default is @code{nil}. + +@item @samp{:fmt FMT} +Format string to warp each field. It should contain @samp{%s} for the +original field value. For example, to wrap each field value in +dollar symbol, you could use @samp{:fmt "$%s$"}. Format can also wrap +a property list with column numbers and formats, for example @samp{:fmt + (2 "$%s$" 4 "%s\\%%")}. In place of a string, a function of one +argument can be used; the function must return a formatted string. + +@item @samp{:efmt EFMT} +Format numbers as exponentials. The spec should have @samp{%s} twice for +inserting mantissa and exponent, for example @samp{"%s\\times10^@{%s@}"}. This +may also be a property list with column numbers and formats, for +example @samp{:efmt (2 "$%s\\times10^@{%s@}$" 4 "$%s\\cdot10^@{%s@}$")}. After +@var{EFMT} has been applied to a value, @var{FMT}---see +above---is also applied. Functions with two arguments can be +supplied instead of strings. By default, no special formatting is +applied. +@end table + +@node Translator functions +@appendixsubsec Translator functions + +@cindex HTML, and Orgtbl mode +@cindex translator function + +@findex orgtbl-to-csv +@findex orgtbl-to-tsv +@findex orgtbl-to-latex +@findex orgtbl-to-html +@findex orgtbl-to-texinfo +@findex orgtbl-to-unicode +@findex orgtbl-to-orgtbl +@findex orgtbl-to-generic +Orgtbl mode has built-in translator functions: @code{orgtbl-to-csv} +(comma-separated values), @code{orgtbl-to-tsv} (TAB-separated values), +@code{orgtbl-to-latex}, @code{orgtbl-to-html}, @code{orgtbl-to-texinfo}, +@code{orgtbl-to-unicode} and @code{orgtbl-to-orgtbl}. They use the generic +translator, @code{orgtbl-to-generic}, which delegates translations to +various export back-ends. + +Properties passed to the function through the @samp{ORGTBL SEND} line take +precedence over properties defined inside the function. For example, +this overrides the default @LaTeX{} line endings, @code{\\}, with @code{\\[2mm]}: + +@example +#+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-latex :lend " \\\\[2mm]" +@end example + + +For a new language translator, define a converter function. It can be +a generic function, such as shown in this example. It marks +a beginning and ending of a table with @samp{!BTBL!} and @samp{!ETBL!}; +a beginning and ending of lines with @samp{!BL!} and @samp{!EL!}; and uses a TAB +for a field separator: + +@lisp +(defun orgtbl-to-language (table params) + "Convert the orgtbl-mode TABLE to language." + (orgtbl-to-generic + table + (org-combine-plists + '(:tstart "!BTBL!" :tend "!ETBL!" :lstart "!BL!" :lend "!EL!" :sep "\t") + params))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +The documentation for the @code{orgtbl-to-generic} function shows +a complete list of parameters, each of which can be passed through to +@code{orgtbl-to-latex}, @code{orgtbl-to-texinfo}, and any other function using +that generic function. + +For complicated translations the generic translator function could be +replaced by a custom translator function. Such a custom function must +take two arguments and return a single string containing the formatted +table. The first argument is the table whose lines are a list of +fields or the symbol @code{hline}. The second argument is the property +list consisting of parameters specified in the @samp{#+ORGTBL: SEND} line. +Please share your translator functions by posting them to the Org +users mailing list, at @email{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org}. + +@node Dynamic Blocks +@appendixsec Dynamic Blocks + +@cindex dynamic blocks + +Org supports @emph{dynamic blocks} in Org documents. They are inserted +with begin and end markers like any other code block, but the contents +are updated automatically by a user function. + +@kindex C-c C-x x +@findex org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock +You can insert a dynamic block with @code{org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock}, +which is bound to @kbd{C-c C-x x} by default. For example, +@kbd{C-c C-x x c l o c k t a b l e @key{RET}} inserts a table that +updates the work time (see @ref{Clocking Work Time}). + +Dynamic blocks can have names and function parameters. The syntax is +similar to source code block specifications: + +@example +#+BEGIN: myblock :parameter1 value1 :parameter2 value2 ... + ... +#+END: +@end example + +These commands update dynamic blocks: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-u} (@code{org-dblock-update}) +@kindex C-c C-x C-u +@findex org-dblock-update +Update dynamic block at point. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-x C-u} +@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u +Update all dynamic blocks in the current file. +@end table + +Before updating a dynamic block, Org removes content between the +@samp{BEGIN} and @samp{END} markers. Org then reads the parameters on the +@samp{BEGIN} line for passing to the writer function as a plist. The +previous content of the dynamic block becomes erased from the buffer +and appended to the plist under @code{:content}. + +The syntax for naming a writer function with a dynamic block labeled +@samp{myblock} is: @code{org-dblock-write:myblock}. + +The following is an example of a dynamic block and a block writer function +that updates the time when the function was last run: + +@example +#+BEGIN: block-update-time :format "on %m/%d/%Y at %H:%M" + ... +#+END: +@end example + +@noindent +The dynamic block's writer function: + +@lisp +(defun org-dblock-write:block-update-time (params) + (let ((fmt (or (plist-get params :format) "%d. %m. %Y"))) + (insert "Last block update at: " + (format-time-string fmt)))) +@end lisp + +To keep dynamic blocks up-to-date in an Org file, use the function, +@code{org-update-all-dblocks} in hook, such as @code{before-save-hook}. The +@code{org-update-all-dblocks} function does not run if the file is not in +Org mode. + +@findex org-narrow-to-block +Dynamic blocks, like any other block, can be narrowed with +@code{org-narrow-to-block}. + +@node Special Agenda Views +@appendixsec Special Agenda Views + +@cindex agenda views, user-defined + +@vindex org-agenda-skip-function +@vindex org-agenda-skip-function-global +Org provides a special hook to further limit items in agenda views: +@code{agenda}, @code{agenda*}@footnote{The @code{agenda*} view is the same as @code{agenda} except that it +only considers @emph{appointments}, i.e., scheduled and deadline items that +have a time specification @samp{[h]h:mm} in their time-stamps.}, @code{todo}, @code{alltodo}, @code{tags}, @code{tags-todo}, +@code{tags-tree}. Specify a custom function that tests inclusion of every +matched item in the view. This function can also skip as much as is +needed. + +For a global condition applicable to agenda views, use the +@code{org-agenda-skip-function-global} variable. Org uses a global +condition with @code{org-agenda-skip-function} for custom searching. + +This example defines a function for a custom view showing TODO items +with @samp{waiting} status. Manually this is a multi-step search process, +but with a custom view, this can be automated as follows: + +The custom function searches the subtree for the @samp{waiting} tag and +returns @code{nil} on match. Otherwise it gives the location from where +the search continues. + +@lisp +(defun my-skip-unless-waiting () + "Skip trees that are not waiting" + (let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t)))) + (if (re-search-forward ":waiting:" subtree-end t) + nil ; tag found, do not skip + subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree +@end lisp + +To use this custom function in a custom agenda command: + +@lisp +(org-add-agenda-custom-command + '("b" todo "PROJECT" + ((org-agenda-skip-function 'my-skip-unless-waiting) + (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: ")))) +@end lisp + +@vindex org-agenda-overriding-header +Note that this also binds @code{org-agenda-overriding-header} to a more +meaningful string suitable for the agenda view. + +@vindex org-odd-levels-only +@vindex org-agenda-skip-function +Search for entries with a limit set on levels for the custom search. +This is a general approach to creating custom searches in Org. To +include all levels, use @samp{LEVEL>0}@footnote{Note that, for @code{org-odd-levels-only}, a level number +corresponds to order in the hierarchy, not to the number of stars.}. Then to selectively pick +the matched entries, use @code{org-agenda-skip-function}, which also +accepts Lisp forms, such as @code{org-agenda-skip-entry-if} and +@code{org-agenda-skip-subtree-if}. For example: + +@table @asis +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled)} +Skip current entry if it has been scheduled. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notscheduled)} +Skip current entry if it has not been scheduled. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'deadline)} +Skip current entry if it has a deadline. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled 'deadline)} +Skip current entry if it has a deadline, or if it is scheduled. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'todo '("TODO" "WAITING"))} +Skip current entry if the TODO keyword is TODO or WAITING@. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'todo 'done)} +Skip current entry if the TODO keyword marks a DONE state. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'timestamp)} +Skip current entry if it has any timestamp, may also be deadline or +scheduled. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'regexp "regular expression")} +Skip current entry if the regular expression matches in the entry. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notregexp "regular expression")} +Skip current entry unless the regular expression matches. + +@item @samp{(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if 'regexp "regular expression")} +Same as above, but check and skip the entire subtree. +@end table + +The following is an example of a search for @samp{waiting} without the +special function: + +@lisp +(org-add-agenda-custom-command + '("b" todo "PROJECT" + ((org-agenda-skip-function '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if + 'regexp ":waiting:")) + (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: ")))) +@end lisp + +@node Speeding Up Your Agendas +@appendixsec Speeding Up Your Agendas + +@cindex agenda views, optimization + +Some agenda commands slow down when the Org files grow in size or +number. Here are tips to speed up: + +@itemize +@item +Reduce the number of Org agenda files to avoid slowdowns due to hard drive +accesses. + +@item +Reduce the number of DONE and archived headlines so agenda +operations that skip over these can finish faster. + +@item +Do not dim blocked tasks: +@vindex org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks nil) +@end lisp + +@item +Stop preparing agenda buffers on startup: +@vindex org-startup-folded +@vindex org-agenda-inhibit-startup + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-inhibit-startup t) +@end lisp + +@item +Disable tag inheritance for agendas: +@vindex org-agenda-show-inherited-tags +@vindex org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance nil) +@end lisp +@end itemize + +These options can be applied to selected agenda views. For more +details about generation of agenda views, see the docstrings for the +relevant variables, and this @uref{https://orgmode.org/worg/agenda-optimization.html, dedicated Worg page} for agenda +optimization. + +@node Extracting Agenda Information +@appendixsec Extracting Agenda Information + +@cindex agenda, pipe +@cindex scripts, for agenda processing + +Org provides commands to access agendas through Emacs batch mode. +Through this command-line interface, agendas are automated for further +processing or printing. + +@vindex org-agenda-custom-commands +@findex org-batch-agenda +@code{org-batch-agenda} creates an agenda view in ASCII and outputs to +standard output. This command takes one string parameter. When +string consists of a single character, Org uses it as a key to +@code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. These are the same ones available +through the agenda dispatcher (see @ref{Agenda Dispatcher}). + +This example command line directly prints the TODO list to the printer: + +@example +emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda "t")' | lpr +@end example + + +When the string parameter length is two or more characters, Org +matches it with tags/TODO strings. For example, this example command +line prints items tagged with @samp{shop}, but excludes items tagged with +@samp{NewYork}: + +@example +emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \ + -eval '(org-batch-agenda "+shop-NewYork")' | lpr +@end example + +@noindent +An example showing on-the-fly parameter modifications: + +@example +emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \ + -eval '(org-batch-agenda "a" \ + org-agenda-span (quote month) \ + org-agenda-include-diary nil \ + org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \ + | lpr +@end example + +@noindent +which produces an agenda for the next 30 days from just the +@samp{~/org/projects.org} file. + +@findex org-batch-agenda-csv +For structured processing of agenda output, use @code{org-batch-agenda-csv} +with the following fields: + +@table @asis +@item category +The category of the item +@item head +The headline, without TODO keyword, TAGS and PRIORITY +@item type +The type of the agenda entry, can be + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @code{todo} +@tab selected in TODO match +@item @code{tagsmatch} +@tab selected in tags match +@item @code{diary} +@tab imported from diary +@item @code{deadline} +@tab a deadline +@item @code{scheduled} +@tab scheduled +@item @code{timestamp} +@tab appointment, selected by timestamp +@item @code{closed} +@tab entry was closed on date +@item @code{upcoming-deadline} +@tab warning about nearing deadline +@item @code{past-scheduled} +@tab forwarded scheduled item +@item @code{block} +@tab entry has date block including date +@end multitable + +@item todo +The TODO keyword, if any +@item tags +All tags including inherited ones, separated by colons +@item date +The relevant date, like @samp{2007-2-14} +@item time +The time, like @samp{15:00-16:50} +@item extra +String with extra planning info +@item priority-l +The priority letter if any was given +@item priority-n +The computed numerical priority +@end table + +If the selection of the agenda item was based on a timestamp, +including those items with @samp{DEADLINE} and @samp{SCHEDULED} keywords, then +Org includes date and time in the output. + +If the selection of the agenda item was based on a timestamp (or +deadline/scheduled), then Org includes date and time in the output. + +Here is an example of a post-processing script in Perl. It takes the +CSV output from Emacs and prints with a checkbox: + +@example +#!/usr/bin/perl + +# define the Emacs command to run +$cmd = "emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda-csv \"t\")'"; + +# run it and capture the output +$agenda = qx@{$cmd 2>/dev/null@}; + +# loop over all lines +foreach $line (split(/\n/,$agenda)) @{ + # get the individual values + ($category,$head,$type,$todo,$tags,$date,$time,$extra, + $priority_l,$priority_n) = split(/,/,$line); + # process and print + print "[ ] $head\n"; +@} +@end example + +@node Using the Property API +@appendixsec Using the Property API + +@cindex API, for properties +@cindex properties, API + +Here is a description of the functions that can be used to work with +properties. + +@defun org-entry-properties &optional pom which +Get all properties of the entry at point-or-marker @var{POM}. +This includes the TODO keyword, the tags, time strings for deadline, +scheduled, and clocking, and any additional properties defined in the +entry. The return value is an alist. Keys may occur multiple times +if the property key was used several times. @var{POM} may also +be @code{nil}, in which case the current entry is used. If +@var{WHICH} is @code{nil} or @code{all}, get all properties. If +@var{WHICH} is @code{special} or @code{standard}, only get that subclass. +@end defun + +@vindex org-use-property-inheritance +@findex org-insert-property-drawer +@defun org-entry-get pom property &optional inherit +Get value of @var{PROPERTY} for entry at point-or-marker +@var{POM}. By default, this only looks at properties defined +locally in the entry. If @var{INHERIT} is non-@code{nil} and the +entry does not have the property, then also check higher levels of the +hierarchy. If @var{INHERIT} is the symbol @code{selective}, use +inheritance if and only if the setting of +@code{org-use-property-inheritance} selects @var{PROPERTY} for +inheritance. +@end defun + +@defun org-entry-delete pom property +Delete the property @var{PROPERTY} from entry at point-or-marker +@var{POM}. +@end defun + +@defun org-entry-put pom property value +Set @var{PROPERTY} to @var{VALUES} for entry at +point-or-marker POM@. +@end defun + +@defun org-buffer-property-keys &optional include-specials +Get all property keys in the current buffer. +@end defun + +@defun org-insert-property-drawer +Insert a property drawer for the current entry. Also +@end defun + +@defun org-entry-put-multivalued-property pom property &rest values +Set @var{PROPERTY} at point-or-marker @var{POM} to +@var{VALUES}. @var{VALUES} should be a list of strings. +They are concatenated, with spaces as separators. +@end defun + +@defun org-entry-get-multivalued-property pom property +Treat the value of the property @var{PROPERTY} as +a whitespace-separated list of values and return the values as a list +of strings. +@end defun + +@defun org-entry-add-to-multivalued-property pom property value +Treat the value of the property @var{PROPERTY} as +a whitespace-separated list of values and make sure that +@var{VALUE} is in this list. +@end defun + +@defun org-entry-remove-from-multivalued-property pom property value +Treat the value of the property @var{PROPERTY} as +a whitespace-separated list of values and make sure that +@var{VALUE} is @emph{not} in this list. +@end defun + +@defun org-entry-member-in-multivalued-property pom property value +Treat the value of the property @var{PROPERTY} as +a whitespace-separated list of values and check if @var{VALUE} is +in this list. +@end defun + +@defopt org-property-allowed-value-functions +Hook for functions supplying allowed values for a specific property. +The functions must take a single argument, the name of the property, +and return a flat list of allowed values. If @samp{:ETC} is one of the +values, use the values as completion help, but allow also other values +to be entered. The functions must return @code{nil} if they are not +responsible for this property. +@end defopt + +@node Using the Mapping API +@appendixsec Using the Mapping API + +@cindex API, for mapping +@cindex mapping entries, API + +Org has sophisticated mapping capabilities to find all entries +satisfying certain criteria. Internally, this functionality is used +to produce agenda views, but there is also an API that can be used to +execute arbitrary functions for each or selected entries. The main +entry point for this API is: + +@defun org-map-entries func &optional match scope &rest skip +Call @var{FUNC} at each headline selected by @var{MATCH} in +@var{SCOPE}. + +@var{FUNC} is a function or a Lisp form. With point positioned +at the beginning of the headline, call the function without arguments. +Org returns an alist of return values of calls to the function. + +To avoid preserving point, Org wraps the call to @var{FUNC} in +@code{save-excursion} form. After evaluation, Org moves point to the end +of the line that was just processed. Search continues from that point +forward. This may not always work as expected under some conditions, +such as if the current sub-tree was removed by a previous archiving +operation. In such rare circumstances, Org skips the next entry +entirely when it should not. To stop Org from such skips, make +@var{FUNC} set the variable @code{org-map-continue-from} to a specific +buffer position. + +@var{MATCH} is a tags/property/TODO match. Org iterates only +matched headlines. Org iterates over all headlines when +@var{MATCH} is @code{nil} or @code{t}. + +@var{SCOPE} determines the scope of this command. It can be any +of: + +@table @asis +@item @code{nil} +The current buffer, respecting the restriction, if any. + +@item @code{tree} +The subtree started with the entry at point. + +@item @code{region} +The entries within the active region, if any. + +@item @code{file} +The current buffer, without restriction. + +@item @code{file-with-archives} +The current buffer, and any archives associated with it. + +@item @code{agenda} +All agenda files. + +@item @code{agenda-with-archives} +All agenda files with any archive files associated with them. + +@item list of filenames +If this is a list, all files in the list are scanned. +@end table + +@noindent +The remaining arguments are treated as settings for the scanner's +skipping facilities. Valid arguments are: + +@table @asis +@item @code{archive} +Skip trees with the @samp{ARCHIVE} tag. + +@item @code{comment} +Skip trees with the COMMENT keyword. + +@item function or Lisp form +@vindex org-agenda-skip-function +Used as value for @code{org-agenda-skip-function}, so whenever the +function returns @code{t}, @var{FUNC} is called for that entry and +search continues from the point where the function leaves it. +@end table +@end defun + +The mapping routine can call any arbitrary function, even functions +that change meta data or query the property API (see @ref{Using the Property API}). Here are some handy functions: + +@defun org-todo &optional arg +Change the TODO state of the entry. See the docstring of the +functions for the many possible values for the argument +@var{ARG}. +@end defun + +@defun org-priority &optional action +Change the priority of the entry. See the docstring of this function +for the possible values for @var{ACTION}. +@end defun + +@defun org-toggle-tag tag &optional onoff +Toggle the tag @var{TAG} in the current entry. Setting +@var{ONOFF} to either @code{on} or @code{off} does not toggle tag, but +ensure that it is either on or off. +@end defun + +@defun org-promote +Promote the current entry. +@end defun + +@defun org-demote +Demote the current entry. +@end defun + +This example turns all entries tagged with @samp{TOMORROW} into TODO +entries with keyword @samp{UPCOMING}. Org ignores entries in comment trees +and archive trees. + +@lisp +(org-map-entries '(org-todo "UPCOMING") + "+TOMORROW" 'file 'archive 'comment) +@end lisp + +The following example counts the number of entries with TODO keyword +@samp{WAITING}, in all agenda files. + +@lisp +(length (org-map-entries t "/+WAITING" 'agenda)) +@end lisp + +@node History and Acknowledgments +@appendix History and Acknowledgments + + + +@anchor{From Carsten} +@appendixsec From Carsten + +Org was born in 2003, out of frustration over the user interface of +the Emacs Outline mode. I was trying to organize my notes and +projects, and using Emacs seemed to be the natural way to go. +However, having to remember eleven different commands with two or +three keys per command, only to hide and show parts of the outline +tree, that seemed entirely unacceptable to me. Also, when using +outlines to take notes, I constantly wanted to restructure the tree, +organizing it parallel to my thoughts and plans. @emph{Visibility cycling} +and @emph{structure editing} were originally implemented in the package +@samp{outline-magic.el}, but quickly moved to the more general @samp{org.el}. +As this environment became comfortable for project planning, the next +step was adding @emph{TODO entries}, basic @emph{timestamps}, and @emph{table +support}. These areas highlighted the two main goals that Org still +has today: to be a new, outline-based, plain text mode with innovative +and intuitive editing features, and to incorporate project planning +functionality directly into a notes file. + +Since the first release, literally thousands of emails to me or to the +@email{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org, mailing list} have provided a constant stream of bug reports, feedback, +new ideas, and sometimes patches and add-on code. Many thanks to +everyone who has helped to improve this package. I am trying to keep +here a list of the people who had significant influence in shaping one +or more aspects of Org. The list may not be complete, if I have +forgotten someone, please accept my apologies and let me know. + +Before I get to this list, a few special mentions are in order: + +@table @asis +@item Bastien Guerry +Bastien has written a large number of extensions to Org (most of +them integrated into the core by now), including the @LaTeX{} exporter +and the plain list parser. His support during the early days was +central to the success of this project. Bastien also invented Worg, +helped establishing the Web presence of Org, and sponsored hosting +costs for the orgmode.org website. Bastien stepped in as maintainer +of Org between 2011 and 2013, at a time when I desperately needed +a break. + +@item Eric Schulte and Dan Davison +Eric and Dan are jointly responsible for the Org Babel system, which +turns Org into a multi-language environment for evaluating code and +doing literate programming and reproducible research. This has +become one of Org's killer features that define what Org is today. + +@item John Wiegley +John has contributed a number of great ideas and patches directly to +Org, including the attachment system (@samp{org-attach.el}), integration +with Apple Mail (@samp{org-mac-message.el}), hierarchical dependencies of +TODO items, habit tracking (@samp{org-habits.el}), and encryption +(@samp{org-crypt.el}). Also, the capture system is really an extended +copy of his great @samp{remember.el}. + +@item Sebastian Rose +Without Sebastian, the HTML/XHTML publishing of Org would be the +pitiful work of an ignorant amateur. Sebastian has pushed this part +of Org onto a much higher level. He also wrote @samp{org-info.js}, +a JavaScript program for displaying webpages derived from Org using +an Info-like or a folding interface with single-key navigation. +@end table + +See below for the full list of contributions! Again, please let me +know what I am missing here! + +@anchor{From Bastien} +@appendixsec From Bastien + +I (Bastien) have been maintaining Org between 2011 and 2013. This +appendix would not be complete without adding a few more +acknowledgments and thanks. + +I am first grateful to Carsten for his trust while handing me over the +maintainership of Org. His unremitting support is what really helped +me getting more confident over time, with both the community and the +code. + +When I took over maintainership, I knew I would have to make Org more +collaborative than ever, as I would have to rely on people that are +more knowledgeable than I am on many parts of the code. Here is +a list of the persons I could rely on, they should really be +considered co-maintainers, either of the code or the community: + +@table @asis +@item Eric Schulte +Eric is maintaining the Babel parts of Org. His reactivity here +kept me away from worrying about possible bugs here and let me focus +on other parts. + +@item Nicolas Goaziou +Nicolas is maintaining the consistency of the deepest parts of Org. +His work on @samp{org-element.el} and @samp{ox.el} has been outstanding, and +it opened the doors for many new ideas and features. He rewrote +many of the old exporters to use the new export engine, and helped +with documenting this major change. More importantly (if that's +possible), he has been more than reliable during all the work done +for Org 8.0, and always very reactive on the mailing list. + +@item Achim Gratz +Achim rewrote the building process of Org, turning some @emph{ad hoc} +tools into a flexible and conceptually clean process. He patiently +coped with the many hiccups that such a change can create for users. + +@item Nick Dokos +The Org mode mailing list would not be such a nice place without +Nick, who patiently helped users so many times. It is impossible to +overestimate such a great help, and the list would not be so active +without him. +@end table + +I received support from so many users that it is clearly impossible to +be fair when shortlisting a few of them, but Org's history would not +be complete if the ones above were not mentioned in this manual. + +@anchor{List of Contributions} +@appendixsec List of Contributions + +@itemize +@item +Russell Adams came up with the idea for drawers. + +@item +Thomas Baumann wrote @samp{ol-bbdb.el} and @samp{ol-mhe.el}. + +@item +Christophe Bataillon created the great unicorn logo that we use on +the Org mode website. + +@item +Alex Bochannek provided a patch for rounding timestamps. + +@item +Jan Böcker wrote @samp{ol-docview.el}. + +@item +Brad Bozarth showed how to pull RSS feed data into Org files. + +@item +Tom Breton wrote @samp{org-choose.el}. + +@item +Charles Cave's suggestion sparked the implementation of templates +for Remember, which are now templates for capture. + +@item +Timothy E Chapman worked on a complete overhaul of the orgmode.org +website in 2020 and helped fixing various bugs. + +@item +Pavel Chalmoviansky influenced the agenda treatment of items with +specified time. + +@item +Gregory Chernov patched support for Lisp forms into table +calculations and improved XEmacs compatibility, in particular by +porting @samp{nouline.el} to XEmacs. + +@item +Sacha Chua suggested copying some linking code from Planner. + +@item +Baoqiu Cui contributed the DocBook exporter. + +@item +Eddward DeVilla proposed and tested checkbox statistics. He also +came up with the idea of properties, and that there should be an API +for them. + +@item +Nick Dokos tracked down several nasty bugs. + +@item +Kees Dullemond used to edit projects lists directly in HTML and so +inspired some of the early development, including HTML export. He +also asked for a way to narrow wide table columns. + +@item +Thomas@tie{}S@.@tie{}Dye contributed documentation on Worg and helped +integrating the Org Babel documentation into the manual. + +@item +Christian Egli converted the documentation into Texinfo format, +inspired the agenda, patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, +and wrote @samp{org-taskjuggler.el}. + +@item +David Emery provided a patch for custom CSS support in exported HTML +agendas. + +@item +Nic Ferrier contributed mailcap and XOXO support. + +@item +Miguel@tie{}A@.@tie{}Figueroa-Villanueva implemented hierarchical checkboxes. + +@item +John Foerch figured out how to make incremental search show context +around a match in a hidden outline tree. + +@item +Raimar Finken wrote @samp{org-git-line.el}. + +@item +Mikael Fornius works as a mailing list moderator. + +@item +Austin Frank works as a mailing list moderator. + +@item +Eric Fraga drove the development of Beamer export with ideas and +testing. + +@item +Barry Gidden did proofreading the manual in preparation for the book +publication through Network Theory Ltd. + +@item +Niels Giesen had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees. + +@item +Nicolas Goaziou rewrote much of the plain list code. + +@item +Kai Grossjohann pointed out key-binding conflicts with other +packages. + +@item +Brian Gough of Network Theory Ltd publishes the Org mode manual as +a book. + +@item +Bernt Hansen has driven much of the support for auto-repeating +tasks, task state change logging, and the clocktable. His clear +explanations have been critical when we started to adopt the Git +version control system. + +@item +Manuel Hermenegildo has contributed various ideas, small fixes and +patches. + +@item +Phil Jackson wrote @samp{ol-irc.el}. + +@item +Scott Jaderholm proposed footnotes, control over whitespace between +folded entries, and column view for properties. + +@item +Matt Jones wrote MobileOrg Android. + +@item +Tokuya Kameshima wrote @samp{org-wl.el} and @samp{org-mew.el}. + +@item +Shidai Liu (``Leo'') asked for embedded @LaTeX{} and tested it. He also +provided frequent feedback and some patches. + +@item +Matt Lundin has proposed last-row references for table formulas and +named invisible anchors. He has also worked a lot on the FAQ@. + +@item +David Maus wrote @samp{org-atom.el}, maintains the issues file for Org, +and is a prolific contributor on the mailing list with competent +replies, small fixes and patches. + +@item +Jason@tie{}F@.@tie{}McBrayer suggested agenda export to CSV format. + +@item +Kyle Meyer helped setting up the @uref{https://public-inbox.org/, public-inbox} archive of the @uref{https://orgmode.org/list/, Org +mailing list} and has been fixing many bugs. + +@item +Max Mikhanosha came up with the idea of refiling. + +@item +Dmitri Minaev sent a patch to set priority limits on a per-file +basis. + +@item +Stefan Monnier provided a patch to keep the Emacs Lisp compiler +happy. + +@item +Richard Moreland wrote MobileOrg for the iPhone. + +@item +Rick Moynihan proposed allowing multiple TODO sequences in a file +and being able to quickly restrict the agenda to a subtree. + +@item +Todd Neal provided patches for links to Info files and Elisp forms. + +@item +Greg Newman refreshed the unicorn logo into its current form. + +@item +Tim O'Callaghan suggested in-file links, search options for general +file links, and tags. + +@item +Osamu Okano wrote @samp{orgcard2ref.pl}, a Perl program to create a text +version of the reference card. + +@item +Takeshi Okano translated the manual and David O'Toole's tutorial +into Japanese. + +@item +Oliver Oppitz suggested multi-state TODO items. + +@item +Scott Otterson sparked the introduction of descriptive text for +links, among other things. + +@item +Pete Phillips helped during the development of the TAGS feature, +and provided frequent feedback. + +@item +Martin Pohlack provided the code snippet to bundle character +insertion into bundles of 20 for undo. + +@item +Ihor Radchenko helped with fixing bugs and improving the user +experience regarding Org's speed. + +@item +T@.@tie{}V@.@tie{}Raman reported bugs and suggested improvements. + +@item +Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality +control. + +@item +Paul Rivier provided the basic implementation of named footnotes. +He also acted as mailing list moderator for some time. + +@item +Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts. + +@item +Frank Ruell solved the mystery of the @samp{keymapp nil} bug, a conflict +with @samp{allout.el}. + +@item +Jason Riedy generalized the send-receive mechanism for Orgtbl +tables with extensive patches. + +@item +Philip Rooke created the Org reference card, provided lots of +feedback, developed and applied standards to the Org documentation. + +@item +Christian Schlauer proposed angular brackets around links, among +other things. + +@item +Paul Sexton wrote @samp{org-ctags.el}. + +@item +Tom Shannon's @samp{organizer-mode.el} inspired linking to VM/BBDB/Gnus. + +@item +Ilya Shlyakhter proposed the Archive Sibling, line numbering in +literal examples, and remote highlighting for referenced code lines. + +@item +Stathis Sideris wrote the @samp{ditaa.jar} ASCII to PNG converter that is +now packaged into the @uref{https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib, org-contrib} repository. + +@item +Daniel Sinder came up with the idea of internal archiving by locking +subtrees. + +@item +Dale Smith proposed link abbreviations. + +@item +James TD Smith has contributed a large number of patches for +useful tweaks and features. + +@item +Adam Spiers asked for global linking commands, inspired the link +extension system, added support for Mairix, and proposed the mapping +API@. + +@item +Ulf Stegemann created the table to translate special symbols to +HTML, @LaTeX{}, UTF-8, Latin-1 and ASCII@. + +@item +Andy Stewart contributed code to @samp{ol-w3m.el}, to copy +HTML content with links transformation to Org syntax. + +@item +David O'Toole wrote @samp{org-publish.el} and drafted the +manual chapter about publishing. + +@item +Jambunathan@tie{}K@.@tie{}contributed the ODT exporter. + +@item +Sebastien Vauban reported many issues with @LaTeX{} and Beamer export +and enabled source code highlighting in Gnus. + +@item +Stefan Vollmar organized a video-recorded talk at the +Max-Planck-Institute for Neurology. He also inspired the creation +of a concept index for HTML export. + +@item +Jürgen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents in +HTML output. + +@item +Samuel Wales has provided important feedback and bug reports. + +@item +Chris Wallace provided a patch implementing the @samp{QUOTE} block. + +@item +David Wainberg suggested archiving, and improvements to the +linking system. + +@item +Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in +linking to Gnus. + +@item +Roland Winkler requested additional key bindings to make Org work on +a TTY@. + +@item +Piotr Zielinski wrote @samp{org-mouse.el}, proposed agenda +blocks and contributed various ideas and code snippets. + +@item +Marco Wahl wrote @samp{ol-eww.el}. +@end itemize + +@node GNU Free Documentation License +@appendix GNU Free Documentation License + +@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 + +@display +Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +@uref{https://fsf.org/} + +Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies +of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +@end display + +@enumerate 0 +@item +PREAMBLE + +The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other +functional and useful document @dfn{free} +in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom +to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either +commercially or noncommercially. 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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU +Free Documentation License''. +@end example + +If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, +replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.''@tie{}line with this: + +@example +with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with +the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts +being LIST. +@end example + +If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + +If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of +free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to +permit their use in free software. + +@node Main Index +@chapter Main Index + +@printindex cp + +@node Key Index +@chapter Key Index + +@printindex ky + +@node Command and Function Index +@chapter Command and Function Index + +@printindex fn + +@node Variable Index +@chapter Variable Index + +This is not a complete index of variables and faces, only the ones +that are mentioned in the manual. For a more complete list, use +@kbd{M-x org-customize} and then click yourself through the tree. + +@printindex vr + +@bye \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/orgcard.tex b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/orgcard.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a4400e72 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/orgcard.tex @@ -0,0 +1,691 @@ +% Reference Card for Org Mode +\input org-version.tex + +%**start of header +\newcount\columnsperpage +\newcount\letterpaper + +% This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below). +% Specify how many you want here. +\columnsperpage=3 + +% PDF output layout. 0 for A4, 1 for letter (US), a `l' is added for +% a landscape layout. +\input pdflayout.sty +\pdflayout=(0l) + +% Nothing else needs to be changed below this line. +% Copyright (C) 1987, 1993, 1996--1997, 2001--2021 Free Software +% Foundation, Inc. + +% This document is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +% (at your option) any later version. + +% As a special additional permission, you may distribute reference cards +% printed, or formatted for printing, with the notice "Released under +% the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later" +% instead of the usual distributed-under-the-GNU-GPL notice, and without +% a copy of the GPL itself. + +% This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +% GNU General Public License for more details. + +% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +% along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . + +% This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82). +% +% The final reference card has six columns, three on each side. +% This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways: +% 1 column per page +% produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%. +% This gives the best resolution. +% 2 columns per page +% produces three already-reduced pages. +% You will still need to cut and paste. +% 3 columns per page +% produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a +% ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card. +% For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways. +% Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above. +% +% To compile and print this document: +% tex refcard.tex +% dvips -t landscape refcard.dvi +% +% Author: +% Stephen Gildea +% +% Thanks to Paul Rubin, Bob Chassell, Len Tower, and Richard Mlynarik +% for their many good ideas. + +\def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill + \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Permissions on back. v\orgversionnumber}} + +\def\copyrightnotice{ +\vskip 1ex plus 100 fill\begingroup\small +\centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.} +\centerline{v\orgversionnumber{} for Org-Mode \orgversionnumber{}, \versionyear} +\centerline{Author: Philip Rooke} +\centerline{based on refcard design and format by Stephen Gildea} + +\centerline{Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License} +\centerline{version 3 or later.} + +\endgroup} + +% make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below +% can be scanned without complaint. +\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end} + +\newdimen\intercolumnskip %horizontal space between columns +\newbox\columna %boxes to hold columns already built +\newbox\columnb + +\def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage} + +\message{[\ncolumns\space + column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]} + +\def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1} + +% This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986. +% Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent. +\if 1\ncolumns %one-column format uses normal size + \hsize 4in + \vsize 10in + \voffset -.7in + \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3 + \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2 + \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm + \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy + + \footline{\hss\folio} + \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}} +\else %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size + \if 1\the\letterpaper + \hsize 3.2in + \vsize 7.95in + \hoffset -.75in + \voffset -.745in + \else + \hsize 3.2in + \vsize 7.65in + \hoffset -.25in + \voffset -.745in + \fi + \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2 + \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1 + \font\smallfont=cmr6 + \font\smallsy=cmsy6 + \font\eightrm=cmr8 + \font\eightbf=cmbx8 + \font\eightit=cmti8 + \font\eighttt=cmtt8 + \font\eightmi=cmmi8 + \font\eightsy=cmsy8 + \textfont0=\eightrm + \textfont1=\eightmi + \textfont2=\eightsy + \def\rm{\eightrm} + \def\bf{\eightbf} + \def\it{\eightit} + \def\tt{\eighttt} + \if 1\the\letterpaper + \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip + \else + \normalbaselineskip=.7\normalbaselineskip + \fi + \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip + \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit + \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect + + \if 2\ncolumns + \let\maxcolumn=b + \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss} + \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}} + \else \if 3\ncolumns + \let\maxcolumn=c + \nopagenumbers + \else + \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.} + \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page} + \fi\fi + + \intercolumnskip=.46in + \def\abc{a} + \output={% %see The TeXbook page 257 + % This next line is useful when designing the layout. + %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark} + \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a} + \else\if a\abc + \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b} + %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode) + \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{} + \else + \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi} + \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline + \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip + \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} + \makefootline}\advancepageno} + \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} + + \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject + \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi + \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi + \end} +\fi + +% we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters +% we might want to talk about +%\catcode`\^=12 +\catcode`\_=12 + +% we also need the tilde, for file names. +\catcode`\~=12 + +\chardef\\=`\\ +\chardef\{=`\{ +\chardef\}=`\} + +\hyphenation{mini-buf-fer} + +\parindent 0pt +\parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex + +\def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip} + +% newcolumn - force a new column. Use sparingly, probably only for +% the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway. +\outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject} + +% title - page title. Argument is title text. +\outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex} + +% section - new major section. Argument is section name. +\outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak + \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}% + \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex} + +\newdimen\keyindent + +% beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be +% indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group +% definitions, will not. +\def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em} +\def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em} +\endindentedkeys + +% paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment. +% If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never +% inserted. Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem. +\def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign} + +% \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example +\def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}} + +% kbd - argument is characters typed literally. Like the Texinfo command. +\def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows + +% beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example. +% typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved +\def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup + \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt} +{\obeyspaces\global\let =\ } +\def\endexample{\endgroup} + +% key - definition of a key. +% \key{description of key}{key-name} +% prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd +% form near the right margin. +\def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop + {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em + \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}} + +\newbox\metaxbox +\setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }} +\newdimen\metaxwidth +\metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox + +% metax - definition of a M-x command. +% \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name} +% Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place +% as \key starts the key name. (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.) +\def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize + {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}% + \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil + \kbd{#2}\hfil}} + +% threecol - like "key" but with two key names. +% for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward. +\def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad + &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr} + +%\def\noteone{{\small \hfill [1]}} +%\def\notetwo{{\small \hfill [2]}} +\def\noteone{{\small [1]}} +\def\notetwo{{\small [2]}} + + +%**end of header + + +\title{Org-Mode Reference Card (1/2)} + +\centerline{(for version \orgversionnumber)} + +\section{Getting Started} +\metax{To read the on-line documentation try}{M-x org-info} + +\section{Visibility Cycling} + +\key{rotate current subtree between states}{TAB} +\key{rotate entire buffer between states}{S-TAB} +\key{restore property-dependent startup visibility}{C-u C-u TAB} +\metax{show the whole file, including drawers}{C-u C-u C-u TAB} +\key{reveal context around point}{C-c C-r} +\metax{toggle indented view}{M-x org-indent-mode} + +\section{Motion} + +\key{next/previous heading}{C-c C-n/p} +\key{next/previous heading, same level}{C-c C-f/b} +\key{backward to higher level heading}{C-c C-u} +\key{jump to another place in document}{C-c C-j} +\key{previous/next plain list item}{S-UP/DOWN\notetwo} + +\section{Structure Editing} + +\key{insert new heading/item at current level}{M-RET} +\key{insert new heading after subtree}{C-RET} +\key{insert new TODO entry/checkbox item}{M-S-RET} +\key{insert TODO entry/ckbx after subtree}{C-S-RET} +\key{turn (head)line into item, cycle item type}{C-c -} +\key{turn item/line into headline}{C-c *} +\key{promote/demote heading}{M-LEFT/RIGHT} +\metax{promote/demote current subtree}{M-S-LEFT/RIGHT} +\metax{move subtree/list item up/down}{M-UP/DOWN} +\metax{move the line at point up/down}{M-S-UP/DOWN} +\metax{sort subtree/region/plain-list}{C-c \^{}} +\metax{clone a subtree}{C-c C-x c} +\metax{copy visible parts of the region}{C-c C-x v} +\metax{kill/copy subtree}{C-c C-x C-w/M-w} +\metax{yank subtree}{C-c C-x C-y or C-y} +\metax{narrow buffer to subtree / widen}{C-x n s/w} + +\section{Capture - Refile - Archiving} +\key{capture a new item (C-u C-u = goto last)}{C-c c \noteone} +\key{refile subtree (C-u C-u = goto last)}{C-c C-w} +\key{archive subtree using the default command}{C-c C-x C-a} +\key{move subtree to archive file}{C-c C-x C-s} +\key{toggle ARCHIVE tag / to ARCHIVE sibling}{C-c C-x a/A} +\key{force cycling of an ARCHIVEd tree}{C-TAB} + +\section{Filtering and Sparse Trees} + +\key{construct a sparse tree by various criteria}{C-c /} +\key{view TODO's in sparse tree}{C-c / t/T} +\key{global TODO list in agenda mode}{C-c a t \noteone} + +\section{Tables} + +{\bf Creating a table} + +%\metax{insert a new Org-mode table}{M-x org-table-create} +\metax{just start typing, e.g.}{|Name|Phone|Age RET |- TAB} +\key{convert region to table}{C-c |} +\key{... separator at least 3 spaces}{C-3 C-c |} + +{\bf Commands available inside tables} + +The following commands work when the cursor is {\it inside a table}. +Outside of tables, the same keys may have other functionality. + +{\bf Re-aligning and field motion} + +\key{re-align the table without moving the cursor}{C-c C-c} +\key{re-align the table, move to next field}{TAB} +\key{move to previous field}{S-TAB} +\key{re-align the table, move to next row}{RET} +\key{move to beginning/end of field}{M-a/e} + +{\bf Row and column editing} + +\key{move the current column left}{M-LEFT/RIGHT} +\key{kill the current column}{M-S-LEFT} +\key{insert new column to left of cursor position}{M-S-RIGHT} + +\key{move the current row up/down}{M-UP/DOWN} +\key{kill the current row or horizontal line}{M-S-UP} +\key{insert new row above the current row}{M-S-DOWN} +\key{insert hline below (\kbd{C-u} : above) current row}{C-c -} +\key{insert hline and move to line below it}{C-c RET} +\key{sort lines in region}{C-c \^{}} + +{\bf Regions} + +\metax{cut/copy/paste rectangular region}{C-c C-x C-w/M-w/C-y} +%\key{copy rectangular region}{C-c C-x M-w} +%\key{paste rectangular region}{C-c C-x C-y} + +{\bf Miscellaneous} + +\key{to limit column width to \kbd{N} characters, use}{...| |...} +\key{edit the current field in a separate window}{C-c `} +\key{make current field fully visible}{C-u TAB} +\metax{export as tab-separated file}{M-x org-table-export} +\metax{import tab-separated file}{M-x org-table-import} +\key{sum numbers in current column/rectangle}{C-c +} + +{\bf Tables created with the \kbd{table.el} package} + +\key{insert a new \kbd{table.el} table}{C-c ~} +\key{recognize existing table.el table}{C-c C-c} +\key{convert table (Org-mode $\leftrightarrow$ table.el)}{C-c ~} + +{\bf Spreadsheet} + +Formulas typed in field are executed by \kbd{TAB}, +\kbd{RET} and \kbd{C-c C-c}. \kbd{=} introduces a column +formula, \kbd{:=} a field formula. + +\key{Example: Add Col1 and Col2}{|=\$1+\$2 |} +\key{... with printf format specification}{|=\$1+\$2;\%.2f|} +\key{... with constants from constants.el}{|=\$1/\$c/\$cm |} +\metax{sum from 2nd to 3rd hline}{|:=vsum(@II..@III)|} +\key{apply current column formula}{| = |} + +\key{set and eval column formula}{C-c =} +\key{set and eval field formula}{C-u C-c =} +\key{re-apply all stored equations to current line}{C-c *} +\key{re-apply all stored equations to entire table}{C-u C-c *} +\key{iterate table to stability}{C-u C-u C-c *} +\key{rotate calculation mark through \# * ! \^ \_ \$}{C-\#} +\key{show line, column, formula reference}{C-c ?} +\key{toggle grid / debugger}{C-c \}/\{} + +\newcolumn +{\it Formula Editor} + +\key{edit formulas in separate buffer}{C-c '} +\key{exit and install new formulas}{C-c C-c} +\key{exit, install, and apply new formulas}{C-u C-c C-c} +\key{abort}{C-c C-q} +\key{toggle reference style}{C-c C-r} +\key{pretty-print Lisp formula}{TAB} +\key{complete Lisp symbol}{M-TAB} +\key{shift reference point}{S-cursor} +\key{shift test line for column references}{M-up/down} +\key{scroll the window showing the table}{M-S-up/down} +\key{toggle table coordinate grid}{C-c \}} + +\section{Links} + +\key{globally store link to the current location}{C-c l \noteone} +\key{insert a link (TAB completes stored links)}{C-c C-l} +\key{insert file link with file name completion}{C-u C-c C-l} +\key{edit (also hidden part of) link at point}{C-c C-l} + +\key{open file links in emacs}{C-c C-o} +\key{...force open in emacs/other window}{C-u C-c C-o} +\key{open link at point}{mouse-1/2} +\key{...force open in emacs/other window}{mouse-3} +\key{record a position in mark ring}{C-c \%} +\key{jump back to last followed link(s)}{C-c \&} +\key{find next link}{C-c C-x C-n} +\key{find previous link}{C-c C-x C-p} +\key{edit code snippet of file at point}{C-c '} +\key{toggle inline display of linked images}{C-c C-x C-v} + +\section{Working with Code (Babel)} + +\key{execute code block at point}{C-c C-c} +\key{open results of code block at point}{C-c C-o} +\key{check code block at point for errors}{C-c C-v c} +\key{insert a header argument with completion}{C-c C-v j} +\key{view expanded body of code block at point}{C-c C-v v} +\key{view information about code block at point}{C-c C-v I} +\key{go to named code block}{C-c C-v g} +\key{go to named result}{C-c C-v r} +\key{go to the head of the current code block}{C-c C-v u} +\key{go to the next code block}{C-c C-v n} +\key{go to the previous code block}{C-c C-v p} +\key{demarcate a code block}{C-c C-v d} +\key{execute next key sequence in code edit buffer}{C-c C-v x} +\key{execute all code blocks in current buffer}{C-c C-v b} +\key{execute all code blocks in current subtree}{C-c C-v s} +\key{tangle code blocks in current file}{C-c C-v t} +\key{tangle code blocks in supplied file}{C-c C-v f} +\key{ingest all code blocks in supplied file into the Library of Babel}{C-c C-v i} +\key{switch to the session of the current code block}{C-c C-v z} +\key{load the current code block into a session}{C-c C-v l} +\key{view sha1 hash of the current code block}{C-c C-v a} + +\section{Completion and Template Insertion} + +In-buffer completion completes TODO keywords at headline start, TeX +macros after ``{\tt \\}'', option keywords after ``{\tt \#-}'', TAGS +after ``{\tt :}'', and dictionary words elsewhere. + +\key{complete word at point}{M-TAB} +\key{structure template (insert or wrap region)}{C-c C-,} + + +\newcolumn +\title{Org-Mode Reference Card (2/2)} + +\centerline{(for version \orgversionnumber)} + +\section{TODO Items and Checkboxes} + +\key{rotate the state of the current item}{C-c C-t} +\metax{select next/previous state}{\quad\quad S-LEFT/RIGHT} +\metax{select next/previous set}{\quad\quad\quad C-S-LEFT/RIGHT} +\key{toggle ORDERED property}{C-c C-x o} + +\key{view TODO items in a sparse tree}{C-c / t} +\key{view 3rd TODO keyword's sparse tree}{C-3 C-c / t} +\key{set the priority of the current item}{C-c , [ABC]} +\key{remove priority cookie from current item}{C-c , SPC} +\key{raise/lower priority of current item}{S-UP/DOWN\notetwo} + +\key{insert new checkbox item in plain list}{M-S-RET} +\key{toggle checkbox(es) in region/entry/at point}{C-c C-x C-b} +\key{toggle checkbox at point}{C-c C-c} +%\metax{checkbox statistics cookies: insert {\tt [/]} or {\tt [\%]}}{} +\key{update checkbox statistics (\kbd{C-u} : whole file)}{C-c \#} + +\section{Tags} + +\key{set tags for current heading}{C-c C-q} +\key{realign tags in all headings}{C-u C-c C-q} +\key{create sparse tree with matching tags}{C-c \\} +\key{globally (agenda) match tags at cursor}{C-c C-o} + +\section{Properties and Column View} + +\key{set property/effort}{C-c C-x p/e} +\key{special commands in property lines}{C-c C-c} +\key{next/previous allowed value}{S-LEFT/RIGHT} +\key{turn on column view}{C-c C-x C-c} +\key{capture columns view in dynamic block}{C-c C-x x} + +\key{quit column view}{q} +\key{show full value}{v} +\key{edit value}{e} +\metax{next/previous allowed value}{n/p or S-LEFT/RIGHT} +\key{edit allowed values list}{a} +\key{make column wider/narrower}{> / <} +\key{move column left/right}{M-LEFT/RIGHT} +\key{add new column}{M-S-RIGHT} +\key{Delete current column}{M-S-LEFT} + + +\section{Timestamps} + +\key{prompt for date and insert timestamp}{C-c .} +\key{like \kbd{C-c .} but insert date and time format}{C-u C-c .} +\key{like \kbd{C-c .} but make stamp inactive}{C-c !} % FIXME +\key{insert DEADLINE timestamp}{C-c C-d} +\key{insert SCHEDULED timestamp}{C-c C-s} +\key{create sparse tree with all deadlines due}{C-c / d} +\key{the time between 2 dates in a time range}{C-c C-y} +\metax{change timestamp at cursor $\pm 1$ day}{\quad\quad\quad\quad S-RIGHT/LEFT \notetwo} +\key{change year/month/day at cursor by $\pm 1$}{S-UP/DOWN \notetwo} +\key{access the calendar for the current date}{C-c >} +\key{insert timestamp matching date in calendar}{C-c <} +\key{access agenda for current date}{C-c C-o} +\key{select date while prompted}{mouse-1/RET} +%\key{... select date in calendar}{mouse-1/RET} +%\key{... scroll calendar back/forward one month}{< / >} +%\key{... forward/backward one day}{S-LEFT/RIGHT} +%\key{... forward/backward one week}{S-UP/DOWN} +%\key{... forward/backward one month}{M-S-LEFT/RIGHT} +\key{toggle custom format display for dates/times}{C-c C-x C-t} + +\newcolumn + +{\bf Clocking time} + +\key{start clock on current item}{C-c C-x C-i} +\key{stop/cancel clock on current item}{C-c C-x C-o/x} +\key{display total subtree times}{C-c C-x C-d} +\key{remove displayed times}{C-c C-c} +\key{insert/update table with clock report}{C-c C-x C-x} + +\section{Agenda Views} + +\key{add/move current file to front of agenda}{C-c [} +\key{remove current file from your agenda}{C-c ]} +\key{cycle through agenda file list}{C-'} +\key{set/remove restriction lock}{C-c C-x } + +\key{compile agenda for the current week}{C-c a a \noteone} +\key{compile global TODO list}{C-c a t \noteone} +\key{compile TODO list for specific keyword}{C-c a T \noteone} +\key{match tags, TODO kwds, properties}{C-c a m \noteone} +\key{match only in TODO entries}{C-c a M \noteone} +\key{find stuck projects}{C-c a \# \noteone} +\key{configure custom commands}{C-c a C \noteone} +%\key{configure stuck projects}{C-c a ! \noteone} +\key{agenda for date at cursor}{C-c C-o} + +{\bf Commands available in an agenda buffer} + +{\bf View Org file} + +\key{show original location of item}{SPC/mouse-3} +%\key{... also available with}{mouse-3} +\key{show and recenter window}{L} +\key{goto original location in other window}{TAB/mouse-2} +%\key{... also available with}{mouse-2} +\key{goto original location, delete other windows}{RET} +\key{show subtree in indirect buffer, ded.\ frame}{C-c C-x b} +\key{toggle follow-mode}{F} + +{\bf Change display} + +\key{delete other windows}{o} +\key{view mode dispatcher}{v} +\key{switch to day/week/month/year/def view}{d w vm vy vSP} +\key{toggle diary entries / time grid / habits}{D / G / K} +\key{toggle entry text / clock report}{E / R} +\key{toggle display of logbook entries}{l / v l/L/c} +\key{toggle inclusion of archived trees/files}{v a/A} +\key{refresh agenda buffer with any changes}{r / g} +\key{filter with respect to a tag}{/} +\key{save all org-mode buffers}{s} +\key{display next/previous day,week,...}{f / b} +\key{goto today / some date (prompt)}{. / j} + +{\bf Remote editing} + +\key{digit argument}{0-9} +\key{change state of current TODO item}{t} +\key{kill item and source}{C-k} +\key{archive default}{\$ / a} +\key{refile the subtree}{C-c C-w} +\key{set/show tags of current headline}{: / T} +\key{set effort property (prefix=nth)}{e} +\key{set / compute priority of current item}{, / P} +\key{raise/lower priority of current item}{S-UP/DOWN\notetwo} +\key{run an attachment command}{C-c C-a} +\key{schedule/set deadline for this item}{C-c C-s/d} +\metax{change timestamp one day earlier/later}{S-LEFT/RIGHT\notetwo} +\key{change timestamp to today}{>} +\key{insert new entry into diary}{i} +\newcolumn +\key{start/stop/cancel the clock on current item}{I / O / X} +\key{jump to running clock entry}{J} +\key{mark / unmark / execute bulk action}{m / u / B} + +{\bf Misc} + +\key{follow one or offer all links in current entry}{C-c C-o} + +{\bf Calendar commands} + +\key{find agenda cursor date in calendar}{c} +\key{compute agenda for calendar cursor date}{c} +\key{show phases of the moon}{M} +\key{show sunrise/sunset times}{S} +\key{show holidays}{H} +\key{convert date to other calendars}{C} + +{\bf Quit and Exit} + +\key{quit agenda, remove agenda buffer}{q} +\key{exit agenda, remove all agenda buffers}{x} + +\section{LaTeX and cdlatex-mode} + +\key{preview LaTeX fragment}{C-c C-x C-l} +\key{expand abbreviation (cdlatex-mode)}{TAB} +\key{insert/modify math symbol (cdlatex-mode)}{` / '} +\key{insert citation using RefTeX}{C-c C-x [} + +\section{Exporting and Publishing} + +Exporting creates files with extensions {\it .txt\/} and {\it .html\/} +in the current directory. Publishing puts the resulting file into +some other place. + +\key{export/publish dispatcher}{C-c C-e} + +\key{toggle asynchronous export}{C-c C-e C-a} +\key{toggle body/visible only export}{C-c C-e C-b/v} +\key{toggle subtree export}{C-c C-e C-s} +\key{insert template of export options}{C-c C-e \#} + +\key{toggle fixed width for entry or region}{C-c :} +\key{toggle pretty display of scripts, entities}{C-c C-x {\tt\char`\\}} + +Lines starting with \kbd{\#} and subtrees starting with COMMENT are +never exported. + +\key{toggle COMMENT keyword on entry}{C-c ;} + +\section{Dynamic Blocks} + +\key{update dynamic block at point}{C-c C-x C-u} +\metax{update all dynamic blocks}{C-u C-c C-x C-u} + +\section{Notes} +[1] This is only a suggestion for a binding of this command. Choose +your own key as shown under ACTIVATION. + +[2] Keybinding affected by {\tt org-support-shift-select} and also + {\tt org-replace-disputed-keys}. + +\copyrightnotice + +\bye + +% Local variables: +% compile-command: "pdftex orgcard" +% End: diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/orgguide.texi b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/orgguide.texi new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5b4a1164 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/orgguide.texi @@ -0,0 +1,2688 @@ +\input texinfo @c -*- texinfo -*- +@c %**start of header +@setfilename orgguide.info +@settitle Org Mode Compact Guide +@documentencoding UTF-8 +@documentlanguage en +@set txicodequoteundirected +@set txicodequotebacktick +@set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{https://orgmode.org,maintainers webpage} +@set MAINTAINER Bastien Guerry +@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{bzg@gnu.org} +@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:bzg@gnu.org,contact the maintainer} +@c %**end of header + +@copying +Copyright @copyright{} 2004--2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +@quotation +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no +Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' +and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license +is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.'' +in the full Org manual, which is distributed together with this +compact guide. + +(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and +modify this GNU manual.'' + +@end quotation +@end copying + +@dircategory Emacs editing modes +@direntry +* Org Guide: (orgguide). Abbreviated Org mode manual. +@end direntry + +@finalout +@titlepage +@title Org Mode Compact Guide +@subtitle Release 9.5 +@author The Org Mode Developers +@page +@vskip 0pt plus 1filll +@insertcopying +@end titlepage + +@contents + +@ifnottex +@node Top +@top Org Mode Compact Guide + +@insertcopying +@end ifnottex + +@menu +* Introduction:: Welcome! +* Document Structure:: A tree works like your brain. +* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting. +* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context. +* TODO Items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item. +* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags. +* Properties:: Storing information about an entry. +* Dates and Times:: Making items useful for planning. +* Capture, Refile, Archive: Capture Refile Archive. The ins and outs for projects. +* Agenda Views:: Collecting information into views. +* Markup:: Compose beautiful documents. +* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing notes. +* Publishing:: Create a web site of linked Org files. +* Working with Source Code:: Export, evaluate, and tangle code blocks. +* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere. + +@detailmenu +--- The Detailed Node Listing --- + +Document Structure + +* Headlines:: How to typeset Org tree nodes. +* Visibility Cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified. +* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines. +* Structure Editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines. +* Sparse Trees:: Matches embedded in context. +* Plain Lists:: Additional structure within an entry. + +TODO Items + +* TODO Basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries. +* Multi-state Workflow:: More than just on/off. +* Progress Logging:: Dates and notes for progress. +* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others. +* Breaking Down Tasks:: Splitting a task into manageable pieces. +* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists. + +Dates and Times + +* Timestamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry. +* Creating Timestamps:: Commands that insert timestamps. +* Deadlines and Scheduling:: Planning your work. +* Clocking Work Time:: Tracking how long you spent on a task. + +Capture, Refile, Archive + +* Capture:: Capturing new stuff. +* Refile and Copy:: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another. +* Archiving:: What to do with finished products. + +Agenda Views + +* Agenda Files:: Files being searched for agenda information. +* Agenda Dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views. +* Built-in Agenda Views:: What is available out of the box? +* Global TODO List:: All unfinished action items. +* Matching Tags and Properties:: Structured information with fine-tuned search. +* Search View:: Find entries by searching for text. +* Agenda Commands:: Remote editing of Org trees. +* Custom Agenda Views:: Defining special searches and views. + +Markup + +* Paragraphs:: The basic unit of text. +* Emphasis and Monospace:: Bold, italic, etc. +* Embedded @LaTeX{}:: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents. +* Literal examples:: Source code examples with special formatting. +* Images:: Display an image. +* Creating Footnotes:: Edit and read footnotes. + +Exporting + +* The Export Dispatcher:: The main interface. +* Export Settings:: Common export settings. +* Table of Contents:: The if and where of the table of contents. +* Include Files:: Include additional files into a document. +* Comment Lines:: What will not be exported. +* ASCII/UTF-8 Export:: Exporting to flat files with encoding. +* HTML Export:: Exporting to HTML. +* @LaTeX{} Export:: Exporting to @LaTeX{} and processing to PDF. +* iCalendar Export:: Exporting to iCalendar. + +@end detailmenu +@end menu + +@node Introduction +@chapter Introduction + +Org is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, and doing +project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system. It is +also an authoring and publishing system, and it supports working with +source code for literal programming and reproducible research. + +This document is a much compressed derivative of the @ref{Top,comprehensive Org +mode manual,,org,}. It contains all basic features and commands, along with +important hints for customization. It is intended for beginners who +would shy back from a 200 pages manual because of sheer size. + +@anchor{Installation} +@heading Installation + +@quotation Important +If you are using a version of Org that is part of the Emacs +distribution, please skip this section and go directly to @ref{Activation}. + +@end quotation + +If you have downloaded Org from the web, either as a distribution +@samp{.zip} or @samp{.tar} file, or as a Git archive, it is best to run it +directly from the distribution directory. You need to add the @samp{lisp/} +subdirectories to the Emacs load path. To do this, add the following +line to your Emacs init file: + +@example +(add-to-list 'load-path "~/path/to/orgdir/lisp") +@end example + + +@noindent +If you have been using git or a tar ball to get Org, you need to run +the following command to generate autoload information. + +@example +make autoloads +@end example + +@anchor{Activation} +@heading Activation + +Add the following lines to your Emacs init file to define @emph{global} +keys for three commands that are useful in any Emacs buffer, not just +Org buffers. Please choose suitable keys yourself. + +@lisp +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c l") #'org-store-link) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c a") #'org-agenda) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-c c") #'org-capture) +@end lisp + +Files with extension @samp{.org} will be put into Org mode automatically. + +@anchor{Feedback} +@heading Feedback + +If you find problems with Org, or if you have questions, remarks, or +ideas about it, please mail to the Org mailing list +@email{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org}. For information on how to submit bug +reports, see the main manual. + +@node Document Structure +@chapter Document Structure + +Org is an outliner. Outlines allow a document to be organized in +a hierarchical structure, which, least for me, is the best +representation of notes and thoughts. An overview of this structure +is achieved by folding, i.e., hiding large parts of the document to +show only the general document structure and the parts currently being +worked on. Org greatly simplifies the use of outlines by compressing +the entire show and hide functionalities into a single command, +@code{org-cycle}, which is bound to the @kbd{@key{TAB}} key. + +@menu +* Headlines:: How to typeset Org tree nodes. +* Visibility Cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified. +* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines. +* Structure Editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines. +* Sparse Trees:: Matches embedded in context. +* Plain Lists:: Additional structure within an entry. +@end menu + +@node Headlines +@section Headlines + +Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in +Org start on the left margin@footnote{See the variable @code{org-special-ctrl-a/e} to configure special +behavior of @kbd{C-a} and @kbd{C-e} in headlines.} with one or more stars followed by +a space. For example: + +@example +* Top level headline +** Second level +*** Third level + some text +*** Third level + more text +* Another top level headline +@end example + +Note that a headline named after @code{org-footnote-section}, which +defaults to @samp{Footnotes}, is considered as special. A subtree with +this headline will be silently ignored by exporting functions. + +Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an outline +that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline starters. +See @ref{Miscellaneous} for a setup to realize this. + +@node Visibility Cycling +@section Visibility Cycling + +Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer. +Org uses just two commands, bound to @kbd{@key{TAB}} and +@{@{@{kbd@{S-TAB)@}@}@} to change the visibility in the buffer. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} +@emph{Subtree cycling}: Rotate current subtree among the states + +@example +,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --. +'-----------------------------------' +@end example + + +When called with a prefix argument (@kbd{C-u @key{TAB}}), or with the +Shift key, global cycling is invoked. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} +@itemx @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}} +@emph{Global cycling}: Rotate the entire buffer among the states + +@example +,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --. +'--------------------------------------' +@end example + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-u @key{TAB}} +Show all, including drawers. +@end table + +When Emacs first visits an Org file, the global state is set to +OVERVIEW, i.e., only the top level headlines are visible. This can be +configured through the variable @code{org-startup-folded}, or on a per-file +basis by adding a @samp{STARTUP} keyword to @samp{overview}, @samp{content}, +@samp{showall}, @samp{showeverything} or @samp{showlevels} (n = 2..5) like this: + +@example +#+STARTUP: content +@end example + +@node Motion +@section Motion + +The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-n} +Next heading. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-p} +Previous heading. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-f} +Next heading same level. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-b} +Previous heading same level. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-u} +Backward to higher level heading. +@end table + +@node Structure Editing +@section Structure Editing + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} +Insert new heading with same level as current. If point is in +a plain list item, a new item is created (see @ref{Plain Lists}). When +this command is used in the middle of a line, the line is split and +the rest of the line becomes the new headline@footnote{If you do not want the line to be split, customize the variable +@code{org-M-RET-may-split-line}.}. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} +Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading. + +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} in new +@itemx empty entry +In a new entry with no text yet, @kbd{@key{TAB}} cycles through +reasonable levels. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{M-@key{RIGHT}} +Promote or demote current heading by one level. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}} +@itemx @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} +Move subtree up or down, i.e., swap with previous or next subtree of +same level. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-w} +Refile entry or region to a different location. See @ref{Refile and Copy}. + +@item @kbd{C-x n s} +@itemx @kbd{C-x n w} +Narrow buffer to current subtree and widen it again. +@end table + +When there is an active region (Transient Mark mode), promotion and +demotion work on all headlines in the region. + +@node Sparse Trees +@section Sparse Trees + +An important feature of Org mode is the ability to construct @emph{sparse +trees} for selected information in an outline tree, so that the entire +document is folded as much as possible, but the selected information +is made visible along with the headline structure above it@footnote{See also the variable @code{org-show-context-detail} to decide how +much context is shown around each match.}. +Just try it out and you will see immediately how it works. + +Org mode contains several commands creating such trees, all these +commands can be accessed through a dispatcher: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c /} +This prompts for an extra key to select a sparse-tree creating +command. + +@item @kbd{C-c / r} +Occur. Prompts for a regexp and shows a sparse tree with all +matches. Each match is also highlighted; the highlights disappear +by pressing @kbd{C-c C-c}. + +The other sparse tree commands select headings based on TODO +keywords, tags, or properties and will be discussed later in this +manual. +@end table + +@node Plain Lists +@section Plain Lists + +Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide +additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of +checkboxes (see @ref{Checkboxes}). Org supports editing such lists, and +every exporter (see @ref{Exporting}) can parse and format them. + +Org knows ordered lists, unordered lists, and description lists. + +@itemize +@item +@emph{Unordered} list items start with @samp{-}, @samp{+}, or @samp{*} as bullets. + +@item +@emph{Ordered} list items start with @samp{1.}, or @samp{1)}. + +@item +@emph{Description} list use @samp{::} to separate the @emph{term} from the +description. +@end itemize + +Items belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the +first line. An item ends before the next line that is indented like +its bullet/number, or less. A list ends when all items are closed, or +before two blank lines. An example: + +@example +* Lord of the Rings + My favorite scenes are (in this order) + 1. The attack of the Rohirrim + 2. Eowyn's fight with the witch king + + this was already my favorite scene in the book + + I really like Miranda Otto. + Important actors in this film are: + - Elijah Wood :: He plays Frodo + - Sean Astin :: He plays Sam, Frodo's friend. +@end example + +The following commands act on items when point is in the first line of +an item (the line with the bullet or number). + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} +Items can be folded just like headline levels. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} +Insert new item at current level. With a prefix argument, force +a new heading (see @ref{Structure Editing}). + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} +Insert a new item with a checkbox (see @ref{Checkboxes}). + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{UP}} +@itemx @kbd{M-S-@key{DOWN}} +Move the item including subitems up/down (swap with previous/next +item of same indentation). If the list is ordered, renumbering is +automatic. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{M-@key{RIGHT}} +Decrease/increase the indentation of an item, leaving children +alone. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{M-S-@key{RIGHT}} +Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +If there is a checkbox (see @ref{Checkboxes}) in the item line, toggle +the state of the checkbox. Also verify bullets and indentation +consistency in the whole list. + +@item @kbd{C-c -} +Cycle the entire list level through the different itemize/enumerate +bullets (@samp{-}, @samp{+}, @samp{*}, @samp{1.}, @samp{1)}). +@end table + +@node Tables +@chapter Tables + +Org comes with a fast and intuitive table editor. Spreadsheet-like +calculations are supported in connection with the Emacs Calc package +(see @ref{Top,GNU Emacs Calculator Manual,,calc,}). + +Org makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII@. Any line with @samp{|} +as the first non-whitespace character is considered part of a table. +@samp{|} is also the column separator. A table might look like this: + +@example +| Name | Phone | Age | +|-------+-------+-----| +| Peter | 1234 | 17 | +| Anna | 4321 | 25 | +@end example + +A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press @kbd{@key{TAB}} +or @kbd{@key{RET}} or @kbd{C-c C-c} inside the table. +@kbd{@key{TAB}} also moves to the next field (@kbd{@key{RET}} to the +next row) and creates new table rows at the end of the table or before +horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is set by the first +line. Any line starting with @samp{|-} is considered as a horizontal +separator line and will be expanded on the next re-align to span the +whole table width. So, to create the above table, you would only type + +@example +|Name|Phone|Age| +|- +@end example + + +@noindent +and then press @kbd{@key{TAB}} to align the table and start filling in +fields. Even faster would be to type @samp{|Name|Phone|Age} followed by +@kbd{C-c @key{RET}}. + +When typing text into a field, Org treats @kbd{DEL}, +@kbd{Backspace}, and all character keys in a special way, so that +inserting and deleting avoids shifting other fields. Also, when +typing @emph{immediately after point was moved into a new field with +@kbd{@key{TAB}}, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} or @kbd{@key{RET}}}, the field is +automatically made blank. + +@anchor{Creation and conversion} +@heading Creation and conversion + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c |} +Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least +one @kbd{@key{TAB}} character, the function assumes that the material +is tab separated. If every line contains a comma, comma-separated +values (CSV) are assumed. If not, lines are split at whitespace +into fields. + +If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org +table. But it is easier just to start typing, like @kbd{| N a m e | P h o n e | A g e @key{RET} | - @key{TAB}}. +@end table + +@anchor{Re-aligning and field motion} +@heading Re-aligning and field motion + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +Re-align the table without moving point. + +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} +Re-align the table, move to the next field. Creates a new row if +necessary. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} +Re-align, move to previous field. + +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} +Re-align the table and move down to next row. Creates a new row if +necessary. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +Move a cell up, down, left, and right by swapping with adjacent +cell. +@end table + +@anchor{Column and row editing} +@heading Column and row editing + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-@key{LEFT}}, @kbd{M-@key{RIGHT}} +Move the current column left/right. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{LEFT}} +Kill the current column. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RIGHT}} +Insert a new column to the left of point position. + +@item @kbd{M-@key{UP}}, @kbd{M-@key{DOWN}} +Move the current row up/down. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{UP}} +Kill the current row or horizontal line. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{DOWN}} +Insert a new row above the current row. With a prefix argument, the +line is created below the current one. + +@item @kbd{C-c -} +Insert a horizontal line below current row. With a prefix argument, +the line is created above the current line. + +@item @kbd{C-c @key{RET}} +Insert a horizontal line below current row, and move the point into +the row below that line. + +@item @kbd{C-c ^} +Sort the table lines in the region. The position of point indicates +the column to be used for sorting, and the range of lines is the +range between the nearest horizontal separator lines, or the entire +table. +@end table + +@node Hyperlinks +@chapter Hyperlinks + +Like HTML, Org provides links inside a file, external links to other +files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more. + +Org recognizes plain URIs, possibly wrapped within angle brackets, and +activate them as clickable links. The general link format, however, +looks like this: + +@example +[[LINK][DESCRIPTION]] +@end example + + +@noindent +or alternatively + +@example +[[LINK]] +@end example + + +Once a link in the buffer is complete, with all brackets present, Org +changes the display so that @samp{DESCRIPTION} is displayed instead of +@samp{[[LINK][DESCRIPTION]]} and @samp{LINK} is displayed instead of @samp{[[LINK]]}. +To edit the invisible @var{LINK} part, use @kbd{C-c C-l} +with the point on the link. + +@anchor{Internal links} +@heading Internal links + +If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal +in the current file. The most important case is a link like +@samp{[[#my-custom-id]]} which links to the entry with the @samp{CUSTOM_ID} property +@samp{my-custom-id}. + +Links such as @samp{[[My Target]]} or @samp{[[My Target][Find my target]]} lead +to a text search in the current file for the corresponding target, +which looks like @samp{<>}. + +@anchor{External Links} +@heading External Links + +Org supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages, BBDB +database entries and links to both IRC conversations and their logs. +External links are URL-like locators. They start with a short +identifying string followed by a colon. There can be no space after +the colon. Here are some examples: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{http://www.astro.uva.nl/=dominik} +@tab on the web +@item @samp{file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg} +@tab file, absolute path +@item @samp{/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg} +@tab same as above +@item @samp{file:papers/last.pdf} +@tab file, relative path +@item @samp{./papers/last.pdf} +@tab same as above +@item @samp{file:projects.org} +@tab another Org file +@item @samp{docview:papers/last.pdf::NNN} +@tab open in DocView mode at page @var{NNN} +@item @samp{id:B7423F4D-2E8A-471B-8810-C40F074717E9} +@tab link to heading by ID +@item @samp{news:comp.emacs} +@tab Usenet link +@item @samp{mailto:adent@@galaxy.net} +@tab mail link +@item @samp{mhe:folder#id} +@tab MH-E message link +@item @samp{rmail:folder#id} +@tab Rmail message link +@item @samp{gnus:group#id} +@tab Gnus article link +@item @samp{bbdb:R.*Stallman} +@tab BBDB link (with regexp) +@item @samp{irc:/irc.com/#emacs/bob} +@tab IRC link +@item @samp{info:org#Hyperlinks} +@tab Info node link +@end multitable + +File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to +a particular location in the file when following a link. This can be +a line number or a search option after a double colon. Here are a few +examples,, together with an explanation: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{file:~/code/main.c::255} +@tab Find line 255 +@item @samp{file:~/xx.org::My Target} +@tab Find @samp{<>} +@item @samp{[[file:~/xx.org::#my-custom-id]]} +@tab Find entry with a custom ID +@end multitable + +@anchor{Handling Links} +@heading Handling Links + +Org provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to insert +it into an Org file, and to follow the link. + +The main function is @code{org-store-link}, called with @kbd{M-x org-store-link}. Because of its importance, we suggest to bind it +to a widely available key (see @ref{Activation}). It stores a link to the +current location. The link is stored for later insertion into an Org +buffer---see below. + +From an Org buffer, the following commands create, navigate or, more +generally, act on links. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-l} +Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the +buffer. You can just type a link, or use history keys @kbd{@key{UP}} +and @kbd{@key{DOWN}} to access stored links. You will be prompted +for the description part of the link. + +When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, file name +completion is used to link to a file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-l} (with point on existing link) +When point is on an existing link, @kbd{C-c C-l} allows you to +edit the link and description parts of the link. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-o} +Open link at point. + +@item @kbd{C-c &} +Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the +commands following internal links, and by @kbd{C-c %}. Using +this command several times in direct succession moves through a ring +of previously recorded positions. +@end table + +@node TODO Items +@chapter TODO Items + +Org mode does not require TODO lists to live in separate documents. +Instead, TODO items are part of a notes file, because TODO items +usually come up while taking notes! With Org mode, simply mark any +entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, information is not +duplicated, and TODO items remain in the context from which they +emerged. + +Org mode provides methods to give you an overview of all the things +that you have to do, collected from many files. + +@menu +* TODO Basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries. +* Multi-state Workflow:: More than just on/off. +* Progress Logging:: Dates and notes for progress. +* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others. +* Breaking Down Tasks:: Splitting a task into manageable pieces. +* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists. +@end menu + +@node TODO Basics +@section Basic TODO Functionality + +Any headline becomes a TODO item when it starts with the word @samp{TODO}, +for example: + +@example +*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune +@end example + + +The most important commands to work with TODO entries are: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-t} +Rotate the TODO state of the current item among + +@example +,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --. +'--------------------------------' +@end example + + +The same rotation can also be done ``remotely'' from the agenda buffer +with the @kbd{t} command key (see @ref{Agenda Commands}). + +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling. + +@item @kbd{C-c / t} +View TODO items in a @emph{sparse tree} (see @ref{Sparse Trees}). Folds the +entire buffer, but shows all TODO items---with not-DONE state---and +the headings hierarchy above them. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda t} +Show the global TODO list. Collects the TODO items (with not-DONE +states) from all agenda files (see @ref{Agenda Views}) into a single +buffer. See @ref{Global TODO List}, for more information. + +@item @kbd{S-M-@key{RET}} +Insert a new TODO entry below the current one. +@end table + +Changing a TODO state can also trigger tag changes. See the docstring +of the option @code{org-todo-state-tags-triggers} for details. + +@node Multi-state Workflow +@section Multi-state Workflow + +You can use TODO keywords to indicate @@emph@{sequential@} working progress +states: + +@lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "|" "DONE" "DELEGATED"))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +The vertical bar separates the @samp{TODO} keywords (states that @emph{need +action}) from the @samp{DONE} states (which need @emph{no further action}). If +you do not provide the separator bar, the last state is used as the +@samp{DONE} state. With this setup, the command @kbd{C-c C-t} cycles +an entry from @samp{TODO} to @samp{FEEDBACK}, then to @samp{VERIFY}, and finally to +@samp{DONE} and @samp{DELEGATED}. + +Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in +parallel. For example, you may want to have the basic @samp{TODO=/=DONE}, +but also a workflow for bug fixing. Your setup would then look like +this: + +@lisp +(setq org-todo-keywords + '((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(d)") + (sequence "REPORT(r)" "BUG(b)" "KNOWNCAUSE(k)" "|" "FIXED(f)"))) +@end lisp + +@noindent +The keywords should all be different, this helps Org mode to keep +track of which subsequence should be used for a given entry. The +example also shows how to define keys for fast access of a particular +state, by adding a letter in parenthesis after each keyword---you will +be prompted for the key after @kbd{C-c C-t}. + +To define TODO keywords that are valid only in a single file, use the +following text anywhere in the file. + +@example +#+TODO: TODO(t) | DONE(d) +#+TODO: REPORT(r) BUG(b) KNOWNCAUSE(k) | FIXED(f) +#+TODO: | CANCELED(c) +@end example + +After changing one of these lines, use @kbd{C-c C-c} with the +cursor still in the line to make the changes known to Org mode. + +@node Progress Logging +@section Progress Logging + +To record a timestamp and a note when changing a TODO state, call the +command @code{org-todo} with a prefix argument. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-t} +Prompt for a note and record a the time of the TODO state change. +@end table + +Org mode can also automatically record a timestamp and optionally a +note when you mark a TODO item as DONE, or even each time you change +the state of a TODO item. This system is highly configurable, +settings can be on a per-keyword basis and can be localized to a file +or even a subtree. For information on how to clock working time for a +task, see @ref{Clocking Work Time}. + +@anchor{Closing items} +@subheading Closing items + +The most basic logging is to keep track of @emph{when} a certain TODO item +was marked as done. This can be achieved with@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is @samp{#+STARTUP: logdone}.} + +@lisp +(setq org-log-done 'time) +@end lisp + +@noindent +Then each time you turn an entry from a TODO (not-done) state into any +of the DONE states, a line @samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} is inserted just +after the headline. + +If you want to record a note along with the timestamp, use@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is @samp{#+STARTUP: +logenotedone}.} + +@lisp +(setq org-log-done 'note) +@end lisp + +@noindent +You are then be prompted for a note, and that note is stored below the +entry with a @samp{Closing Note} heading. + +@anchor{Tracking TODO state changes} +@subheading Tracking TODO state changes + +You might want to keep track of TODO state changes. You can either +record just a timestamp, or a time-stamped note for a change. These +records are inserted after the headline as an itemized list. When +taking a lot of notes, you might want to get the notes out of the way +into a drawer. Customize the variable @code{org-log-into-drawer} to get +this behavior. + +For state logging, Org mode expects configuration on a per-keyword +basis. This is achieved by adding special markers @samp{!} (for +a timestamp) and @samp{@@} (for a note) in parentheses after each keyword. +For example: + +@example +#+TODO: TODO(t) WAIT(w@@/!) | DONE(d!) CANCELED(c@@) +@end example + + +@noindent +defines TODO keywords and fast access keys, and also request that +a time is recorded when the entry is set to @samp{DONE}, and that a note is +recorded when switching to @samp{WAIT} or @samp{CANCELED}. The same syntax +works also when setting @code{org-todo-keywords}. + +@node Priorities +@section Priorities + +If you use Org mode extensively, you may end up with enough TODO items +that it starts to make sense to prioritize them. Prioritizing can be +done by placing a @emph{priority cookie} into the headline of a TODO item, +like this + +@example +*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune +@end example + + +Org mode supports three priorities: @samp{A}, @samp{B}, and @samp{C}. @samp{A} is the +highest, @samp{B} the default if none is given. Priorities make +a difference only in the agenda. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c ,} +Set the priority of the current headline. Press @kbd{A}, +@kbd{B} or @kbd{C} to select a priority, or @kbd{@key{SPC}} +to remove the cookie. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} (@code{org-priority-up}) +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} (@code{org-priority-down}) +Increase/decrease the priority of the current headline. +@end table + +@node Breaking Down Tasks +@section Breaking Tasks Down into Subtasks + +It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, +manageable subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree +below a TODO item, with detailed subtasks on the tree. To keep an +overview of the fraction of subtasks that have already been marked +as done, insert either @samp{[/]} or @samp{[%]} anywhere in the headline. These +cookies are updated each time the TODO status of a child changes, or +when pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} on the cookie. For example: + +@example +* Organize Party [33%] +** TODO Call people [1/2] +*** TODO Peter +*** DONE Sarah +** TODO Buy food +** DONE Talk to neighbor +@end example + +@node Checkboxes +@section Checkboxes + +Every item in a plain list (see @ref{Plain Lists}) can be made into +a checkbox by starting it with the string @samp{[ ]}. Checkboxes are not +included into the global TODO list, so they are often great to split +a task into a number of simple steps. + +Here is an example of a checkbox list. + +@example +* TODO Organize party [2/4] + - [-] call people [1/2] + - [ ] Peter + - [X] Sarah + - [X] order food +@end example + +Checkboxes work hierarchically, so if a checkbox item has children +that are checkboxes, toggling one of the children checkboxes makes the +parent checkbox reflect if none, some, or all of the children are +checked. + +The following commands work with checkboxes: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +Toggle checkbox status or---with prefix argument---checkbox presence +at point. + +@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} +Insert a new item with a checkbox. This works only if point is +already in a plain list item (see @ref{Plain Lists}). +@end table + +@node Tags +@chapter Tags + +An excellent way to implement labels and contexts for +cross-correlating information is to assign @emph{tags} to headlines. Org +mode has extensive support for tags. + +Every headline can contain a list of tags; they occur at the end of +the headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, @samp{_}, +and @samp{@@}. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon, e.g., +@samp{:work:}. Several tags can be specified, as in @samp{:work:urgent:}. Tags +by default are in bold face with the same color as the headline. + +@anchor{Tag inheritance} +@heading Tag inheritance + +Tags make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If +a heading has a certain tag, all subheadings inherit the tag as well. +For example, in the list + +@example +* Meeting with the French group :work: +** Summary by Frank :boss:notes: +*** TODO Prepare slides for him :action: +@end example + +@noindent +the final heading has the tags @samp{work}, @samp{boss}, @samp{notes}, and @samp{action} +even though the final heading is not explicitly marked with those +tags. + +You can also set tags that all entries in a file should inherit just +as if these tags were defined in a hypothetical level zero that +surrounds the entire file. Use a line like this@footnote{As with all these in-buffer settings, pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} activates any changes in the line.}: + +@example +#+FILETAGS: :Peter:Boss:Secret: +@end example + +@anchor{Setting tags} +@heading Setting tags + +Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline. +After a colon, @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} offers completion on tags. There is +also a special command for inserting tags: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-q} +Enter new tags for the current headline. Org mode either offers +completion or a special single-key interface for setting tags, see +below. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +When point is in a headline, this does the same as @kbd{C-c C-q}. +@end table + +Org supports tag insertion based on a @emph{list of tags}. By default this +list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags currently used in +the buffer. You may also globally specify a hard list of tags with +the variable @code{org-tag-alist}. Finally you can set the default tags +for a given file using the @samp{TAGS} keyword, like + +@example +#+TAGS: @@work @@home @@tennisclub +#+TAGS: laptop car pc sailboat +@end example + + +By default Org mode uses the standard minibuffer completion facilities +for entering tags. However, it also implements another, quicker, tag +selection method called @emph{fast tag selection}. This allows you to +select and deselect tags with just a single key press. For this to +work well you should assign unique letters to most of your commonly +used tags. You can do this globally by configuring the variable +@code{org-tag-alist} in your Emacs init file. For example, you may find +the need to tag many items in different files with @samp{@@home}. In this +case you can set something like: + +@lisp +(setq org-tag-alist '(("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h) ("laptop" . ?l))) +@end lisp + +If the tag is only relevant to the file you are working on, then you +can instead set the @samp{TAGS} keyword as: + +@example +#+TAGS: @@work(w) @@home(h) @@tennisclub(t) laptop(l) pc(p) +@end example + +@anchor{Tag groups} +@heading Tag groups + +A tag can be defined as a @emph{group tag} for a set of other tags. The +group tag can be seen as the ``broader term'' for its set of tags. + +You can set group tags by using brackets and inserting a colon between +the group tag and its related tags: + +@example +#+TAGS: [ GTD : Control Persp ] +@end example + + +@noindent +or, if tags in the group should be mutually exclusive: + +@example +#+TAGS: @{ Context : @@Home @@Work @} +@end example + + +When you search for a group tag, it return matches for all members in +the group and its subgroups. In an agenda view, filtering by a group +tag displays or hide headlines tagged with at least one of the members +of the group or any of its subgroups. + +If you want to ignore group tags temporarily, toggle group tags +support with @code{org-toggle-tags-groups}, bound to @kbd{C-c C-x q}. + +@anchor{Tag searches} +@heading Tag searches + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c / m} or @kbd{C-c \} +Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search. +With a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not +a TODO line. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda m} +Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. See +@ref{Matching Tags and Properties}. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda M} +Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check +only TODO items and force checking subitems (see the option +@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}). +@end table + +These commands all prompt for a match string which allows basic +Boolean logic like @samp{+boss+urgent-project1}, to find entries with tags +@samp{boss} and @samp{urgent}, but not @samp{project1}, or @samp{Kathy|Sally} to find +entries which are tagged, like @samp{Kathy} or @samp{Sally}. The full syntax of +the search string is rich and allows also matching against TODO +keywords, entry levels and properties. For a more detailed description +with many examples, see @ref{Matching Tags and Properties}. + +@node Properties +@chapter Properties + +Properties are key-value pairs associated with an entry. They live in +a special drawer with the name @samp{PROPERTIES}. Each property is +specified on a single line, with the key (surrounded by colons) first, +and the value after it: + +@example +* CD collection +** Classic +*** Goldberg Variations + :PROPERTIES: + :Title: Goldberg Variations + :Composer: J.S. Bach + :Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon + :NDisks: 1 + :END: +@end example + +You may define the allowed values for a particular property @samp{Xyz} by +setting a property @samp{Xyz_ALL}. This special property is @emph{inherited}, +so if you set it in a level 1 entry, it applies to the entire tree. +When allowed values are defined, setting the corresponding property +becomes easier and is less prone to typing errors. For the example +with the CD collection, we can pre-define publishers and the number of +disks in a box like this: + +@example +* CD collection + :PROPERTIES: + :NDisks_ALL: 1 2 3 4 + :Publisher_ALL: "Deutsche Grammophon" Philips EMI + :END: +@end example + +If you want to set properties that can be inherited by any entry in +a file, use a line like: + +@example +#+PROPERTY: NDisks_ALL 1 2 3 4 +@end example + + +The following commands help to work with properties: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x p} +Set a property. This prompts for a property name and a value. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c d} +Remove a property from the current entry. +@end table + +To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on +properties, the same commands are used as for tag searches (see +@ref{Tags}). The syntax for the search string is described in @ref{Matching Tags and Properties}. + +@node Dates and Times +@chapter Dates and Times + +To assist project planning, TODO items can be labeled with a date +and/or a time. The specially formatted string carrying the date and +time information is called a @emph{timestamp} in Org mode. + +@menu +* Timestamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry. +* Creating Timestamps:: Commands that insert timestamps. +* Deadlines and Scheduling:: Planning your work. +* Clocking Work Time:: Tracking how long you spent on a task. +@end menu + +@node Timestamps +@section Timestamps + +A timestamp is a specification of a date---possibly with a time or +a range of times---in a special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or +@samp{<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>} or @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue 12:00-12:30>}. +A timestamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an Org tree +entry. Its presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in +the agenda (see [BROKEN LINK: *The Weekly/daily Agenda]). We distinguish: + +@table @asis +@item Plain timestamp; Event; Appointment +A simple timestamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is +just like writing down an appointment or event in a paper agenda. + +@example +* Meet Peter at the movies + <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15> +* Discussion on climate change + <2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00> +@end example + +@item Timestamp with repeater interval +A timestamp may contain a @emph{repeater interval}, indicating that it +applies not only on the given date, but again and again after +a certain interval of N days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years +(y). The following shows up in the agenda every Wednesday: + +@example +* Pick up Sam at school + <2007-05-16 Wed 12:30 +1w> +@end example + +@item Diary-style expression entries +@cindex diary style timestamps +@cindex sexp timestamps +For more complex date specifications, Org mode supports using the +special expression diary entries implemented in the Emacs Calendar +package. For example, with optional time: + +@example +* 22:00-23:00 The nerd meeting on every 2nd Thursday of the month + <%%(diary-float t 4 2)> +@end example + +@item Time/Date range +Two timestamps connected by @samp{--} denote a range. + +@example +** Meeting in Amsterdam + <2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu> +@end example + +@item Inactive timestamp +Just like a plain timestamp, but with square brackets instead of +angular ones. These timestamps are inactive in the sense that they +do @emph{not} trigger an entry to show up in the agenda. + +@example +* Gillian comes late for the fifth time + [2006-11-01 Wed] +@end example +@end table + +@node Creating Timestamps +@section Creating Timestamps + +For Org mode to recognize timestamps, they need to be in the specific +format. All commands listed below produce timestamps in the correct +format. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c .} +Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding timestamp. When point +is at an existing timestamp in the buffer, the command is used to +modify this timestamp instead of inserting a new one. When this +command is used twice in succession, a time range is inserted. With +a prefix argument, it also adds the current time. + +@item @kbd{C-c !} +Like @kbd{C-c .}, but insert an inactive timestamp that does +not cause an agenda entry. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +Change date at point by one day. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{UP}} +@itemx @kbd{S-@key{DOWN}} +On the beginning or enclosing bracket of a timestamp, change its +type. Within a timestamp, change the item under point. Point can +be on a year, month, day, hour or minute. When the timestamp +contains a time range like @samp{15:30-16:30}, modifying the first time +also shifts the second, shifting the time block with constant +length. To change the length, modify the second time. +@end table + + +When Org mode prompts for a date/time, it accepts any string +containing some date and/or time information, and intelligently +interprets the string, deriving defaults for unspecified information +from the current date and time. You can also select a date in the +pop-up calendar. See the manual for more information on how exactly +the date/time prompt works. + +@node Deadlines and Scheduling +@section Deadlines and Scheduling + +A timestamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate +planning: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-d} +Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a time stamp, in the line +following the headline. + +Meaning: the task---most likely a TODO item, though not +necessarily---is supposed to be finished on that date. + +On the deadline date, the task is listed in the agenda. In +addition, the agenda for @emph{today} carries a warning about the +approaching or missed deadline, starting @code{org-deadline-warning-days} +before the due date, and continuing until the entry is marked as +done. An example: + +@example +*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide + DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun> + The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]] +@end example + +@item @kbd{C-c C-s} +Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp, in the line following +the headline. + +Meaning: you are planning to start working on that task on the given +date@footnote{This is quite different from what is normally understood by +@emph{scheduling a meeting}, which is done in Org by just inserting a time +stamp without keyword.}. + +The headline is listed under the given date@footnote{It will still be listed on that date after it has been marked +as done. If you do not like this, set the variable +@code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done}.}. In addition, +a reminder that the scheduled date has passed is present in the +compilation for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked as done, i.e., +the task is automatically forwarded until completed. + +@example +*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve. + SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat> +@end example +@end table + +Some tasks need to be repeated again and again. Org mode helps to +organize such tasks using a so-called repeater in a @samp{DEADLINE}, +@samp{SCHEDULED}, or plain timestamps. In the following example: + +@example +** TODO Pay the rent + DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m> +@end example + +@noindent +the @samp{+1m} is a repeater; the intended interpretation is that the task +has a deadline on @samp{<2005-10-01>} and repeats itself every (one) month +starting from that time. + +@node Clocking Work Time +@section Clocking Work Time + +Org mode allows you to clock the time you spend on specific tasks in +a project. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-i} +Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the +@samp{CLOCK} keyword together with a timestamp. When called with +a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, select the task from a list of +recently clocked tasks. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-o} +Stop the clock (clock-out). This inserts another timestamp at the +same location where the clock was last started. It also directly +computes the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as +@samp{=>HH:MM}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-e} +Update the effort estimate for the current clock task. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-q} +Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by +mistake, or if you ended up working on something else. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-j} +Jump to the headline of the currently clocked in task. With +a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, select the target task from a list +of recently clocked tasks. +@end table + +The @kbd{l} key may be used in the agenda (see [BROKEN LINK: *The Weekly/daily Agenda]) to show which tasks have been worked on or closed during +a day. + +@node Capture Refile Archive +@chapter Capture, Refile, Archive + +An important part of any organization system is the ability to quickly +capture new ideas and tasks, and to associate reference material with +them. Org does this using a process called @emph{capture}. It also can +store files related to a task (@emph{attachments}) in a special directory. +Once in the system, tasks and projects need to be moved around. +Moving completed project trees to an archive file keeps the system +compact and fast. + +@menu +* Capture:: Capturing new stuff. +* Refile and Copy:: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another. +* Archiving:: What to do with finished products. +@end menu + +@node Capture +@section Capture + +Capture lets you quickly store notes with little interruption of your +work flow. You can define templates for new entries and associate +them with different targets for storing notes. + +@anchor{Setting up capture} +@subheading Setting up capture + +The following customization sets a default target@footnote{Using capture templates, you get finer control over capture +locations. See @ref{Capture templates}.} file for notes. + +@lisp +(setq org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/notes.org")) +@end lisp + +You may also define a global key for capturing new material (see +@ref{Activation}). + +@anchor{Using capture} +@subheading Using capture + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-capture} +Start a capture process, placing you into a narrowed indirect buffer +to edit. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +Once you have finished entering information into the capture buffer, +@kbd{C-c C-c} returns you to the window configuration before +the capture process, so that you can resume your work without +further distraction. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-w} +Finalize the capture process by refiling the note to a different +place (see @ref{Refile and Copy}). + +@item @kbd{C-c C-k} +Abort the capture process and return to the previous state. +@end table + +@anchor{Capture templates} +@subheading Capture templates + +You can use templates for different types of capture items, and for +different target locations. Say you would like to use one template to +create general TODO entries, and you want to put these entries under +the heading @samp{Tasks} in your file @samp{~/org/gtd.org}. Also, a date tree +in the file @samp{journal.org} should capture journal entries. A possible +configuration would look like: + +@lisp +(setq org-capture-templates + '(("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline "~/org/gtd.org" "Tasks") + "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a") + ("j" "Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/journal.org") + "* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a"))) +@end lisp + +If you then press @kbd{t} from the capture menu, Org will prepare +the template for you like this: + +@example +* TODO + [[file:LINK TO WHERE YOU INITIATED CAPTURE]] +@end example + + +@noindent +During expansion of the template, special %-escapes@footnote{If you need one of these sequences literally, escape the @samp{%} +with a backslash.} allow +dynamic insertion of content. Here is a small selection of the +possibilities, consult the manual for more. + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{%a} +@tab annotation, normally the link created with @code{org-store-link} +@item @samp{%i} +@tab initial content, the region when capture is called with @kbd{C-u} +@item @samp{%t}, @samp{%T} +@tab timestamp, date only, or date and time +@item @samp{%u}, @samp{%U} +@tab like above, but inactive timestamps +@item @samp{%?} +@tab after completing the template, position point here +@end multitable + +@node Refile and Copy +@section Refile and Copy + +When reviewing the captured data, you may want to refile or to copy +some of the entries into a different list, for example into a project. +Cutting, finding the right location, and then pasting the note is +cumbersome. To simplify this process, you can use the following +special command: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-w} +Refile the entry or region at point. This command offers possible +locations for refiling the entry and lets you select one with +completion. The item (or all items in the region) is filed below +the target heading as a subitem. + +By default, all level 1 headlines in the current buffer are +considered to be targets, but you can have more complex definitions +across a number of files. See the variable @code{org-refile-targets} for +details. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-c C-w} +Use the refile interface to jump to a heading. + +@item @kbd{C-u C-u C-c C-w} +Jump to the location where @code{org-refile} last moved a tree to. + +@item @kbd{C-c M-w} +Copying works like refiling, except that the original note is not +deleted. +@end table + +@node Archiving +@section Archiving + +When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want to +move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the +agenda. Archiving is important to keep your working files compact and +global searches like the construction of agenda views fast. + +The most common archiving action is to move a project tree to another +file, the archive file. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-a} +Archive the current entry using the command specified in the +variable @code{org-archive-default-command}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-x C-s} or short @kbd{C-c $} +Archive the subtree starting at point position to the location given +by @code{org-archive-location}. +@end table + +The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the +current file, with the name derived by appending @samp{_archive} to the +current file name. You can also choose what heading to file archived +items under, with the possibility to add them to a datetree in a file. +For information and examples on how to specify the file and the +heading, see the documentation string of the variable +@code{org-archive-location}. + +There is also an in-buffer option for setting this variable, for +example: + +@example +#+ARCHIVE: %s_done:: +@end example + +@node Agenda Views +@chapter Agenda Views + +Due to the way Org works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and tagged +headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of +files. To get an overview of open action items, or of events that are +important for a particular date, this information must be collected, +sorted and displayed in an organized way. + +The extracted information is displayed in a special @emph{agenda buffer}. +This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the +corresponding locations in the original Org files, and even to edit +these files remotely. Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, +for example, that you can change the dates of deadlines and +appointments from the agenda buffer. For commands available in the +Agenda buffer, see @ref{Agenda Commands}. + +@menu +* Agenda Files:: Files being searched for agenda information. +* Agenda Dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views. +* Built-in Agenda Views:: What is available out of the box? +* Global TODO List:: All unfinished action items. +* Matching Tags and Properties:: Structured information with fine-tuned search. +* Search View:: Find entries by searching for text. +* Agenda Commands:: Remote editing of Org trees. +* Custom Agenda Views:: Defining special searches and views. +@end menu + +@node Agenda Files +@section Agenda Files + +The information to be shown is normally collected from all @emph{agenda +files}, the files listed in the variable @code{org-agenda-files}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c [} +Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to +the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved +to the front. With a prefix argument, file is added/moved to the +end. + +@item @kbd{C-c ]} +Remove current file from the list of agenda files. + +@item @kbd{C-'} +@itemx @kbd{C-,} +Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other. +@end table + +@node Agenda Dispatcher +@section The Agenda Dispatcher + +The views are created through a dispatcher, accessible with @kbd{M-x org-agenda}, or, better, bound to a global key (see @ref{Activation}). +It displays a menu from which an additional letter is required to +execute a command. The dispatcher offers the following default +commands: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{a} +Create the calendar-like agenda (see [BROKEN LINK: *The Weekly/daily Agenda]). + +@item @kbd{t} +@itemx @kbd{T} +Create a list of all TODO items (see @ref{Global TODO List}). + +@item @kbd{m} +@itemx @kbd{M} +Create a list of headlines matching a given expression (see +@ref{Matching Tags and Properties}). + +@item @kbd{s} +@kindex s @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +Create a list of entries selected by a boolean expression of +keywords and/or regular expressions that must or must not occur in +the entry. +@end table + +@node Built-in Agenda Views +@section The Weekly/Daily Agenda + +The purpose of the weekly/daily @emph{agenda} is to act like a page of +a paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda a} +Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of Org files. +The agenda shows the entries for each day. +@end table + +Org mode understands the syntax of the diary and allows you to use +diary expression entries directly in Org files: + +@example +* Holidays + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Holiday + :END: +%%(org-calendar-holiday) ; special function for holiday names + +* Birthdays + :PROPERTIES: + :CATEGORY: Ann + :END: +%%(org-anniversary 1956 5 14) Arthur Dent is %d years old +%%(org-anniversary 1869 10 2) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old +@end example + +Org can interact with Emacs appointments notification facility. To +add the appointments of your agenda files, use the command +@code{org-agenda-to-appt}. + +@node Global TODO List +@section The Global TODO List + +The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items formatted and +collected into a single place. Remote editing of TODO items lets you +can change the state of a TODO entry with a single key press. For +commands available in the TODO list, see @ref{Agenda Commands}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda t} +Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all +agenda files (see @ref{Agenda Views}) into a single buffer. + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda T} +Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. +@end table + +@node Matching Tags and Properties +@section Matching Tags and Properties + +If headlines in the agenda files are marked with @emph{tags} (see @ref{Tags}), +or have properties (see @ref{Properties}), you can select headlines based +on this metadata and collect them into an agenda buffer. The match +syntax described here also applies when creating sparse trees with +@kbd{C-c / m}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda m} +Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags. The +command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic +expression with tags, like @samp{+work+urgent-withboss} or @samp{work|home} +(see @ref{Tags}). If you often need a specific search, define a custom +command for it (see @ref{Agenda Dispatcher}). + +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda M} +Like @kbd{m}, but only select headlines that are also TODO +items. +@end table + +A search string can use Boolean operators @samp{&} for AND and @samp{|} for OR@. +@samp{&} binds more strongly than @samp{|}. Parentheses are currently not +implemented. Each element in the search is either a tag, a regular +expression matching tags, or an expression like @samp{PROPERTY OPERATOR +VALUE} with a comparison operator, accessing a property value. Each +element may be preceded by @samp{-} to select against it, and @samp{+} is +syntactic sugar for positive selection. The AND operator @samp{&} is +optional when @samp{+} or @samp{-} is present. Here are some examples, using +only tags. + +@table @asis +@item @samp{+work-boss} +Select headlines tagged @samp{work}, but discard those also tagged +@samp{boss}. + +@item @samp{work|laptop} +Selects lines tagged @samp{work} or @samp{laptop}. + +@item @samp{work|laptop+night} +Like before, but require the @samp{laptop} lines to be tagged also +@samp{night}. +@end table + +You may also test for properties at the same time as matching tags, +see the manual for more information. + +@node Search View +@section Search View + +This agenda view is a general text search facility for Org mode +entries. It is particularly useful to find notes. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{M-x org-agenda s} (@code{org-search-view}) +@kindex s @r{(Agenda dispatcher)} +@findex org-search-view +This is a special search that lets you select entries by matching +a substring or specific words using a boolean logic. +@end table + +For example, the search string @samp{computer equipment} matches entries +that contain @samp{computer equipment} as a substring. + +Search view can also search for specific keywords in the entry, using +Boolean logic. The search string @samp{+computer ++wifi -ethernet -@{8\.11[bg]@}} matches note entries that contain the +keywords @samp{computer} and @samp{wifi}, but not the keyword @samp{ethernet}, and +which are also not matched by the regular expression @samp{8\.11[bg]}, +meaning to exclude both @samp{8.11b} and @samp{8.11g}. + +Note that in addition to the agenda files, this command also searches +the files listed in @code{org-agenda-text-search-extra-files}. + +@node Agenda Commands +@section Commands in the Agenda Buffer + +Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the Org file or diary +file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda +buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the +original entry location, and to edit the Org files ``remotely'' from the +agenda buffer. This is just a selection of the many commands, explore +the agenda menu and the manual for a complete list. + +@anchor{Motion (1)} +@subheading Motion + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{n} +Next line (same as @kbd{@key{DOWN}} and @kbd{C-n}). + +@item @kbd{p} +Previous line (same as @kbd{@key{UP}} and @kbd{C-p}). +@end table + +@anchor{View/Go to Org file} +@subheading View/Go to Org file + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{@key{SPC}} +Display the original location of the item in another window. +With a prefix argument, make sure that drawers stay folded. + +@item @kbd{@key{TAB}} +Go to the original location of the item in another window. + +@item @kbd{@key{RET}} +Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows. +@end table + +@anchor{Change display} +@subheading Change display + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{o} +Delete other windows. + +@item @kbd{v d} or short @kbd{d} +Switch to day view. + +@item @kbd{v w} or short @kbd{w} +Switch to week view. + +@item @kbd{f} +Go forward in time to display the span following the current one. +For example, if the display covers a week, switch to the following +week. + +@item @kbd{b} +Go backward in time to display earlier dates. + +@item @kbd{.} +Go to today. + +@item @kbd{j} +Prompt for a date and go there. + +@item @kbd{v l} or @kbd{v L} or short @kbd{l} +Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that were marked as +done while logging was on (see the variable @code{org-log-done}) are +shown in the agenda, as are entries that have been clocked on that +day. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, show all +possible logbook entries, including state changes. + +@item @kbd{r} +@itemx @kbd{g} +Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes after +modification of the timestamps of items. + +@item @kbd{s} +@kindex C-x C-s +@findex org-save-all-org-buffers +@kindex s +Save all Org buffers in the current Emacs session, and also the +locations of IDs. +@end table + +@anchor{Remote editing} +@subheading Remote editing + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{0--9} +Digit argument. + +@item @kbd{t} +Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the +original Org file. + +@item @kbd{C-k} +Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree +belonging to it in the original Org file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-w} +Refile the entry at point. + +@item @kbd{a} +Archive the subtree corresponding to the entry at point using the +default archiving command set in @code{org-archive-default-command}. + +@item @kbd{$} +Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-s} +Schedule this item. With a prefix argument, remove the +scheduling timestamp + +@item @kbd{C-c C-d} +Set a deadline for this item. With a prefix argument, remove the +deadline. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{RIGHT}} +Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day +into the future. + +@item @kbd{S-@key{LEFT}} +Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day +into the past. + +@item @kbd{I} +Start the clock on the current item. + +@item @kbd{O} +Stop the previously started clock. + +@item @kbd{X} +Cancel the currently running clock. + +@item @kbd{J} +Jump to the running clock in another window. +@end table + +@anchor{Quit and exit} +@subheading Quit and exit + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{q} +Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer. + +@item @kbd{x} +Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by +Emacs for the compilation of the agenda. +@end table + +@node Custom Agenda Views +@section Custom Agenda Views + +The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard +shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda +buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the +current buffer). + +Custom commands are configured in the variable +@code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. You can customize this variable, for +example by pressing @kbd{C} from the agenda dispatcher (see @ref{Agenda Dispatcher}). You can also directly set it with Emacs Lisp in +the Emacs init file. The following example contains all valid agenda +views: + +@lisp +(setq org-agenda-custom-commands + '(("w" todo "WAITING") + ("u" tags "+boss-urgent") + ("v" tags-todo "+boss-urgent"))) +@end lisp + +The initial string in each entry defines the keys you have to press +after the dispatcher command in order to access the command. Usually +this is just a single character. The second parameter is the search +type, followed by the string or regular expression to be used for the +matching. The example above will therefore define: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{w} +as a global search for TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as the TODO +keyword. + +@item @kbd{u} +as a global tags search for headlines tagged @samp{boss} but not +@samp{urgent}. + +@item @kbd{v} +The same search, but limiting it to headlines that are also TODO +items. +@end table + +@node Markup +@chapter Markup for Rich Contents + +Org is primarily about organizing and searching through your +plain-text notes. However, it also provides a lightweight yet robust +markup language for rich text formatting and more. Used in +conjunction with the export framework (see @ref{Exporting}), you can author +beautiful documents in Org. + +@menu +* Paragraphs:: The basic unit of text. +* Emphasis and Monospace:: Bold, italic, etc. +* Embedded @LaTeX{}:: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents. +* Literal examples:: Source code examples with special formatting. +* Images:: Display an image. +* Creating Footnotes:: Edit and read footnotes. +@end menu + +@node Paragraphs +@section Paragraphs + +Paragraphs are separated by at least one empty line. If you need to +enforce a line break within a paragraph, use @samp{\\} at the end of +a line. + +To preserve the line breaks, indentation and blank lines in a region, +but otherwise use normal formatting, you can use this construct, which +can also be used to format poetry. + +@example +#+BEGIN_VERSE + Great clouds overhead + Tiny black birds rise and fall + Snow covers Emacs + + ---AlexSchroeder +#+END_VERSE +@end example + +When quoting a passage from another document, it is customary to +format this as a paragraph that is indented on both the left and the +right margin. You can include quotations in Org documents like this: + +@example +#+BEGIN_QUOTE +Everything should be made as simple as possible, +but not any simpler ---Albert Einstein +#+END_QUOTE +@end example + +If you would like to center some text, do it like this: + +@example +#+BEGIN_CENTER +Everything should be made as simple as possible, \\ +but not any simpler +#+END_CENTER +@end example + +@node Emphasis and Monospace +@section Emphasis and Monospace + +You can make words @samp{*bold*}, @samp{/italic/}, @samp{_underlined_}, @samp{=verbatim=} +and @samp{~code~}, and, if you must, @samp{+strike-through+}. Text in the code +and verbatim string is not processed for Org specific syntax; it is +exported verbatim. + +@node Embedded @LaTeX{} +@section Embedded @LaTeX{} + +For scientific notes which need to be able to contain mathematical +symbols and the occasional formula, Org mode supports embedding @LaTeX{} +code into its files. You can directly use @TeX{}-like syntax for special +symbols, enter formulas and entire @LaTeX{} environments. + +@example +The radius of the sun is R_sun = 6.96 x 10^8 m. On the other hand, +the radius of Alpha Centauri is R_@{Alpha Centauri@} = 1.28 x R_@{sun@}. + +\begin@{equation@} % arbitrary environments, +x=\sqrt@{b@} % even tables, figures +\end@{equation@} % etc + +If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be +either $$ a=+\sqrt@{2@} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt@{2@} \]. +@end example + +@node Literal examples +@section Literal examples + +You can include literal examples that should not be subjected to +markup. Such examples are typeset in monospace, so this is well +suited for source code and similar examples. + +@example +#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE + Some example from a text file. +#+END_EXAMPLE +@end example + +For simplicity when using small examples, you can also start the +example lines with a colon followed by a space. There may also be +additional whitespace before the colon: + +@example +Here is an example + : Some example from a text file. +@end example + +If the example is source code from a programming language, or any +other text that can be marked up by Font Lock in Emacs, you can ask +for the example to look like the fontified Emacs buffer. + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (defun org-xor (a b) + "Exclusive or." + (if a (not b) b)) + #+END_SRC +@end example + +To edit the example in a special buffer supporting this language, use +@kbd{C-c '} to both enter and leave the editing buffer. + +@node Images +@section Images + +An image is a link to an image file that does not have a description +part, for example + +@example +./img/cat.jpg +@end example + + +If you wish to define a caption for the image and maybe a label for +internal cross references (see @ref{Hyperlinks}), make sure that the +link is on a line by itself and precede it with @samp{CAPTION} and @samp{NAME} +keywords as follows: + +@example +#+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next figure link (or table) +#+NAME: fig:SED-HR4049 +[[./img/a.jpg]] +@end example + +@node Creating Footnotes +@section Creating Footnotes + +A footnote is defined in a paragraph that is started by a footnote +marker in square brackets in column 0, no indentation allowed. The +footnote reference is simply the marker in square brackets, inside +text. For example: + +@example +The Org homepage[fn:1] now looks a lot better than it used to. +... +[fn:1] The link is: https://orgmode.org +@end example + +The following commands handle footnotes: + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-x f} +The footnote action command. When point is on a footnote reference, +jump to the definition. When it is at a definition, jump to the +(first) reference. Otherwise, create a new footnote. When this +command is called with a prefix argument, a menu of additional +options including renumbering is offered. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-c} +Jump between definition and reference. +@end table + +@node Exporting +@chapter Exporting + +Org can convert and export documents to a variety of other formats +while retaining as much structure (see @ref{Document Structure}) and markup +(see @ref{Markup}) as possible. + +@menu +* The Export Dispatcher:: The main interface. +* Export Settings:: Common export settings. +* Table of Contents:: The if and where of the table of contents. +* Include Files:: Include additional files into a document. +* Comment Lines:: What will not be exported. +* ASCII/UTF-8 Export:: Exporting to flat files with encoding. +* HTML Export:: Exporting to HTML. +* @LaTeX{} Export:: Exporting to @LaTeX{} and processing to PDF. +* iCalendar Export:: Exporting to iCalendar. +@end menu + +@node The Export Dispatcher +@section The Export Dispatcher + +The export dispatcher is the main interface for Org's exports. +A hierarchical menu presents the currently configured export formats. +Options are shown as easy toggle switches on the same screen. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e} +Invokes the export dispatcher interface. +@end table + +Org exports the entire buffer by default. If the Org buffer has an +active region, then Org exports just that region. + +@node Export Settings +@section Export Settings + +The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide +additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file: + +@example +#+TITLE: I'm in the Mood for Org +@end example + + +Most proeminent export options include: + +@multitable {aaaaaaaaaa} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} +@item @samp{TITLE} +@tab the title to be shown +@item @samp{AUTHOR} +@tab the author (default taken from @code{user-full-name}) +@item @samp{DATE} +@tab a date, fixed, or an Org timestamp +@item @samp{EMAIL} +@tab email address (default from @code{user-mail-address}) +@item @samp{LANGUAGE} +@tab language code, e.g., @samp{en} +@end multitable + +Option keyword sets can be inserted from the export dispatcher (see +@ref{The Export Dispatcher}) using the @samp{Insert template} command by +pressing @kbd{#}. + +@node Table of Contents +@section Table of Contents + +The table of contents includes all headlines in the document. Its +depth is therefore the same as the headline levels in the file. If +you need to use a different depth, or turn it off entirely, set the +@code{org-export-with-toc} variable accordingly. You can achieve the same +on a per file basis, using the following @samp{toc} item in @samp{OPTIONS} +keyword: + +@example +#+OPTIONS: toc:2 (only include two levels in TOC) +#+OPTIONS: toc:nil (no default TOC at all) +@end example + +Org normally inserts the table of contents directly before the first +headline of the file. + +@node Include Files +@section Include Files + +During export, you can include the content of another file. For +example, to include your @samp{.emacs} file, you could use: + +@example +#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" src emacs-lisp +@end example + + +@noindent +The first parameter is the file name to include. The optional second +parameter specifies the block type: @samp{example}, @samp{export} or @samp{src}. The +optional third parameter specifies the source code language to use for +formatting the contents. This is relevant to both @samp{export} and @samp{src} +block types. + +You can visit the included file with @kbd{C-c '}. + +@node Comment Lines +@section Comment Lines + +Lines starting with zero or more whitespace characters followed by one +@samp{#} and a whitespace are treated as comments and, as such, are not +exported. + +Likewise, regions surrounded by @samp{#+BEGIN_COMMENT} @dots{} @samp{#+END_COMMENT} +are not exported. + +Finally, a @samp{COMMENT} keyword at the beginning of an entry, but after +any other keyword or priority cookie, comments out the entire subtree. +The command below helps changing the comment status of a headline. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c ;} +Toggle the @samp{COMMENT} keyword at the beginning of an entry. +@end table + +@node ASCII/UTF-8 Export +@section ASCII/UTF-8 Export + +ASCII export produces an output file containing only plain ASCII +characters. This is the simplest and most direct text output. It +does not contain any Org markup. UTF-8 export uses additional +characters and symbols available in this encoding standards. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e t a} +@itemx @kbd{C-c C-e t u} +Export as an ASCII file with a @samp{.txt} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, +Org exports to @samp{myfile.txt}, overwriting without warning. For +@samp{myfile.txt}, Org exports to @samp{myfile.txt.txt} in order to prevent +data loss. +@end table + +@node HTML Export +@section HTML Export + +Org mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting +compatible with XHTML 1.0 strict standard. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e h h} +Export as HTML file with a @samp{.html} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, Org +exports to @samp{myfile.html}, overwriting without warning. @kbd{C-c C-e h o} exports to HTML and opens it in a web browser. +@end table + +The HTML export back-end transforms @samp{<} and @samp{>} to @samp{<} and @samp{>}. +To include raw HTML code in the Org file so the HTML export back-end +can insert that HTML code in the output, use this inline syntax: +@samp{@@@@html:...@@@@}. For example: + +@example +@@@@html:@@@@bold text@@@@html:@@@@ +@end example + + +For larger raw HTML code blocks, use these HTML export code blocks: + +@example +#+HTML: Literal HTML code for export + +#+BEGIN_EXPORT html + All lines between these markers are exported literally +#+END_EXPORT +@end example + +@node @LaTeX{} Export +@section @LaTeX{} Export + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end can handle complex documents, incorporate +standard or custom @LaTeX{} document classes, generate documents using +alternate @LaTeX{} engines, and produce fully linked PDF files with +indexes, bibliographies, and tables of contents, destined for +interactive online viewing or high-quality print publication. + +By default, the @LaTeX{} output uses the @emph{article} class. You can change +this by adding an option like @samp{#+LATEX_CLASS: myclass} in your file. +The class must be listed in @code{org-latex-classes}. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l l} +Export to a @LaTeX{} file with a @samp{.tex} extension. For @samp{myfile.org}, +Org exports to @samp{myfile.tex}, overwriting without warning. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l p} +Export as @LaTeX{} file and convert it to PDF file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e l o} +Export as @LaTeX{} file and convert it to PDF, then open the PDF using +the default viewer. +@end table + +The @LaTeX{} export back-end can insert any arbitrary @LaTeX{} code, see +@ref{Embedded @LaTeX{}}. There are three ways to embed such code in the Org +file and they all use different quoting syntax. + +Inserting in-line quoted with @@ symbols: + +@example +Code embedded in-line @@@@latex:any arbitrary LaTeX code@@@@ in a paragraph. +@end example + + +Inserting as one or more keyword lines in the Org file: + +@example +#+LATEX: any arbitrary LaTeX code +@end example + + +Inserting as an export block in the Org file, where the back-end +exports any code between begin and end markers: + +@example +#+BEGIN_EXPORT latex + any arbitrary LaTeX code +#+END_EXPORT +@end example + +@node iCalendar Export +@section iCalendar Export + +A large part of Org mode's interoperability success is its ability to +easily export to or import from external applications. The iCalendar +export back-end takes calendar data from Org files and exports to the +standard iCalendar format. + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e c f} +Create iCalendar entries from the current Org buffer and store them +in the same directory, using a file extension @samp{.ics}. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e c c} +Create a combined iCalendar file from Org files in +@code{org-agenda-files} and write it to +@code{org-icalendar-combined-agenda-file} file name. +@end table + +@node Publishing +@chapter Publishing + +Org includes a publishing management system that allows you to +configure automatic HTML conversion of @emph{projects} composed of +interlinked Org files. You can also configure Org to automatically +upload your exported HTML pages and related attachments, such as +images and source code files, to a web server. + +You can also use Org to convert files into PDF, or even combine HTML +and PDF conversion so that files are available in both formats on the +server. + +For detailed instructions about setup, see the manual. Here is an +example: + +@lisp +(setq org-publish-project-alist + '(("org" + :base-directory "~/org/" + :publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html + :publishing-directory "~/public_html" + :section-numbers nil + :with-toc nil + :html-head ""))) +@end lisp + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-e P x} +Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to +it. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e P p} +Publish the project containing the current file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e P f} +Publish only the current file. + +@item @kbd{C-c C-e P a} +Publish every project. +@end table + +Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above +functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this +and force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument to any +of the commands above. + +@node Working with Source Code +@chapter Working with Source Code + +Org mode provides a number of features for working with source code, +including editing of code blocks in their native major mode, +evaluation of code blocks, tangling of code blocks, and exporting code +blocks and their results in several formats. + +A source code block conforms to this structure: + +@example +#+NAME: +#+BEGIN_SRC
+ +#+END_SRC +@end example + +@noindent +where: + +@itemize +@item +@samp{} is a string used to uniquely name the code block, + +@item +@samp{} specifies the language of the code block, e.g., +@samp{emacs-lisp}, @samp{shell}, @samp{R}, @samp{python}, etc., + +@item +@samp{} can be used to control export of the code block, + +@item +@samp{
} can be used to control many aspects of code +block behavior as demonstrated below, + +@item +@samp{} contains the actual source code. +@end itemize + +Use @kbd{C-c '} to edit the current code block. It opens a new +major mode edit buffer containing the body of the source code block, +ready for any edits. Use @kbd{C-c '} again to close the buffer +and return to the Org buffer. + +@anchor{Using header arguments} +@heading Using header arguments + +A header argument is specified with an initial colon followed by the +argument's name in lowercase. + +Header arguments can be set in several ways; Org prioritizes them in +case of overlaps or conflicts by giving local settings a higher +priority. + +@table @asis +@item System-wide header arguments +Those are specified by customizing @code{org-babel-default-header-args} +variable, or, for a specific language @var{LANG} +@code{org-babel-default-header-args:LANG}. + +@item Header arguments in properties +You can set them using @samp{header-args} property (see @ref{Properties})---or +@samp{header-args:LANG} for language @var{LANG}. Header arguments +set through properties drawers apply at the sub-tree level on down. + +@item Header arguments in code blocks +Header arguments are most commonly set at the source code block +level, on the @samp{BEGIN_SRC} line: + +@example +#+NAME: factorial +#+BEGIN_SRC haskell :results silent :exports code :var n=0 + fac 0 = 1 + fac n = n * fac (n-1) +#+END_SRC +@end example + +Code block header arguments can span multiple lines using @samp{HEADER} +keyword on each line. +@end table + +@anchor{Evaluating code blocks} +@heading Evaluating code blocks + +Use @kbd{C-c C-c} to evaluate the current code block and insert +its results in the Org document. By default, evaluation is only +turned on for @samp{emacs-lisp} code blocks, however support exists for +evaluating blocks in many languages. For a complete list of supported +languages see the manual. The following shows a code block and its +results. + +@example +#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp + (+ 1 2 3 4) +#+END_SRC + +#+RESULTS: +: 10 +@end example + +The following syntax is used to pass arguments to code blocks using +the @samp{var} header argument. + +@example +:var NAME=ASSIGN +@end example + + +@noindent +@var{NAME} is the name of the variable bound in the code block +body. @var{ASSIGN} is a literal value, such as a string, +a number, a reference to a table, a list, a literal example, another +code block---with or without arguments---or the results of evaluating +a code block. + +@anchor{Results of evaluation} +@heading Results of evaluation + +How Org handles results of a code block execution depends on many +header arguments working together. The primary determinant, however, +is the @samp{results} header argument. It controls the @emph{collection}, +@emph{type}, @emph{format}, and @emph{handling} of code block results. + +@table @asis +@item Collection +How the results should be collected from the code block. You may +choose either @samp{output} or @samp{value} (the default). + +@item Type +What result types to expect from the execution of the code block. +You may choose among @samp{table}, @samp{list}, @samp{scalar}, and @samp{file}. Org +tries to guess it if you do not provide it. + +@item Format +How Org processes results. Some possible values are @samp{code}, +@samp{drawer}, @samp{html}, @samp{latex}, @samp{link}, and @samp{raw}. + +@item Handling +How to insert the results once properly formatted. Allowed values +are @samp{silent}, @samp{replace} (the default), @samp{append}, or @samp{prepend}. +@end table + +Code blocks which output results to files---e.g.: graphs, diagrams and +figures---can accept a @samp{:file FILENAME} header argument, in which case +the results are saved to the named file, and a link to the file is +inserted into the buffer. + +@anchor{Exporting code blocks} +@heading Exporting code blocks + +It is possible to export the @emph{code} of code blocks, the @emph{results} of +code block evaluation, @emph{both} the code and the results of code block +evaluation, or @emph{none}. Org defaults to exporting @emph{code} for most +languages. + +The @samp{exports} header argument is to specify if that part of the Org +file is exported to, say, HTML or @LaTeX{} formats. It can be set to +either @samp{code}, @samp{results}, @samp{both} or @samp{none}. + +@anchor{Extracting source code} +@heading Extracting source code + +Use @kbd{C-c C-v t} to create pure source code files by +extracting code from source blocks in the current buffer. This is +referred to as ``tangling''---a term adopted from the literate +programming community. During tangling of code blocks their bodies +are expanded using @code{org-babel-expand-src-block}, which can expand both +variable and ``Noweb'' style references. In order to tangle a code +block it must have a @samp{tangle} header argument, see the manual for +details. + +@node Miscellaneous +@chapter Miscellaneous + + + +@anchor{Completion} +@heading Completion + +Org has in-buffer completions with @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. No minibuffer is +involved. Type one or more letters and invoke the hot key to complete +the text in-place. + +For example, this command will complete @TeX{} symbols after @samp{\}, TODO +keywords at the beginning of a headline, and tags after @samp{:} in +a headline. + +@anchor{Structure Templates} +@heading Structure Templates + +To quickly insert empty structural blocks, such as @samp{#+BEGIN_SRC} +@dots{} @samp{#+END_SRC}, or to wrap existing text in such a block, use + +@table @asis +@item @kbd{C-c C-,} +Prompt for a type of block structure, and insert the block at point. +If the region is active, it is wrapped in the block. +@end table + +@anchor{Clean view} +@heading Clean view + +Org's default outline with stars and no indents can become too +cluttered for short documents. For @emph{book-like} long documents, the +effect is not as noticeable. Org provides an alternate stars and +indentation scheme, as shown on the right in the following table. It +uses only one star and indents text to line with the heading: + +@example +* Top level headline | * Top level headline +** Second level | * Second level +*** Third level | * Third level + some text | some text +*** Third level | * Third level + more text | more text +* Another top level headline | * Another top level headline +@end example + +This kind of view can be achieved dynamically at display time using +Org Indent mode (@kbd{M-x org-indent-mode @key{RET}}), which prepends +intangible space to each line. You can turn on Org Indent mode for +all files by customizing the variable @code{org-startup-indented}, or you +can turn it on for individual files using + +@example +#+STARTUP: indent +@end example + + +If you want the indentation to be hard space characters so that the +plain text file looks as similar as possible to the Emacs display, Org +supports you by helping to indent (with @kbd{@key{TAB}}) text below +each headline, by hiding leading stars, and by only using levels 1, 3, +etc to get two characters indentation for each level. To get this +support in a file, use + +@example +#+STARTUP: hidestars odd +@end example + +@bye \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/pdflayout.sty b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/pdflayout.sty new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7fb6afd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/pdflayout.sty @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +% Copyright (C) 2007-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +% This file is part of GNU Emacs. + +% GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +% (at your option) any later version. + +% GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +% GNU General Public License for more details. + +% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +% along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . + +% This file defines `\pdflayout': +% - \pdflayout=(0) is A4 portrait, +% - \pdflayout=(1) is letter (US) portrait, +% - \pdflayout=(0l) is A4 landscape. +% - \pdflayout=(1l) is letter (US) landscape, + +\input ifpdf.sty + +\ifpdf + \def\pdflayout=(#1#2){ + \if0#1 % A4 + \pdfpagewidth=21cm + \pdfpageheight=29.7cm + \else\if1#1 % Letter + \pdfpagewidth=8.5in + \pdfpageheight=11in + \letterpaper=1 + \fi\fi + \if l#2 % Landscape + \edef\oldwidth{\the\pdfpagewidth} + \pdfpagewidth=\pdfpageheight + \pdfpageheight=\oldwidth + \fi + } +\else + \def\pdflayout=(#1#2){} +\fi diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/texinfo.tex b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/texinfo.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3c25b92 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/doc/texinfo.tex @@ -0,0 +1,10145 @@ +% texinfo.tex -- TeX macros to handle Texinfo files. +% +% Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex. +\expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi +% +\def\texinfoversion{2013-09-11.11} +% +% Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, +% 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, +% 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +% +% This texinfo.tex file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or +% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as +% published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the +% License, or (at your option) any later version. +% +% This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be +% useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty +% of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +% General Public License for more details. +% +% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +% along with this program. If not, see . +% +% As a special exception, when this file is read by TeX when processing +% a Texinfo source document, you may use the result without +% restriction. This Exception is an additional permission under section 7 +% of the GNU General Public License, version 3 ("GPLv3"). +% +% Please try the latest version of texinfo.tex before submitting bug +% reports; you can get the latest version from: +% https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/ (the Texinfo release area), or +% https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/texinfo/ (same, via a mirror), or +% https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ (the Texinfo home page) +% The texinfo.tex in any given distribution could well be out +% of date, so if that's what you're using, please check. +% +% Send bug reports to bug-texinfo@gnu.org. Please include including a +% complete document in each bug report with which we can reproduce the +% problem. Patches are, of course, greatly appreciated. +% +% To process a Texinfo manual with TeX, it's most reliable to use the +% texi2dvi shell script that comes with the distribution. For a simple +% manual foo.texi, however, you can get away with this: +% tex foo.texi +% texindex foo.?? +% tex foo.texi +% tex foo.texi +% dvips foo.dvi -o # or whatever; this makes foo.ps. +% The extra TeX runs get the cross-reference information correct. +% Sometimes one run after texindex suffices, and sometimes you need more +% than two; texi2dvi does it as many times as necessary. +% +% It is possible to adapt texinfo.tex for other languages, to some +% extent. You can get the existing language-specific files from the +% full Texinfo distribution. +% +% The GNU Texinfo home page is https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo. + + +\message{Loading texinfo [version \texinfoversion]:} + +% If in a .fmt file, print the version number +% and turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because +% they might have appeared in the input file name. +\everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}% + \catcode`+=\active \catcode`\_=\active} + +\chardef\other=12 + +% We never want plain's \outer definition of \+ in Texinfo. +% For @tex, we can use \tabalign. +\let\+ = \relax + +% Save some plain tex macros whose names we will redefine. +\let\ptexb=\b +\let\ptexbullet=\bullet +\let\ptexc=\c +\let\ptexcomma=\, +\let\ptexdot=\. +\let\ptexdots=\dots +\let\ptexend=\end +\let\ptexequiv=\equiv +\let\ptexexclam=\! +\let\ptexfootnote=\footnote +\let\ptexgtr=> +\let\ptexhat=^ +\let\ptexi=\i +\let\ptexindent=\indent +\let\ptexinsert=\insert +\let\ptexlbrace=\{ +\let\ptexless=< +\let\ptexnewwrite\newwrite +\let\ptexnoindent=\noindent +\let\ptexplus=+ +\let\ptexraggedright=\raggedright +\let\ptexrbrace=\} +\let\ptexslash=\/ +\let\ptexstar=\* +\let\ptext=\t +\let\ptextop=\top +{\catcode`\'=\active \global\let\ptexquoteright'}% active in plain's math mode + +% If this character appears in an error message or help string, it +% starts a new line in the output. +\newlinechar = `^^J + +% Use TeX 3.0's \inputlineno to get the line number, for better error +% messages, but if we're using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. +% +\ifx\inputlineno\thisisundefined + \let\linenumber = \empty % Pre-3.0. +\else + \def\linenumber{l.\the\inputlineno:\space} +\fi + +% Set up fixed words for English if not already set. +\ifx\putwordAppendix\undefined \gdef\putwordAppendix{Appendix}\fi +\ifx\putwordChapter\undefined \gdef\putwordChapter{Chapter}\fi +\ifx\putworderror\undefined \gdef\putworderror{error}\fi +\ifx\putwordfile\undefined \gdef\putwordfile{file}\fi +\ifx\putwordin\undefined \gdef\putwordin{in}\fi +\ifx\putwordIndexIsEmpty\undefined \gdef\putwordIndexIsEmpty{(Index is empty)}\fi +\ifx\putwordIndexNonexistent\undefined \gdef\putwordIndexNonexistent{(Index is nonexistent)}\fi +\ifx\putwordInfo\undefined \gdef\putwordInfo{Info}\fi +\ifx\putwordInstanceVariableof\undefined \gdef\putwordInstanceVariableof{Instance Variable of}\fi +\ifx\putwordMethodon\undefined \gdef\putwordMethodon{Method on}\fi +\ifx\putwordNoTitle\undefined \gdef\putwordNoTitle{No Title}\fi +\ifx\putwordof\undefined \gdef\putwordof{of}\fi +\ifx\putwordon\undefined \gdef\putwordon{on}\fi +\ifx\putwordpage\undefined \gdef\putwordpage{page}\fi +\ifx\putwordsection\undefined \gdef\putwordsection{section}\fi +\ifx\putwordSection\undefined \gdef\putwordSection{Section}\fi +\ifx\putwordsee\undefined \gdef\putwordsee{see}\fi +\ifx\putwordSee\undefined \gdef\putwordSee{See}\fi +\ifx\putwordShortTOC\undefined \gdef\putwordShortTOC{Short Contents}\fi +\ifx\putwordTOC\undefined \gdef\putwordTOC{Table of Contents}\fi +% +\ifx\putwordMJan\undefined \gdef\putwordMJan{January}\fi +\ifx\putwordMFeb\undefined \gdef\putwordMFeb{February}\fi +\ifx\putwordMMar\undefined \gdef\putwordMMar{March}\fi +\ifx\putwordMApr\undefined \gdef\putwordMApr{April}\fi +\ifx\putwordMMay\undefined \gdef\putwordMMay{May}\fi +\ifx\putwordMJun\undefined \gdef\putwordMJun{June}\fi +\ifx\putwordMJul\undefined \gdef\putwordMJul{July}\fi +\ifx\putwordMAug\undefined \gdef\putwordMAug{August}\fi +\ifx\putwordMSep\undefined \gdef\putwordMSep{September}\fi +\ifx\putwordMOct\undefined \gdef\putwordMOct{October}\fi +\ifx\putwordMNov\undefined \gdef\putwordMNov{November}\fi +\ifx\putwordMDec\undefined \gdef\putwordMDec{December}\fi +% +\ifx\putwordDefmac\undefined \gdef\putwordDefmac{Macro}\fi +\ifx\putwordDefspec\undefined \gdef\putwordDefspec{Special Form}\fi +\ifx\putwordDefvar\undefined \gdef\putwordDefvar{Variable}\fi +\ifx\putwordDefopt\undefined \gdef\putwordDefopt{User Option}\fi +\ifx\putwordDeffunc\undefined \gdef\putwordDeffunc{Function}\fi + +% Since the category of space is not known, we have to be careful. +\chardef\spacecat = 10 +\def\spaceisspace{\catcode`\ =\spacecat} + +% sometimes characters are active, so we need control sequences. +\chardef\ampChar = `\& +\chardef\colonChar = `\: +\chardef\commaChar = `\, +\chardef\dashChar = `\- +\chardef\dotChar = `\. +\chardef\exclamChar= `\! +\chardef\hashChar = `\# +\chardef\lquoteChar= `\` +\chardef\questChar = `\? +\chardef\rquoteChar= `\' +\chardef\semiChar = `\; +\chardef\slashChar = `\/ +\chardef\underChar = `\_ + +% Ignore a token. +% +\def\gobble#1{} + +% The following is used inside several \edef's. +\def\makecsname#1{\expandafter\noexpand\csname#1\endcsname} + +% Hyphenation fixes. +\hyphenation{ + Flor-i-da Ghost-script Ghost-view Mac-OS Post-Script + ap-pen-dix bit-map bit-maps + data-base data-bases eshell fall-ing half-way long-est man-u-script + man-u-scripts mini-buf-fer mini-buf-fers over-view par-a-digm + par-a-digms rath-er rec-tan-gu-lar ro-bot-ics se-vere-ly set-up spa-ces + spell-ing spell-ings + stand-alone strong-est time-stamp time-stamps which-ever white-space + wide-spread wrap-around +} + +% Margin to add to right of even pages, to left of odd pages. +\newdimen\bindingoffset +\newdimen\normaloffset +\newdimen\pagewidth \newdimen\pageheight + +% For a final copy, take out the rectangles +% that mark overfull boxes (in case you have decided +% that the text looks ok even though it passes the margin). +% +\def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt } + +% Sometimes it is convenient to have everything in the transcript file +% and nothing on the terminal. We don't just call \tracingall here, +% since that produces some useless output on the terminal. We also make +% some effort to order the tracing commands to reduce output in the log +% file; cf. trace.sty in LaTeX. +% +\def\gloggingall{\begingroup \globaldefs = 1 \loggingall \endgroup}% +\def\loggingall{% + \tracingstats2 + \tracingpages1 + \tracinglostchars2 % 2 gives us more in etex + \tracingparagraphs1 + \tracingoutput1 + \tracingmacros2 + \tracingrestores1 + \showboxbreadth\maxdimen \showboxdepth\maxdimen + \ifx\eTeXversion\thisisundefined\else % etex gives us more logging + \tracingscantokens1 + \tracingifs1 + \tracinggroups1 + \tracingnesting2 + \tracingassigns1 + \fi + \tracingcommands3 % 3 gives us more in etex + \errorcontextlines16 +}% + +% @errormsg{MSG}. Do the index-like expansions on MSG, but if things +% aren't perfect, it's not the end of the world, being an error message, +% after all. +% +\def\errormsg{\begingroup \indexnofonts \doerrormsg} +\def\doerrormsg#1{\errmessage{#1}} + +% add check for \lastpenalty to plain's definitions. If the last thing +% we did was a \nobreak, we don't want to insert more space. +% +\def\smallbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\smallskipamount + \removelastskip\penalty-50\smallskip\fi\fi} +\def\medbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\medskipamount + \removelastskip\penalty-100\medskip\fi\fi} +\def\bigbreak{\ifnum\lastpenalty<10000\par\ifdim\lastskip<\bigskipamount + \removelastskip\penalty-200\bigskip\fi\fi} + +% Do @cropmarks to get crop marks. +% +\newif\ifcropmarks +\let\cropmarks = \cropmarkstrue +% +% Dimensions to add cropmarks at corners. +% Added by P. A. MacKay, 12 Nov. 1986 +% +\newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize % set by the paper size routines +\newdimen\cornerlong \cornerlong=1pc +\newdimen\cornerthick \cornerthick=.3pt +\newdimen\topandbottommargin \topandbottommargin=.75in + +% Output a mark which sets \thischapter, \thissection and \thiscolor. +% We dump everything together because we only have one kind of mark. +% This works because we only use \botmark / \topmark, not \firstmark. +% +% A mark contains a subexpression of the \ifcase ... \fi construct. +% \get*marks macros below extract the needed part using \ifcase. +% +% Another complication is to let the user choose whether \thischapter +% (\thissection) refers to the chapter (section) in effect at the top +% of a page, or that at the bottom of a page. The solution is +% described on page 260 of The TeXbook. It involves outputting two +% marks for the sectioning macros, one before the section break, and +% one after. I won't pretend I can describe this better than DEK... +\def\domark{% + \toks0=\expandafter{\lastchapterdefs}% + \toks2=\expandafter{\lastsectiondefs}% + \toks4=\expandafter{\prevchapterdefs}% + \toks6=\expandafter{\prevsectiondefs}% + \toks8=\expandafter{\lastcolordefs}% + \mark{% + \the\toks0 \the\toks2 % 0: top marks (\last...) + \noexpand\or \the\toks4 \the\toks6 % 1: bottom marks (default, \prev...) + \noexpand\else \the\toks8 % 2: color marks + }% +} +% \topmark doesn't work for the very first chapter (after the title +% page or the contents), so we use \firstmark there -- this gets us +% the mark with the chapter defs, unless the user sneaks in, e.g., +% @setcolor (or @url, or @link, etc.) between @contents and the very +% first @chapter. +\def\gettopheadingmarks{% + \ifcase0\topmark\fi + \ifx\thischapter\empty \ifcase0\firstmark\fi \fi +} +\def\getbottomheadingmarks{\ifcase1\botmark\fi} +\def\getcolormarks{\ifcase2\topmark\fi} + +% Avoid "undefined control sequence" errors. +\def\lastchapterdefs{} +\def\lastsectiondefs{} +\def\prevchapterdefs{} +\def\prevsectiondefs{} +\def\lastcolordefs{} + +% Main output routine. +\chardef\PAGE = 255 +\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}} + +\newbox\headlinebox +\newbox\footlinebox + +% \onepageout takes a vbox as an argument. Note that \pagecontents +% does insertions, but you have to call it yourself. +\def\onepageout#1{% + \ifcropmarks \hoffset=0pt \else \hoffset=\normaloffset \fi + % + \ifodd\pageno \advance\hoffset by \bindingoffset + \else \advance\hoffset by -\bindingoffset\fi + % + % Do this outside of the \shipout so @code etc. will be expanded in + % the headline as they should be, not taken literally (outputting ''code). + \def\commmonheadfootline{\let\hsize=\pagewidth \texinfochars} + % + \ifodd\pageno \getoddheadingmarks \else \getevenheadingmarks \fi + \global\setbox\headlinebox = \vbox{\commmonheadfootline \makeheadline}% + % + \ifodd\pageno \getoddfootingmarks \else \getevenfootingmarks \fi + \global\setbox\footlinebox = \vbox{\commmonheadfootline \makefootline}% + % + {% + % Have to do this stuff outside the \shipout because we want it to + % take effect in \write's, yet the group defined by the \vbox ends + % before the \shipout runs. + % + \indexdummies % don't expand commands in the output. + \normalturnoffactive % \ in index entries must not stay \, e.g., if + % the page break happens to be in the middle of an example. + % We don't want .vr (or whatever) entries like this: + % \entry{{\tt \indexbackslash }acronym}{32}{\code {\acronym}} + % "\acronym" won't work when it's read back in; + % it needs to be + % {\code {{\tt \backslashcurfont }acronym} + \shipout\vbox{% + % Do this early so pdf references go to the beginning of the page. + \ifpdfmakepagedest \pdfdest name{\the\pageno} xyz\fi + % + \ifcropmarks \vbox to \outervsize\bgroup + \hsize = \outerhsize + \vskip-\topandbottommargin + \vtop to0pt{% + \line{\ewtop\hfil\ewtop}% + \nointerlineskip + \line{% + \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nstop}% + \hfill + \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nstop}% + }% + \vss}% + \vskip\topandbottommargin + \line\bgroup + \hfil % center the page within the outer (page) hsize. + \ifodd\pageno\hskip\bindingoffset\fi + \vbox\bgroup + \fi + % + \unvbox\headlinebox + \pagebody{#1}% + \ifdim\ht\footlinebox > 0pt + % Only leave this space if the footline is nonempty. + % (We lessened \vsize for it in \oddfootingyyy.) + % The \baselineskip=24pt in plain's \makefootline has no effect. + \vskip 24pt + \unvbox\footlinebox + \fi + % + \ifcropmarks + \egroup % end of \vbox\bgroup + \hfil\egroup % end of (centering) \line\bgroup + \vskip\topandbottommargin plus1fill minus1fill + \boxmaxdepth = \cornerthick + \vbox to0pt{\vss + \line{% + \vbox{\moveleft\cornerthick\nsbot}% + \hfill + \vbox{\moveright\cornerthick\nsbot}% + }% + \nointerlineskip + \line{\ewbot\hfil\ewbot}% + }% + \egroup % \vbox from first cropmarks clause + \fi + }% end of \shipout\vbox + }% end of group with \indexdummies + \advancepageno + \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi +} + +\newinsert\margin \dimen\margin=\maxdimen + +\def\pagebody#1{\vbox to\pageheight{\boxmaxdepth=\maxdepth #1}} +{\catcode`\@ =11 +\gdef\pagecontents#1{\ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi +% marginal hacks, juha@viisa.uucp (Juha Takala) +\ifvoid\margin\else % marginal info is present + \rlap{\kern\hsize\vbox to\z@{\kern1pt\box\margin \vss}}\fi +\dimen@=\dp#1\relax \unvbox#1\relax +\ifvoid\footins\else\vskip\skip\footins\footnoterule \unvbox\footins\fi +\ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil \fi} +} + +% Here are the rules for the cropmarks. Note that they are +% offset so that the space between them is truly \outerhsize or \outervsize +% (P. A. MacKay, 12 November, 1986) +% +\def\ewtop{\vrule height\cornerthick depth0pt width\cornerlong} +\def\nstop{\vbox + {\hrule height\cornerthick depth\cornerlong width\cornerthick}} +\def\ewbot{\vrule height0pt depth\cornerthick width\cornerlong} +\def\nsbot{\vbox + {\hrule height\cornerlong depth\cornerthick width\cornerthick}} + +% Parse an argument, then pass it to #1. The argument is the rest of +% the input line (except we remove a trailing comment). #1 should be a +% macro which expects an ordinary undelimited TeX argument. +% +\def\parsearg{\parseargusing{}} +\def\parseargusing#1#2{% + \def\argtorun{#2}% + \begingroup + \obeylines + \spaceisspace + #1% + \parseargline\empty% Insert the \empty token, see \finishparsearg below. +} + +{\obeylines % + \gdef\parseargline#1^^M{% + \endgroup % End of the group started in \parsearg. + \argremovecomment #1\comment\ArgTerm% + }% +} + +% First remove any @comment, then any @c comment. +\def\argremovecomment#1\comment#2\ArgTerm{\argremovec #1\c\ArgTerm} +\def\argremovec#1\c#2\ArgTerm{\argcheckspaces#1\^^M\ArgTerm} + +% Each occurrence of `\^^M' or `\^^M' is replaced by a single space. +% +% \argremovec might leave us with trailing space, e.g., +% @end itemize @c foo +% This space token undergoes the same procedure and is eventually removed +% by \finishparsearg. +% +\def\argcheckspaces#1\^^M{\argcheckspacesX#1\^^M \^^M} +\def\argcheckspacesX#1 \^^M{\argcheckspacesY#1\^^M} +\def\argcheckspacesY#1\^^M#2\^^M#3\ArgTerm{% + \def\temp{#3}% + \ifx\temp\empty + % Do not use \next, perhaps the caller of \parsearg uses it; reuse \temp: + \let\temp\finishparsearg + \else + \let\temp\argcheckspaces + \fi + % Put the space token in: + \temp#1 #3\ArgTerm +} + +% If a _delimited_ argument is enclosed in braces, they get stripped; so +% to get _exactly_ the rest of the line, we had to prevent such situation. +% We prepended an \empty token at the very beginning and we expand it now, +% just before passing the control to \argtorun. +% (Similarly, we have to think about #3 of \argcheckspacesY above: it is +% either the null string, or it ends with \^^M---thus there is no danger +% that a pair of braces would be stripped. +% +% But first, we have to remove the trailing space token. +% +\def\finishparsearg#1 \ArgTerm{\expandafter\argtorun\expandafter{#1}} + +% \parseargdef\foo{...} +% is roughly equivalent to +% \def\foo{\parsearg\Xfoo} +% \def\Xfoo#1{...} +% +% Actually, I use \csname\string\foo\endcsname, ie. \\foo, as it is my +% favourite TeX trick. --kasal, 16nov03 + +\def\parseargdef#1{% + \expandafter \doparseargdef \csname\string#1\endcsname #1% +} +\def\doparseargdef#1#2{% + \def#2{\parsearg#1}% + \def#1##1% +} + +% Several utility definitions with active space: +{ + \obeyspaces + \gdef\obeyedspace{ } + + % Make each space character in the input produce a normal interword + % space in the output. Don't allow a line break at this space, as this + % is used only in environments like @example, where each line of input + % should produce a line of output anyway. + % + \gdef\sepspaces{\obeyspaces\let =\tie} + + % If an index command is used in an @example environment, any spaces + % therein should become regular spaces in the raw index file, not the + % expansion of \tie (\leavevmode \penalty \@M \ ). + \gdef\unsepspaces{\let =\space} +} + + +\def\flushcr{\ifx\par\lisppar \def\next##1{}\else \let\next=\relax \fi \next} + +% Define the framework for environments in texinfo.tex. It's used like this: +% +% \envdef\foo{...} +% \def\Efoo{...} +% +% It's the responsibility of \envdef to insert \begingroup before the +% actual body; @end closes the group after calling \Efoo. \envdef also +% defines \thisenv, so the current environment is known; @end checks +% whether the environment name matches. The \checkenv macro can also be +% used to check whether the current environment is the one expected. +% +% Non-false conditionals (@iftex, @ifset) don't fit into this, so they +% are not treated as environments; they don't open a group. (The +% implementation of @end takes care not to call \endgroup in this +% special case.) + + +% At run-time, environments start with this: +\def\startenvironment#1{\begingroup\def\thisenv{#1}} +% initialize +\let\thisenv\empty + +% ... but they get defined via ``\envdef\foo{...}'': +\long\def\envdef#1#2{\def#1{\startenvironment#1#2}} +\def\envparseargdef#1#2{\parseargdef#1{\startenvironment#1#2}} + +% Check whether we're in the right environment: +\def\checkenv#1{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\thisenv\temp + \else + \badenverr + \fi +} + +% Environment mismatch, #1 expected: +\def\badenverr{% + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{This command can appear only \inenvironment\temp, + not \inenvironment\thisenv}% +} +\def\inenvironment#1{% + \ifx#1\empty + outside of any environment% + \else + in environment \expandafter\string#1% + \fi +} + +% @end foo executes the definition of \Efoo. +% But first, it executes a specialized version of \checkenv +% +\parseargdef\end{% + \if 1\csname iscond.#1\endcsname + \else + % The general wording of \badenverr may not be ideal. + \expandafter\checkenv\csname#1\endcsname + \csname E#1\endcsname + \endgroup + \fi +} + +\newhelp\EMsimple{Press RETURN to continue.} + + +% Be sure we're in horizontal mode when doing a tie, since we make space +% equivalent to this in @example-like environments. Otherwise, a space +% at the beginning of a line will start with \penalty -- and +% since \penalty is valid in vertical mode, we'd end up putting the +% penalty on the vertical list instead of in the new paragraph. +{\catcode`@ = 11 + % Avoid using \@M directly, because that causes trouble + % if the definition is written into an index file. + \global\let\tiepenalty = \@M + \gdef\tie{\leavevmode\penalty\tiepenalty\ } +} + +% @: forces normal size whitespace following. +\def\:{\spacefactor=1000 } + +% @* forces a line break. +\def\*{\unskip\hfil\break\hbox{}\ignorespaces} + +% @/ allows a line break. +\let\/=\allowbreak + +% @. is an end-of-sentence period. +\def\.{.\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space} + +% @! is an end-of-sentence bang. +\def\!{!\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space} + +% @? is an end-of-sentence query. +\def\?{?\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space} + +% @frenchspacing on|off says whether to put extra space after punctuation. +% +\def\onword{on} +\def\offword{off} +% +\parseargdef\frenchspacing{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\onword \plainfrenchspacing + \else\ifx\temp\offword \plainnonfrenchspacing + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @frenchspacing option `\temp', must be on|off}% + \fi\fi +} + +% @w prevents a word break. Without the \leavevmode, @w at the +% beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would +% produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph. +\def\w#1{\leavevmode\hbox{#1}} + +% @group ... @end group forces ... to be all on one page, by enclosing +% it in a TeX vbox. We use \vtop instead of \vbox to construct the box +% to keep its height that of a normal line. According to the rules for +% \topskip (p.114 of the TeXbook), the glue inserted is +% max (\topskip - \ht (first item), 0). If that height is large, +% therefore, no glue is inserted, and the space between the headline and +% the text is small, which looks bad. +% +% Another complication is that the group might be very large. This can +% cause the glue on the previous page to be unduly stretched, because it +% does not have much material. In this case, it's better to add an +% explicit \vfill so that the extra space is at the bottom. The +% threshold for doing this is if the group is more than \vfilllimit +% percent of a page (\vfilllimit can be changed inside of @tex). +% +\newbox\groupbox +\def\vfilllimit{0.7} +% +\envdef\group{% + \ifnum\catcode`\^^M=\active \else + \errhelp = \groupinvalidhelp + \errmessage{@group invalid in context where filling is enabled}% + \fi + \startsavinginserts + % + \setbox\groupbox = \vtop\bgroup + % Do @comment since we are called inside an environment such as + % @example, where each end-of-line in the input causes an + % end-of-line in the output. We don't want the end-of-line after + % the `@group' to put extra space in the output. Since @group + % should appear on a line by itself (according to the Texinfo + % manual), we don't worry about eating any user text. + \comment +} +% +% The \vtop produces a box with normal height and large depth; thus, TeX puts +% \baselineskip glue before it, and (when the next line of text is done) +% \lineskip glue after it. Thus, space below is not quite equal to space +% above. But it's pretty close. +\def\Egroup{% + % To get correct interline space between the last line of the group + % and the first line afterwards, we have to propagate \prevdepth. + \endgraf % Not \par, as it may have been set to \lisppar. + \global\dimen1 = \prevdepth + \egroup % End the \vtop. + % \dimen0 is the vertical size of the group's box. + \dimen0 = \ht\groupbox \advance\dimen0 by \dp\groupbox + % \dimen2 is how much space is left on the page (more or less). + \dimen2 = \pageheight \advance\dimen2 by -\pagetotal + % if the group doesn't fit on the current page, and it's a big big + % group, force a page break. + \ifdim \dimen0 > \dimen2 + \ifdim \pagetotal < \vfilllimit\pageheight + \page + \fi + \fi + \box\groupbox + \prevdepth = \dimen1 + \checkinserts +} +% +% TeX puts in an \escapechar (i.e., `@') at the beginning of the help +% message, so this ends up printing `@group can only ...'. +% +\newhelp\groupinvalidhelp{% +group can only be used in environments such as @example,^^J% +where each line of input produces a line of output.} + +% @need space-in-mils +% forces a page break if there is not space-in-mils remaining. + +\newdimen\mil \mil=0.001in + +\parseargdef\need{% + % Ensure vertical mode, so we don't make a big box in the middle of a + % paragraph. + \par + % + % If the @need value is less than one line space, it's useless. + \dimen0 = #1\mil + \dimen2 = \ht\strutbox + \advance\dimen2 by \dp\strutbox + \ifdim\dimen0 > \dimen2 + % + % Do a \strut just to make the height of this box be normal, so the + % normal leading is inserted relative to the preceding line. + % And a page break here is fine. + \vtop to #1\mil{\strut\vfil}% + % + % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the + % main vertical list is 10000 or more. But in order to see if the + % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider + % page breaks. On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the + % page after the empty box. So we use a penalty of 9999. + % + % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the + % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in + % sight. (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which + % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing + % good page breaking, for example.) However, I could not construct an + % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real + % document, then we can reconsider our strategy. + \penalty9999 + % + % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not. + \kern -#1\mil + % + % Do not allow a page break right after this kern. + \nobreak + \fi +} + +% @br forces paragraph break (and is undocumented). + +\let\br = \par + +% @page forces the start of a new page. +% +\def\page{\par\vfill\supereject} + +% @exdent text.... +% outputs text on separate line in roman font, starting at standard page margin + +% This records the amount of indent in the innermost environment. +% That's how much \exdent should take out. +\newskip\exdentamount + +% This defn is used inside fill environments such as @defun. +\parseargdef\exdent{\hfil\break\hbox{\kern -\exdentamount{\rm#1}}\hfil\break} + +% This defn is used inside nofill environments such as @example. +\parseargdef\nofillexdent{{\advance \leftskip by -\exdentamount + \leftline{\hskip\leftskip{\rm#1}}}} + +% @inmargin{WHICH}{TEXT} puts TEXT in the WHICH margin next to the current +% paragraph. For more general purposes, use the \margin insertion +% class. WHICH is `l' or `r'. Not documented, written for gawk manual. +% +\newskip\inmarginspacing \inmarginspacing=1cm +\def\strutdepth{\dp\strutbox} +% +\def\doinmargin#1#2{\strut\vadjust{% + \nobreak + \kern-\strutdepth + \vtop to \strutdepth{% + \baselineskip=\strutdepth + \vss + % if you have multiple lines of stuff to put here, you'll need to + % make the vbox yourself of the appropriate size. + \ifx#1l% + \llap{\ignorespaces #2\hskip\inmarginspacing}% + \else + \rlap{\hskip\hsize \hskip\inmarginspacing \ignorespaces #2}% + \fi + \null + }% +}} +\def\inleftmargin{\doinmargin l} +\def\inrightmargin{\doinmargin r} +% +% @inmargin{TEXT [, RIGHT-TEXT]} +% (if RIGHT-TEXT is given, use TEXT for left page, RIGHT-TEXT for right; +% else use TEXT for both). +% +\def\inmargin#1{\parseinmargin #1,,\finish} +\def\parseinmargin#1,#2,#3\finish{% not perfect, but better than nothing. + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}% + \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt + \def\lefttext{#1}% have both texts + \def\righttext{#2}% + \else + \def\lefttext{#1}% have only one text + \def\righttext{#1}% + \fi + % + \ifodd\pageno + \def\temp{\inrightmargin\righttext}% odd page -> outside is right margin + \else + \def\temp{\inleftmargin\lefttext}% + \fi + \temp +} + +% @| inserts a changebar to the left of the current line. It should +% surround any changed text. This approach does *not* work if the +% change spans more than two lines of output. To handle that, we would +% have adopt a much more difficult approach (putting marks into the main +% vertical list for the beginning and end of each change). This command +% is not documented, not supported, and doesn't work. +% +\def\|{% + % \vadjust can only be used in horizontal mode. + \leavevmode + % + % Append this vertical mode material after the current line in the output. + \vadjust{% + % We want to insert a rule with the height and depth of the current + % leading; that is exactly what \strutbox is supposed to record. + \vskip-\baselineskip + % + % \vadjust-items are inserted at the left edge of the type. So + % the \llap here moves out into the left-hand margin. + \llap{% + % + % For a thicker or thinner bar, change the `1pt'. + \vrule height\baselineskip width1pt + % + % This is the space between the bar and the text. + \hskip 12pt + }% + }% +} + +% @include FILE -- \input text of FILE. +% +\def\include{\parseargusing\filenamecatcodes\includezzz} +\def\includezzz#1{% + \pushthisfilestack + \def\thisfile{#1}% + {% + \makevalueexpandable % we want to expand any @value in FILE. + \turnoffactive % and allow special characters in the expansion + \indexnofonts % Allow `@@' and other weird things in file names. + \wlog{texinfo.tex: doing @include of #1^^J}% + \edef\temp{\noexpand\input #1 }% + % + % This trickery is to read FILE outside of a group, in case it makes + % definitions, etc. + \expandafter + }\temp + \popthisfilestack +} +\def\filenamecatcodes{% + \catcode`\\=\other + \catcode`~=\other + \catcode`^=\other + \catcode`_=\other + \catcode`|=\other + \catcode`<=\other + \catcode`>=\other + \catcode`+=\other + \catcode`-=\other + \catcode`\`=\other + \catcode`\'=\other +} + +\def\pushthisfilestack{% + \expandafter\pushthisfilestackX\popthisfilestack\StackTerm +} +\def\pushthisfilestackX{% + \expandafter\pushthisfilestackY\thisfile\StackTerm +} +\def\pushthisfilestackY #1\StackTerm #2\StackTerm {% + \gdef\popthisfilestack{\gdef\thisfile{#1}\gdef\popthisfilestack{#2}}% +} + +\def\popthisfilestack{\errthisfilestackempty} +\def\errthisfilestackempty{\errmessage{Internal error: + the stack of filenames is empty.}} +% +\def\thisfile{} + +% @center line +% outputs that line, centered. +% +\parseargdef\center{% + \ifhmode + \let\centersub\centerH + \else + \let\centersub\centerV + \fi + \centersub{\hfil \ignorespaces#1\unskip \hfil}% + \let\centersub\relax % don't let the definition persist, just in case +} +\def\centerH#1{{% + \hfil\break + \advance\hsize by -\leftskip + \advance\hsize by -\rightskip + \line{#1}% + \break +}} +% +\newcount\centerpenalty +\def\centerV#1{% + % The idea here is the same as in \startdefun, \cartouche, etc.: if + % @center is the first thing after a section heading, we need to wipe + % out the negative parskip inserted by \sectionheading, but still + % prevent a page break here. + \centerpenalty = \lastpenalty + \ifnum\centerpenalty>10000 \vskip\parskip \fi + \ifnum\centerpenalty>9999 \penalty\centerpenalty \fi + \line{\kern\leftskip #1\kern\rightskip}% +} + +% @sp n outputs n lines of vertical space +% +\parseargdef\sp{\vskip #1\baselineskip} + +% @comment ...line which is ignored... +% @c is the same as @comment +% @ignore ... @end ignore is another way to write a comment +% +\def\comment{\begingroup \catcode`\^^M=\other% +\catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\{=\other \catcode`\}=\other% +\commentxxx} +{\catcode`\^^M=\other \gdef\commentxxx#1^^M{\endgroup}} +% +\let\c=\comment + +% @paragraphindent NCHARS +% We'll use ems for NCHARS, close enough. +% NCHARS can also be the word `asis' or `none'. +% We cannot feasibly implement @paragraphindent asis, though. +% +\def\asisword{asis} % no translation, these are keywords +\def\noneword{none} +% +\parseargdef\paragraphindent{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\asisword + \else + \ifx\temp\noneword + \defaultparindent = 0pt + \else + \defaultparindent = #1em + \fi + \fi + \parindent = \defaultparindent +} + +% @exampleindent NCHARS +% We'll use ems for NCHARS like @paragraphindent. +% It seems @exampleindent asis isn't necessary, but +% I preserve it to make it similar to @paragraphindent. +\parseargdef\exampleindent{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\asisword + \else + \ifx\temp\noneword + \lispnarrowing = 0pt + \else + \lispnarrowing = #1em + \fi + \fi +} + +% @firstparagraphindent WORD +% If WORD is `none', then suppress indentation of the first paragraph +% after a section heading. If WORD is `insert', then do indent at such +% paragraphs. +% +% The paragraph indentation is suppressed or not by calling +% \suppressfirstparagraphindent, which the sectioning commands do. +% We switch the definition of this back and forth according to WORD. +% By default, we suppress indentation. +% +\def\suppressfirstparagraphindent{\dosuppressfirstparagraphindent} +\def\insertword{insert} +% +\parseargdef\firstparagraphindent{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\noneword + \let\suppressfirstparagraphindent = \dosuppressfirstparagraphindent + \else\ifx\temp\insertword + \let\suppressfirstparagraphindent = \relax + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @firstparagraphindent option `\temp'}% + \fi\fi +} + +% Here is how we actually suppress indentation. Redefine \everypar to +% \kern backwards by \parindent, and then reset itself to empty. +% +% We also make \indent itself not actually do anything until the next +% paragraph. +% +\gdef\dosuppressfirstparagraphindent{% + \gdef\indent{% + \restorefirstparagraphindent + \indent + }% + \gdef\noindent{% + \restorefirstparagraphindent + \noindent + }% + \global\everypar = {% + \kern -\parindent + \restorefirstparagraphindent + }% +} + +\gdef\restorefirstparagraphindent{% + \global \let \indent = \ptexindent + \global \let \noindent = \ptexnoindent + \global \everypar = {}% +} + + +% @refill is a no-op. +\let\refill=\relax + +% If working on a large document in chapters, it is convenient to +% be able to disable indexing, cross-referencing, and contents, for test runs. +% This is done with @novalidate (before @setfilename). +% +\newif\iflinks \linkstrue % by default we want the aux files. +\let\novalidate = \linksfalse + +% @setfilename is done at the beginning of every texinfo file. +% So open here the files we need to have open while reading the input. +% This makes it possible to make a .fmt file for texinfo. +\def\setfilename{% + \fixbackslash % Turn off hack to swallow `\input texinfo'. + \iflinks + \tryauxfile + % Open the new aux file. TeX will close it automatically at exit. + \immediate\openout\auxfile=\jobname.aux + \fi % \openindices needs to do some work in any case. + \openindices + \let\setfilename=\comment % Ignore extra @setfilename cmds. + % + % If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it. + % Useful for site-wide @afourpaper, etc. + \openin 1 texinfo.cnf + \ifeof 1 \else \input texinfo.cnf \fi + \closein 1 + % + \comment % Ignore the actual filename. +} + +% Called from \setfilename. +% +\def\openindices{% + \newindex{cp}% + \newcodeindex{fn}% + \newcodeindex{vr}% + \newcodeindex{tp}% + \newcodeindex{ky}% + \newcodeindex{pg}% +} + +% @bye. +\outer\def\bye{\pagealignmacro\tracingstats=1\ptexend} + + +\message{pdf,} +% adobe `portable' document format +\newcount\tempnum +\newcount\lnkcount +\newtoks\filename +\newcount\filenamelength +\newcount\pgn +\newtoks\toksA +\newtoks\toksB +\newtoks\toksC +\newtoks\toksD +\newbox\boxA +\newcount\countA +\newif\ifpdf +\newif\ifpdfmakepagedest + +% when pdftex is run in dvi mode, \pdfoutput is defined (so \pdfoutput=1 +% can be set). So we test for \relax and 0 as well as being undefined. +\ifx\pdfoutput\thisisundefined +\else + \ifx\pdfoutput\relax + \else + \ifcase\pdfoutput + \else + \pdftrue + \fi + \fi +\fi + +% PDF uses PostScript string constants for the names of xref targets, +% for display in the outlines, and in other places. Thus, we have to +% double any backslashes. Otherwise, a name like "\node" will be +% interpreted as a newline (\n), followed by o, d, e. Not good. +% +% See http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-July/000654.html and +% related messages. The final outcome is that it is up to the TeX user +% to double the backslashes and otherwise make the string valid, so +% that's what we do. pdftex 1.30.0 (ca.2005) introduced a primitive to +% do this reliably, so we use it. + +% #1 is a control sequence in which to do the replacements, +% which we \xdef. +\def\txiescapepdf#1{% + \ifx\pdfescapestring\thisisundefined + % No primitive available; should we give a warning or log? + % Many times it won't matter. + \else + % The expandable \pdfescapestring primitive escapes parentheses, + % backslashes, and other special chars. + \xdef#1{\pdfescapestring{#1}}% + \fi +} + +\newhelp\nopdfimagehelp{Texinfo supports .png, .jpg, .jpeg, and .pdf images +with PDF output, and none of those formats could be found. (.eps cannot +be supported due to the design of the PDF format; use regular TeX (DVI +output) for that.)} + +\ifpdf + % + % Color manipulation macros based on pdfcolor.tex, + % except using rgb instead of cmyk; the latter is said to render as a + % very dark gray on-screen and a very dark halftone in print, instead + % of actual black. + \def\rgbDarkRed{0.50 0.09 0.12} + \def\rgbBlack{0 0 0} + % + % k sets the color for filling (usual text, etc.); + % K sets the color for stroking (thin rules, e.g., normal _'s). + \def\pdfsetcolor#1{\pdfliteral{#1 rg #1 RG}} + % + % Set color, and create a mark which defines \thiscolor accordingly, + % so that \makeheadline knows which color to restore. + \def\setcolor#1{% + \xdef\lastcolordefs{\gdef\noexpand\thiscolor{#1}}% + \domark + \pdfsetcolor{#1}% + } + % + \def\maincolor{\rgbBlack} + \pdfsetcolor{\maincolor} + \edef\thiscolor{\maincolor} + \def\lastcolordefs{} + % + \def\makefootline{% + \baselineskip24pt + \line{\pdfsetcolor{\maincolor}\the\footline}% + } + % + \def\makeheadline{% + \vbox to 0pt{% + \vskip-22.5pt + \line{% + \vbox to8.5pt{}% + % Extract \thiscolor definition from the marks. + \getcolormarks + % Typeset the headline with \maincolor, then restore the color. + \pdfsetcolor{\maincolor}\the\headline\pdfsetcolor{\thiscolor}% + }% + \vss + }% + \nointerlineskip + } + % + % + \pdfcatalog{/PageMode /UseOutlines} + % + % #1 is image name, #2 width (might be empty/whitespace), #3 height (ditto). + \def\dopdfimage#1#2#3{% + \def\pdfimagewidth{#2}\setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}% + \def\pdfimageheight{#3}\setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}% + % + % pdftex (and the PDF format) support .pdf, .png, .jpg (among + % others). Let's try in that order, PDF first since if + % someone has a scalable image, presumably better to use that than a + % bitmap. + \let\pdfimgext=\empty + \begingroup + \openin 1 #1.pdf \ifeof 1 + \openin 1 #1.PDF \ifeof 1 + \openin 1 #1.png \ifeof 1 + \openin 1 #1.jpg \ifeof 1 + \openin 1 #1.jpeg \ifeof 1 + \openin 1 #1.JPG \ifeof 1 + \errhelp = \nopdfimagehelp + \errmessage{Could not find image file #1 for pdf}% + \else \gdef\pdfimgext{JPG}% + \fi + \else \gdef\pdfimgext{jpeg}% + \fi + \else \gdef\pdfimgext{jpg}% + \fi + \else \gdef\pdfimgext{png}% + \fi + \else \gdef\pdfimgext{PDF}% + \fi + \else \gdef\pdfimgext{pdf}% + \fi + \closein 1 + \endgroup + % + % without \immediate, ancient pdftex seg faults when the same image is + % included twice. (Version 3.14159-pre-1.0-unofficial-20010704.) + \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 + \immediate\pdfimage + \else + \immediate\pdfximage + \fi + \ifdim \wd0 >0pt width \pdfimagewidth \fi + \ifdim \wd2 >0pt height \pdfimageheight \fi + \ifnum\pdftexversion<13 + #1.\pdfimgext + \else + {#1.\pdfimgext}% + \fi + \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 \else + \pdfrefximage \pdflastximage + \fi} + % + \def\pdfmkdest#1{{% + % We have to set dummies so commands such as @code, and characters + % such as \, aren't expanded when present in a section title. + \indexnofonts + \turnoffactive + \makevalueexpandable + \def\pdfdestname{#1}% + \txiescapepdf\pdfdestname + \safewhatsit{\pdfdest name{\pdfdestname} xyz}% + }} + % + % used to mark target names; must be expandable. + \def\pdfmkpgn#1{#1} + % + % by default, use a color that is dark enough to print on paper as + % nearly black, but still distinguishable for online viewing. + \def\urlcolor{\rgbDarkRed} + \def\linkcolor{\rgbDarkRed} + \def\endlink{\setcolor{\maincolor}\pdfendlink} + % + % Adding outlines to PDF; macros for calculating structure of outlines + % come from Petr Olsak + \def\expnumber#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax 0% + \else \csname#1\endcsname \fi} + \def\advancenumber#1{\tempnum=\expnumber{#1}\relax + \advance\tempnum by 1 + \expandafter\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{\the\tempnum}} + % + % #1 is the section text, which is what will be displayed in the + % outline by the pdf viewer. #2 is the pdf expression for the number + % of subentries (or empty, for subsubsections). #3 is the node text, + % which might be empty if this toc entry had no corresponding node. + % #4 is the page number + % + \def\dopdfoutline#1#2#3#4{% + % Generate a link to the node text if that exists; else, use the + % page number. We could generate a destination for the section + % text in the case where a section has no node, but it doesn't + % seem worth the trouble, since most documents are normally structured. + \edef\pdfoutlinedest{#3}% + \ifx\pdfoutlinedest\empty + \def\pdfoutlinedest{#4}% + \else + \txiescapepdf\pdfoutlinedest + \fi + % + % Also escape PDF chars in the display string. + \edef\pdfoutlinetext{#1}% + \txiescapepdf\pdfoutlinetext + % + \pdfoutline goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfoutlinedest}}#2{\pdfoutlinetext}% + } + % + \def\pdfmakeoutlines{% + \begingroup + % Read toc silently, to get counts of subentries for \pdfoutline. + \def\partentry##1##2##3##4{}% ignore parts in the outlines + \def\numchapentry##1##2##3##4{% + \def\thischapnum{##2}% + \def\thissecnum{0}% + \def\thissubsecnum{0}% + }% + \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{% + \advancenumber{chap\thischapnum}% + \def\thissecnum{##2}% + \def\thissubsecnum{0}% + }% + \def\numsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{% + \advancenumber{sec\thissecnum}% + \def\thissubsecnum{##2}% + }% + \def\numsubsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{% + \advancenumber{subsec\thissubsecnum}% + }% + \def\thischapnum{0}% + \def\thissecnum{0}% + \def\thissubsecnum{0}% + % + % use \def rather than \let here because we redefine \chapentry et + % al. a second time, below. + \def\appentry{\numchapentry}% + \def\appsecentry{\numsecentry}% + \def\appsubsecentry{\numsubsecentry}% + \def\appsubsubsecentry{\numsubsubsecentry}% + \def\unnchapentry{\numchapentry}% + \def\unnsecentry{\numsecentry}% + \def\unnsubsecentry{\numsubsecentry}% + \def\unnsubsubsecentry{\numsubsubsecentry}% + \readdatafile{toc}% + % + % Read toc second time, this time actually producing the outlines. + % The `-' means take the \expnumber as the absolute number of + % subentries, which we calculated on our first read of the .toc above. + % + % We use the node names as the destinations. + \def\numchapentry##1##2##3##4{% + \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{chap##2}}{##3}{##4}}% + \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{% + \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{sec##2}}{##3}{##4}}% + \def\numsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{% + \dopdfoutline{##1}{count-\expnumber{subsec##2}}{##3}{##4}}% + \def\numsubsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{% count is always zero + \dopdfoutline{##1}{}{##3}{##4}}% + % + % PDF outlines are displayed using system fonts, instead of + % document fonts. Therefore we cannot use special characters, + % since the encoding is unknown. For example, the eogonek from + % Latin 2 (0xea) gets translated to a | character. Info from + % Staszek Wawrykiewicz, 19 Jan 2004 04:09:24 +0100. + % + % TODO this right, we have to translate 8-bit characters to + % their "best" equivalent, based on the @documentencoding. Too + % much work for too little return. Just use the ASCII equivalents + % we use for the index sort strings. + % + \indexnofonts + \setupdatafile + % We can have normal brace characters in the PDF outlines, unlike + % Texinfo index files. So set that up. + \def\{{\lbracecharliteral}% + \def\}{\rbracecharliteral}% + \catcode`\\=\active \otherbackslash + \input \tocreadfilename + \endgroup + } + {\catcode`[=1 \catcode`]=2 + \catcode`{=\other \catcode`}=\other + \gdef\lbracecharliteral[{]% + \gdef\rbracecharliteral[}]% + ] + % + \def\skipspaces#1{\def\PP{#1}\def\D{|}% + \ifx\PP\D\let\nextsp\relax + \else\let\nextsp\skipspaces + \addtokens{\filename}{\PP}% + \advance\filenamelength by 1 + \fi + \nextsp} + \def\getfilename#1{% + \filenamelength=0 + % If we don't expand the argument now, \skipspaces will get + % snagged on things like "@value{foo}". + \edef\temp{#1}% + \expandafter\skipspaces\temp|\relax + } + \ifnum\pdftexversion < 14 + \let \startlink \pdfannotlink + \else + \let \startlink \pdfstartlink + \fi + % make a live url in pdf output. + \def\pdfurl#1{% + \begingroup + % it seems we really need yet another set of dummies; have not + % tried to figure out what each command should do in the context + % of @url. for now, just make @/ a no-op, that's the only one + % people have actually reported a problem with. + % + \normalturnoffactive + \def\@{@}% + \let\/=\empty + \makevalueexpandable + % do we want to go so far as to use \indexnofonts instead of just + % special-casing \var here? + \def\var##1{##1}% + % + \leavevmode\setcolor{\urlcolor}% + \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}% + user{/Subtype /Link /A << /S /URI /URI (#1) >>}% + \endgroup} + \def\pdfgettoks#1.{\setbox\boxA=\hbox{\toksA={#1.}\toksB={}\maketoks}} + \def\addtokens#1#2{\edef\addtoks{\noexpand#1={\the#1#2}}\addtoks} + \def\adn#1{\addtokens{\toksC}{#1}\global\countA=1\let\next=\maketoks} + \def\poptoks#1#2|ENDTOKS|{\let\first=#1\toksD={#1}\toksA={#2}} + \def\maketoks{% + \expandafter\poptoks\the\toksA|ENDTOKS|\relax + \ifx\first0\adn0 + \else\ifx\first1\adn1 \else\ifx\first2\adn2 \else\ifx\first3\adn3 + \else\ifx\first4\adn4 \else\ifx\first5\adn5 \else\ifx\first6\adn6 + \else\ifx\first7\adn7 \else\ifx\first8\adn8 \else\ifx\first9\adn9 + \else + \ifnum0=\countA\else\makelink\fi + \ifx\first.\let\next=\done\else + \let\next=\maketoks + \addtokens{\toksB}{\the\toksD} + \ifx\first,\addtokens{\toksB}{\space}\fi + \fi + \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi + \next} + \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}% + {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0} + \def\pdflink#1{% + \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} goto name{\pdfmkpgn{#1}} + \setcolor{\linkcolor}#1\endlink} + \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st} +\else + % non-pdf mode + \let\pdfmkdest = \gobble + \let\pdfurl = \gobble + \let\endlink = \relax + \let\setcolor = \gobble + \let\pdfsetcolor = \gobble + \let\pdfmakeoutlines = \relax +\fi % \ifx\pdfoutput + + +\message{fonts,} + +% Change the current font style to #1, remembering it in \curfontstyle. +% For now, we do not accumulate font styles: @b{@i{foo}} prints foo in +% italics, not bold italics. +% +\def\setfontstyle#1{% + \def\curfontstyle{#1}% not as a control sequence, because we are \edef'd. + \csname ten#1\endcsname % change the current font +} + +% Select #1 fonts with the current style. +% +\def\selectfonts#1{\csname #1fonts\endcsname \csname\curfontstyle\endcsname} + +\def\rm{\fam=0 \setfontstyle{rm}} +\def\it{\fam=\itfam \setfontstyle{it}} +\def\sl{\fam=\slfam \setfontstyle{sl}} +\def\bf{\fam=\bffam \setfontstyle{bf}}\def\bfstylename{bf} +\def\tt{\fam=\ttfam \setfontstyle{tt}} + +% Unfortunately, we have to override this for titles and the like, since +% in those cases "rm" is bold. Sigh. +\def\rmisbold{\rm\def\curfontstyle{bf}} + +% Texinfo sort of supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not. +% So we set up a \sf. +\newfam\sffam +\def\sf{\fam=\sffam \setfontstyle{sf}} +\let\li = \sf % Sometimes we call it \li, not \sf. + +% We don't need math for this font style. +\def\ttsl{\setfontstyle{ttsl}} + + +% Set the baselineskip to #1, and the lineskip and strut size +% correspondingly. There is no deep meaning behind these magic numbers +% used as factors; they just match (closely enough) what Knuth defined. +% +\def\lineskipfactor{.08333} +\def\strutheightpercent{.70833} +\def\strutdepthpercent {.29167} +% +% can get a sort of poor man's double spacing by redefining this. +\def\baselinefactor{1} +% +\newdimen\textleading +\def\setleading#1{% + \dimen0 = #1\relax + \normalbaselineskip = \baselinefactor\dimen0 + \normallineskip = \lineskipfactor\normalbaselineskip + \normalbaselines + \setbox\strutbox =\hbox{% + \vrule width0pt height\strutheightpercent\baselineskip + depth \strutdepthpercent \baselineskip + }% +} + +% PDF CMaps. See also LaTeX's t1.cmap. +% +% do nothing with this by default. +\expandafter\let\csname cmapOT1\endcsname\gobble +\expandafter\let\csname cmapOT1IT\endcsname\gobble +\expandafter\let\csname cmapOT1TT\endcsname\gobble + +% if we are producing pdf, and we have \pdffontattr, then define cmaps. +% (\pdffontattr was introduced many years ago, but people still run +% older pdftex's; it's easy to conditionalize, so we do.) +\ifpdf \ifx\pdffontattr\thisisundefined \else + \begingroup + \catcode`\^^M=\active \def^^M{^^J}% Output line endings as the ^^J char. + \catcode`\%=12 \immediate\pdfobj stream {%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-CMap +%%DocumentNeededResources: ProcSet (CIDInit) +%%IncludeResource: ProcSet (CIDInit) +%%BeginResource: CMap (TeX-OT1-0) +%%Title: (TeX-OT1-0 TeX OT1 0) +%%Version: 1.000 +%%EndComments +/CIDInit /ProcSet findresource begin +12 dict begin +begincmap +/CIDSystemInfo +<< /Registry (TeX) +/Ordering (OT1) +/Supplement 0 +>> def +/CMapName /TeX-OT1-0 def +/CMapType 2 def +1 begincodespacerange +<00> <7F> +endcodespacerange +8 beginbfrange +<00> <01> <0393> +<09> <0A> <03A8> +<23> <26> <0023> +<28> <3B> <0028> +<3F> <5B> <003F> +<5D> <5E> <005D> +<61> <7A> <0061> +<7B> <7C> <2013> +endbfrange +40 beginbfchar +<02> <0398> +<03> <039B> +<04> <039E> +<05> <03A0> +<06> <03A3> +<07> <03D2> +<08> <03A6> +<0B> <00660066> +<0C> <00660069> +<0D> <0066006C> +<0E> <006600660069> +<0F> <00660066006C> +<10> <0131> +<11> <0237> +<12> <0060> +<13> <00B4> +<14> <02C7> +<15> <02D8> +<16> <00AF> +<17> <02DA> +<18> <00B8> +<19> <00DF> +<1A> <00E6> +<1B> <0153> +<1C> <00F8> +<1D> <00C6> +<1E> <0152> +<1F> <00D8> +<21> <0021> +<22> <201D> +<27> <2019> +<3C> <00A1> +<3D> <003D> +<3E> <00BF> +<5C> <201C> +<5F> <02D9> +<60> <2018> +<7D> <02DD> +<7E> <007E> +<7F> <00A8> +endbfchar +endcmap +CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop +end +end +%%EndResource +%%EOF + }\endgroup + \expandafter\edef\csname cmapOT1\endcsname#1{% + \pdffontattr#1{/ToUnicode \the\pdflastobj\space 0 R}% + }% +% +% \cmapOT1IT + \begingroup + \catcode`\^^M=\active \def^^M{^^J}% Output line endings as the ^^J char. + \catcode`\%=12 \immediate\pdfobj stream {%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-CMap +%%DocumentNeededResources: ProcSet (CIDInit) +%%IncludeResource: ProcSet (CIDInit) +%%BeginResource: CMap (TeX-OT1IT-0) +%%Title: (TeX-OT1IT-0 TeX OT1IT 0) +%%Version: 1.000 +%%EndComments +/CIDInit /ProcSet findresource begin +12 dict begin +begincmap +/CIDSystemInfo +<< /Registry (TeX) +/Ordering (OT1IT) +/Supplement 0 +>> def +/CMapName /TeX-OT1IT-0 def +/CMapType 2 def +1 begincodespacerange +<00> <7F> +endcodespacerange +8 beginbfrange +<00> <01> <0393> +<09> <0A> <03A8> +<25> <26> <0025> +<28> <3B> <0028> +<3F> <5B> <003F> +<5D> <5E> <005D> +<61> <7A> <0061> +<7B> <7C> <2013> +endbfrange +42 beginbfchar +<02> <0398> +<03> <039B> +<04> <039E> +<05> <03A0> +<06> <03A3> +<07> <03D2> +<08> <03A6> +<0B> <00660066> +<0C> <00660069> +<0D> <0066006C> +<0E> <006600660069> +<0F> <00660066006C> +<10> <0131> +<11> <0237> +<12> <0060> +<13> <00B4> +<14> <02C7> +<15> <02D8> +<16> <00AF> +<17> <02DA> +<18> <00B8> +<19> <00DF> +<1A> <00E6> +<1B> <0153> +<1C> <00F8> +<1D> <00C6> +<1E> <0152> +<1F> <00D8> +<21> <0021> +<22> <201D> +<23> <0023> +<24> <00A3> +<27> <2019> +<3C> <00A1> +<3D> <003D> +<3E> <00BF> +<5C> <201C> +<5F> <02D9> +<60> <2018> +<7D> <02DD> +<7E> <007E> +<7F> <00A8> +endbfchar +endcmap +CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop +end +end +%%EndResource +%%EOF + }\endgroup + \expandafter\edef\csname cmapOT1IT\endcsname#1{% + \pdffontattr#1{/ToUnicode \the\pdflastobj\space 0 R}% + }% +% +% \cmapOT1TT + \begingroup + \catcode`\^^M=\active \def^^M{^^J}% Output line endings as the ^^J char. + \catcode`\%=12 \immediate\pdfobj stream {%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-CMap +%%DocumentNeededResources: ProcSet (CIDInit) +%%IncludeResource: ProcSet (CIDInit) +%%BeginResource: CMap (TeX-OT1TT-0) +%%Title: (TeX-OT1TT-0 TeX OT1TT 0) +%%Version: 1.000 +%%EndComments +/CIDInit /ProcSet findresource begin +12 dict begin +begincmap +/CIDSystemInfo +<< /Registry (TeX) +/Ordering (OT1TT) +/Supplement 0 +>> def +/CMapName /TeX-OT1TT-0 def +/CMapType 2 def +1 begincodespacerange +<00> <7F> +endcodespacerange +5 beginbfrange +<00> <01> <0393> +<09> <0A> <03A8> +<21> <26> <0021> +<28> <5F> <0028> +<61> <7E> <0061> +endbfrange +32 beginbfchar +<02> <0398> +<03> <039B> +<04> <039E> +<05> <03A0> +<06> <03A3> +<07> <03D2> +<08> <03A6> +<0B> <2191> +<0C> <2193> +<0D> <0027> +<0E> <00A1> +<0F> <00BF> +<10> <0131> +<11> <0237> +<12> <0060> +<13> <00B4> +<14> <02C7> +<15> <02D8> +<16> <00AF> +<17> <02DA> +<18> <00B8> +<19> <00DF> +<1A> <00E6> +<1B> <0153> +<1C> <00F8> +<1D> <00C6> +<1E> <0152> +<1F> <00D8> +<20> <2423> +<27> <2019> +<60> <2018> +<7F> <00A8> +endbfchar +endcmap +CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop +end +end +%%EndResource +%%EOF + }\endgroup + \expandafter\edef\csname cmapOT1TT\endcsname#1{% + \pdffontattr#1{/ToUnicode \the\pdflastobj\space 0 R}% + }% +\fi\fi + + +% Set the font macro #1 to the font named \fontprefix#2. +% #3 is the font's design size, #4 is a scale factor, #5 is the CMap +% encoding (only OT1, OT1IT and OT1TT are allowed, or empty to omit). +% Example: +% #1 = \textrm +% #2 = \rmshape +% #3 = 10 +% #4 = \mainmagstep +% #5 = OT1 +% +\def\setfont#1#2#3#4#5{% + \font#1=\fontprefix#2#3 scaled #4 + \csname cmap#5\endcsname#1% +} +% This is what gets called when #5 of \setfont is empty. +\let\cmap\gobble +% +% (end of cmaps) + +% Use cm as the default font prefix. +% To specify the font prefix, you must define \fontprefix +% before you read in texinfo.tex. +\ifx\fontprefix\thisisundefined +\def\fontprefix{cm} +\fi +% Support font families that don't use the same naming scheme as CM. +\def\rmshape{r} +\def\rmbshape{bx} % where the normal face is bold +\def\bfshape{b} +\def\bxshape{bx} +\def\ttshape{tt} +\def\ttbshape{tt} +\def\ttslshape{sltt} +\def\itshape{ti} +\def\itbshape{bxti} +\def\slshape{sl} +\def\slbshape{bxsl} +\def\sfshape{ss} +\def\sfbshape{ss} +\def\scshape{csc} +\def\scbshape{csc} + +% Definitions for a main text size of 11pt. (The default in Texinfo.) +% +\def\definetextfontsizexi{% +% Text fonts (11.2pt, magstep1). +\def\textnominalsize{11pt} +\edef\mainmagstep{\magstephalf} +\setfont\textrm\rmshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\texttt\ttshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1TT} +\setfont\textbf\bfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\textit\itshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1IT} +\setfont\textsl\slshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\textsf\sfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\textsc\scshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\textttsl\ttslshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1TT} +\font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep +\font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep +\def\textecsize{1095} + +% A few fonts for @defun names and args. +\setfont\defbf\bfshape{10}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\setfont\deftt\ttshape{10}{\magstep1}{OT1TT} +\setfont\defttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep1}{OT1TT} +\def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \let\tenttsl=\defttsl \bf} + +% Fonts for indices, footnotes, small examples (9pt). +\def\smallnominalsize{9pt} +\setfont\smallrm\rmshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smalltt\ttshape{9}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\smallbf\bfshape{10}{900}{OT1} +\setfont\smallit\itshape{9}{1000}{OT1IT} +\setfont\smallsl\slshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallsf\sfshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallsc\scshape{10}{900}{OT1} +\setfont\smallttsl\ttslshape{10}{900}{OT1TT} +\font\smalli=cmmi9 +\font\smallsy=cmsy9 +\def\smallecsize{0900} + +% Fonts for small examples (8pt). +\def\smallernominalsize{8pt} +\setfont\smallerrm\rmshape{8}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallertt\ttshape{8}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\smallerbf\bfshape{10}{800}{OT1} +\setfont\smallerit\itshape{8}{1000}{OT1IT} +\setfont\smallersl\slshape{8}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallersf\sfshape{8}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallersc\scshape{10}{800}{OT1} +\setfont\smallerttsl\ttslshape{10}{800}{OT1TT} +\font\smalleri=cmmi8 +\font\smallersy=cmsy8 +\def\smallerecsize{0800} + +% Fonts for title page (20.4pt): +\def\titlenominalsize{20pt} +\setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3}{OT1} +\setfont\titleit\itbshape{10}{\magstep4}{OT1IT} +\setfont\titlesl\slbshape{10}{\magstep4}{OT1} +\setfont\titlett\ttbshape{12}{\magstep3}{OT1TT} +\setfont\titlettsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep4}{OT1TT} +\setfont\titlesf\sfbshape{17}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\let\titlebf=\titlerm +\setfont\titlesc\scbshape{10}{\magstep4}{OT1} +\font\titlei=cmmi12 scaled \magstep3 +\font\titlesy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep4 +\def\titleecsize{2074} + +% Chapter (and unnumbered) fonts (17.28pt). +\def\chapnominalsize{17pt} +\setfont\chaprm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep2}{OT1} +\setfont\chapit\itbshape{10}{\magstep3}{OT1IT} +\setfont\chapsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep3}{OT1} +\setfont\chaptt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep2}{OT1TT} +\setfont\chapttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep3}{OT1TT} +\setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{17}{1000}{OT1} +\let\chapbf=\chaprm +\setfont\chapsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep3}{OT1} +\font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep2 +\font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep3 +\def\chapecsize{1728} + +% Section fonts (14.4pt). +\def\secnominalsize{14pt} +\setfont\secrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\setfont\secit\itbshape{10}{\magstep2}{OT1IT} +\setfont\secsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep2}{OT1} +\setfont\sectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep1}{OT1TT} +\setfont\secttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep2}{OT1TT} +\setfont\secsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\let\secbf\secrm +\setfont\secsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep2}{OT1} +\font\seci=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1 +\font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2 +\def\sececsize{1440} + +% Subsection fonts (13.15pt). +\def\ssecnominalsize{13pt} +\setfont\ssecrm\rmbshape{12}{\magstephalf}{OT1} +\setfont\ssecit\itbshape{10}{1315}{OT1IT} +\setfont\ssecsl\slbshape{10}{1315}{OT1} +\setfont\ssectt\ttbshape{12}{\magstephalf}{OT1TT} +\setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{1315}{OT1TT} +\setfont\ssecsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstephalf}{OT1} +\let\ssecbf\ssecrm +\setfont\ssecsc\scbshape{10}{1315}{OT1} +\font\sseci=cmmi12 scaled \magstephalf +\font\ssecsy=cmsy10 scaled 1315 +\def\ssececsize{1200} + +% Reduced fonts for @acro in text (10pt). +\def\reducednominalsize{10pt} +\setfont\reducedrm\rmshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedtt\ttshape{10}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\reducedbf\bfshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedit\itshape{10}{1000}{OT1IT} +\setfont\reducedsl\slshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedsf\sfshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedsc\scshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedttsl\ttslshape{10}{1000}{OT1TT} +\font\reducedi=cmmi10 +\font\reducedsy=cmsy10 +\def\reducedecsize{1000} + +\textleading = 13.2pt % line spacing for 11pt CM +\textfonts % reset the current fonts +\rm +} % end of 11pt text font size definitions, \definetextfontsizexi + + +% Definitions to make the main text be 10pt Computer Modern, with +% section, chapter, etc., sizes following suit. This is for the GNU +% Press printing of the Emacs 22 manual. Maybe other manuals in the +% future. Used with @smallbook, which sets the leading to 12pt. +% +\def\definetextfontsizex{% +% Text fonts (10pt). +\def\textnominalsize{10pt} +\edef\mainmagstep{1000} +\setfont\textrm\rmshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\texttt\ttshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1TT} +\setfont\textbf\bfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\textit\itshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1IT} +\setfont\textsl\slshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\textsf\sfshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\textsc\scshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1} +\setfont\textttsl\ttslshape{10}{\mainmagstep}{OT1TT} +\font\texti=cmmi10 scaled \mainmagstep +\font\textsy=cmsy10 scaled \mainmagstep +\def\textecsize{1000} + +% A few fonts for @defun names and args. +\setfont\defbf\bfshape{10}{\magstephalf}{OT1} +\setfont\deftt\ttshape{10}{\magstephalf}{OT1TT} +\setfont\defttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstephalf}{OT1TT} +\def\df{\let\tentt=\deftt \let\tenbf = \defbf \let\tenttsl=\defttsl \bf} + +% Fonts for indices, footnotes, small examples (9pt). +\def\smallnominalsize{9pt} +\setfont\smallrm\rmshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smalltt\ttshape{9}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\smallbf\bfshape{10}{900}{OT1} +\setfont\smallit\itshape{9}{1000}{OT1IT} +\setfont\smallsl\slshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallsf\sfshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallsc\scshape{10}{900}{OT1} +\setfont\smallttsl\ttslshape{10}{900}{OT1TT} +\font\smalli=cmmi9 +\font\smallsy=cmsy9 +\def\smallecsize{0900} + +% Fonts for small examples (8pt). +\def\smallernominalsize{8pt} +\setfont\smallerrm\rmshape{8}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallertt\ttshape{8}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\smallerbf\bfshape{10}{800}{OT1} +\setfont\smallerit\itshape{8}{1000}{OT1IT} +\setfont\smallersl\slshape{8}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallersf\sfshape{8}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\smallersc\scshape{10}{800}{OT1} +\setfont\smallerttsl\ttslshape{10}{800}{OT1TT} +\font\smalleri=cmmi8 +\font\smallersy=cmsy8 +\def\smallerecsize{0800} + +% Fonts for title page (20.4pt): +\def\titlenominalsize{20pt} +\setfont\titlerm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep3}{OT1} +\setfont\titleit\itbshape{10}{\magstep4}{OT1IT} +\setfont\titlesl\slbshape{10}{\magstep4}{OT1} +\setfont\titlett\ttbshape{12}{\magstep3}{OT1TT} +\setfont\titlettsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep4}{OT1TT} +\setfont\titlesf\sfbshape{17}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\let\titlebf=\titlerm +\setfont\titlesc\scbshape{10}{\magstep4}{OT1} +\font\titlei=cmmi12 scaled \magstep3 +\font\titlesy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep4 +\def\titleecsize{2074} + +% Chapter fonts (14.4pt). +\def\chapnominalsize{14pt} +\setfont\chaprm\rmbshape{12}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\setfont\chapit\itbshape{10}{\magstep2}{OT1IT} +\setfont\chapsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep2}{OT1} +\setfont\chaptt\ttbshape{12}{\magstep1}{OT1TT} +\setfont\chapttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep2}{OT1TT} +\setfont\chapsf\sfbshape{12}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\let\chapbf\chaprm +\setfont\chapsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep2}{OT1} +\font\chapi=cmmi12 scaled \magstep1 +\font\chapsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep2 +\def\chapecsize{1440} + +% Section fonts (12pt). +\def\secnominalsize{12pt} +\setfont\secrm\rmbshape{12}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\secit\itbshape{10}{\magstep1}{OT1IT} +\setfont\secsl\slbshape{10}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\setfont\sectt\ttbshape{12}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\secttsl\ttslshape{10}{\magstep1}{OT1TT} +\setfont\secsf\sfbshape{12}{1000}{OT1} +\let\secbf\secrm +\setfont\secsc\scbshape{10}{\magstep1}{OT1} +\font\seci=cmmi12 +\font\secsy=cmsy10 scaled \magstep1 +\def\sececsize{1200} + +% Subsection fonts (10pt). +\def\ssecnominalsize{10pt} +\setfont\ssecrm\rmbshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\ssecit\itbshape{10}{1000}{OT1IT} +\setfont\ssecsl\slbshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\ssectt\ttbshape{10}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\ssecttsl\ttslshape{10}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\ssecsf\sfbshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\let\ssecbf\ssecrm +\setfont\ssecsc\scbshape{10}{1000}{OT1} +\font\sseci=cmmi10 +\font\ssecsy=cmsy10 +\def\ssececsize{1000} + +% Reduced fonts for @acro in text (9pt). +\def\reducednominalsize{9pt} +\setfont\reducedrm\rmshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedtt\ttshape{9}{1000}{OT1TT} +\setfont\reducedbf\bfshape{10}{900}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedit\itshape{9}{1000}{OT1IT} +\setfont\reducedsl\slshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedsf\sfshape{9}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedsc\scshape{10}{900}{OT1} +\setfont\reducedttsl\ttslshape{10}{900}{OT1TT} +\font\reducedi=cmmi9 +\font\reducedsy=cmsy9 +\def\reducedecsize{0900} + +\divide\parskip by 2 % reduce space between paragraphs +\textleading = 12pt % line spacing for 10pt CM +\textfonts % reset the current fonts +\rm +} % end of 10pt text font size definitions, \definetextfontsizex + + +% We provide the user-level command +% @fonttextsize 10 +% (or 11) to redefine the text font size. pt is assumed. +% +\def\xiword{11} +\def\xword{10} +\def\xwordpt{10pt} +% +\parseargdef\fonttextsize{% + \def\textsizearg{#1}% + %\wlog{doing @fonttextsize \textsizearg}% + % + % Set \globaldefs so that documents can use this inside @tex, since + % makeinfo 4.8 does not support it, but we need it nonetheless. + % + \begingroup \globaldefs=1 + \ifx\textsizearg\xword \definetextfontsizex + \else \ifx\textsizearg\xiword \definetextfontsizexi + \else + \errhelp=\EMsimple + \errmessage{@fonttextsize only supports `10' or `11', not `\textsizearg'} + \fi\fi + \endgroup +} + + +% In order for the font changes to affect most math symbols and letters, +% we have to define the \textfont of the standard families. Since +% texinfo doesn't allow for producing subscripts and superscripts except +% in the main text, we don't bother to reset \scriptfont and +% \scriptscriptfont (which would also require loading a lot more fonts). +% +\def\resetmathfonts{% + \textfont0=\tenrm \textfont1=\teni \textfont2=\tensy + \textfont\itfam=\tenit \textfont\slfam=\tensl \textfont\bffam=\tenbf + \textfont\ttfam=\tentt \textfont\sffam=\tensf +} + +% The font-changing commands redefine the meanings of \tenSTYLE, instead +% of just \STYLE. We do this because \STYLE needs to also set the +% current \fam for math mode. Our \STYLE (e.g., \rm) commands hardwire +% \tenSTYLE to set the current font. +% +% Each font-changing command also sets the names \lsize (one size lower) +% and \lllsize (three sizes lower). These relative commands are used in +% the LaTeX logo and acronyms. +% +% This all needs generalizing, badly. +% +\def\textfonts{% + \let\tenrm=\textrm \let\tenit=\textit \let\tensl=\textsl + \let\tenbf=\textbf \let\tentt=\texttt \let\smallcaps=\textsc + \let\tensf=\textsf \let\teni=\texti \let\tensy=\textsy + \let\tenttsl=\textttsl + \def\curfontsize{text}% + \def\lsize{reduced}\def\lllsize{smaller}% + \resetmathfonts \setleading{\textleading}} +\def\titlefonts{% + \let\tenrm=\titlerm \let\tenit=\titleit \let\tensl=\titlesl + \let\tenbf=\titlebf \let\tentt=\titlett \let\smallcaps=\titlesc + \let\tensf=\titlesf \let\teni=\titlei \let\tensy=\titlesy + \let\tenttsl=\titlettsl + \def\curfontsize{title}% + \def\lsize{chap}\def\lllsize{subsec}% + \resetmathfonts \setleading{27pt}} +\def\titlefont#1{{\titlefonts\rmisbold #1}} +\def\chapfonts{% + \let\tenrm=\chaprm \let\tenit=\chapit \let\tensl=\chapsl + \let\tenbf=\chapbf \let\tentt=\chaptt \let\smallcaps=\chapsc + \let\tensf=\chapsf \let\teni=\chapi \let\tensy=\chapsy + \let\tenttsl=\chapttsl + \def\curfontsize{chap}% + \def\lsize{sec}\def\lllsize{text}% + \resetmathfonts \setleading{19pt}} +\def\secfonts{% + \let\tenrm=\secrm \let\tenit=\secit \let\tensl=\secsl + \let\tenbf=\secbf \let\tentt=\sectt \let\smallcaps=\secsc + \let\tensf=\secsf \let\teni=\seci \let\tensy=\secsy + \let\tenttsl=\secttsl + \def\curfontsize{sec}% + \def\lsize{subsec}\def\lllsize{reduced}% + \resetmathfonts \setleading{16pt}} +\def\subsecfonts{% + \let\tenrm=\ssecrm \let\tenit=\ssecit \let\tensl=\ssecsl + \let\tenbf=\ssecbf \let\tentt=\ssectt \let\smallcaps=\ssecsc + \let\tensf=\ssecsf \let\teni=\sseci \let\tensy=\ssecsy + \let\tenttsl=\ssecttsl + \def\curfontsize{ssec}% + \def\lsize{text}\def\lllsize{small}% + \resetmathfonts \setleading{15pt}} +\let\subsubsecfonts = \subsecfonts +\def\reducedfonts{% + \let\tenrm=\reducedrm \let\tenit=\reducedit \let\tensl=\reducedsl + \let\tenbf=\reducedbf \let\tentt=\reducedtt \let\reducedcaps=\reducedsc + \let\tensf=\reducedsf \let\teni=\reducedi \let\tensy=\reducedsy + \let\tenttsl=\reducedttsl + \def\curfontsize{reduced}% + \def\lsize{small}\def\lllsize{smaller}% + \resetmathfonts \setleading{10.5pt}} +\def\smallfonts{% + \let\tenrm=\smallrm \let\tenit=\smallit \let\tensl=\smallsl + \let\tenbf=\smallbf \let\tentt=\smalltt \let\smallcaps=\smallsc + \let\tensf=\smallsf \let\teni=\smalli \let\tensy=\smallsy + \let\tenttsl=\smallttsl + \def\curfontsize{small}% + \def\lsize{smaller}\def\lllsize{smaller}% + \resetmathfonts \setleading{10.5pt}} +\def\smallerfonts{% + \let\tenrm=\smallerrm \let\tenit=\smallerit \let\tensl=\smallersl + \let\tenbf=\smallerbf \let\tentt=\smallertt \let\smallcaps=\smallersc + \let\tensf=\smallersf \let\teni=\smalleri \let\tensy=\smallersy + \let\tenttsl=\smallerttsl + \def\curfontsize{smaller}% + \def\lsize{smaller}\def\lllsize{smaller}% + \resetmathfonts \setleading{9.5pt}} + +% Fonts for short table of contents. +\setfont\shortcontrm\rmshape{12}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\shortcontbf\bfshape{10}{\magstep1}{OT1} % no cmb12 +\setfont\shortcontsl\slshape{12}{1000}{OT1} +\setfont\shortconttt\ttshape{12}{1000}{OT1TT} + +% Define these just so they can be easily changed for other fonts. +\def\angleleft{$\langle$} +\def\angleright{$\rangle$} + +% Set the fonts to use with the @small... environments. +\let\smallexamplefonts = \smallfonts + +% About \smallexamplefonts. If we use \smallfonts (9pt), @smallexample +% can fit this many characters: +% 8.5x11=86 smallbook=72 a4=90 a5=69 +% If we use \scriptfonts (8pt), then we can fit this many characters: +% 8.5x11=90+ smallbook=80 a4=90+ a5=77 +% For me, subjectively, the few extra characters that fit aren't worth +% the additional smallness of 8pt. So I'm making the default 9pt. +% +% By the way, for comparison, here's what fits with @example (10pt): +% 8.5x11=71 smallbook=60 a4=75 a5=58 +% --karl, 24jan03. + +% Set up the default fonts, so we can use them for creating boxes. +% +\definetextfontsizexi + + +\message{markup,} + +% Check if we are currently using a typewriter font. Since all the +% Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and +% shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all typewriter fonts to have +% this property, we can check that font parameter. +% +\def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt } + +% Markup style infrastructure. \defmarkupstylesetup\INITMACRO will +% define and register \INITMACRO to be called on markup style changes. +% \INITMACRO can check \currentmarkupstyle for the innermost +% style and the set of \ifmarkupSTYLE switches for all styles +% currently in effect. +\newif\ifmarkupvar +\newif\ifmarkupsamp +\newif\ifmarkupkey +%\newif\ifmarkupfile % @file == @samp. +%\newif\ifmarkupoption % @option == @samp. +\newif\ifmarkupcode +\newif\ifmarkupkbd +%\newif\ifmarkupenv % @env == @code. +%\newif\ifmarkupcommand % @command == @code. +\newif\ifmarkuptex % @tex (and part of @math, for now). +\newif\ifmarkupexample +\newif\ifmarkupverb +\newif\ifmarkupverbatim + +\let\currentmarkupstyle\empty + +\def\setupmarkupstyle#1{% + \csname markup#1true\endcsname + \def\currentmarkupstyle{#1}% + \markupstylesetup +} + +\let\markupstylesetup\empty + +\def\defmarkupstylesetup#1{% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\markupstylesetup + \expandafter{\markupstylesetup #1}% + \def#1% +} + +% Markup style setup for left and right quotes. +\defmarkupstylesetup\markupsetuplq{% + \expandafter\let\expandafter \temp + \csname markupsetuplq\currentmarkupstyle\endcsname + \ifx\temp\relax \markupsetuplqdefault \else \temp \fi +} + +\defmarkupstylesetup\markupsetuprq{% + \expandafter\let\expandafter \temp + \csname markupsetuprq\currentmarkupstyle\endcsname + \ifx\temp\relax \markupsetuprqdefault \else \temp \fi +} + +{ +\catcode`\'=\active +\catcode`\`=\active + +\gdef\markupsetuplqdefault{\let`\lq} +\gdef\markupsetuprqdefault{\let'\rq} + +\gdef\markupsetcodequoteleft{\let`\codequoteleft} +\gdef\markupsetcodequoteright{\let'\codequoteright} +} + +\let\markupsetuplqcode \markupsetcodequoteleft +\let\markupsetuprqcode \markupsetcodequoteright +% +\let\markupsetuplqexample \markupsetcodequoteleft +\let\markupsetuprqexample \markupsetcodequoteright +% +\let\markupsetuplqkbd \markupsetcodequoteleft +\let\markupsetuprqkbd \markupsetcodequoteright +% +\let\markupsetuplqsamp \markupsetcodequoteleft +\let\markupsetuprqsamp \markupsetcodequoteright +% +\let\markupsetuplqverb \markupsetcodequoteleft +\let\markupsetuprqverb \markupsetcodequoteright +% +\let\markupsetuplqverbatim \markupsetcodequoteleft +\let\markupsetuprqverbatim \markupsetcodequoteright + +% Allow an option to not use regular directed right quote/apostrophe +% (char 0x27), but instead the undirected quote from cmtt (char 0x0d). +% The undirected quote is ugly, so don't make it the default, but it +% works for pasting with more pdf viewers (at least evince), the +% lilypond developers report. xpdf does work with the regular 0x27. +% +\def\codequoteright{% + \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxicodequoteundirected\endcsname\relax + \expandafter\ifx\csname SETcodequoteundirected\endcsname\relax + '% + \else \char'15 \fi + \else \char'15 \fi +} +% +% and a similar option for the left quote char vs. a grave accent. +% Modern fonts display ASCII 0x60 as a grave accent, so some people like +% the code environments to do likewise. +% +\def\codequoteleft{% + \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxicodequotebacktick\endcsname\relax + \expandafter\ifx\csname SETcodequotebacktick\endcsname\relax + % [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391 + % \relax disables Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font. + \relax`% + \else \char'22 \fi + \else \char'22 \fi +} + +% Commands to set the quote options. +% +\parseargdef\codequoteundirected{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\onword + \expandafter\let\csname SETtxicodequoteundirected\endcsname + = t% + \else\ifx\temp\offword + \expandafter\let\csname SETtxicodequoteundirected\endcsname + = \relax + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @codequoteundirected value `\temp', must be on|off}% + \fi\fi +} +% +\parseargdef\codequotebacktick{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\onword + \expandafter\let\csname SETtxicodequotebacktick\endcsname + = t% + \else\ifx\temp\offword + \expandafter\let\csname SETtxicodequotebacktick\endcsname + = \relax + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @codequotebacktick value `\temp', must be on|off}% + \fi\fi +} + +% [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391, disable Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font. +\def\noligaturesquoteleft{\relax\lq} + +% Count depth in font-changes, for error checks +\newcount\fontdepth \fontdepth=0 + +% Font commands. + +% #1 is the font command (\sl or \it), #2 is the text to slant. +% If we are in a monospaced environment, however, 1) always use \ttsl, +% and 2) do not add an italic correction. +\def\dosmartslant#1#2{% + \ifusingtt + {{\ttsl #2}\let\next=\relax}% + {\def\next{{#1#2}\futurelet\next\smartitaliccorrection}}% + \next +} +\def\smartslanted{\dosmartslant\sl} +\def\smartitalic{\dosmartslant\it} + +% Output an italic correction unless \next (presumed to be the following +% character) is such as not to need one. +\def\smartitaliccorrection{% + \ifx\next,% + \else\ifx\next-% + \else\ifx\next.% + \else\ifx\next\.% + \else\ifx\next\comma% + \else\ptexslash + \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi + \aftersmartic +} + +% Unconditional use \ttsl, and no ic. @var is set to this for defuns. +\def\ttslanted#1{{\ttsl #1}} + +% @cite is like \smartslanted except unconditionally use \sl. We never want +% ttsl for book titles, do we? +\def\cite#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitaliccorrection} + +\def\aftersmartic{} +\def\var#1{% + \let\saveaftersmartic = \aftersmartic + \def\aftersmartic{\null\let\aftersmartic=\saveaftersmartic}% + \smartslanted{#1}% +} + +\let\i=\smartitalic +\let\slanted=\smartslanted +\let\dfn=\smartslanted +\let\emph=\smartitalic + +% Explicit font changes: @r, @sc, undocumented @ii. +\def\r#1{{\rm #1}} % roman font +\def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}} % smallcaps font +\def\ii#1{{\it #1}} % italic font + +% @b, explicit bold. Also @strong. +\def\b#1{{\bf #1}} +\let\strong=\b + +% @sansserif, explicit sans. +\def\sansserif#1{{\sf #1}} + +% We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at +% the end of a paragraph. Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the +% group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called. +% +\def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1 \aftergroup\restorehyphenation} +\def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- } + +% Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value. +% Can't use plain's \frenchspacing because it uses the `\x notation, and +% sometimes \x has an active definition that messes things up. +% +\catcode`@=11 + \def\plainfrenchspacing{% + \sfcode\dotChar =\@m \sfcode\questChar=\@m \sfcode\exclamChar=\@m + \sfcode\colonChar=\@m \sfcode\semiChar =\@m \sfcode\commaChar =\@m + \def\endofsentencespacefactor{1000}% for @. and friends + } + \def\plainnonfrenchspacing{% + \sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000 + \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250 + \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% for @. and friends + } +\catcode`@=\other +\def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% default + +% @t, explicit typewriter. +\def\t#1{% + {\tt \rawbackslash \plainfrenchspacing #1}% + \null +} + +% @samp. +\def\samp#1{{\setupmarkupstyle{samp}\lq\tclose{#1}\rq\null}} + +% @indicateurl is \samp, that is, with quotes. +\let\indicateurl=\samp + +% @code (and similar) prints in typewriter, but with spaces the same +% size as normal in the surrounding text, without hyphenation, etc. +% This is a subroutine for that. +\def\tclose#1{% + {% + % Change normal interword space to be same as for the current font. + \spaceskip = \fontdimen2\font + % + % Switch to typewriter. + \tt + % + % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space. + \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}% + % + % Turn off hyphenation. + \nohyphenation + % + \rawbackslash + \plainfrenchspacing + #1% + }% + \null % reset spacefactor to 1000 +} + +% We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in @code. +% (But see \codedashfinish below.) +% Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overfull hboxes +% in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc. +% +% Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control +% both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words. +% We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that) +% and arrange explicitly to hyphenate at a dash. -- rms. +{ + \catcode`\-=\active \catcode`\_=\active + \catcode`\'=\active \catcode`\`=\active + \global\let'=\rq \global\let`=\lq % default definitions + % + \global\def\code{\begingroup + \setupmarkupstyle{code}% + % The following should really be moved into \setupmarkupstyle handlers. + \catcode\dashChar=\active \catcode\underChar=\active + \ifallowcodebreaks + \let-\codedash + \let_\codeunder + \else + \let-\normaldash + \let_\realunder + \fi + % Given -foo (with a single dash), we do not want to allow a break + % after the hyphen. + \global\let\codedashprev=\codedash + % + \codex + } + % + \gdef\codedash{\futurelet\next\codedashfinish} + \gdef\codedashfinish{% + \normaldash % always output the dash character itself. + % + % Now, output a discretionary to allow a line break, unless + % (a) the next character is a -, or + % (b) the preceding character is a -. + % E.g., given --posix, we do not want to allow a break after either -. + % Given --foo-bar, we do want to allow a break between the - and the b. + \ifx\next\codedash \else + \ifx\codedashprev\codedash + \else \discretionary{}{}{}\fi + \fi + % we need the space after the = for the case when \next itself is a + % space token; it would get swallowed otherwise. As in @code{- a}. + \global\let\codedashprev= \next + } +} +\def\normaldash{-} +% +\def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup} + +\def\codeunder{% + % this is all so @math{@code{var_name}+1} can work. In math mode, _ + % is "active" (mathcode"8000) and \normalunderscore (or \char95, etc.) + % will therefore expand the active definition of _, which is us + % (inside @code that is), therefore an endless loop. + \ifusingtt{\ifmmode + \mathchar"075F % class 0=ordinary, family 7=ttfam, pos 0x5F=_. + \else\normalunderscore \fi + \discretionary{}{}{}}% + {\_}% +} + +% An additional complication: the above will allow breaks after, e.g., +% each of the four underscores in __typeof__. This is bad. +% @allowcodebreaks provides a document-level way to turn breaking at - +% and _ on and off. +% +\newif\ifallowcodebreaks \allowcodebreakstrue + +\def\keywordtrue{true} +\def\keywordfalse{false} + +\parseargdef\allowcodebreaks{% + \def\txiarg{#1}% + \ifx\txiarg\keywordtrue + \allowcodebreakstrue + \else\ifx\txiarg\keywordfalse + \allowcodebreaksfalse + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @allowcodebreaks option `\txiarg', must be true|false}% + \fi\fi +} + +% For @command, @env, @file, @option quotes seem unnecessary, +% so use \code rather than \samp. +\let\command=\code +\let\env=\code +\let\file=\code +\let\option=\code + +% @uref (abbreviation for `urlref') takes an optional (comma-separated) +% second argument specifying the text to display and an optional third +% arg as text to display instead of (rather than in addition to) the url +% itself. First (mandatory) arg is the url. +% (This \urefnobreak definition isn't used now, leaving it for a while +% for comparison.) +\def\urefnobreak#1{\dourefnobreak #1,,,\finish} +\def\dourefnobreak#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{\begingroup + \unsepspaces + \pdfurl{#1}% + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}% + \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt + \unhbox0 % third arg given, show only that + \else + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}% + \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt + \ifpdf + \unhbox0 % PDF: 2nd arg given, show only it + \else + \unhbox0\ (\code{#1})% DVI: 2nd arg given, show both it and url + \fi + \else + \code{#1}% only url given, so show it + \fi + \fi + \endlink +\endgroup} + +% This \urefbreak definition is the active one. +\def\urefbreak{\begingroup \urefcatcodes \dourefbreak} +\let\uref=\urefbreak +\def\dourefbreak#1{\urefbreakfinish #1,,,\finish} +\def\urefbreakfinish#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{% doesn't work in @example + \unsepspaces + \pdfurl{#1}% + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}% + \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt + \unhbox0 % third arg given, show only that + \else + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}% + \ifdim\wd0 > 0pt + \ifpdf + \unhbox0 % PDF: 2nd arg given, show only it + \else + \unhbox0\ (\urefcode{#1})% DVI: 2nd arg given, show both it and url + \fi + \else + \urefcode{#1}% only url given, so show it + \fi + \fi + \endlink +\endgroup} + +% Allow line breaks around only a few characters (only). +\def\urefcatcodes{% + \catcode\ampChar=\active \catcode\dotChar=\active + \catcode\hashChar=\active \catcode\questChar=\active + \catcode\slashChar=\active +} +{ + \urefcatcodes + % + \global\def\urefcode{\begingroup + \setupmarkupstyle{code}% + \urefcatcodes + \let&\urefcodeamp + \let.\urefcodedot + \let#\urefcodehash + \let?\urefcodequest + \let/\urefcodeslash + \codex + } + % + % By default, they are just regular characters. + \global\def&{\normalamp} + \global\def.{\normaldot} + \global\def#{\normalhash} + \global\def?{\normalquest} + \global\def/{\normalslash} +} + +% we put a little stretch before and after the breakable chars, to help +% line breaking of long url's. The unequal skips make look better in +% cmtt at least, especially for dots. +\def\urefprestretch{\urefprebreak \hskip0pt plus.13em } +\def\urefpoststretch{\urefpostbreak \hskip0pt plus.1em } +% +\def\urefcodeamp{\urefprestretch \&\urefpoststretch} +\def\urefcodedot{\urefprestretch .\urefpoststretch} +\def\urefcodehash{\urefprestretch \#\urefpoststretch} +\def\urefcodequest{\urefprestretch ?\urefpoststretch} +\def\urefcodeslash{\futurelet\next\urefcodeslashfinish} +{ + \catcode`\/=\active + \global\def\urefcodeslashfinish{% + \urefprestretch \slashChar + % Allow line break only after the final / in a sequence of + % slashes, to avoid line break between the slashes in http://. + \ifx\next/\else \urefpoststretch \fi + } +} + +% One more complication: by default we'll break after the special +% characters, but some people like to break before the special chars, so +% allow that. Also allow no breaking at all, for manual control. +% +\parseargdef\urefbreakstyle{% + \def\txiarg{#1}% + \ifx\txiarg\wordnone + \def\urefprebreak{\nobreak}\def\urefpostbreak{\nobreak} + \else\ifx\txiarg\wordbefore + \def\urefprebreak{\allowbreak}\def\urefpostbreak{\nobreak} + \else\ifx\txiarg\wordafter + \def\urefprebreak{\nobreak}\def\urefpostbreak{\allowbreak} + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @urefbreakstyle setting `\txiarg'}% + \fi\fi\fi +} +\def\wordafter{after} +\def\wordbefore{before} +\def\wordnone{none} + +\urefbreakstyle after + +% @url synonym for @uref, since that's how everyone uses it. +% +\let\url=\uref + +% rms does not like angle brackets --karl, 17may97. +% So now @email is just like @uref, unless we are pdf. +% +%\def\email#1{\angleleft{\tt #1}\angleright} +\ifpdf + \def\email#1{\doemail#1,,\finish} + \def\doemail#1,#2,#3\finish{\begingroup + \unsepspaces + \pdfurl{mailto:#1}% + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}% + \ifdim\wd0>0pt\unhbox0\else\code{#1}\fi + \endlink + \endgroup} +\else + \let\email=\uref +\fi + +% @kbdinputstyle -- arg is `distinct' (@kbd uses slanted tty font always), +% `example' (@kbd uses ttsl only inside of @example and friends), +% or `code' (@kbd uses normal tty font always). +\parseargdef\kbdinputstyle{% + \def\txiarg{#1}% + \ifx\txiarg\worddistinct + \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\ttsl}% + \else\ifx\txiarg\wordexample + \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\ttsl}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}% + \else\ifx\txiarg\wordcode + \gdef\kbdexamplefont{\tt}\gdef\kbdfont{\tt}% + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @kbdinputstyle setting `\txiarg'}% + \fi\fi\fi +} +\def\worddistinct{distinct} +\def\wordexample{example} +\def\wordcode{code} + +% Default is `distinct'. +\kbdinputstyle distinct + +% @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command, +% then @kbd has no effect. +\def\kbd#1{{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdsub\look??\par}} + +\def\xkey{\key} +\def\kbdsub#1#2#3\par{% + \def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}% + \ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}% + \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\setupmarkupstyle{kbd}\look}}\fi + \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\setupmarkupstyle{kbd}\look}}\fi +} + +% definition of @key that produces a lozenge. Doesn't adjust to text size. +%\setfont\keyrm\rmshape{8}{1000}{OT1} +%\font\keysy=cmsy9 +%\def\key#1{{\keyrm\textfont2=\keysy \leavevmode\hbox{% +% \raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleleft}\kern-.08em\vtop{% +% \vbox{\hrule\kern-0.4pt +% \hbox{\raise0.4pt\hbox{\vphantom{\angleleft}}#1}}% +% \kern-0.4pt\hrule}% +% \kern-.06em\raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleright}}}} + +% definition of @key with no lozenge. If the current font is already +% monospace, don't change it; that way, we respect @kbdinputstyle. But +% if it isn't monospace, then use \tt. +% +\def\key#1{{\setupmarkupstyle{key}% + \nohyphenation + \ifmonospace\else\tt\fi + #1}\null} + +% @clicksequence{File @click{} Open ...} +\def\clicksequence#1{\begingroup #1\endgroup} + +% @clickstyle @arrow (by default) +\parseargdef\clickstyle{\def\click{#1}} +\def\click{\arrow} + +% Typeset a dimension, e.g., `in' or `pt'. The only reason for the +% argument is to make the input look right: @dmn{pt} instead of @dmn{}pt. +% +\def\dmn#1{\thinspace #1} + +% @l was never documented to mean ``switch to the Lisp font'', +% and it is not used as such in any manual I can find. We need it for +% Polish suppressed-l. --karl, 22sep96. +%\def\l#1{{\li #1}\null} + +% @acronym for "FBI", "NATO", and the like. +% We print this one point size smaller, since it's intended for +% all-uppercase. +% +\def\acronym#1{\doacronym #1,,\finish} +\def\doacronym#1,#2,#3\finish{% + {\selectfonts\lsize #1}% + \def\temp{#2}% + \ifx\temp\empty \else + \space ({\unsepspaces \ignorespaces \temp \unskip})% + \fi + \null % reset \spacefactor=1000 +} + +% @abbr for "Comput. J." and the like. +% No font change, but don't do end-of-sentence spacing. +% +\def\abbr#1{\doabbr #1,,\finish} +\def\doabbr#1,#2,#3\finish{% + {\plainfrenchspacing #1}% + \def\temp{#2}% + \ifx\temp\empty \else + \space ({\unsepspaces \ignorespaces \temp \unskip})% + \fi + \null % reset \spacefactor=1000 +} + +% @asis just yields its argument. Used with @table, for example. +% +\def\asis#1{#1} + +% @math outputs its argument in math mode. +% +% One complication: _ usually means subscripts, but it could also mean +% an actual _ character, as in @math{@var{some_variable} + 1}. So make +% _ active, and distinguish by seeing if the current family is \slfam, +% which is what @var uses. +{ + \catcode`\_ = \active + \gdef\mathunderscore{% + \catcode`\_=\active + \def_{\ifnum\fam=\slfam \_\else\sb\fi}% + } +} +% Another complication: we want \\ (and @\) to output a math (or tt) \. +% FYI, plain.tex uses \\ as a temporary control sequence (for no +% particular reason), but this is not advertised and we don't care. +% +% The \mathchar is class=0=ordinary, family=7=ttfam, position=5C=\. +\def\mathbackslash{\ifnum\fam=\ttfam \mathchar"075C \else\backslash \fi} +% +\def\math{% + \tex + \mathunderscore + \let\\ = \mathbackslash + \mathactive + % make the texinfo accent commands work in math mode + \let\"=\ddot + \let\'=\acute + \let\==\bar + \let\^=\hat + \let\`=\grave + \let\u=\breve + \let\v=\check + \let\~=\tilde + \let\dotaccent=\dot + $\finishmath +} +\def\finishmath#1{#1$\endgroup} % Close the group opened by \tex. + +% Some active characters (such as <) are spaced differently in math. +% We have to reset their definitions in case the @math was an argument +% to a command which sets the catcodes (such as @item or @section). +% +{ + \catcode`^ = \active + \catcode`< = \active + \catcode`> = \active + \catcode`+ = \active + \catcode`' = \active + \gdef\mathactive{% + \let^ = \ptexhat + \let< = \ptexless + \let> = \ptexgtr + \let+ = \ptexplus + \let' = \ptexquoteright + } +} + +% ctrl is no longer a Texinfo command, but leave this definition for fun. +\def\ctrl #1{{\tt \rawbackslash \hat}#1} + +% @inlinefmt{FMTNAME,PROCESSED-TEXT} and @inlineraw{FMTNAME,RAW-TEXT}. +% Ignore unless FMTNAME == tex; then it is like @iftex and @tex, +% except specified as a normal braced arg, so no newlines to worry about. +% +\def\outfmtnametex{tex} +% +\long\def\inlinefmt#1{\doinlinefmt #1,\finish} +\long\def\doinlinefmt#1,#2,\finish{% + \def\inlinefmtname{#1}% + \ifx\inlinefmtname\outfmtnametex \ignorespaces #2\fi +} +% +% @inlinefmtifelse{FMTNAME,THEN-TEXT,ELSE-TEXT} expands THEN-TEXT if +% FMTNAME is tex, else ELSE-TEXT. +\long\def\inlinefmtifelse#1{\doinlinefmtifelse #1,,,\finish} +\long\def\doinlinefmtifelse#1,#2,#3,#4,\finish{% + \def\inlinefmtname{#1}% + \ifx\inlinefmtname\outfmtnametex \ignorespaces #2\else \ignorespaces #3\fi +} +% +% For raw, must switch into @tex before parsing the argument, to avoid +% setting catcodes prematurely. Doing it this way means that, for +% example, @inlineraw{html, foo{bar} gets a parse error instead of being +% ignored. But this isn't important because if people want a literal +% *right* brace they would have to use a command anyway, so they may as +% well use a command to get a left brace too. We could re-use the +% delimiter character idea from \verb, but it seems like overkill. +% +\long\def\inlineraw{\tex \doinlineraw} +\long\def\doinlineraw#1{\doinlinerawtwo #1,\finish} +\def\doinlinerawtwo#1,#2,\finish{% + \def\inlinerawname{#1}% + \ifx\inlinerawname\outfmtnametex \ignorespaces #2\fi + \endgroup % close group opened by \tex. +} + +% @inlineifset{VAR, TEXT} expands TEXT if VAR is @set. +% +\long\def\inlineifset#1{\doinlineifset #1,\finish} +\long\def\doinlineifset#1,#2,\finish{% + \def\inlinevarname{#1}% + \expandafter\ifx\csname SET\inlinevarname\endcsname\relax + \else\ignorespaces#2\fi +} + +% @inlineifclear{VAR, TEXT} expands TEXT if VAR is not @set. +% +\long\def\inlineifclear#1{\doinlineifclear #1,\finish} +\long\def\doinlineifclear#1,#2,\finish{% + \def\inlinevarname{#1}% + \expandafter\ifx\csname SET\inlinevarname\endcsname\relax \ignorespaces#2\fi +} + + +\message{glyphs,} +% and logos. + +% @@ prints an @, as does @atchar{}. +\def\@{\char64 } +\let\atchar=\@ + +% @{ @} @lbracechar{} @rbracechar{} all generate brace characters. +% Unless we're in typewriter, use \ecfont because the CM text fonts do +% not have braces, and we don't want to switch into math. +\def\mylbrace{{\ifmonospace\else\ecfont\fi \char123}} +\def\myrbrace{{\ifmonospace\else\ecfont\fi \char125}} +\let\{=\mylbrace \let\lbracechar=\{ +\let\}=\myrbrace \let\rbracechar=\} +\begingroup + % Definitions to produce \{ and \} commands for indices, + % and @{ and @} for the aux/toc files. + \catcode`\{ = \other \catcode`\} = \other + \catcode`\[ = 1 \catcode`\] = 2 + \catcode`\! = 0 \catcode`\\ = \other + !gdef!lbracecmd[\{]% + !gdef!rbracecmd[\}]% + !gdef!lbraceatcmd[@{]% + !gdef!rbraceatcmd[@}]% +!endgroup + +% @comma{} to avoid , parsing problems. +\let\comma = , + +% Accents: @, @dotaccent @ringaccent @ubaraccent @udotaccent +% Others are defined by plain TeX: @` @' @" @^ @~ @= @u @v @H. +\let\, = \ptexc +\let\dotaccent = \ptexdot +\def\ringaccent#1{{\accent23 #1}} +\let\tieaccent = \ptext +\let\ubaraccent = \ptexb +\let\udotaccent = \d + +% Other special characters: @questiondown @exclamdown @ordf @ordm +% Plain TeX defines: @AA @AE @O @OE @L (plus lowercase versions) @ss. +\def\questiondown{?`} +\def\exclamdown{!`} +\def\ordf{\leavevmode\raise1ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize \underbar{a}}} +\def\ordm{\leavevmode\raise1ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize \underbar{o}}} + +% Dotless i and dotless j, used for accents. +\def\imacro{i} +\def\jmacro{j} +\def\dotless#1{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\imacro \ifmmode\imath \else\ptexi \fi + \else\ifx\temp\jmacro \ifmmode\jmath \else\j \fi + \else \errmessage{@dotless can be used only with i or j}% + \fi\fi +} + +% The \TeX{} logo, as in plain, but resetting the spacing so that a +% period following counts as ending a sentence. (Idea found in latex.) +% +\edef\TeX{\TeX \spacefactor=1000 } + +% @LaTeX{} logo. Not quite the same results as the definition in +% latex.ltx, since we use a different font for the raised A; it's most +% convenient for us to use an explicitly smaller font, rather than using +% the \scriptstyle font (since we don't reset \scriptstyle and +% \scriptscriptstyle). +% +\def\LaTeX{% + L\kern-.36em + {\setbox0=\hbox{T}% + \vbox to \ht0{\hbox{% + \ifx\textnominalsize\xwordpt + % for 10pt running text, \lllsize (8pt) is too small for the A in LaTeX. + % Revert to plain's \scriptsize, which is 7pt. + \count255=\the\fam $\fam\count255 \scriptstyle A$% + \else + % For 11pt, we can use our lllsize. + \selectfonts\lllsize A% + \fi + }% + \vss + }}% + \kern-.15em + \TeX +} + +% Some math mode symbols. +\def\bullet{$\ptexbullet$} +\def\geq{\ifmmode \ge\else $\ge$\fi} +\def\leq{\ifmmode \le\else $\le$\fi} +\def\minus{\ifmmode -\else $-$\fi} + +% @dots{} outputs an ellipsis using the current font. +% We do .5em per period so that it has the same spacing in the cm +% typewriter fonts as three actual period characters; on the other hand, +% in other typewriter fonts three periods are wider than 1.5em. So do +% whichever is larger. +% +\def\dots{% + \leavevmode + \setbox0=\hbox{...}% get width of three periods + \ifdim\wd0 > 1.5em + \dimen0 = \wd0 + \else + \dimen0 = 1.5em + \fi + \hbox to \dimen0{% + \hskip 0pt plus.25fil + .\hskip 0pt plus1fil + .\hskip 0pt plus1fil + .\hskip 0pt plus.5fil + }% +} + +% @enddots{} is an end-of-sentence ellipsis. +% +\def\enddots{% + \dots + \spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor +} + +% @point{}, @result{}, @expansion{}, @print{}, @equiv{}. +% +% Since these characters are used in examples, they should be an even number of +% \tt widths. Each \tt character is 1en, so two makes it 1em. +% +\def\point{$\star$} +\def\arrow{\leavevmode\raise.05ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\rightarrow$\hfil}} +\def\result{\leavevmode\raise.05ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\Rightarrow$\hfil}} +\def\expansion{\leavevmode\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\mapsto$\hfil}} +\def\print{\leavevmode\lower.1ex\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\dashv$\hfil}} +\def\equiv{\leavevmode\hbox to 1em{\hfil$\ptexequiv$\hfil}} + +% The @error{} command. +% Adapted from the TeXbook's \boxit. +% +\newbox\errorbox +% +{\tentt \global\dimen0 = 3em}% Width of the box. +\dimen2 = .55pt % Thickness of rules +% The text. (`r' is open on the right, `e' somewhat less so on the left.) +\setbox0 = \hbox{\kern-.75pt \reducedsf \putworderror\kern-1.5pt} +% +\setbox\errorbox=\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil + \hsize = \dimen0 \advance\hsize by -5.8pt % Space to left+right. + \advance\hsize by -2\dimen2 % Rules. + \vbox{% + \hrule height\dimen2 + \hbox{\vrule width\dimen2 \kern3pt % Space to left of text. + \vtop{\kern2.4pt \box0 \kern2.4pt}% Space above/below. + \kern3pt\vrule width\dimen2}% Space to right. + \hrule height\dimen2} + \hfil} +% +\def\error{\leavevmode\lower.7ex\copy\errorbox} + +% @pounds{} is a sterling sign, which Knuth put in the CM italic font. +% +\def\pounds{{\it\$}} + +% @euro{} comes from a separate font, depending on the current style. +% We use the free feym* fonts from the eurosym package by Henrik +% Theiling, which support regular, slanted, bold and bold slanted (and +% "outlined" (blackboard board, sort of) versions, which we don't need). +% It is available from https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/eurosym. +% +% Although only regular is the truly official Euro symbol, we ignore +% that. The Euro is designed to be slightly taller than the regular +% font height. +% +% feymr - regular +% feymo - slanted +% feybr - bold +% feybo - bold slanted +% +% There is no good (free) typewriter version, to my knowledge. +% A feymr10 euro is ~7.3pt wide, while a normal cmtt10 char is ~5.25pt wide. +% Hmm. +% +% Also doesn't work in math. Do we need to do math with euro symbols? +% Hope not. +% +% +\def\euro{{\eurofont e}} +\def\eurofont{% + % We set the font at each command, rather than predefining it in + % \textfonts and the other font-switching commands, so that + % installations which never need the symbol don't have to have the + % font installed. + % + % There is only one designed size (nominal 10pt), so we always scale + % that to the current nominal size. + % + % By the way, simply using "at 1em" works for cmr10 and the like, but + % does not work for cmbx10 and other extended/shrunken fonts. + % + \def\eurosize{\csname\curfontsize nominalsize\endcsname}% + % + \ifx\curfontstyle\bfstylename + % bold: + \font\thiseurofont = \ifusingit{feybo10}{feybr10} at \eurosize + \else + % regular: + \font\thiseurofont = \ifusingit{feymo10}{feymr10} at \eurosize + \fi + \thiseurofont +} + +% Glyphs from the EC fonts. We don't use \let for the aliases, because +% sometimes we redefine the original macro, and the alias should reflect +% the redefinition. +% +% Use LaTeX names for the Icelandic letters. +\def\DH{{\ecfont \char"D0}} % Eth +\def\dh{{\ecfont \char"F0}} % eth +\def\TH{{\ecfont \char"DE}} % Thorn +\def\th{{\ecfont \char"FE}} % thorn +% +\def\guillemetleft{{\ecfont \char"13}} +\def\guillemotleft{\guillemetleft} +\def\guillemetright{{\ecfont \char"14}} +\def\guillemotright{\guillemetright} +\def\guilsinglleft{{\ecfont \char"0E}} +\def\guilsinglright{{\ecfont \char"0F}} +\def\quotedblbase{{\ecfont \char"12}} +\def\quotesinglbase{{\ecfont \char"0D}} +% +% This positioning is not perfect (see the ogonek LaTeX package), but +% we have the precomposed glyphs for the most common cases. We put the +% tests to use those glyphs in the single \ogonek macro so we have fewer +% dummy definitions to worry about for index entries, etc. +% +% ogonek is also used with other letters in Lithuanian (IOU), but using +% the precomposed glyphs for those is not so easy since they aren't in +% the same EC font. +\def\ogonek#1{{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\macrocharA\Aogonek + \else\ifx\temp\macrochara\aogonek + \else\ifx\temp\macrocharE\Eogonek + \else\ifx\temp\macrochare\eogonek + \else + \ecfont \setbox0=\hbox{#1}% + \ifdim\ht0=1ex\accent"0C #1% + \else\ooalign{\unhbox0\crcr\hidewidth\char"0C \hidewidth}% + \fi + \fi\fi\fi\fi + }% +} +\def\Aogonek{{\ecfont \char"81}}\def\macrocharA{A} +\def\aogonek{{\ecfont \char"A1}}\def\macrochara{a} +\def\Eogonek{{\ecfont \char"86}}\def\macrocharE{E} +\def\eogonek{{\ecfont \char"A6}}\def\macrochare{e} +% +% Use the ec* fonts (cm-super in outline format) for non-CM glyphs. +\def\ecfont{% + % We can't distinguish serif/sans and italic/slanted, but this + % is used for crude hacks anyway (like adding French and German + % quotes to documents typeset with CM, where we lose kerning), so + % hopefully nobody will notice/care. + \edef\ecsize{\csname\curfontsize ecsize\endcsname}% + \edef\nominalsize{\csname\curfontsize nominalsize\endcsname}% + \ifmonospace + % typewriter: + \font\thisecfont = ectt\ecsize \space at \nominalsize + \else + \ifx\curfontstyle\bfstylename + % bold: + \font\thisecfont = ecb\ifusingit{i}{x}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize + \else + % regular: + \font\thisecfont = ec\ifusingit{ti}{rm}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize + \fi + \fi + \thisecfont +} + +% @registeredsymbol - R in a circle. The font for the R should really +% be smaller yet, but lllsize is the best we can do for now. +% Adapted from the plain.tex definition of \copyright. +% +\def\registeredsymbol{% + $^{{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex\hbox{\selectfonts\lllsize R}% + \hfil\crcr\Orb}}% + }$% +} + +% @textdegree - the normal degrees sign. +% +\def\textdegree{$^\circ$} + +% Laurent Siebenmann reports \Orb undefined with: +% Textures 1.7.7 (preloaded format=plain 93.10.14) (68K) 16 APR 2004 02:38 +% so we'll define it if necessary. +% +\ifx\Orb\thisisundefined +\def\Orb{\mathhexbox20D} +\fi + +% Quotes. +\chardef\quotedblleft="5C +\chardef\quotedblright=`\" +\chardef\quoteleft=`\` +\chardef\quoteright=`\' + + +\message{page headings,} + +\newskip\titlepagetopglue \titlepagetopglue = 1.5in +\newskip\titlepagebottomglue \titlepagebottomglue = 2pc + +% First the title page. Must do @settitle before @titlepage. +\newif\ifseenauthor +\newif\iffinishedtitlepage + +% Do an implicit @contents or @shortcontents after @end titlepage if the +% user says @setcontentsaftertitlepage or @setshortcontentsaftertitlepage. +% +\newif\ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage + \let\setcontentsaftertitlepage = \setcontentsaftertitlepagetrue +\newif\ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage + \let\setshortcontentsaftertitlepage = \setshortcontentsaftertitlepagetrue + +\parseargdef\shorttitlepage{% + \begingroup \hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}% + \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page} + +\envdef\titlepage{% + % Open one extra group, as we want to close it in the middle of \Etitlepage. + \begingroup + \parindent=0pt \textfonts + % Leave some space at the very top of the page. + \vglue\titlepagetopglue + % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title. + \finishedtitlepagetrue + % + % Most title ``pages'' are actually two pages long, with space + % at the top of the second. We don't want the ragged left on the second. + \let\oldpage = \page + \def\page{% + \iffinishedtitlepage\else + \finishtitlepage + \fi + \let\page = \oldpage + \page + \null + }% +} + +\def\Etitlepage{% + \iffinishedtitlepage\else + \finishtitlepage + \fi + % It is important to do the page break before ending the group, + % because the headline and footline are only empty inside the group. + % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page + % after the title page, which we certainly don't want. + \oldpage + \endgroup + % + % Need this before the \...aftertitlepage checks so that if they are + % in effect the toc pages will come out with page numbers. + \HEADINGSon + % + % If they want short, they certainly want long too. + \ifsetshortcontentsaftertitlepage + \shortcontents + \contents + \global\let\shortcontents = \relax + \global\let\contents = \relax + \fi + % + \ifsetcontentsaftertitlepage + \contents + \global\let\contents = \relax + \global\let\shortcontents = \relax + \fi +} + +\def\finishtitlepage{% + \vskip4pt \hrule height 2pt width \hsize + \vskip\titlepagebottomglue + \finishedtitlepagetrue +} + +% Settings used for typesetting titles: no hyphenation, no indentation, +% don't worry much about spacing, ragged right. This should be used +% inside a \vbox, and fonts need to be set appropriately first. Because +% it is always used for titles, nothing else, we call \rmisbold. \par +% should be specified before the end of the \vbox, since a vbox is a group. +% +\def\raggedtitlesettings{% + \rmisbold + \hyphenpenalty=10000 + \parindent=0pt + \tolerance=5000 + \ptexraggedright +} + +% Macros to be used within @titlepage: + +\let\subtitlerm=\tenrm +\def\subtitlefont{\subtitlerm \normalbaselineskip = 13pt \normalbaselines} + +\parseargdef\title{% + \checkenv\titlepage + \vbox{\titlefonts \raggedtitlesettings #1\par}% + % print a rule at the page bottom also. + \finishedtitlepagefalse + \vskip4pt \hrule height 4pt width \hsize \vskip4pt +} + +\parseargdef\subtitle{% + \checkenv\titlepage + {\subtitlefont \rightline{#1}}% +} + +% @author should come last, but may come many times. +% It can also be used inside @quotation. +% +\parseargdef\author{% + \def\temp{\quotation}% + \ifx\thisenv\temp + \def\quotationauthor{#1}% printed in \Equotation. + \else + \checkenv\titlepage + \ifseenauthor\else \vskip 0pt plus 1filll \seenauthortrue \fi + {\secfonts\rmisbold \leftline{#1}}% + \fi +} + + +% Set up page headings and footings. + +\let\thispage=\folio + +\newtoks\evenheadline % headline on even pages +\newtoks\oddheadline % headline on odd pages +\newtoks\evenfootline % footline on even pages +\newtoks\oddfootline % footline on odd pages + +% Now make TeX use those variables +\headline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddheadline + \else \the\evenheadline \fi}} +\footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline + \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook} +\let\HEADINGShook=\relax + +% Commands to set those variables. +% For example, this is what @headings on does +% @evenheading @thistitle|@thispage|@thischapter +% @oddheading @thischapter|@thispage|@thistitle +% @evenfooting @thisfile|| +% @oddfooting ||@thisfile + + +\def\evenheading{\parsearg\evenheadingxxx} +\def\evenheadingxxx #1{\evenheadingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish} +\def\evenheadingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{% +\global\evenheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} + +\def\oddheading{\parsearg\oddheadingxxx} +\def\oddheadingxxx #1{\oddheadingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish} +\def\oddheadingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{% +\global\oddheadline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} + +\parseargdef\everyheading{\oddheadingxxx{#1}\evenheadingxxx{#1}}% + +\def\evenfooting{\parsearg\evenfootingxxx} +\def\evenfootingxxx #1{\evenfootingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish} +\def\evenfootingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{% +\global\evenfootline={\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}} + +\def\oddfooting{\parsearg\oddfootingxxx} +\def\oddfootingxxx #1{\oddfootingyyy #1\|\|\|\|\finish} +\def\oddfootingyyy #1\|#2\|#3\|#4\finish{% + \global\oddfootline = {\rlap{\centerline{#2}}\line{#1\hfil#3}}% + % + % Leave some space for the footline. Hopefully ok to assume + % @evenfooting will not be used by itself. + \global\advance\pageheight by -12pt + \global\advance\vsize by -12pt +} + +\parseargdef\everyfooting{\oddfootingxxx{#1}\evenfootingxxx{#1}} + +% @evenheadingmarks top \thischapter <- chapter at the top of a page +% @evenheadingmarks bottom \thischapter <- chapter at the bottom of a page +% +% The same set of arguments for: +% +% @oddheadingmarks +% @evenfootingmarks +% @oddfootingmarks +% @everyheadingmarks +% @everyfootingmarks + +\def\evenheadingmarks{\headingmarks{even}{heading}} +\def\oddheadingmarks{\headingmarks{odd}{heading}} +\def\evenfootingmarks{\headingmarks{even}{footing}} +\def\oddfootingmarks{\headingmarks{odd}{footing}} +\def\everyheadingmarks#1 {\headingmarks{even}{heading}{#1} + \headingmarks{odd}{heading}{#1} } +\def\everyfootingmarks#1 {\headingmarks{even}{footing}{#1} + \headingmarks{odd}{footing}{#1} } +% #1 = even/odd, #2 = heading/footing, #3 = top/bottom. +\def\headingmarks#1#2#3 {% + \expandafter\let\expandafter\temp \csname get#3headingmarks\endcsname + \global\expandafter\let\csname get#1#2marks\endcsname \temp +} + +\everyheadingmarks bottom +\everyfootingmarks bottom + +% @headings double turns headings on for double-sided printing. +% @headings single turns headings on for single-sided printing. +% @headings off turns them off. +% @headings on same as @headings double, retained for compatibility. +% @headings after turns on double-sided headings after this page. +% @headings doubleafter turns on double-sided headings after this page. +% @headings singleafter turns on single-sided headings after this page. +% By default, they are off at the start of a document, +% and turned `on' after @end titlepage. + +\def\headings #1 {\csname HEADINGS#1\endcsname} + +\def\headingsoff{% non-global headings elimination + \evenheadline={\hfil}\evenfootline={\hfil}% + \oddheadline={\hfil}\oddfootline={\hfil}% +} + +\def\HEADINGSoff{{\globaldefs=1 \headingsoff}} % global setting +\HEADINGSoff % it's the default + +% When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1. +% For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner, +% chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document +% title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top +% edge of all pages. +\def\HEADINGSdouble{% +\global\pageno=1 +\global\evenfootline={\hfil} +\global\oddfootline={\hfil} +\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}} +\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} +\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage +} +\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager + +% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page, +% page number on top right. +\def\HEADINGSsingle{% +\global\pageno=1 +\global\evenfootline={\hfil} +\global\oddfootline={\hfil} +\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} +\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} +\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager +} +\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble} + +\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex} +\let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter +\def\HEADINGSdoublex{% +\global\evenfootline={\hfil} +\global\oddfootline={\hfil} +\global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}} +\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} +\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage +} + +\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex} +\def\HEADINGSsinglex{% +\global\evenfootline={\hfil} +\global\oddfootline={\hfil} +\global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} +\global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}} +\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager +} + +% Subroutines used in generating headings +% This produces Day Month Year style of output. +% Only define if not already defined, in case a txi-??.tex file has set +% up a different format (e.g., txi-cs.tex does this). +\ifx\today\thisisundefined +\def\today{% + \number\day\space + \ifcase\month + \or\putwordMJan\or\putwordMFeb\or\putwordMMar\or\putwordMApr + \or\putwordMMay\or\putwordMJun\or\putwordMJul\or\putwordMAug + \or\putwordMSep\or\putwordMOct\or\putwordMNov\or\putwordMDec + \fi + \space\number\year} +\fi + +% @settitle line... specifies the title of the document, for headings. +% It generates no output of its own. +\def\thistitle{\putwordNoTitle} +\def\settitle{\parsearg{\gdef\thistitle}} + + +\message{tables,} +% Tables -- @table, @ftable, @vtable, @item(x). + +% default indentation of table text +\newdimen\tableindent \tableindent=.8in +% default indentation of @itemize and @enumerate text +\newdimen\itemindent \itemindent=.3in +% margin between end of table item and start of table text. +\newdimen\itemmargin \itemmargin=.1in + +% used internally for \itemindent minus \itemmargin +\newdimen\itemmax + +% Note @table, @ftable, and @vtable define @item, @itemx, etc., with +% these defs. +% They also define \itemindex +% to index the item name in whatever manner is desired (perhaps none). + +\newif\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip + +\def\itemxpar{\par\ifitemxneedsnegativevskip\nobreak\vskip-\parskip\nobreak\fi} + +\def\internalBitem{\smallbreak \parsearg\itemzzz} +\def\internalBitemx{\itemxpar \parsearg\itemzzz} + +\def\itemzzz #1{\begingroup % + \advance\hsize by -\rightskip + \advance\hsize by -\tableindent + \setbox0=\hbox{\itemindicate{#1}}% + \itemindex{#1}% + \nobreak % This prevents a break before @itemx. + % + % If the item text does not fit in the space we have, put it on a line + % by itself, and do not allow a page break either before or after that + % line. We do not start a paragraph here because then if the next + % command is, e.g., @kindex, the whatsit would get put into the + % horizontal list on a line by itself, resulting in extra blank space. + \ifdim \wd0>\itemmax + % + % Make this a paragraph so we get the \parskip glue and wrapping, + % but leave it ragged-right. + \begingroup + \advance\leftskip by-\tableindent + \advance\hsize by\tableindent + \advance\rightskip by0pt plus1fil\relax + \leavevmode\unhbox0\par + \endgroup + % + % We're going to be starting a paragraph, but we don't want the + % \parskip glue -- logically it's part of the @item we just started. + \nobreak \vskip-\parskip + % + % Stop a page break at the \parskip glue coming up. However, if + % what follows is an environment such as @example, there will be no + % \parskip glue; then the negative vskip we just inserted would + % cause the example and the item to crash together. So we use this + % bizarre value of 10001 as a signal to \aboveenvbreak to insert + % \parskip glue after all. Section titles are handled this way also. + % + \penalty 10001 + \endgroup + \itemxneedsnegativevskipfalse + \else + % The item text fits into the space. Start a paragraph, so that the + % following text (if any) will end up on the same line. + \noindent + % Do this with kerns and \unhbox so that if there is a footnote in + % the item text, it can migrate to the main vertical list and + % eventually be printed. + \nobreak\kern-\tableindent + \dimen0 = \itemmax \advance\dimen0 by \itemmargin \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0 + \unhbox0 + \nobreak\kern\dimen0 + \endgroup + \itemxneedsnegativevskiptrue + \fi +} + +\def\item{\errmessage{@item while not in a list environment}} +\def\itemx{\errmessage{@itemx while not in a list environment}} + +% @table, @ftable, @vtable. +\envdef\table{% + \let\itemindex\gobble + \tablecheck{table}% +} +\envdef\ftable{% + \def\itemindex ##1{\doind {fn}{\code{##1}}}% + \tablecheck{ftable}% +} +\envdef\vtable{% + \def\itemindex ##1{\doind {vr}{\code{##1}}}% + \tablecheck{vtable}% +} +\def\tablecheck#1{% + \ifnum \the\catcode`\^^M=\active + \endgroup + \errmessage{This command won't work in this context; perhaps the problem is + that we are \inenvironment\thisenv}% + \def\next{\doignore{#1}}% + \else + \let\next\tablex + \fi + \next +} +\def\tablex#1{% + \def\itemindicate{#1}% + \parsearg\tabley +} +\def\tabley#1{% + {% + \makevalueexpandable + \edef\temp{\noexpand\tablez #1\space\space\space}% + \expandafter + }\temp \endtablez +} +\def\tablez #1 #2 #3 #4\endtablez{% + \aboveenvbreak + \ifnum 0#1>0 \advance \leftskip by #1\mil \fi + \ifnum 0#2>0 \tableindent=#2\mil \fi + \ifnum 0#3>0 \advance \rightskip by #3\mil \fi + \itemmax=\tableindent + \advance \itemmax by -\itemmargin + \advance \leftskip by \tableindent + \exdentamount=\tableindent + \parindent = 0pt + \parskip = \smallskipamount + \ifdim \parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi + \let\item = \internalBitem + \let\itemx = \internalBitemx +} +\def\Etable{\endgraf\afterenvbreak} +\let\Eftable\Etable +\let\Evtable\Etable +\let\Eitemize\Etable +\let\Eenumerate\Etable + +% This is the counter used by @enumerate, which is really @itemize + +\newcount \itemno + +\envdef\itemize{\parsearg\doitemize} + +\def\doitemize#1{% + \aboveenvbreak + \itemmax=\itemindent + \advance\itemmax by -\itemmargin + \advance\leftskip by \itemindent + \exdentamount=\itemindent + \parindent=0pt + \parskip=\smallskipamount + \ifdim\parskip=0pt \parskip=2pt \fi + % + % Try typesetting the item mark that if the document erroneously says + % something like @itemize @samp (intending @table), there's an error + % right away at the @itemize. It's not the best error message in the + % world, but it's better than leaving it to the @item. This means if + % the user wants an empty mark, they have to say @w{} not just @w. + \def\itemcontents{#1}% + \setbox0 = \hbox{\itemcontents}% + % + % @itemize with no arg is equivalent to @itemize @bullet. + \ifx\itemcontents\empty\def\itemcontents{\bullet}\fi + % + \let\item=\itemizeitem +} + +% Definition of @item while inside @itemize and @enumerate. +% +\def\itemizeitem{% + \advance\itemno by 1 % for enumerations + {\let\par=\endgraf \smallbreak}% reasonable place to break + {% + % If the document has an @itemize directly after a section title, a + % \nobreak will be last on the list, and \sectionheading will have + % done a \vskip-\parskip. In that case, we don't want to zero + % parskip, or the item text will crash with the heading. On the + % other hand, when there is normal text preceding the item (as there + % usually is), we do want to zero parskip, or there would be too much + % space. In that case, we won't have a \nobreak before. At least + % that's the theory. + \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000 \parskip=0in \fi + \noindent + \hbox to 0pt{\hss \itemcontents \kern\itemmargin}% + % + \vadjust{\penalty 1200}}% not good to break after first line of item. + \flushcr +} + +% \splitoff TOKENS\endmark defines \first to be the first token in +% TOKENS, and \rest to be the remainder. +% +\def\splitoff#1#2\endmark{\def\first{#1}\def\rest{#2}}% + +% Allow an optional argument of an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, +% or number, to specify the first label in the enumerated list. No +% argument is the same as `1'. +% +\envparseargdef\enumerate{\enumeratey #1 \endenumeratey} +\def\enumeratey #1 #2\endenumeratey{% + % If we were given no argument, pretend we were given `1'. + \def\thearg{#1}% + \ifx\thearg\empty \def\thearg{1}\fi + % + % Detect if the argument is a single token. If so, it might be a + % letter. Otherwise, the only valid thing it can be is a number. + % (We will always have one token, because of the test we just made. + % This is a good thing, since \splitoff doesn't work given nothing at + % all -- the first parameter is undelimited.) + \expandafter\splitoff\thearg\endmark + \ifx\rest\empty + % Only one token in the argument. It could still be anything. + % A ``lowercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is nonzero. + % An ``uppercase letter'' is one whose \lccode is both nonzero, and + % not equal to itself. + % Otherwise, we assume it's a number. + % + % We need the \relax at the end of the \ifnum lines to stop TeX from + % continuing to look for a . + % + \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=0\relax + \numericenumerate % a number (we hope) + \else + % It's a letter. + \ifnum\lccode\expandafter`\thearg=\expandafter`\thearg\relax + \lowercaseenumerate % lowercase letter + \else + \uppercaseenumerate % uppercase letter + \fi + \fi + \else + % Multiple tokens in the argument. We hope it's a number. + \numericenumerate + \fi +} + +% An @enumerate whose labels are integers. The starting integer is +% given in \thearg. +% +\def\numericenumerate{% + \itemno = \thearg + \startenumeration{\the\itemno}% +} + +% The starting (lowercase) letter is in \thearg. +\def\lowercaseenumerate{% + \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg + \startenumeration{% + % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet. + \ifnum\itemno=0 + \errmessage{No more lowercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger + alphabet}% + \fi + \char\lccode\itemno + }% +} + +% The starting (uppercase) letter is in \thearg. +\def\uppercaseenumerate{% + \itemno = \expandafter`\thearg + \startenumeration{% + % Be sure we're not beyond the end of the alphabet. + \ifnum\itemno=0 + \errmessage{No more uppercase letters in @enumerate; get a bigger + alphabet} + \fi + \char\uccode\itemno + }% +} + +% Call \doitemize, adding a period to the first argument and supplying the +% common last two arguments. Also subtract one from the initial value in +% \itemno, since @item increments \itemno. +% +\def\startenumeration#1{% + \advance\itemno by -1 + \doitemize{#1.}\flushcr +} + +% @alphaenumerate and @capsenumerate are abbreviations for giving an arg +% to @enumerate. +% +\def\alphaenumerate{\enumerate{a}} +\def\capsenumerate{\enumerate{A}} +\def\Ealphaenumerate{\Eenumerate} +\def\Ecapsenumerate{\Eenumerate} + + +% @multitable macros +% Amy Hendrickson, 8/18/94, 3/6/96 +% +% @multitable ... @end multitable will make as many columns as desired. +% Contents of each column will wrap at width given in preamble. Width +% can be specified either with sample text given in a template line, +% or in percent of \hsize, the current width of text on page. + +% Table can continue over pages but will only break between lines. + +% To make preamble: +% +% Either define widths of columns in terms of percent of \hsize: +% @multitable @columnfractions .25 .3 .45 +% @item ... +% +% Numbers following @columnfractions are the percent of the total +% current hsize to be used for each column. You may use as many +% columns as desired. + + +% Or use a template: +% @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template} +% @item ... +% using the widest term desired in each column. + +% Each new table line starts with @item, each subsequent new column +% starts with @tab. Empty columns may be produced by supplying @tab's +% with nothing between them for as many times as empty columns are needed, +% ie, @tab@tab@tab will produce two empty columns. + +% @item, @tab do not need to be on their own lines, but it will not hurt +% if they are. + +% Sample multitable: + +% @multitable {Column 1 template} {Column 2 template} {Column 3 template} +% @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff @tab third col +% @item +% first col stuff +% @tab +% second col stuff +% @tab +% third col +% @item first col stuff @tab second col stuff +% @tab Many paragraphs of text may be used in any column. +% +% They will wrap at the width determined by the template. +% @item@tab@tab This will be in third column. +% @end multitable + +% Default dimensions may be reset by user. +% @multitableparskip is vertical space between paragraphs in table. +% @multitableparindent is paragraph indent in table. +% @multitablecolmargin is horizontal space to be left between columns. +% @multitablelinespace is space to leave between table items, baseline +% to baseline. +% 0pt means it depends on current normal line spacing. +% +\newskip\multitableparskip +\newskip\multitableparindent +\newdimen\multitablecolspace +\newskip\multitablelinespace +\multitableparskip=0pt +\multitableparindent=6pt +\multitablecolspace=12pt +\multitablelinespace=0pt + +% Macros used to set up halign preamble: +% +\let\endsetuptable\relax +\def\xendsetuptable{\endsetuptable} +\let\columnfractions\relax +\def\xcolumnfractions{\columnfractions} +\newif\ifsetpercent + +% #1 is the @columnfraction, usually a decimal number like .5, but might +% be just 1. We just use it, whatever it is. +% +\def\pickupwholefraction#1 {% + \global\advance\colcount by 1 + \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{#1\hsize}% + \setuptable +} + +\newcount\colcount +\def\setuptable#1{% + \def\firstarg{#1}% + \ifx\firstarg\xendsetuptable + \let\go = \relax + \else + \ifx\firstarg\xcolumnfractions + \global\setpercenttrue + \else + \ifsetpercent + \let\go\pickupwholefraction + \else + \global\advance\colcount by 1 + \setbox0=\hbox{#1\unskip\space}% Add a normal word space as a + % separator; typically that is always in the input, anyway. + \expandafter\xdef\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname{\the\wd0}% + \fi + \fi + \ifx\go\pickupwholefraction + % Put the argument back for the \pickupwholefraction call, so + % we'll always have a period there to be parsed. + \def\go{\pickupwholefraction#1}% + \else + \let\go = \setuptable + \fi% + \fi + \go +} + +% multitable-only commands. +% +% @headitem starts a heading row, which we typeset in bold. +% Assignments have to be global since we are inside the implicit group +% of an alignment entry. \everycr resets \everytab so we don't have to +% undo it ourselves. +\def\headitemfont{\b}% for people to use in the template row; not changeable +\def\headitem{% + \checkenv\multitable + \crcr + \global\everytab={\bf}% can't use \headitemfont since the parsing differs + \the\everytab % for the first item +}% +% +% A \tab used to include \hskip1sp. But then the space in a template +% line is not enough. That is bad. So let's go back to just `&' until +% we again encounter the problem the 1sp was intended to solve. +% --karl, nathan@acm.org, 20apr99. +\def\tab{\checkenv\multitable &\the\everytab}% + +% @multitable ... @end multitable definitions: +% +\newtoks\everytab % insert after every tab. +% +\envdef\multitable{% + \vskip\parskip + \startsavinginserts + % + % @item within a multitable starts a normal row. + % We use \def instead of \let so that if one of the multitable entries + % contains an @itemize, we don't choke on the \item (seen as \crcr aka + % \endtemplate) expanding \doitemize. + \def\item{\crcr}% + % + \tolerance=9500 + \hbadness=9500 + \setmultitablespacing + \parskip=\multitableparskip + \parindent=\multitableparindent + \overfullrule=0pt + \global\colcount=0 + % + \everycr = {% + \noalign{% + \global\everytab={}% + \global\colcount=0 % Reset the column counter. + % Check for saved footnotes, etc. + \checkinserts + % Keeps underfull box messages off when table breaks over pages. + %\filbreak + % Maybe so, but it also creates really weird page breaks when the + % table breaks over pages. Wouldn't \vfil be better? Wait until the + % problem manifests itself, so it can be fixed for real --karl. + }% + }% + % + \parsearg\domultitable +} +\def\domultitable#1{% + % To parse everything between @multitable and @item: + \setuptable#1 \endsetuptable + % + % This preamble sets up a generic column definition, which will + % be used as many times as user calls for columns. + % \vtop will set a single line and will also let text wrap and + % continue for many paragraphs if desired. + \halign\bgroup &% + \global\advance\colcount by 1 + \multistrut + \vtop{% + % Use the current \colcount to find the correct column width: + \hsize=\expandafter\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname + % + % In order to keep entries from bumping into each other + % we will add a \leftskip of \multitablecolspace to all columns after + % the first one. + % + % If a template has been used, we will add \multitablecolspace + % to the width of each template entry. + % + % If the user has set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize we will + % use that dimension as the width of the column, and the \leftskip + % will keep entries from bumping into each other. Table will start at + % left margin and final column will justify at right margin. + % + % Make sure we don't inherit \rightskip from the outer environment. + \rightskip=0pt + \ifnum\colcount=1 + % The first column will be indented with the surrounding text. + \advance\hsize by\leftskip + \else + \ifsetpercent \else + % If user has not set preamble in terms of percent of \hsize + % we will advance \hsize by \multitablecolspace. + \advance\hsize by \multitablecolspace + \fi + % In either case we will make \leftskip=\multitablecolspace: + \leftskip=\multitablecolspace + \fi + % Ignoring space at the beginning and end avoids an occasional spurious + % blank line, when TeX decides to break the line at the space before the + % box from the multistrut, so the strut ends up on a line by itself. + % For example: + % @multitable @columnfractions .11 .89 + % @item @code{#} + % @tab Legal holiday which is valid in major parts of the whole country. + % Is automatically provided with highlighting sequences respectively + % marking characters. + \noindent\ignorespaces##\unskip\multistrut + }\cr +} +\def\Emultitable{% + \crcr + \egroup % end the \halign + \global\setpercentfalse +} + +\def\setmultitablespacing{% + \def\multistrut{\strut}% just use the standard line spacing + % + % Compute \multitablelinespace (if not defined by user) for use in + % \multitableparskip calculation. We used define \multistrut based on + % this, but (ironically) that caused the spacing to be off. + % See bug-texinfo report from Werner Lemberg, 31 Oct 2004 12:52:20 +0100. +\ifdim\multitablelinespace=0pt +\setbox0=\vbox{X}\global\multitablelinespace=\the\baselineskip +\global\advance\multitablelinespace by-\ht0 +\fi +% Test to see if parskip is larger than space between lines of +% table. If not, do nothing. +% If so, set to same dimension as multitablelinespace. +\ifdim\multitableparskip>\multitablelinespace +\global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace +\global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt % to keep parskip somewhat smaller + % than skip between lines in the table. +\fi% +\ifdim\multitableparskip=0pt +\global\multitableparskip=\multitablelinespace +\global\advance\multitableparskip-7pt % to keep parskip somewhat smaller + % than skip between lines in the table. +\fi} + + +\message{conditionals,} + +% @iftex, @ifnotdocbook, @ifnothtml, @ifnotinfo, @ifnotplaintext, +% @ifnotxml always succeed. They currently do nothing; we don't +% attempt to check whether the conditionals are properly nested. But we +% have to remember that they are conditionals, so that @end doesn't +% attempt to close an environment group. +% +\def\makecond#1{% + \expandafter\let\csname #1\endcsname = \relax + \expandafter\let\csname iscond.#1\endcsname = 1 +} +\makecond{iftex} +\makecond{ifnotdocbook} +\makecond{ifnothtml} +\makecond{ifnotinfo} +\makecond{ifnotplaintext} +\makecond{ifnotxml} + +% Ignore @ignore, @ifhtml, @ifinfo, and the like. +% +\def\direntry{\doignore{direntry}} +\def\documentdescription{\doignore{documentdescription}} +\def\docbook{\doignore{docbook}} +\def\html{\doignore{html}} +\def\ifdocbook{\doignore{ifdocbook}} +\def\ifhtml{\doignore{ifhtml}} +\def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}} +\def\ifnottex{\doignore{ifnottex}} +\def\ifplaintext{\doignore{ifplaintext}} +\def\ifxml{\doignore{ifxml}} +\def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}} +\def\menu{\doignore{menu}} +\def\xml{\doignore{xml}} + +% Ignore text until a line `@end #1', keeping track of nested conditionals. +% +% A count to remember the depth of nesting. +\newcount\doignorecount + +\def\doignore#1{\begingroup + % Scan in ``verbatim'' mode: + \obeylines + \catcode`\@ = \other + \catcode`\{ = \other + \catcode`\} = \other + % + % Make sure that spaces turn into tokens that match what \doignoretext wants. + \spaceisspace + % + % Count number of #1's that we've seen. + \doignorecount = 0 + % + % Swallow text until we reach the matching `@end #1'. + \dodoignore{#1}% +} + +{ \catcode`_=11 % We want to use \_STOP_ which cannot appear in texinfo source. + \obeylines % + % + \gdef\dodoignore#1{% + % #1 contains the command name as a string, e.g., `ifinfo'. + % + % Define a command to find the next `@end #1'. + \long\def\doignoretext##1^^M@end #1{% + \doignoretextyyy##1^^M@#1\_STOP_}% + % + % And this command to find another #1 command, at the beginning of a + % line. (Otherwise, we would consider a line `@c @ifset', for + % example, to count as an @ifset for nesting.) + \long\def\doignoretextyyy##1^^M@#1##2\_STOP_{\doignoreyyy{##2}\_STOP_}% + % + % And now expand that command. + \doignoretext ^^M% + }% +} + +\def\doignoreyyy#1{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\empty % Nothing found. + \let\next\doignoretextzzz + \else % Found a nested condition, ... + \advance\doignorecount by 1 + \let\next\doignoretextyyy % ..., look for another. + % If we're here, #1 ends with ^^M\ifinfo (for example). + \fi + \next #1% the token \_STOP_ is present just after this macro. +} + +% We have to swallow the remaining "\_STOP_". +% +\def\doignoretextzzz#1{% + \ifnum\doignorecount = 0 % We have just found the outermost @end. + \let\next\enddoignore + \else % Still inside a nested condition. + \advance\doignorecount by -1 + \let\next\doignoretext % Look for the next @end. + \fi + \next +} + +% Finish off ignored text. +{ \obeylines% + % Ignore anything after the last `@end #1'; this matters in verbatim + % environments, where otherwise the newline after an ignored conditional + % would result in a blank line in the output. + \gdef\enddoignore#1^^M{\endgroup\ignorespaces}% +} + + +% @set VAR sets the variable VAR to an empty value. +% @set VAR REST-OF-LINE sets VAR to the value REST-OF-LINE. +% +% Since we want to separate VAR from REST-OF-LINE (which might be +% empty), we can't just use \parsearg; we have to insert a space of our +% own to delimit the rest of the line, and then take it out again if we +% didn't need it. +% We rely on the fact that \parsearg sets \catcode`\ =10. +% +\parseargdef\set{\setyyy#1 \endsetyyy} +\def\setyyy#1 #2\endsetyyy{% + {% + \makevalueexpandable + \def\temp{#2}% + \edef\next{\gdef\makecsname{SET#1}}% + \ifx\temp\empty + \next{}% + \else + \setzzz#2\endsetzzz + \fi + }% +} +% Remove the trailing space \setxxx inserted. +\def\setzzz#1 \endsetzzz{\next{#1}} + +% @clear VAR clears (i.e., unsets) the variable VAR. +% +\parseargdef\clear{% + {% + \makevalueexpandable + \global\expandafter\let\csname SET#1\endcsname=\relax + }% +} + +% @value{foo} gets the text saved in variable foo. +\def\value{\begingroup\makevalueexpandable\valuexxx} +\def\valuexxx#1{\expandablevalue{#1}\endgroup} +{ + \catcode`\-=\active \catcode`\_=\active + % + \gdef\makevalueexpandable{% + \let\value = \expandablevalue + % We don't want these characters active, ... + \catcode`\-=\other \catcode`\_=\other + % ..., but we might end up with active ones in the argument if + % we're called from @code, as @code{@value{foo-bar_}}, though. + % So \let them to their normal equivalents. + \let-\normaldash \let_\normalunderscore + } +} + +% We have this subroutine so that we can handle at least some @value's +% properly in indexes (we call \makevalueexpandable in \indexdummies). +% The command has to be fully expandable (if the variable is set), since +% the result winds up in the index file. This means that if the +% variable's value contains other Texinfo commands, it's almost certain +% it will fail (although perhaps we could fix that with sufficient work +% to do a one-level expansion on the result, instead of complete). +% +% Unfortunately, this has the consequence that when _ is in the *value* +% of an @set, it does not print properly in the roman fonts (get the cmr +% dot accent at position 126 instead). No fix comes to mind, and it's +% been this way since 2003 or earlier, so just ignore it. +% +\def\expandablevalue#1{% + \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax + {[No value for ``#1'']}% + \message{Variable `#1', used in @value, is not set.}% + \else + \csname SET#1\endcsname + \fi +} + +% @ifset VAR ... @end ifset reads the `...' iff VAR has been defined +% with @set. +% +% To get the special treatment we need for `@end ifset,' we call +% \makecond and then redefine. +% +\makecond{ifset} +\def\ifset{\parsearg{\doifset{\let\next=\ifsetfail}}} +\def\doifset#1#2{% + {% + \makevalueexpandable + \let\next=\empty + \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#2\endcsname\relax + #1% If not set, redefine \next. + \fi + \expandafter + }\next +} +\def\ifsetfail{\doignore{ifset}} + +% @ifclear VAR ... @end executes the `...' iff VAR has never been +% defined with @set, or has been undefined with @clear. +% +% The `\else' inside the `\doifset' parameter is a trick to reuse the +% above code: if the variable is not set, do nothing, if it is set, +% then redefine \next to \ifclearfail. +% +\makecond{ifclear} +\def\ifclear{\parsearg{\doifset{\else \let\next=\ifclearfail}}} +\def\ifclearfail{\doignore{ifclear}} + +% @ifcommandisdefined CMD ... @end executes the `...' if CMD (written +% without the @) is in fact defined. We can only feasibly check at the +% TeX level, so something like `mathcode' is going to considered +% defined even though it is not a Texinfo command. +% +\makecond{ifcommanddefined} +\def\ifcommanddefined{\parsearg{\doifcmddefined{\let\next=\ifcmddefinedfail}}} +% +\def\doifcmddefined#1#2{{% + \makevalueexpandable + \let\next=\empty + \expandafter\ifx\csname #2\endcsname\relax + #1% If not defined, \let\next as above. + \fi + \expandafter + }\next +} +\def\ifcmddefinedfail{\doignore{ifcommanddefined}} + +% @ifcommandnotdefined CMD ... handled similar to @ifclear above. +\makecond{ifcommandnotdefined} +\def\ifcommandnotdefined{% + \parsearg{\doifcmddefined{\else \let\next=\ifcmdnotdefinedfail}}} +\def\ifcmdnotdefinedfail{\doignore{ifcommandnotdefined}} + +% Set the `txicommandconditionals' variable, so documents have a way to +% test if the @ifcommand...defined conditionals are available. +\set txicommandconditionals + +% @dircategory CATEGORY -- specify a category of the dir file +% which this file should belong to. Ignore this in TeX. +\let\dircategory=\comment + +% @defininfoenclose. +\let\definfoenclose=\comment + + +\message{indexing,} +% Index generation facilities + +% Define \newwrite to be identical to plain tex's \newwrite +% except not \outer, so it can be used within macros and \if's. +\edef\newwrite{\makecsname{ptexnewwrite}} + +% \newindex {foo} defines an index named foo. +% It automatically defines \fooindex such that +% \fooindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index foo. +% It also defines \fooindfile to be the number of the output channel for +% the file that accumulates this index. The file's extension is foo. +% The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long +% for the sake of vms. +% +\def\newindex#1{% + \iflinks + \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname + \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 % Open the file + \fi + \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% % Define @#1index + \noexpand\doindex{#1}} +} + +% @defindex foo == \newindex{foo} +% +\def\defindex{\parsearg\newindex} + +% Define @defcodeindex, like @defindex except put all entries in @code. +% +\def\defcodeindex{\parsearg\newcodeindex} +% +\def\newcodeindex#1{% + \iflinks + \expandafter\newwrite \csname#1indfile\endcsname + \openout \csname#1indfile\endcsname \jobname.#1 + \fi + \expandafter\xdef\csname#1index\endcsname{% + \noexpand\docodeindex{#1}}% +} + + +% @synindex foo bar makes index foo feed into index bar. +% Do this instead of @defindex foo if you don't want it as a separate index. +% +% @syncodeindex foo bar similar, but put all entries made for index foo +% inside @code. +% +\def\synindex#1 #2 {\dosynindex\doindex{#1}{#2}} +\def\syncodeindex#1 #2 {\dosynindex\docodeindex{#1}{#2}} + +% #1 is \doindex or \docodeindex, #2 the index getting redefined (foo), +% #3 the target index (bar). +\def\dosynindex#1#2#3{% + % Only do \closeout if we haven't already done it, else we'll end up + % closing the target index. + \expandafter \ifx\csname donesynindex#2\endcsname \relax + % The \closeout helps reduce unnecessary open files; the limit on the + % Acorn RISC OS is a mere 16 files. + \expandafter\closeout\csname#2indfile\endcsname + \expandafter\let\csname donesynindex#2\endcsname = 1 + \fi + % redefine \fooindfile: + \expandafter\let\expandafter\temp\expandafter=\csname#3indfile\endcsname + \expandafter\let\csname#2indfile\endcsname=\temp + % redefine \fooindex: + \expandafter\xdef\csname#2index\endcsname{\noexpand#1{#3}}% +} + +% Define \doindex, the driver for all \fooindex macros. +% Argument #1 is generated by the calling \fooindex macro, +% and it is "foo", the name of the index. + +% \doindex just uses \parsearg; it calls \doind for the actual work. +% This is because \doind is more useful to call from other macros. + +% There is also \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic} +% which makes an entry in a two-level index such as the operation index. + +\def\doindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singleindexer} +\def\singleindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{#1}} + +% like the previous two, but they put @code around the argument. +\def\docodeindex#1{\edef\indexname{#1}\parsearg\singlecodeindexer} +\def\singlecodeindexer #1{\doind{\indexname}{\code{#1}}} + +% Take care of Texinfo commands that can appear in an index entry. +% Since there are some commands we want to expand, and others we don't, +% we have to laboriously prevent expansion for those that we don't. +% +\def\indexdummies{% + \escapechar = `\\ % use backslash in output files. + \def\@{@}% change to @@ when we switch to @ as escape char in index files. + \def\ {\realbackslash\space }% + % + % Need these unexpandable (because we define \tt as a dummy) + % definitions when @{ or @} appear in index entry text. Also, more + % complicated, when \tex is in effect and \{ is a \delimiter again. + % We can't use \lbracecmd and \rbracecmd because texindex assumes + % braces and backslashes are used only as delimiters. Perhaps we + % should define @lbrace and @rbrace commands a la @comma. + \def\{{{\tt\char123}}% + \def\}{{\tt\char125}}% + % + % I don't entirely understand this, but when an index entry is + % generated from a macro call, the \endinput which \scanmacro inserts + % causes processing to be prematurely terminated. This is, + % apparently, because \indexsorttmp is fully expanded, and \endinput + % is an expandable command. The redefinition below makes \endinput + % disappear altogether for that purpose -- although logging shows that + % processing continues to some further point. On the other hand, it + % seems \endinput does not hurt in the printed index arg, since that + % is still getting written without apparent harm. + % + % Sample source (mac-idx3.tex, reported by Graham Percival to + % help-texinfo, 22may06): + % @macro funindex {WORD} + % @findex xyz + % @end macro + % ... + % @funindex commtest + % + % The above is not enough to reproduce the bug, but it gives the flavor. + % + % Sample whatsit resulting: + % .@write3{\entry{xyz}{@folio }{@code {xyz@endinput }}} + % + % So: + \let\endinput = \empty + % + % Do the redefinitions. + \commondummies +} + +% For the aux and toc files, @ is the escape character. So we want to +% redefine everything using @ as the escape character (instead of +% \realbackslash, still used for index files). When everything uses @, +% this will be simpler. +% +\def\atdummies{% + \def\@{@@}% + \def\ {@ }% + \let\{ = \lbraceatcmd + \let\} = \rbraceatcmd + % + % Do the redefinitions. + \commondummies + \otherbackslash +} + +% Called from \indexdummies and \atdummies. +% +\def\commondummies{% + % + % \definedummyword defines \#1 as \string\#1\space, thus effectively + % preventing its expansion. This is used only for control words, + % not control letters, because the \space would be incorrect for + % control characters, but is needed to separate the control word + % from whatever follows. + % + % For control letters, we have \definedummyletter, which omits the + % space. + % + % These can be used both for control words that take an argument and + % those that do not. If it is followed by {arg} in the input, then + % that will dutifully get written to the index (or wherever). + % + \def\definedummyword ##1{\def##1{\string##1\space}}% + \def\definedummyletter##1{\def##1{\string##1}}% + \let\definedummyaccent\definedummyletter + % + \commondummiesnofonts + % + \definedummyletter\_% + \definedummyletter\-% + % + % Non-English letters. + \definedummyword\AA + \definedummyword\AE + \definedummyword\DH + \definedummyword\L + \definedummyword\O + \definedummyword\OE + \definedummyword\TH + \definedummyword\aa + \definedummyword\ae + \definedummyword\dh + \definedummyword\exclamdown + \definedummyword\l + \definedummyword\o + \definedummyword\oe + \definedummyword\ordf + \definedummyword\ordm + \definedummyword\questiondown + \definedummyword\ss + \definedummyword\th + % + % Although these internal commands shouldn't show up, sometimes they do. + \definedummyword\bf + \definedummyword\gtr + \definedummyword\hat + \definedummyword\less + \definedummyword\sf + \definedummyword\sl + \definedummyword\tclose + \definedummyword\tt + % + \definedummyword\LaTeX + \definedummyword\TeX + % + % Assorted special characters. + \definedummyword\arrow + \definedummyword\bullet + \definedummyword\comma + \definedummyword\copyright + \definedummyword\registeredsymbol + \definedummyword\dots + \definedummyword\enddots + \definedummyword\entrybreak + \definedummyword\equiv + \definedummyword\error + \definedummyword\euro + \definedummyword\expansion + \definedummyword\geq + \definedummyword\guillemetleft + \definedummyword\guillemetright + \definedummyword\guilsinglleft + \definedummyword\guilsinglright + \definedummyword\lbracechar + \definedummyword\leq + \definedummyword\minus + \definedummyword\ogonek + \definedummyword\pounds + \definedummyword\point + \definedummyword\print + \definedummyword\quotedblbase + \definedummyword\quotedblleft + \definedummyword\quotedblright + \definedummyword\quoteleft + \definedummyword\quoteright + \definedummyword\quotesinglbase + \definedummyword\rbracechar + \definedummyword\result + \definedummyword\textdegree + % + % We want to disable all macros so that they are not expanded by \write. + \macrolist + % + \normalturnoffactive + % + % Handle some cases of @value -- where it does not contain any + % (non-fully-expandable) commands. + \makevalueexpandable +} + +% \commondummiesnofonts: common to \commondummies and \indexnofonts. +% +\def\commondummiesnofonts{% + % Control letters and accents. + \definedummyletter\!% + \definedummyaccent\"% + \definedummyaccent\'% + \definedummyletter\*% + \definedummyaccent\,% + \definedummyletter\.% + \definedummyletter\/% + \definedummyletter\:% + \definedummyaccent\=% + \definedummyletter\?% + \definedummyaccent\^% + \definedummyaccent\`% + \definedummyaccent\~% + \definedummyword\u + \definedummyword\v + \definedummyword\H + \definedummyword\dotaccent + \definedummyword\ogonek + \definedummyword\ringaccent + \definedummyword\tieaccent + \definedummyword\ubaraccent + \definedummyword\udotaccent + \definedummyword\dotless + % + % Texinfo font commands. + \definedummyword\b + \definedummyword\i + \definedummyword\r + \definedummyword\sansserif + \definedummyword\sc + \definedummyword\slanted + \definedummyword\t + % + % Commands that take arguments. + \definedummyword\abbr + \definedummyword\acronym + \definedummyword\anchor + \definedummyword\cite + \definedummyword\code + \definedummyword\command + \definedummyword\dfn + \definedummyword\dmn + \definedummyword\email + \definedummyword\emph + \definedummyword\env + \definedummyword\file + \definedummyword\image + \definedummyword\indicateurl + \definedummyword\inforef + \definedummyword\kbd + \definedummyword\key + \definedummyword\math + \definedummyword\option + \definedummyword\pxref + \definedummyword\ref + \definedummyword\samp + \definedummyword\strong + \definedummyword\tie + \definedummyword\uref + \definedummyword\url + \definedummyword\var + \definedummyword\verb + \definedummyword\w + \definedummyword\xref +} + +% \indexnofonts is used when outputting the strings to sort the index +% by, and when constructing control sequence names. It eliminates all +% control sequences and just writes whatever the best ASCII sort string +% would be for a given command (usually its argument). +% +\def\indexnofonts{% + % Accent commands should become @asis. + \def\definedummyaccent##1{\let##1\asis}% + % We can just ignore other control letters. + \def\definedummyletter##1{\let##1\empty}% + % All control words become @asis by default; overrides below. + \let\definedummyword\definedummyaccent + % + \commondummiesnofonts + % + % Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command + % and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |, etc. + % Likewise with the other plain tex font commands. + %\let\tt=\asis + % + \def\ { }% + \def\@{@}% + \def\_{\normalunderscore}% + \def\-{}% @- shouldn't affect sorting + % + % Unfortunately, texindex is not prepared to handle braces in the + % content at all. So for index sorting, we map @{ and @} to strings + % starting with |, since that ASCII character is between ASCII { and }. + \def\{{|a}% + \def\lbracechar{|a}% + % + \def\}{|b}% + \def\rbracechar{|b}% + % + % Non-English letters. + \def\AA{AA}% + \def\AE{AE}% + \def\DH{DZZ}% + \def\L{L}% + \def\OE{OE}% + \def\O{O}% + \def\TH{ZZZ}% + \def\aa{aa}% + \def\ae{ae}% + \def\dh{dzz}% + \def\exclamdown{!}% + \def\l{l}% + \def\oe{oe}% + \def\ordf{a}% + \def\ordm{o}% + \def\o{o}% + \def\questiondown{?}% + \def\ss{ss}% + \def\th{zzz}% + % + \def\LaTeX{LaTeX}% + \def\TeX{TeX}% + % + % Assorted special characters. + % (The following {} will end up in the sort string, but that's ok.) + \def\arrow{->}% + \def\bullet{bullet}% + \def\comma{,}% + \def\copyright{copyright}% + \def\dots{...}% + \def\enddots{...}% + \def\equiv{==}% + \def\error{error}% + \def\euro{euro}% + \def\expansion{==>}% + \def\geq{>=}% + \def\guillemetleft{<<}% + \def\guillemetright{>>}% + \def\guilsinglleft{<}% + \def\guilsinglright{>}% + \def\leq{<=}% + \def\minus{-}% + \def\point{.}% + \def\pounds{pounds}% + \def\print{-|}% + \def\quotedblbase{"}% + \def\quotedblleft{"}% + \def\quotedblright{"}% + \def\quoteleft{`}% + \def\quoteright{'}% + \def\quotesinglbase{,}% + \def\registeredsymbol{R}% + \def\result{=>}% + \def\textdegree{o}% + % + \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexlquoteignore\endcsname\relax + \else \indexlquoteignore \fi + % + % We need to get rid of all macros, leaving only the arguments (if present). + % Of course this is not nearly correct, but it is the best we can do for now. + % makeinfo does not expand macros in the argument to @deffn, which ends up + % writing an index entry, and texindex isn't prepared for an index sort entry + % that starts with \. + % + % Since macro invocations are followed by braces, we can just redefine them + % to take a single TeX argument. The case of a macro invocation that + % goes to end-of-line is not handled. + % + \macrolist +} + +% Undocumented (for FSFS 2nd ed.): @set txiindexlquoteignore makes us +% ignore left quotes in the sort term. +{\catcode`\`=\active + \gdef\indexlquoteignore{\let`=\empty}} + +\let\indexbackslash=0 %overridden during \printindex. +\let\SETmarginindex=\relax % put index entries in margin (undocumented)? + +% Most index entries go through here, but \dosubind is the general case. +% #1 is the index name, #2 is the entry text. +\def\doind#1#2{\dosubind{#1}{#2}{}} + +% Workhorse for all \fooindexes. +% #1 is name of index, #2 is stuff to put there, #3 is subentry -- +% empty if called from \doind, as we usually are (the main exception +% is with most defuns, which call us directly). +% +\def\dosubind#1#2#3{% + \iflinks + {% + % Store the main index entry text (including the third arg). + \toks0 = {#2}% + % If third arg is present, precede it with a space. + \def\thirdarg{#3}% + \ifx\thirdarg\empty \else + \toks0 = \expandafter{\the\toks0 \space #3}% + \fi + % + \edef\writeto{\csname#1indfile\endcsname}% + % + \safewhatsit\dosubindwrite + }% + \fi +} + +% Write the entry in \toks0 to the index file: +% +\def\dosubindwrite{% + % Put the index entry in the margin if desired. + \ifx\SETmarginindex\relax\else + \insert\margin{\hbox{\vrule height8pt depth3pt width0pt \the\toks0}}% + \fi + % + % Remember, we are within a group. + \indexdummies % Must do this here, since \bf, etc expand at this stage + \def\backslashcurfont{\indexbackslash}% \indexbackslash isn't defined now + % so it will be output as is; and it will print as backslash. + % + % Process the index entry with all font commands turned off, to + % get the string to sort by. + {\indexnofonts + \edef\temp{\the\toks0}% need full expansion + \xdef\indexsorttmp{\temp}% + }% + % + % Set up the complete index entry, with both the sort key and + % the original text, including any font commands. We write + % three arguments to \entry to the .?? file (four in the + % subentry case), texindex reduces to two when writing the .??s + % sorted result. + \edef\temp{% + \write\writeto{% + \string\entry{\indexsorttmp}{\noexpand\folio}{\the\toks0}}% + }% + \temp +} + +% Take care of unwanted page breaks/skips around a whatsit: +% +% If a skip is the last thing on the list now, preserve it +% by backing up by \lastskip, doing the \write, then inserting +% the skip again. Otherwise, the whatsit generated by the +% \write or \pdfdest will make \lastskip zero. The result is that +% sequences like this: +% @end defun +% @tindex whatever +% @defun ... +% will have extra space inserted, because the \medbreak in the +% start of the @defun won't see the skip inserted by the @end of +% the previous defun. +% +% But don't do any of this if we're not in vertical mode. We +% don't want to do a \vskip and prematurely end a paragraph. +% +% Avoid page breaks due to these extra skips, too. +% +% But wait, there is a catch there: +% We'll have to check whether \lastskip is zero skip. \ifdim is not +% sufficient for this purpose, as it ignores stretch and shrink parts +% of the skip. The only way seems to be to check the textual +% representation of the skip. +% +% The following is almost like \def\zeroskipmacro{0.0pt} except that +% the ``p'' and ``t'' characters have catcode \other, not 11 (letter). +% +\edef\zeroskipmacro{\expandafter\the\csname z@skip\endcsname} +% +\newskip\whatsitskip +\newcount\whatsitpenalty +% +% ..., ready, GO: +% +\def\safewhatsit#1{\ifhmode + #1% + \else + % \lastskip and \lastpenalty cannot both be nonzero simultaneously. + \whatsitskip = \lastskip + \edef\lastskipmacro{\the\lastskip}% + \whatsitpenalty = \lastpenalty + % + % If \lastskip is nonzero, that means the last item was a + % skip. And since a skip is discardable, that means this + % -\whatsitskip glue we're inserting is preceded by a + % non-discardable item, therefore it is not a potential + % breakpoint, therefore no \nobreak needed. + \ifx\lastskipmacro\zeroskipmacro + \else + \vskip-\whatsitskip + \fi + % + #1% + % + \ifx\lastskipmacro\zeroskipmacro + % If \lastskip was zero, perhaps the last item was a penalty, and + % perhaps it was >=10000, e.g., a \nobreak. In that case, we want + % to re-insert the same penalty (values >10000 are used for various + % signals); since we just inserted a non-discardable item, any + % following glue (such as a \parskip) would be a breakpoint. For example: + % @deffn deffn-whatever + % @vindex index-whatever + % Description. + % would allow a break between the index-whatever whatsit + % and the "Description." paragraph. + \ifnum\whatsitpenalty>9999 \penalty\whatsitpenalty \fi + \else + % On the other hand, if we had a nonzero \lastskip, + % this make-up glue would be preceded by a non-discardable item + % (the whatsit from the \write), so we must insert a \nobreak. + \nobreak\vskip\whatsitskip + \fi +\fi} + +% The index entry written in the file actually looks like +% \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic} +% or +% \entry {sortstring}{page}{topic}{subtopic} +% The texindex program reads in these files and writes files +% containing these kinds of lines: +% \initial {c} +% before the first topic whose initial is c +% \entry {topic}{pagelist} +% for a topic that is used without subtopics +% \primary {topic} +% for the beginning of a topic that is used with subtopics +% \secondary {subtopic}{pagelist} +% for each subtopic. + +% Define the user-accessible indexing commands +% @findex, @vindex, @kindex, @cindex. + +\def\findex {\fnindex} +\def\kindex {\kyindex} +\def\cindex {\cpindex} +\def\vindex {\vrindex} +\def\tindex {\tpindex} +\def\pindex {\pgindex} + +\def\cindexsub {\begingroup\obeylines\cindexsub} +{\obeylines % +\gdef\cindexsub "#1" #2^^M{\endgroup % +\dosubind{cp}{#2}{#1}}} + +% Define the macros used in formatting output of the sorted index material. + +% @printindex causes a particular index (the ??s file) to get printed. +% It does not print any chapter heading (usually an @unnumbered). +% +\parseargdef\printindex{\begingroup + \dobreak \chapheadingskip{10000}% + % + \smallfonts \rm + \tolerance = 9500 + \plainfrenchspacing + \everypar = {}% don't want the \kern\-parindent from indentation suppression. + % + % See if the index file exists and is nonempty. + % Change catcode of @ here so that if the index file contains + % \initial {@} + % as its first line, TeX doesn't complain about mismatched braces + % (because it thinks @} is a control sequence). + \catcode`\@ = 11 + \openin 1 \jobname.#1s + \ifeof 1 + % \enddoublecolumns gets confused if there is no text in the index, + % and it loses the chapter title and the aux file entries for the + % index. The easiest way to prevent this problem is to make sure + % there is some text. + \putwordIndexNonexistent + \else + % + % If the index file exists but is empty, then \openin leaves \ifeof + % false. We have to make TeX try to read something from the file, so + % it can discover if there is anything in it. + \read 1 to \temp + \ifeof 1 + \putwordIndexIsEmpty + \else + % Index files are almost Texinfo source, but we use \ as the escape + % character. It would be better to use @, but that's too big a change + % to make right now. + \def\indexbackslash{\backslashcurfont}% + \catcode`\\ = 0 + \escapechar = `\\ + \begindoublecolumns + \input \jobname.#1s + \enddoublecolumns + \fi + \fi + \closein 1 +\endgroup} + +% These macros are used by the sorted index file itself. +% Change them to control the appearance of the index. + +\def\initial#1{{% + % Some minor font changes for the special characters. + \let\tentt=\sectt \let\tt=\sectt \let\sf=\sectt + % + % Remove any glue we may have, we'll be inserting our own. + \removelastskip + % + % We like breaks before the index initials, so insert a bonus. + \nobreak + \vskip 0pt plus 3\baselineskip + \penalty 0 + \vskip 0pt plus -3\baselineskip + % + % Typeset the initial. Making this add up to a whole number of + % baselineskips increases the chance of the dots lining up from column + % to column. It still won't often be perfect, because of the stretch + % we need before each entry, but it's better. + % + % No shrink because it confuses \balancecolumns. + \vskip 1.67\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip + \leftline{\secbf #1}% + % Do our best not to break after the initial. + \nobreak + \vskip .33\baselineskip plus .1\baselineskip +}} + +% \entry typesets a paragraph consisting of the text (#1), dot leaders, and +% then page number (#2) flushed to the right margin. It is used for index +% and table of contents entries. The paragraph is indented by \leftskip. +% +% A straightforward implementation would start like this: +% \def\entry#1#2{... +% But this freezes the catcodes in the argument, and can cause problems to +% @code, which sets - active. This problem was fixed by a kludge--- +% ``-'' was active throughout whole index, but this isn't really right. +% The right solution is to prevent \entry from swallowing the whole text. +% --kasal, 21nov03 +\def\entry{% + \begingroup + % + % Start a new paragraph if necessary, so our assignments below can't + % affect previous text. + \par + % + % Do not fill out the last line with white space. + \parfillskip = 0in + % + % No extra space above this paragraph. + \parskip = 0in + % + % Do not prefer a separate line ending with a hyphen to fewer lines. + \finalhyphendemerits = 0 + % + % \hangindent is only relevant when the entry text and page number + % don't both fit on one line. In that case, bob suggests starting the + % dots pretty far over on the line. Unfortunately, a large + % indentation looks wrong when the entry text itself is broken across + % lines. So we use a small indentation and put up with long leaders. + % + % \hangafter is reset to 1 (which is the value we want) at the start + % of each paragraph, so we need not do anything with that. + \hangindent = 2em + % + % When the entry text needs to be broken, just fill out the first line + % with blank space. + \rightskip = 0pt plus1fil + % + % A bit of stretch before each entry for the benefit of balancing + % columns. + \vskip 0pt plus1pt + % + % When reading the text of entry, convert explicit line breaks + % from @* into spaces. The user might give these in long section + % titles, for instance. + \def\*{\unskip\space\ignorespaces}% + \def\entrybreak{\hfil\break}% + % + % Swallow the left brace of the text (first parameter): + \afterassignment\doentry + \let\temp = +} +\def\entrybreak{\unskip\space\ignorespaces}% +\def\doentry{% + \bgroup % Instead of the swallowed brace. + \noindent + \aftergroup\finishentry + % And now comes the text of the entry. +} +\def\finishentry#1{% + % #1 is the page number. + % + % The following is kludged to not output a line of dots in the index if + % there are no page numbers. The next person who breaks this will be + % cursed by a Unix daemon. + \setbox\boxA = \hbox{#1}% + \ifdim\wd\boxA = 0pt + \ % + \else + % + % If we must, put the page number on a line of its own, and fill out + % this line with blank space. (The \hfil is overwhelmed with the + % fill leaders glue in \indexdotfill if the page number does fit.) + \hfil\penalty50 + \null\nobreak\indexdotfill % Have leaders before the page number. + % + % The `\ ' here is removed by the implicit \unskip that TeX does as + % part of (the primitive) \par. Without it, a spurious underfull + % \hbox ensues. + \ifpdf + \pdfgettoks#1.% + \ \the\toksA + \else + \ #1% + \fi + \fi + \par + \endgroup +} + +% Like plain.tex's \dotfill, except uses up at least 1 em. +\def\indexdotfill{\cleaders + \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu.\mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1fill} + +\def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}} + +\newskip\secondaryindent \secondaryindent=0.5cm +\def\secondary#1#2{{% + \parfillskip=0in + \parskip=0in + \hangindent=1in + \hangafter=1 + \noindent\hskip\secondaryindent\hbox{#1}\indexdotfill + \ifpdf + \pdfgettoks#2.\ \the\toksA % The page number ends the paragraph. + \else + #2 + \fi + \par +}} + +% Define two-column mode, which we use to typeset indexes. +% Adapted from the TeXbook, page 416, which is to say, +% the manmac.tex format used to print the TeXbook itself. +\catcode`\@=11 + +\newbox\partialpage +\newdimen\doublecolumnhsize + +\def\begindoublecolumns{\begingroup % ended by \enddoublecolumns + % Grab any single-column material above us. + \output = {% + % + % Here is a possibility not foreseen in manmac: if we accumulate a + % whole lot of material, we might end up calling this \output + % routine twice in a row (see the doublecol-lose test, which is + % essentially a couple of indexes with @setchapternewpage off). In + % that case we just ship out what is in \partialpage with the normal + % output routine. Generally, \partialpage will be empty when this + % runs and this will be a no-op. See the indexspread.tex test case. + \ifvoid\partialpage \else + \onepageout{\pagecontents\partialpage}% + \fi + % + \global\setbox\partialpage = \vbox{% + % Unvbox the main output page. + \unvbox\PAGE + \kern-\topskip \kern\baselineskip + }% + }% + \eject % run that output routine to set \partialpage + % + % Use the double-column output routine for subsequent pages. + \output = {\doublecolumnout}% + % + % Change the page size parameters. We could do this once outside this + % routine, in each of @smallbook, @afourpaper, and the default 8.5x11 + % format, but then we repeat the same computation. Repeating a couple + % of assignments once per index is clearly meaningless for the + % execution time, so we may as well do it in one place. + % + % First we halve the line length, less a little for the gutter between + % the columns. We compute the gutter based on the line length, so it + % changes automatically with the paper format. The magic constant + % below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +-<1pt) + % as it did when we hard-coded it. + % + % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we + % can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially) + % been clobbered. + % + \doublecolumnhsize = \hsize + \advance\doublecolumnhsize by -.04154\hsize + \divide\doublecolumnhsize by 2 + \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize + % + % Double the \vsize as well. (We don't need a separate register here, + % since nobody clobbers \vsize.) + \vsize = 2\vsize +} + +% The double-column output routine for all double-column pages except +% the last. +% +\def\doublecolumnout{% + \splittopskip=\topskip \splitmaxdepth=\maxdepth + % Get the available space for the double columns -- the normal + % (undoubled) page height minus any material left over from the + % previous page. + \dimen@ = \vsize + \divide\dimen@ by 2 + \advance\dimen@ by -\ht\partialpage + % + % box0 will be the left-hand column, box2 the right. + \setbox0=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ \setbox2=\vsplit255 to\dimen@ + \onepageout\pagesofar + \unvbox255 + \penalty\outputpenalty +} +% +% Re-output the contents of the output page -- any previous material, +% followed by the two boxes we just split, in box0 and box2. +\def\pagesofar{% + \unvbox\partialpage + % + \hsize = \doublecolumnhsize + \wd0=\hsize \wd2=\hsize + \hbox to\pagewidth{\box0\hfil\box2}% +} +% +% All done with double columns. +\def\enddoublecolumns{% + % The following penalty ensures that the page builder is exercised + % _before_ we change the output routine. This is necessary in the + % following situation: + % + % The last section of the index consists only of a single entry. + % Before this section, \pagetotal is less than \pagegoal, so no + % break occurs before the last section starts. However, the last + % section, consisting of \initial and the single \entry, does not + % fit on the page and has to be broken off. Without the following + % penalty the page builder will not be exercised until \eject + % below, and by that time we'll already have changed the output + % routine to the \balancecolumns version, so the next-to-last + % double-column page will be processed with \balancecolumns, which + % is wrong: The two columns will go to the main vertical list, with + % the broken-off section in the recent contributions. As soon as + % the output routine finishes, TeX starts reconsidering the page + % break. The two columns and the broken-off section both fit on the + % page, because the two columns now take up only half of the page + % goal. When TeX sees \eject from below which follows the final + % section, it invokes the new output routine that we've set after + % \balancecolumns below; \onepageout will try to fit the two columns + % and the final section into the vbox of \pageheight (see + % \pagebody), causing an overfull box. + % + % Note that glue won't work here, because glue does not exercise the + % page builder, unlike penalties (see The TeXbook, pp. 280-281). + \penalty0 + % + \output = {% + % Split the last of the double-column material. Leave it on the + % current page, no automatic page break. + \balancecolumns + % + % If we end up splitting too much material for the current page, + % though, there will be another page break right after this \output + % invocation ends. Having called \balancecolumns once, we do not + % want to call it again. Therefore, reset \output to its normal + % definition right away. (We hope \balancecolumns will never be + % called on to balance too much material, but if it is, this makes + % the output somewhat more palatable.) + \global\output = {\onepageout{\pagecontents\PAGE}}% + }% + \eject + \endgroup % started in \begindoublecolumns + % + % \pagegoal was set to the doubled \vsize above, since we restarted + % the current page. We're now back to normal single-column + % typesetting, so reset \pagegoal to the normal \vsize (after the + % \endgroup where \vsize got restored). + \pagegoal = \vsize +} +% +% Called at the end of the double column material. +\def\balancecolumns{% + \setbox0 = \vbox{\unvbox255}% like \box255 but more efficient, see p.120. + \dimen@ = \ht0 + \advance\dimen@ by \topskip + \advance\dimen@ by-\baselineskip + \divide\dimen@ by 2 % target to split to + %debug\message{final 2-column material height=\the\ht0, target=\the\dimen@.}% + \splittopskip = \topskip + % Loop until we get a decent breakpoint. + {% + \vbadness = 10000 + \loop + \global\setbox3 = \copy0 + \global\setbox1 = \vsplit3 to \dimen@ + \ifdim\ht3>\dimen@ + \global\advance\dimen@ by 1pt + \repeat + }% + %debug\message{split to \the\dimen@, column heights: \the\ht1, \the\ht3.}% + \setbox0=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox1}% + \setbox2=\vbox to\dimen@{\unvbox3}% + % + \pagesofar +} +\catcode`\@ = \other + + +\message{sectioning,} +% Chapters, sections, etc. + +% Let's start with @part. +\outer\parseargdef\part{\partzzz{#1}} +\def\partzzz#1{% + \chapoddpage + \null + \vskip.3\vsize % move it down on the page a bit + \begingroup + \noindent \titlefonts\rmisbold #1\par % the text + \let\lastnode=\empty % no node to associate with + \writetocentry{part}{#1}{}% but put it in the toc + \headingsoff % no headline or footline on the part page + \chapoddpage + \endgroup +} + +% \unnumberedno is an oxymoron. But we count the unnumbered +% sections so that we can refer to them unambiguously in the pdf +% outlines by their "section number". We avoid collisions with chapter +% numbers by starting them at 10000. (If a document ever has 10000 +% chapters, we're in trouble anyway, I'm sure.) +\newcount\unnumberedno \unnumberedno = 10000 +\newcount\chapno +\newcount\secno \secno=0 +\newcount\subsecno \subsecno=0 +\newcount\subsubsecno \subsubsecno=0 + +% This counter is funny since it counts through charcodes of letters A, B, ... +\newcount\appendixno \appendixno = `\@ +% +% \def\appendixletter{\char\the\appendixno} +% We do the following ugly conditional instead of the above simple +% construct for the sake of pdftex, which needs the actual +% letter in the expansion, not just typeset. +% +\def\appendixletter{% + \ifnum\appendixno=`A A% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`B B% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`C C% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`D D% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`E E% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`F F% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`G G% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`H H% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`I I% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`J J% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`K K% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`L L% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`M M% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`N N% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`O O% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`P P% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Q Q% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`R R% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`S S% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`T T% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`U U% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`V V% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`W W% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`X X% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Y Y% + \else\ifnum\appendixno=`Z Z% + % The \the is necessary, despite appearances, because \appendixletter is + % expanded while writing the .toc file. \char\appendixno is not + % expandable, thus it is written literally, thus all appendixes come out + % with the same letter (or @) in the toc without it. + \else\char\the\appendixno + \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi + \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi} + +% Each @chapter defines these (using marks) as the number+name, number +% and name of the chapter. Page headings and footings can use +% these. @section does likewise. +\def\thischapter{} +\def\thischapternum{} +\def\thischaptername{} +\def\thissection{} +\def\thissectionnum{} +\def\thissectionname{} + +\newcount\absseclevel % used to calculate proper heading level +\newcount\secbase\secbase=0 % @raisesections/@lowersections modify this count + +% @raisesections: treat @section as chapter, @subsection as section, etc. +\def\raisesections{\global\advance\secbase by -1} +\let\up=\raisesections % original BFox name + +% @lowersections: treat @chapter as section, @section as subsection, etc. +\def\lowersections{\global\advance\secbase by 1} +\let\down=\lowersections % original BFox name + +% we only have subsub. +\chardef\maxseclevel = 3 +% +% A numbered section within an unnumbered changes to unnumbered too. +% To achieve this, remember the "biggest" unnum. sec. we are currently in: +\chardef\unnlevel = \maxseclevel +% +% Trace whether the current chapter is an appendix or not: +% \chapheadtype is "N" or "A", unnumbered chapters are ignored. +\def\chapheadtype{N} + +% Choose a heading macro +% #1 is heading type +% #2 is heading level +% #3 is text for heading +\def\genhead#1#2#3{% + % Compute the abs. sec. level: + \absseclevel=#2 + \advance\absseclevel by \secbase + % Make sure \absseclevel doesn't fall outside the range: + \ifnum \absseclevel < 0 + \absseclevel = 0 + \else + \ifnum \absseclevel > 3 + \absseclevel = 3 + \fi + \fi + % The heading type: + \def\headtype{#1}% + \if \headtype U% + \ifnum \absseclevel < \unnlevel + \chardef\unnlevel = \absseclevel + \fi + \else + % Check for appendix sections: + \ifnum \absseclevel = 0 + \edef\chapheadtype{\headtype}% + \else + \if \headtype A\if \chapheadtype N% + \errmessage{@appendix... within a non-appendix chapter}% + \fi\fi + \fi + % Check for numbered within unnumbered: + \ifnum \absseclevel > \unnlevel + \def\headtype{U}% + \else + \chardef\unnlevel = 3 + \fi + \fi + % Now print the heading: + \if \headtype U% + \ifcase\absseclevel + \unnumberedzzz{#3}% + \or \unnumberedseczzz{#3}% + \or \unnumberedsubseczzz{#3}% + \or \unnumberedsubsubseczzz{#3}% + \fi + \else + \if \headtype A% + \ifcase\absseclevel + \appendixzzz{#3}% + \or \appendixsectionzzz{#3}% + \or \appendixsubseczzz{#3}% + \or \appendixsubsubseczzz{#3}% + \fi + \else + \ifcase\absseclevel + \chapterzzz{#3}% + \or \seczzz{#3}% + \or \numberedsubseczzz{#3}% + \or \numberedsubsubseczzz{#3}% + \fi + \fi + \fi + \suppressfirstparagraphindent +} + +% an interface: +\def\numhead{\genhead N} +\def\apphead{\genhead A} +\def\unnmhead{\genhead U} + +% @chapter, @appendix, @unnumbered. Increment top-level counter, reset +% all lower-level sectioning counters to zero. +% +% Also set \chaplevelprefix, which we prepend to @float sequence numbers +% (e.g., figures), q.v. By default (before any chapter), that is empty. +\let\chaplevelprefix = \empty +% +\outer\parseargdef\chapter{\numhead0{#1}} % normally numhead0 calls chapterzzz +\def\chapterzzz#1{% + % section resetting is \global in case the chapter is in a group, such + % as an @include file. + \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0 + \global\advance\chapno by 1 + % + % Used for \float. + \gdef\chaplevelprefix{\the\chapno.}% + \resetallfloatnos + % + % \putwordChapter can contain complex things in translations. + \toks0=\expandafter{\putwordChapter}% + \message{\the\toks0 \space \the\chapno}% + % + % Write the actual heading. + \chapmacro{#1}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno}% + % + % So @section and the like are numbered underneath this chapter. + \global\let\section = \numberedsec + \global\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec + \global\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec +} + +\outer\parseargdef\appendix{\apphead0{#1}} % normally calls appendixzzz +% +\def\appendixzzz#1{% + \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0 + \global\advance\appendixno by 1 + \gdef\chaplevelprefix{\appendixletter.}% + \resetallfloatnos + % + % \putwordAppendix can contain complex things in translations. + \toks0=\expandafter{\putwordAppendix}% + \message{\the\toks0 \space \appendixletter}% + % + \chapmacro{#1}{Yappendix}{\appendixletter}% + % + \global\let\section = \appendixsec + \global\let\subsection = \appendixsubsec + \global\let\subsubsection = \appendixsubsubsec +} + +% normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz: +\outer\parseargdef\unnumbered{\unnmhead0{#1}} +\def\unnumberedzzz#1{% + \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0 + \global\advance\unnumberedno by 1 + % + % Since an unnumbered has no number, no prefix for figures. + \global\let\chaplevelprefix = \empty + \resetallfloatnos + % + % This used to be simply \message{#1}, but TeX fully expands the + % argument to \message. Therefore, if #1 contained @-commands, TeX + % expanded them. For example, in `@unnumbered The @cite{Book}', TeX + % expanded @cite (which turns out to cause errors because \cite is meant + % to be executed, not expanded). + % + % Anyway, we don't want the fully-expanded definition of @cite to appear + % as a result of the \message, we just want `@cite' itself. We use + % \the to achieve this: TeX expands \the only once, + % simply yielding the contents of . (We also do this for + % the toc entries.) + \toks0 = {#1}% + \message{(\the\toks0)}% + % + \chapmacro{#1}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno}% + % + \global\let\section = \unnumberedsec + \global\let\subsection = \unnumberedsubsec + \global\let\subsubsection = \unnumberedsubsubsec +} + +% @centerchap is like @unnumbered, but the heading is centered. +\outer\parseargdef\centerchap{% + % Well, we could do the following in a group, but that would break + % an assumption that \chapmacro is called at the outermost level. + % Thus we are safer this way: --kasal, 24feb04 + \let\centerparametersmaybe = \centerparameters + \unnmhead0{#1}% + \let\centerparametersmaybe = \relax +} + +% @top is like @unnumbered. +\let\top\unnumbered + +% Sections. +% +\outer\parseargdef\numberedsec{\numhead1{#1}} % normally calls seczzz +\def\seczzz#1{% + \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance\secno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno.\the\secno}% +} + +% normally calls appendixsectionzzz: +\outer\parseargdef\appendixsection{\apphead1{#1}} +\def\appendixsectionzzz#1{% + \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance\secno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Yappendix}{\appendixletter.\the\secno}% +} +\let\appendixsec\appendixsection + +% normally calls unnumberedseczzz: +\outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsec{\unnmhead1{#1}} +\def\unnumberedseczzz#1{% + \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance\secno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno}% +} + +% Subsections. +% +% normally calls numberedsubseczzz: +\outer\parseargdef\numberedsubsec{\numhead2{#1}} +\def\numberedsubseczzz#1{% + \global\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance\subsecno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Ynumbered}{\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}% +} + +% normally calls appendixsubseczzz: +\outer\parseargdef\appendixsubsec{\apphead2{#1}} +\def\appendixsubseczzz#1{% + \global\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance\subsecno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Yappendix}% + {\appendixletter.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}% +} + +% normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz: +\outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsubsec{\unnmhead2{#1}} +\def\unnumberedsubseczzz#1{% + \global\subsubsecno=0 \global\advance\subsecno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Ynothing}% + {\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}% +} + +% Subsubsections. +% +% normally numberedsubsubseczzz: +\outer\parseargdef\numberedsubsubsec{\numhead3{#1}} +\def\numberedsubsubseczzz#1{% + \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Ynumbered}% + {\the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}% +} + +% normally appendixsubsubseczzz: +\outer\parseargdef\appendixsubsubsec{\apphead3{#1}} +\def\appendixsubsubseczzz#1{% + \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Yappendix}% + {\appendixletter.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}% +} + +% normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz: +\outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsubsubsec{\unnmhead3{#1}} +\def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz#1{% + \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1 + \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Ynothing}% + {\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}% +} + +% These macros control what the section commands do, according +% to what kind of chapter we are in (ordinary, appendix, or unnumbered). +% Define them by default for a numbered chapter. +\let\section = \numberedsec +\let\subsection = \numberedsubsec +\let\subsubsection = \numberedsubsubsec + +% Define @majorheading, @heading and @subheading + +\def\majorheading{% + {\advance\chapheadingskip by 10pt \chapbreak }% + \parsearg\chapheadingzzz +} + +\def\chapheading{\chapbreak \parsearg\chapheadingzzz} +\def\chapheadingzzz#1{% + \vbox{\chapfonts \raggedtitlesettings #1\par}% + \nobreak\bigskip \nobreak + \suppressfirstparagraphindent +} + +% @heading, @subheading, @subsubheading. +\parseargdef\heading{\sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Yomitfromtoc}{} + \suppressfirstparagraphindent} +\parseargdef\subheading{\sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Yomitfromtoc}{} + \suppressfirstparagraphindent} +\parseargdef\subsubheading{\sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Yomitfromtoc}{} + \suppressfirstparagraphindent} + +% These macros generate a chapter, section, etc. heading only +% (including whitespace, linebreaking, etc. around it), +% given all the information in convenient, parsed form. + +% Args are the skip and penalty (usually negative) +\def\dobreak#1#2{\par\ifdim\lastskip<#1\removelastskip\penalty#2\vskip#1\fi} + +% Parameter controlling skip before chapter headings (if needed) +\newskip\chapheadingskip + +% Define plain chapter starts, and page on/off switching for it. +\def\chapbreak{\dobreak \chapheadingskip {-4000}} +\def\chappager{\par\vfill\supereject} +% Because \domark is called before \chapoddpage, the filler page will +% get the headings for the next chapter, which is wrong. But we don't +% care -- we just disable all headings on the filler page. +\def\chapoddpage{% + \chappager + \ifodd\pageno \else + \begingroup + \headingsoff + \null + \chappager + \endgroup + \fi +} + +\def\setchapternewpage #1 {\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname} + +\def\CHAPPAGoff{% +\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager +\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapbreak +\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager} + +\def\CHAPPAGon{% +\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager +\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chappager +\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chappager +\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSsingle}} + +\def\CHAPPAGodd{% +\global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage +\global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage +\global\let\pagealignmacro=\chapoddpage +\global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}} + +\CHAPPAGon + +% Chapter opening. +% +% #1 is the text, #2 is the section type (Ynumbered, Ynothing, +% Yappendix, Yomitfromtoc), #3 the chapter number. +% +% To test against our argument. +\def\Ynothingkeyword{Ynothing} +\def\Yomitfromtockeyword{Yomitfromtoc} +\def\Yappendixkeyword{Yappendix} +% +\def\chapmacro#1#2#3{% + % Insert the first mark before the heading break (see notes for \domark). + \let\prevchapterdefs=\lastchapterdefs + \let\prevsectiondefs=\lastsectiondefs + \gdef\lastsectiondefs{\gdef\thissectionname{}\gdef\thissectionnum{}% + \gdef\thissection{}}% + % + \def\temptype{#2}% + \ifx\temptype\Ynothingkeyword + \gdef\lastchapterdefs{\gdef\thischaptername{#1}\gdef\thischapternum{}% + \gdef\thischapter{\thischaptername}}% + \else\ifx\temptype\Yomitfromtockeyword + \gdef\lastchapterdefs{\gdef\thischaptername{#1}\gdef\thischapternum{}% + \gdef\thischapter{}}% + \else\ifx\temptype\Yappendixkeyword + \toks0={#1}% + \xdef\lastchapterdefs{% + \gdef\noexpand\thischaptername{\the\toks0}% + \gdef\noexpand\thischapternum{\appendixletter}% + % \noexpand\putwordAppendix avoids expanding indigestible + % commands in some of the translations. + \gdef\noexpand\thischapter{\noexpand\putwordAppendix{} + \noexpand\thischapternum: + \noexpand\thischaptername}% + }% + \else + \toks0={#1}% + \xdef\lastchapterdefs{% + \gdef\noexpand\thischaptername{\the\toks0}% + \gdef\noexpand\thischapternum{\the\chapno}% + % \noexpand\putwordChapter avoids expanding indigestible + % commands in some of the translations. + \gdef\noexpand\thischapter{\noexpand\putwordChapter{} + \noexpand\thischapternum: + \noexpand\thischaptername}% + }% + \fi\fi\fi + % + % Output the mark. Pass it through \safewhatsit, to take care of + % the preceding space. + \safewhatsit\domark + % + % Insert the chapter heading break. + \pchapsepmacro + % + % Now the second mark, after the heading break. No break points + % between here and the heading. + \let\prevchapterdefs=\lastchapterdefs + \let\prevsectiondefs=\lastsectiondefs + \domark + % + {% + \chapfonts \rmisbold + % + % Have to define \lastsection before calling \donoderef, because the + % xref code eventually uses it. On the other hand, it has to be called + % after \pchapsepmacro, or the headline will change too soon. + \gdef\lastsection{#1}% + % + % Only insert the separating space if we have a chapter/appendix + % number, and don't print the unnumbered ``number''. + \ifx\temptype\Ynothingkeyword + \setbox0 = \hbox{}% + \def\toctype{unnchap}% + \else\ifx\temptype\Yomitfromtockeyword + \setbox0 = \hbox{}% contents like unnumbered, but no toc entry + \def\toctype{omit}% + \else\ifx\temptype\Yappendixkeyword + \setbox0 = \hbox{\putwordAppendix{} #3\enspace}% + \def\toctype{app}% + \else + \setbox0 = \hbox{#3\enspace}% + \def\toctype{numchap}% + \fi\fi\fi + % + % Write the toc entry for this chapter. Must come before the + % \donoderef, because we include the current node name in the toc + % entry, and \donoderef resets it to empty. + \writetocentry{\toctype}{#1}{#3}% + % + % For pdftex, we have to write out the node definition (aka, make + % the pdfdest) after any page break, but before the actual text has + % been typeset. If the destination for the pdf outline is after the + % text, then jumping from the outline may wind up with the text not + % being visible, for instance under high magnification. + \donoderef{#2}% + % + % Typeset the actual heading. + \nobreak % Avoid page breaks at the interline glue. + \vbox{\raggedtitlesettings \hangindent=\wd0 \centerparametersmaybe + \unhbox0 #1\par}% + }% + \nobreak\bigskip % no page break after a chapter title + \nobreak +} + +% @centerchap -- centered and unnumbered. +\let\centerparametersmaybe = \relax +\def\centerparameters{% + \advance\rightskip by 3\rightskip + \leftskip = \rightskip + \parfillskip = 0pt +} + + +% I don't think this chapter style is supported any more, so I'm not +% updating it with the new noderef stuff. We'll see. --karl, 11aug03. +% +\def\setchapterstyle #1 {\csname CHAPF#1\endcsname} +% +\def\unnchfopen #1{% + \chapoddpage + \vbox{\chapfonts \raggedtitlesettings #1\par}% + \nobreak\bigskip\nobreak +} +\def\chfopen #1#2{\chapoddpage {\chapfonts +\vbox to 3in{\vfil \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #2} \hbox to\hsize{\hfil #1} \vfil}}% +\par\penalty 5000 % +} +\def\centerchfopen #1{% + \chapoddpage + \vbox{\chapfonts \raggedtitlesettings \hfill #1\hfill}% + \nobreak\bigskip \nobreak +} +\def\CHAPFopen{% + \global\let\chapmacro=\chfopen + \global\let\centerchapmacro=\centerchfopen} + + +% Section titles. These macros combine the section number parts and +% call the generic \sectionheading to do the printing. +% +\newskip\secheadingskip +\def\secheadingbreak{\dobreak \secheadingskip{-1000}} + +% Subsection titles. +\newskip\subsecheadingskip +\def\subsecheadingbreak{\dobreak \subsecheadingskip{-500}} + +% Subsubsection titles. +\def\subsubsecheadingskip{\subsecheadingskip} +\def\subsubsecheadingbreak{\subsecheadingbreak} + + +% Print any size, any type, section title. +% +% #1 is the text, #2 is the section level (sec/subsec/subsubsec), #3 is +% the section type for xrefs (Ynumbered, Ynothing, Yappendix), #4 is the +% section number. +% +\def\seckeyword{sec} +% +\def\sectionheading#1#2#3#4{% + {% + \checkenv{}% should not be in an environment. + % + % Switch to the right set of fonts. + \csname #2fonts\endcsname \rmisbold + % + \def\sectionlevel{#2}% + \def\temptype{#3}% + % + % Insert first mark before the heading break (see notes for \domark). + \let\prevsectiondefs=\lastsectiondefs + \ifx\temptype\Ynothingkeyword + \ifx\sectionlevel\seckeyword + \gdef\lastsectiondefs{\gdef\thissectionname{#1}\gdef\thissectionnum{}% + \gdef\thissection{\thissectionname}}% + \fi + \else\ifx\temptype\Yomitfromtockeyword + % Don't redefine \thissection. + \else\ifx\temptype\Yappendixkeyword + \ifx\sectionlevel\seckeyword + \toks0={#1}% + \xdef\lastsectiondefs{% + \gdef\noexpand\thissectionname{\the\toks0}% + \gdef\noexpand\thissectionnum{#4}% + % \noexpand\putwordSection avoids expanding indigestible + % commands in some of the translations. + \gdef\noexpand\thissection{\noexpand\putwordSection{} + \noexpand\thissectionnum: + \noexpand\thissectionname}% + }% + \fi + \else + \ifx\sectionlevel\seckeyword + \toks0={#1}% + \xdef\lastsectiondefs{% + \gdef\noexpand\thissectionname{\the\toks0}% + \gdef\noexpand\thissectionnum{#4}% + % \noexpand\putwordSection avoids expanding indigestible + % commands in some of the translations. + \gdef\noexpand\thissection{\noexpand\putwordSection{} + \noexpand\thissectionnum: + \noexpand\thissectionname}% + }% + \fi + \fi\fi\fi + % + % Go into vertical mode. Usually we'll already be there, but we + % don't want the following whatsit to end up in a preceding paragraph + % if the document didn't happen to have a blank line. + \par + % + % Output the mark. Pass it through \safewhatsit, to take care of + % the preceding space. + \safewhatsit\domark + % + % Insert space above the heading. + \csname #2headingbreak\endcsname + % + % Now the second mark, after the heading break. No break points + % between here and the heading. + \global\let\prevsectiondefs=\lastsectiondefs + \domark + % + % Only insert the space after the number if we have a section number. + \ifx\temptype\Ynothingkeyword + \setbox0 = \hbox{}% + \def\toctype{unn}% + \gdef\lastsection{#1}% + \else\ifx\temptype\Yomitfromtockeyword + % for @headings -- no section number, don't include in toc, + % and don't redefine \lastsection. + \setbox0 = \hbox{}% + \def\toctype{omit}% + \let\sectionlevel=\empty + \else\ifx\temptype\Yappendixkeyword + \setbox0 = \hbox{#4\enspace}% + \def\toctype{app}% + \gdef\lastsection{#1}% + \else + \setbox0 = \hbox{#4\enspace}% + \def\toctype{num}% + \gdef\lastsection{#1}% + \fi\fi\fi + % + % Write the toc entry (before \donoderef). See comments in \chapmacro. + \writetocentry{\toctype\sectionlevel}{#1}{#4}% + % + % Write the node reference (= pdf destination for pdftex). + % Again, see comments in \chapmacro. + \donoderef{#3}% + % + % Interline glue will be inserted when the vbox is completed. + % That glue will be a valid breakpoint for the page, since it'll be + % preceded by a whatsit (usually from the \donoderef, or from the + % \writetocentry if there was no node). We don't want to allow that + % break, since then the whatsits could end up on page n while the + % section is on page n+1, thus toc/etc. are wrong. Debian bug 276000. + \nobreak + % + % Output the actual section heading. + \vbox{\hyphenpenalty=10000 \tolerance=5000 \parindent=0pt \ptexraggedright + \hangindent=\wd0 % zero if no section number + \unhbox0 #1}% + }% + % Add extra space after the heading -- half of whatever came above it. + % Don't allow stretch, though. + \kern .5 \csname #2headingskip\endcsname + % + % Do not let the kern be a potential breakpoint, as it would be if it + % was followed by glue. + \nobreak + % + % We'll almost certainly start a paragraph next, so don't let that + % glue accumulate. (Not a breakpoint because it's preceded by a + % discardable item.) However, when a paragraph is not started next + % (\startdefun, \cartouche, \center, etc.), this needs to be wiped out + % or the negative glue will cause weirdly wrong output, typically + % obscuring the section heading with something else. + \vskip-\parskip + % + % This is so the last item on the main vertical list is a known + % \penalty > 10000, so \startdefun, etc., can recognize the situation + % and do the needful. + \penalty 10001 +} + + +\message{toc,} +% Table of contents. +\newwrite\tocfile + +% Write an entry to the toc file, opening it if necessary. +% Called from @chapter, etc. +% +% Example usage: \writetocentry{sec}{Section Name}{\the\chapno.\the\secno} +% We append the current node name (if any) and page number as additional +% arguments for the \{chap,sec,...}entry macros which will eventually +% read this. The node name is used in the pdf outlines as the +% destination to jump to. +% +% We open the .toc file for writing here instead of at @setfilename (or +% any other fixed time) so that @contents can be anywhere in the document. +% But if #1 is `omit', then we don't do anything. This is used for the +% table of contents chapter openings themselves. +% +\newif\iftocfileopened +\def\omitkeyword{omit}% +% +\def\writetocentry#1#2#3{% + \edef\writetoctype{#1}% + \ifx\writetoctype\omitkeyword \else + \iftocfileopened\else + \immediate\openout\tocfile = \jobname.toc + \global\tocfileopenedtrue + \fi + % + \iflinks + {\atdummies + \edef\temp{% + \write\tocfile{@#1entry{#2}{#3}{\lastnode}{\noexpand\folio}}}% + \temp + }% + \fi + \fi + % + % Tell \shipout to create a pdf destination on each page, if we're + % writing pdf. These are used in the table of contents. We can't + % just write one on every page because the title pages are numbered + % 1 and 2 (the page numbers aren't printed), and so are the first + % two pages of the document. Thus, we'd have two destinations named + % `1', and two named `2'. + \ifpdf \global\pdfmakepagedesttrue \fi +} + + +% These characters do not print properly in the Computer Modern roman +% fonts, so we must take special care. This is more or less redundant +% with the Texinfo input format setup at the end of this file. +% +\def\activecatcodes{% + \catcode`\"=\active + \catcode`\$=\active + \catcode`\<=\active + \catcode`\>=\active + \catcode`\\=\active + \catcode`\^=\active + \catcode`\_=\active + \catcode`\|=\active + \catcode`\~=\active +} + + +% Read the toc file, which is essentially Texinfo input. +\def\readtocfile{% + \setupdatafile + \activecatcodes + \input \tocreadfilename +} + +\newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in +\newcount\savepageno +\newcount\lastnegativepageno \lastnegativepageno = -1 + +% Prepare to read what we've written to \tocfile. +% +\def\startcontents#1{% + % If @setchapternewpage on, and @headings double, the contents should + % start on an odd page, unlike chapters. Thus, we maintain + % \contentsalignmacro in parallel with \pagealignmacro. + % From: Torbjorn Granlund + \contentsalignmacro + \immediate\closeout\tocfile + % + % Don't need to put `Contents' or `Short Contents' in the headline. + % It is abundantly clear what they are. + \chapmacro{#1}{Yomitfromtoc}{}% + % + \savepageno = \pageno + \begingroup % Set up to handle contents files properly. + \raggedbottom % Worry more about breakpoints than the bottom. + \advance\hsize by -\contentsrightmargin % Don't use the full line length. + % + % Roman numerals for page numbers. + \ifnum \pageno>0 \global\pageno = \lastnegativepageno \fi +} + +% redefined for the two-volume lispref. We always output on +% \jobname.toc even if this is redefined. +% +\def\tocreadfilename{\jobname.toc} + +% Normal (long) toc. +% +\def\contents{% + \startcontents{\putwordTOC}% + \openin 1 \tocreadfilename\space + \ifeof 1 \else + \readtocfile + \fi + \vfill \eject + \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect + \ifeof 1 \else + \pdfmakeoutlines + \fi + \closein 1 + \endgroup + \lastnegativepageno = \pageno + \global\pageno = \savepageno +} + +% And just the chapters. +\def\summarycontents{% + \startcontents{\putwordShortTOC}% + % + \let\partentry = \shortpartentry + \let\numchapentry = \shortchapentry + \let\appentry = \shortchapentry + \let\unnchapentry = \shortunnchapentry + % We want a true roman here for the page numbers. + \secfonts + \let\rm=\shortcontrm \let\bf=\shortcontbf + \let\sl=\shortcontsl \let\tt=\shortconttt + \rm + \hyphenpenalty = 10000 + \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little. + \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{} + \let\appsecentry = \numsecentry + \let\unnsecentry = \numsecentry + \let\numsubsecentry = \numsecentry + \let\appsubsecentry = \numsecentry + \let\unnsubsecentry = \numsecentry + \let\numsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry + \let\appsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry + \let\unnsubsubsecentry = \numsecentry + \openin 1 \tocreadfilename\space + \ifeof 1 \else + \readtocfile + \fi + \closein 1 + \vfill \eject + \contentsalignmacro % in case @setchapternewpage odd is in effect + \endgroup + \lastnegativepageno = \pageno + \global\pageno = \savepageno +} +\let\shortcontents = \summarycontents + +% Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents. +% The arg is, e.g., `A' for an appendix, or `3' for a chapter. +% +\def\shortchaplabel#1{% + % This space should be enough, since a single number is .5em, and the + % widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts. + % But use \hss just in case. + % (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after + % the label; that gets put in by \shortchapentry above.) + % + % We'd like to right-justify chapter numbers, but that looks strange + % with appendix letters. And right-justifying numbers and + % left-justifying letters looks strange when there is less than 10 + % chapters. Have to read the whole toc once to know how many chapters + % there are before deciding ... + \hbox to 1em{#1\hss}% +} + +% These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents. +% The first argument is the chapter or section name. +% The last argument is the page number. +% The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ... + +% Parts, in the main contents. Replace the part number, which doesn't +% exist, with an empty box. Let's hope all the numbers have the same width. +% Also ignore the page number, which is conventionally not printed. +\def\numeralbox{\setbox0=\hbox{8}\hbox to \wd0{\hfil}} +\def\partentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{\numeralbox\labelspace#1}{}} +% +% Parts, in the short toc. +\def\shortpartentry#1#2#3#4{% + \penalty-300 + \vskip.5\baselineskip plus.15\baselineskip minus.1\baselineskip + \shortchapentry{{\bf #1}}{\numeralbox}{}{}% +} + +% Chapters, in the main contents. +\def\numchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}} +% +% Chapters, in the short toc. +% See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings. +\def\shortchapentry#1#2#3#4{% + \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}% +} + +% Appendices, in the main contents. +% Need the word Appendix, and a fixed-size box. +% +\def\appendixbox#1{% + % We use M since it's probably the widest letter. + \setbox0 = \hbox{\putwordAppendix{} M}% + \hbox to \wd0{\putwordAppendix{} #1\hss}} +% +\def\appentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{\appendixbox{#2}\labelspace#1}{#4}} + +% Unnumbered chapters. +\def\unnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#1}{#4}} +\def\shortunnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}} + +% Sections. +\def\numsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}} +\let\appsecentry=\numsecentry +\def\unnsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#1}{#4}} + +% Subsections. +\def\numsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}} +\let\appsubsecentry=\numsubsecentry +\def\unnsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#4}} + +% And subsubsections. +\def\numsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}} +\let\appsubsubsecentry=\numsubsubsecentry +\def\unnsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#4}} + +% This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels. +% Same as \defaultparindent. +\newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 15pt + +% Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the +% page number. +% +% If the toc has to be broken over pages, we want it to be at chapters +% if at all possible; hence the \penalty. +\def\dochapentry#1#2{% + \penalty-300 \vskip1\baselineskip plus.33\baselineskip minus.25\baselineskip + \begingroup + \chapentryfonts + \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}% + \endgroup + \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip plus.1\baselineskip +} + +\def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup + \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent + \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}% +\endgroup} + +\def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup + \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent + \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}% +\endgroup} + +\def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup + \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent + \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}% +\endgroup} + +% We use the same \entry macro as for the index entries. +\let\tocentry = \entry + +% Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title. +\def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax} + +\def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}} +\def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}} + +\def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm} +\def\secentryfonts{\textfonts} +\def\subsecentryfonts{\textfonts} +\def\subsubsecentryfonts{\textfonts} + + +\message{environments,} +% @foo ... @end foo. + +% @tex ... @end tex escapes into raw TeX temporarily. +% One exception: @ is still an escape character, so that @end tex works. +% But \@ or @@ will get a plain @ character. + +\envdef\tex{% + \setupmarkupstyle{tex}% + \catcode `\\=0 \catcode `\{=1 \catcode `\}=2 + \catcode `\$=3 \catcode `\&=4 \catcode `\#=6 + \catcode `\^=7 \catcode `\_=8 \catcode `\~=\active \let~=\tie + \catcode `\%=14 + \catcode `\+=\other + \catcode `\"=\other + \catcode `\|=\other + \catcode `\<=\other + \catcode `\>=\other + \catcode `\`=\other + \catcode `\'=\other + \escapechar=`\\ + % + % ' is active in math mode (mathcode"8000). So reset it, and all our + % other math active characters (just in case), to plain's definitions. + \mathactive + % + \let\b=\ptexb + \let\bullet=\ptexbullet + \let\c=\ptexc + \let\,=\ptexcomma + \let\.=\ptexdot + \let\dots=\ptexdots + \let\equiv=\ptexequiv + \let\!=\ptexexclam + \let\i=\ptexi + \let\indent=\ptexindent + \let\noindent=\ptexnoindent + \let\{=\ptexlbrace + \let\+=\tabalign + \let\}=\ptexrbrace + \let\/=\ptexslash + \let\*=\ptexstar + \let\t=\ptext + \expandafter \let\csname top\endcsname=\ptextop % we've made it outer + \let\frenchspacing=\plainfrenchspacing + % + \def\endldots{\mathinner{\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots}}% + \def\enddots{\relax\ifmmode\endldots\else$\mathsurround=0pt \endldots\,$\fi}% + \def\@{@}% +} +% There is no need to define \Etex. + +% Define @lisp ... @end lisp. +% @lisp environment forms a group so it can rebind things, +% including the definition of @end lisp (which normally is erroneous). + +% Amount to narrow the margins by for @lisp. +\newskip\lispnarrowing \lispnarrowing=0.4in + +% This is the definition that ^^M gets inside @lisp, @example, and other +% such environments. \null is better than a space, since it doesn't +% have any width. +\def\lisppar{\null\endgraf} + +% This space is always present above and below environments. +\newskip\envskipamount \envskipamount = 0pt + +% Make spacing and below environment symmetrical. We use \parskip here +% to help in doing that, since in @example-like environments \parskip +% is reset to zero; thus the \afterenvbreak inserts no space -- but the +% start of the next paragraph will insert \parskip. +% +\def\aboveenvbreak{{% + % =10000 instead of <10000 because of a special case in \itemzzz and + % \sectionheading, q.v. + \ifnum \lastpenalty=10000 \else + \advance\envskipamount by \parskip + \endgraf + \ifdim\lastskip<\envskipamount + \removelastskip + % it's not a good place to break if the last penalty was \nobreak + % or better ... + \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000 \penalty-50 \fi + \vskip\envskipamount + \fi + \fi +}} + +\let\afterenvbreak = \aboveenvbreak + +% \nonarrowing is a flag. If "set", @lisp etc don't narrow margins; it will +% also clear it, so that its embedded environments do the narrowing again. +\let\nonarrowing=\relax + +% @cartouche ... @end cartouche: draw rectangle w/rounded corners around +% environment contents. +\font\circle=lcircle10 +\newdimen\circthick +\newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner +\newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip +\circthick=\fontdimen8\circle +% +\def\ctl{{\circle\char'013\hskip -6pt}}% 6pt from pl file: 1/2charwidth +\def\ctr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'010}} +\def\cbl{{\circle\char'012\hskip -6pt}} +\def\cbr{{\hskip 6pt\circle\char'011}} +\def\carttop{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip + \ctl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\ctr + \hskip\rskip}} +\def\cartbot{\hbox to \cartouter{\hskip\lskip + \cbl\leaders\hrule height\circthick\hfil\cbr + \hskip\rskip}} +% +\newskip\lskip\newskip\rskip + +\envdef\cartouche{% + \ifhmode\par\fi % can't be in the midst of a paragraph. + \startsavinginserts + \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip + \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt % we want these *outside*. + \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip + \advance\cartinner by-\rskip + \cartouter=\hsize + \advance\cartouter by 18.4pt % allow for 3pt kerns on either + % side, and for 6pt waste from + % each corner char, and rule thickness + \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip + % Flag to tell @lisp, etc., not to narrow margin. + \let\nonarrowing = t% + % + % If this cartouche directly follows a sectioning command, we need the + % \parskip glue (backspaced over by default) or the cartouche can + % collide with the section heading. + \ifnum\lastpenalty>10000 \vskip\parskip \penalty\lastpenalty \fi + % + \vbox\bgroup + \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt + \carttop + \hbox\bgroup + \hskip\lskip + \vrule\kern3pt + \vbox\bgroup + \kern3pt + \hsize=\cartinner + \baselineskip=\normbskip + \lineskip=\normlskip + \parskip=\normpskip + \vskip -\parskip + \comment % For explanation, see the end of def\group. +} +\def\Ecartouche{% + \ifhmode\par\fi + \kern3pt + \egroup + \kern3pt\vrule + \hskip\rskip + \egroup + \cartbot + \egroup + \checkinserts +} + + +% This macro is called at the beginning of all the @example variants, +% inside a group. +\newdimen\nonfillparindent +\def\nonfillstart{% + \aboveenvbreak + \ifdim\hfuzz < 12pt \hfuzz = 12pt \fi % Don't be fussy + \sepspaces % Make spaces be word-separators rather than space tokens. + \let\par = \lisppar % don't ignore blank lines + \obeylines % each line of input is a line of output + \parskip = 0pt + % Turn off paragraph indentation but redefine \indent to emulate + % the normal \indent. + \nonfillparindent=\parindent + \parindent = 0pt + \let\indent\nonfillindent + % + \emergencystretch = 0pt % don't try to avoid overfull boxes + \ifx\nonarrowing\relax + \advance \leftskip by \lispnarrowing + \exdentamount=\lispnarrowing + \else + \let\nonarrowing = \relax + \fi + \let\exdent=\nofillexdent +} + +\begingroup +\obeyspaces +% We want to swallow spaces (but not other tokens) after the fake +% @indent in our nonfill-environments, where spaces are normally +% active and set to @tie, resulting in them not being ignored after +% @indent. +\gdef\nonfillindent{\futurelet\temp\nonfillindentcheck}% +\gdef\nonfillindentcheck{% +\ifx\temp % +\expandafter\nonfillindentgobble% +\else% +\leavevmode\nonfillindentbox% +\fi% +}% +\endgroup +\def\nonfillindentgobble#1{\nonfillindent} +\def\nonfillindentbox{\hbox to \nonfillparindent{\hss}} + +% If you want all examples etc. small: @set dispenvsize small. +% If you want even small examples the full size: @set dispenvsize nosmall. +% This affects the following displayed environments: +% @example, @display, @format, @lisp +% +\def\smallword{small} +\def\nosmallword{nosmall} +\let\SETdispenvsize\relax +\def\setnormaldispenv{% + \ifx\SETdispenvsize\smallword + % end paragraph for sake of leading, in case document has no blank + % line. This is redundant with what happens in \aboveenvbreak, but + % we need to do it before changing the fonts, and it's inconvenient + % to change the fonts afterward. + \ifnum \lastpenalty=10000 \else \endgraf \fi + \smallexamplefonts \rm + \fi +} +\def\setsmalldispenv{% + \ifx\SETdispenvsize\nosmallword + \else + \ifnum \lastpenalty=10000 \else \endgraf \fi + \smallexamplefonts \rm + \fi +} + +% We often define two environments, @foo and @smallfoo. +% Let's do it in one command. #1 is the env name, #2 the definition. +\def\makedispenvdef#1#2{% + \expandafter\envdef\csname#1\endcsname {\setnormaldispenv #2}% + \expandafter\envdef\csname small#1\endcsname {\setsmalldispenv #2}% + \expandafter\let\csname E#1\endcsname \afterenvbreak + \expandafter\let\csname Esmall#1\endcsname \afterenvbreak +} + +% Define two environment synonyms (#1 and #2) for an environment. +\def\maketwodispenvdef#1#2#3{% + \makedispenvdef{#1}{#3}% + \makedispenvdef{#2}{#3}% +} +% +% @lisp: indented, narrowed, typewriter font; +% @example: same as @lisp. +% +% @smallexample and @smalllisp: use smaller fonts. +% Originally contributed by Pavel@xerox. +% +\maketwodispenvdef{lisp}{example}{% + \nonfillstart + \tt\setupmarkupstyle{example}% + \let\kbdfont = \kbdexamplefont % Allow @kbd to do something special. + \gobble % eat return +} +% @display/@smalldisplay: same as @lisp except keep current font. +% +\makedispenvdef{display}{% + \nonfillstart + \gobble +} + +% @format/@smallformat: same as @display except don't narrow margins. +% +\makedispenvdef{format}{% + \let\nonarrowing = t% + \nonfillstart + \gobble +} + +% @flushleft: same as @format, but doesn't obey \SETdispenvsize. +\envdef\flushleft{% + \let\nonarrowing = t% + \nonfillstart + \gobble +} +\let\Eflushleft = \afterenvbreak + +% @flushright. +% +\envdef\flushright{% + \let\nonarrowing = t% + \nonfillstart + \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill\relax + \gobble +} +\let\Eflushright = \afterenvbreak + + +% @raggedright does more-or-less normal line breaking but no right +% justification. From plain.tex. +\envdef\raggedright{% + \rightskip0pt plus2em \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em\relax +} +\let\Eraggedright\par + +\envdef\raggedleft{% + \parindent=0pt \leftskip0pt plus2em + \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em \parfillskip=0pt + \hbadness=10000 % Last line will usually be underfull, so turn off + % badness reporting. +} +\let\Eraggedleft\par + +\envdef\raggedcenter{% + \parindent=0pt \rightskip0pt plus1em \leftskip0pt plus1em + \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em \parfillskip=0pt + \hbadness=10000 % Last line will usually be underfull, so turn off + % badness reporting. +} +\let\Eraggedcenter\par + + +% @quotation does normal linebreaking (hence we can't use \nonfillstart) +% and narrows the margins. We keep \parskip nonzero in general, since +% we're doing normal filling. So, when using \aboveenvbreak and +% \afterenvbreak, temporarily make \parskip 0. +% +\makedispenvdef{quotation}{\quotationstart} +% +\def\quotationstart{% + \indentedblockstart % same as \indentedblock, but increase right margin too. + \ifx\nonarrowing\relax + \advance\rightskip by \lispnarrowing + \fi + \parsearg\quotationlabel +} + +% We have retained a nonzero parskip for the environment, since we're +% doing normal filling. +% +\def\Equotation{% + \par + \ifx\quotationauthor\thisisundefined\else + % indent a bit. + \leftline{\kern 2\leftskip \sl ---\quotationauthor}% + \fi + {\parskip=0pt \afterenvbreak}% +} +\def\Esmallquotation{\Equotation} + +% If we're given an argument, typeset it in bold with a colon after. +\def\quotationlabel#1{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\empty \else + {\bf #1: }% + \fi +} + +% @indentedblock is like @quotation, but indents only on the left and +% has no optional argument. +% +\makedispenvdef{indentedblock}{\indentedblockstart} +% +\def\indentedblockstart{% + {\parskip=0pt \aboveenvbreak}% because \aboveenvbreak inserts \parskip + \parindent=0pt + % + % @cartouche defines \nonarrowing to inhibit narrowing at next level down. + \ifx\nonarrowing\relax + \advance\leftskip by \lispnarrowing + \exdentamount = \lispnarrowing + \else + \let\nonarrowing = \relax + \fi +} + +% Keep a nonzero parskip for the environment, since we're doing normal filling. +% +\def\Eindentedblock{% + \par + {\parskip=0pt \afterenvbreak}% +} +\def\Esmallindentedblock{\Eindentedblock} + + +% LaTeX-like @verbatim...@end verbatim and @verb{...} +% If we want to allow any as delimiter, +% we need the curly braces so that makeinfo sees the @verb command, eg: +% `@verbx...x' would look like the '@verbx' command. --janneke@gnu.org +% +% [Knuth]: Donald Ervin Knuth, 1996. The TeXbook. +% +% [Knuth] p.344; only we need to do the other characters Texinfo sets +% active too. Otherwise, they get lost as the first character on a +% verbatim line. +\def\dospecials{% + \do\ \do\\\do\{\do\}\do\$\do\&% + \do\#\do\^\do\^^K\do\_\do\^^A\do\%\do\~% + \do\<\do\>\do\|\do\@\do+\do\"% + % Don't do the quotes -- if we do, @set txicodequoteundirected and + % @set txicodequotebacktick will not have effect on @verb and + % @verbatim, and ?` and !` ligatures won't get disabled. + %\do\`\do\'% +} +% +% [Knuth] p. 380 +\def\uncatcodespecials{% + \def\do##1{\catcode`##1=\other}\dospecials} +% +% Setup for the @verb command. +% +% Eight spaces for a tab +\begingroup + \catcode`\^^I=\active + \gdef\tabeightspaces{\catcode`\^^I=\active\def^^I{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }} +\endgroup +% +\def\setupverb{% + \tt % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim + \def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}% + \setupmarkupstyle{verb}% + \tabeightspaces + % Respect line breaks, + % print special symbols as themselves, and + % make each space count + % must do in this order: + \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \sepspaces +} + +% Setup for the @verbatim environment +% +% Real tab expansion. +\newdimen\tabw \setbox0=\hbox{\tt\space} \tabw=8\wd0 % tab amount +% +% We typeset each line of the verbatim in an \hbox, so we can handle +% tabs. The \global is in case the verbatim line starts with an accent, +% or some other command that starts with a begin-group. Otherwise, the +% entire \verbbox would disappear at the corresponding end-group, before +% it is typeset. Meanwhile, we can't have nested verbatim commands +% (can we?), so the \global won't be overwriting itself. +\newbox\verbbox +\def\starttabbox{\global\setbox\verbbox=\hbox\bgroup} +% +\begingroup + \catcode`\^^I=\active + \gdef\tabexpand{% + \catcode`\^^I=\active + \def^^I{\leavevmode\egroup + \dimen\verbbox=\wd\verbbox % the width so far, or since the previous tab + \divide\dimen\verbbox by\tabw + \multiply\dimen\verbbox by\tabw % compute previous multiple of \tabw + \advance\dimen\verbbox by\tabw % advance to next multiple of \tabw + \wd\verbbox=\dimen\verbbox \box\verbbox \starttabbox + }% + } +\endgroup + +% start the verbatim environment. +\def\setupverbatim{% + \let\nonarrowing = t% + \nonfillstart + \tt % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim + % The \leavevmode here is for blank lines. Otherwise, we would + % never \starttabox and the \egroup would end verbatim mode. + \def\par{\leavevmode\egroup\box\verbbox\endgraf}% + \tabexpand + \setupmarkupstyle{verbatim}% + % Respect line breaks, + % print special symbols as themselves, and + % make each space count. + % Must do in this order: + \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \sepspaces + \everypar{\starttabbox}% +} + +% Do the @verb magic: verbatim text is quoted by unique +% delimiter characters. Before first delimiter expect a +% right brace, after last delimiter expect closing brace: +% +% \def\doverb'{'#1'}'{#1} +% +% [Knuth] p. 382; only eat outer {} +\begingroup + \catcode`[=1\catcode`]=2\catcode`\{=\other\catcode`\}=\other + \gdef\doverb{#1[\def\next##1#1}[##1\endgroup]\next] +\endgroup +% +\def\verb{\begingroup\setupverb\doverb} +% +% +% Do the @verbatim magic: define the macro \doverbatim so that +% the (first) argument ends when '@end verbatim' is reached, ie: +% +% \def\doverbatim#1@end verbatim{#1} +% +% For Texinfo it's a lot easier than for LaTeX, +% because texinfo's \verbatim doesn't stop at '\end{verbatim}': +% we need not redefine '\', '{' and '}'. +% +% Inspired by LaTeX's verbatim command set [latex.ltx] +% +\begingroup + \catcode`\ =\active + \obeylines % + % ignore everything up to the first ^^M, that's the newline at the end + % of the @verbatim input line itself. Otherwise we get an extra blank + % line in the output. + \xdef\doverbatim#1^^M#2@end verbatim{#2\noexpand\end\gobble verbatim}% + % We really want {...\end verbatim} in the body of the macro, but + % without the active space; thus we have to use \xdef and \gobble. +\endgroup +% +\envdef\verbatim{% + \setupverbatim\doverbatim +} +\let\Everbatim = \afterenvbreak + + +% @verbatiminclude FILE - insert text of file in verbatim environment. +% +\def\verbatiminclude{\parseargusing\filenamecatcodes\doverbatiminclude} +% +\def\doverbatiminclude#1{% + {% + \makevalueexpandable + \setupverbatim + \indexnofonts % Allow `@@' and other weird things in file names. + \wlog{texinfo.tex: doing @verbatiminclude of #1^^J}% + \input #1 + \afterenvbreak + }% +} + +% @copying ... @end copying. +% Save the text away for @insertcopying later. +% +% We save the uninterpreted tokens, rather than creating a box. +% Saving the text in a box would be much easier, but then all the +% typesetting commands (@smallbook, font changes, etc.) have to be done +% beforehand -- and a) we want @copying to be done first in the source +% file; b) letting users define the frontmatter in as flexible order as +% possible is very desirable. +% +\def\copying{\checkenv{}\begingroup\scanargctxt\docopying} +\def\docopying#1@end copying{\endgroup\def\copyingtext{#1}} +% +\def\insertcopying{% + \begingroup + \parindent = 0pt % paragraph indentation looks wrong on title page + \scanexp\copyingtext + \endgroup +} + + +\message{defuns,} +% @defun etc. + +\newskip\defbodyindent \defbodyindent=.4in +\newskip\defargsindent \defargsindent=50pt +\newskip\deflastargmargin \deflastargmargin=18pt +\newcount\defunpenalty + +% Start the processing of @deffn: +\def\startdefun{% + \ifnum\lastpenalty<10000 + \medbreak + \defunpenalty=10003 % Will keep this @deffn together with the + % following @def command, see below. + \else + % If there are two @def commands in a row, we'll have a \nobreak, + % which is there to keep the function description together with its + % header. But if there's nothing but headers, we need to allow a + % break somewhere. Check specifically for penalty 10002, inserted + % by \printdefunline, instead of 10000, since the sectioning + % commands also insert a nobreak penalty, and we don't want to allow + % a break between a section heading and a defun. + % + % As a further refinement, we avoid "club" headers by signalling + % with penalty of 10003 after the very first @deffn in the + % sequence (see above), and penalty of 10002 after any following + % @def command. + \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty2000 \else \defunpenalty=10002 \fi + % + % Similarly, after a section heading, do not allow a break. + % But do insert the glue. + \medskip % preceded by discardable penalty, so not a breakpoint + \fi + % + \parindent=0in + \advance\leftskip by \defbodyindent + \exdentamount=\defbodyindent +} + +\def\dodefunx#1{% + % First, check whether we are in the right environment: + \checkenv#1% + % + % As above, allow line break if we have multiple x headers in a row. + % It's not a great place, though. + \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty3000 \else \defunpenalty=10002 \fi + % + % And now, it's time to reuse the body of the original defun: + \expandafter\gobbledefun#1% +} +\def\gobbledefun#1\startdefun{} + +% \printdefunline \deffnheader{text} +% +\def\printdefunline#1#2{% + \begingroup + % call \deffnheader: + #1#2 \endheader + % common ending: + \interlinepenalty = 10000 + \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil\relax + \endgraf + \nobreak\vskip -\parskip + \penalty\defunpenalty % signal to \startdefun and \dodefunx + % Some of the @defun-type tags do not enable magic parentheses, + % rendering the following check redundant. But we don't optimize. + \checkparencounts + \endgroup +} + +\def\Edefun{\endgraf\medbreak} + +% \makedefun{deffn} creates \deffn, \deffnx and \Edeffn; +% the only thing remaining is to define \deffnheader. +% +\def\makedefun#1{% + \expandafter\let\csname E#1\endcsname = \Edefun + \edef\temp{\noexpand\domakedefun + \makecsname{#1}\makecsname{#1x}\makecsname{#1header}}% + \temp +} + +% \domakedefun \deffn \deffnx \deffnheader +% +% Define \deffn and \deffnx, without parameters. +% \deffnheader has to be defined explicitly. +% +\def\domakedefun#1#2#3{% + \envdef#1{% + \startdefun + \doingtypefnfalse % distinguish typed functions from all else + \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline#3}% + }% + \def#2{\dodefunx#1}% + \def#3% +} + +\newif\ifdoingtypefn % doing typed function? +\newif\ifrettypeownline % typeset return type on its own line? + +% @deftypefnnewline on|off says whether the return type of typed functions +% are printed on their own line. This affects @deftypefn, @deftypefun, +% @deftypeop, and @deftypemethod. +% +\parseargdef\deftypefnnewline{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\onword + \expandafter\let\csname SETtxideftypefnnl\endcsname + = \empty + \else\ifx\temp\offword + \expandafter\let\csname SETtxideftypefnnl\endcsname + = \relax + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @txideftypefnnl value `\temp', + must be on|off}% + \fi\fi +} + +% Untyped functions: + +% @deffn category name args +\makedefun{deffn}{\deffngeneral{}} + +% @deffn category class name args +\makedefun{defop}#1 {\defopon{#1\ \putwordon}} + +% \defopon {category on}class name args +\def\defopon#1#2 {\deffngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} } + +% \deffngeneral {subind}category name args +% +\def\deffngeneral#1#2 #3 #4\endheader{% + % Remember that \dosubind{fn}{foo}{} is equivalent to \doind{fn}{foo}. + \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{#1}% + \defname{#2}{}{#3}\magicamp\defunargs{#4\unskip}% +} + +% Typed functions: + +% @deftypefn category type name args +\makedefun{deftypefn}{\deftypefngeneral{}} + +% @deftypeop category class type name args +\makedefun{deftypeop}#1 {\deftypeopon{#1\ \putwordon}} + +% \deftypeopon {category on}class type name args +\def\deftypeopon#1#2 {\deftypefngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} } + +% \deftypefngeneral {subind}category type name args +% +\def\deftypefngeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{% + \dosubind{fn}{\code{#4}}{#1}% + \doingtypefntrue + \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}% +} + +% Typed variables: + +% @deftypevr category type var args +\makedefun{deftypevr}{\deftypecvgeneral{}} + +% @deftypecv category class type var args +\makedefun{deftypecv}#1 {\deftypecvof{#1\ \putwordof}} + +% \deftypecvof {category of}class type var args +\def\deftypecvof#1#2 {\deftypecvgeneral{\putwordof\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} } + +% \deftypecvgeneral {subind}category type var args +% +\def\deftypecvgeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{% + \dosubind{vr}{\code{#4}}{#1}% + \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}% +} + +% Untyped variables: + +% @defvr category var args +\makedefun{defvr}#1 {\deftypevrheader{#1} {} } + +% @defcv category class var args +\makedefun{defcv}#1 {\defcvof{#1\ \putwordof}} + +% \defcvof {category of}class var args +\def\defcvof#1#2 {\deftypecvof{#1}#2 {} } + +% Types: + +% @deftp category name args +\makedefun{deftp}#1 #2 #3\endheader{% + \doind{tp}{\code{#2}}% + \defname{#1}{}{#2}\defunargs{#3\unskip}% +} + +% Remaining @defun-like shortcuts: +\makedefun{defun}{\deffnheader{\putwordDeffunc} } +\makedefun{defmac}{\deffnheader{\putwordDefmac} } +\makedefun{defspec}{\deffnheader{\putwordDefspec} } +\makedefun{deftypefun}{\deftypefnheader{\putwordDeffunc} } +\makedefun{defvar}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefvar} } +\makedefun{defopt}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefopt} } +\makedefun{deftypevar}{\deftypevrheader{\putwordDefvar} } +\makedefun{defmethod}{\defopon\putwordMethodon} +\makedefun{deftypemethod}{\deftypeopon\putwordMethodon} +\makedefun{defivar}{\defcvof\putwordInstanceVariableof} +\makedefun{deftypeivar}{\deftypecvof\putwordInstanceVariableof} + +% \defname, which formats the name of the @def (not the args). +% #1 is the category, such as "Function". +% #2 is the return type, if any. +% #3 is the function name. +% +% We are followed by (but not passed) the arguments, if any. +% +\def\defname#1#2#3{% + \par + % Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were outside the @def... + \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent + % + % Determine if we are typesetting the return type of a typed function + % on a line by itself. + \rettypeownlinefalse + \ifdoingtypefn % doing a typed function specifically? + % then check user option for putting return type on its own line: + \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxideftypefnnl\endcsname\relax \else + \rettypeownlinetrue + \fi + \fi + % + % How we'll format the category name. Putting it in brackets helps + % distinguish it from the body text that may end up on the next line + % just below it. + \def\temp{#1}% + \setbox0=\hbox{\kern\deflastargmargin \ifx\temp\empty\else [\rm\temp]\fi} + % + % Figure out line sizes for the paragraph shape. We'll always have at + % least two. + \tempnum = 2 + % + % The first line needs space for \box0; but if \rightskip is nonzero, + % we need only space for the part of \box0 which exceeds it: + \dimen0=\hsize \advance\dimen0 by -\wd0 \advance\dimen0 by \rightskip + % + % If doing a return type on its own line, we'll have another line. + \ifrettypeownline + \advance\tempnum by 1 + \def\maybeshapeline{0in \hsize}% + \else + \def\maybeshapeline{}% + \fi + % + % The continuations: + \dimen2=\hsize \advance\dimen2 by -\defargsindent + % + % The final paragraph shape: + \parshape \tempnum 0in \dimen0 \maybeshapeline \defargsindent \dimen2 + % + % Put the category name at the right margin. + \noindent + \hbox to 0pt{% + \hfil\box0 \kern-\hsize + % \hsize has to be shortened this way: + \kern\leftskip + % Intentionally do not respect \rightskip, since we need the space. + }% + % + % Allow all lines to be underfull without complaint: + \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000 + \exdentamount=\defbodyindent + {% + % defun fonts. We use typewriter by default (used to be bold) because: + % . we're printing identifiers, they should be in tt in principle. + % . in languages with many accents, such as Czech or French, it's + % common to leave accents off identifiers. The result looks ok in + % tt, but exceedingly strange in rm. + % . we don't want -- and --- to be treated as ligatures. + % . this still does not fix the ?` and !` ligatures, but so far no + % one has made identifiers using them :). + \df \tt + \def\temp{#2}% text of the return type + \ifx\temp\empty\else + \tclose{\temp}% typeset the return type + \ifrettypeownline + % put return type on its own line; prohibit line break following: + \hfil\vadjust{\nobreak}\break + \else + \space % type on same line, so just followed by a space + \fi + \fi % no return type + #3% output function name + }% + {\rm\enskip}% hskip 0.5 em of \tenrm + % + \boldbrax + % arguments will be output next, if any. +} + +% Print arguments in slanted roman (not ttsl), inconsistently with using +% tt for the name. This is because literal text is sometimes needed in +% the argument list (groff manual), and ttsl and tt are not very +% distinguishable. Prevent hyphenation at `-' chars. +% +\def\defunargs#1{% + % use sl by default (not ttsl), + % tt for the names. + \df \sl \hyphenchar\font=0 + % + % On the other hand, if an argument has two dashes (for instance), we + % want a way to get ttsl. We used to recommend @var for that, so + % leave the code in, but it's strange for @var to lead to typewriter. + % Nowadays we recommend @code, since the difference between a ttsl hyphen + % and a tt hyphen is pretty tiny. @code also disables ?` !`. + \def\var##1{{\setupmarkupstyle{var}\ttslanted{##1}}}% + #1% + \sl\hyphenchar\font=45 +} + +% We want ()&[] to print specially on the defun line. +% +\def\activeparens{% + \catcode`\(=\active \catcode`\)=\active + \catcode`\[=\active \catcode`\]=\active + \catcode`\&=\active +} + +% Make control sequences which act like normal parenthesis chars. +\let\lparen = ( \let\rparen = ) + +% Be sure that we always have a definition for `(', etc. For example, +% if the fn name has parens in it, \boldbrax will not be in effect yet, +% so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence. +{ + \activeparens + \global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen + \global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack + \global\let& = \& + + \gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb} + \gdef\magicamp{\let&=\amprm} +} + +\newcount\parencount + +% If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards +\newif\ifampseen +\def\amprm#1 {\ampseentrue{\bf\ }} + +\def\parenfont{% + \ifampseen + % At the first level, print parens in roman, + % otherwise use the default font. + \ifnum \parencount=1 \rm \fi + \else + % The \sf parens (in \boldbrax) actually are a little bolder than + % the contained text. This is especially needed for [ and ] . + \sf + \fi +} +\def\infirstlevel#1{% + \ifampseen + \ifnum\parencount=1 + #1% + \fi + \fi +} +\def\bfafterword#1 {#1 \bf} + +\def\opnr{% + \global\advance\parencount by 1 + {\parenfont(}% + \infirstlevel \bfafterword +} +\def\clnr{% + {\parenfont)}% + \infirstlevel \sl + \global\advance\parencount by -1 +} + +\newcount\brackcount +\def\lbrb{% + \global\advance\brackcount by 1 + {\bf[}% +} +\def\rbrb{% + {\bf]}% + \global\advance\brackcount by -1 +} + +\def\checkparencounts{% + \ifnum\parencount=0 \else \badparencount \fi + \ifnum\brackcount=0 \else \badbrackcount \fi +} +% these should not use \errmessage; the glibc manual, at least, actually +% has such constructs (when documenting function pointers). +\def\badparencount{% + \message{Warning: unbalanced parentheses in @def...}% + \global\parencount=0 +} +\def\badbrackcount{% + \message{Warning: unbalanced square brackets in @def...}% + \global\brackcount=0 +} + + +\message{macros,} +% @macro. + +% To do this right we need a feature of e-TeX, \scantokens, +% which we arrange to emulate with a temporary file in ordinary TeX. +\ifx\eTeXversion\thisisundefined + \newwrite\macscribble + \def\scantokens#1{% + \toks0={#1}% + \immediate\openout\macscribble=\jobname.tmp + \immediate\write\macscribble{\the\toks0}% + \immediate\closeout\macscribble + \input \jobname.tmp + } +\fi + +\def\scanmacro#1{\begingroup + \newlinechar`\^^M + \let\xeatspaces\eatspaces + % + % Undo catcode changes of \startcontents and \doprintindex + % When called from @insertcopying or (short)caption, we need active + % backslash to get it printed correctly. Previously, we had + % \catcode`\\=\other instead. We'll see whether a problem appears + % with macro expansion. --kasal, 19aug04 + \catcode`\@=0 \catcode`\\=\active \escapechar=`\@ + % + % ... and for \example: + \spaceisspace + % + % The \empty here causes a following catcode 5 newline to be eaten as + % part of reading whitespace after a control sequence. It does not + % eat a catcode 13 newline. There's no good way to handle the two + % cases (untried: maybe e-TeX's \everyeof could help, though plain TeX + % would then have different behavior). See the Macro Details node in + % the manual for the workaround we recommend for macros and + % line-oriented commands. + % + \scantokens{#1\empty}% +\endgroup} + +\def\scanexp#1{% + \edef\temp{\noexpand\scanmacro{#1}}% + \temp +} + +\newcount\paramno % Count of parameters +\newtoks\macname % Macro name +\newif\ifrecursive % Is it recursive? + +% List of all defined macros in the form +% \definedummyword\macro1\definedummyword\macro2... +% Currently is also contains all @aliases; the list can be split +% if there is a need. +\def\macrolist{} + +% Add the macro to \macrolist +\def\addtomacrolist#1{\expandafter \addtomacrolistxxx \csname#1\endcsname} +\def\addtomacrolistxxx#1{% + \toks0 = \expandafter{\macrolist\definedummyword#1}% + \xdef\macrolist{\the\toks0}% +} + +% Utility routines. +% This does \let #1 = #2, with \csnames; that is, +% \let \csname#1\endcsname = \csname#2\endcsname +% (except of course we have to play expansion games). +% +\def\cslet#1#2{% + \expandafter\let + \csname#1\expandafter\endcsname + \csname#2\endcsname +} + +% Trim leading and trailing spaces off a string. +% Concepts from aro-bend problem 15 (see CTAN). +{\catcode`\@=11 +\gdef\eatspaces #1{\expandafter\trim@\expandafter{#1 }} +\gdef\trim@ #1{\trim@@ @#1 @ #1 @ @@} +\gdef\trim@@ #1@ #2@ #3@@{\trim@@@\empty #2 @} +\def\unbrace#1{#1} +\unbrace{\gdef\trim@@@ #1 } #2@{#1} +} + +% Trim a single trailing ^^M off a string. +{\catcode`\^^M=\other \catcode`\Q=3% +\gdef\eatcr #1{\eatcra #1Q^^MQ}% +\gdef\eatcra#1^^MQ{\eatcrb#1Q}% +\gdef\eatcrb#1Q#2Q{#1}% +} + +% Macro bodies are absorbed as an argument in a context where +% all characters are catcode 10, 11 or 12, except \ which is active +% (as in normal texinfo). It is necessary to change the definition of \ +% to recognize macro arguments; this is the job of \mbodybackslash. +% +% Non-ASCII encodings make 8-bit characters active, so un-activate +% them to avoid their expansion. Must do this non-globally, to +% confine the change to the current group. +% +% It's necessary to have hard CRs when the macro is executed. This is +% done by making ^^M (\endlinechar) catcode 12 when reading the macro +% body, and then making it the \newlinechar in \scanmacro. +% +\def\scanctxt{% used as subroutine + \catcode`\"=\other + \catcode`\+=\other + \catcode`\<=\other + \catcode`\>=\other + \catcode`\@=\other + \catcode`\^=\other + \catcode`\_=\other + \catcode`\|=\other + \catcode`\~=\other + \ifx\declaredencoding\ascii \else \setnonasciicharscatcodenonglobal\other \fi +} + +\def\scanargctxt{% used for copying and captions, not macros. + \scanctxt + \catcode`\\=\other + \catcode`\^^M=\other +} + +\def\macrobodyctxt{% used for @macro definitions + \scanctxt + \catcode`\{=\other + \catcode`\}=\other + \catcode`\^^M=\other + \usembodybackslash +} + +\def\macroargctxt{% used when scanning invocations + \scanctxt + \catcode`\\=0 +} +% why catcode 0 for \ in the above? To recognize \\ \{ \} as "escapes" +% for the single characters \ { }. Thus, we end up with the "commands" +% that would be written @\ @{ @} in a Texinfo document. +% +% We already have @{ and @}. For @\, we define it here, and only for +% this purpose, to produce a typewriter backslash (so, the @\ that we +% define for @math can't be used with @macro calls): +% +\def\\{\normalbackslash}% +% +% We would like to do this for \, too, since that is what makeinfo does. +% But it is not possible, because Texinfo already has a command @, for a +% cedilla accent. Documents must use @comma{} instead. +% +% \anythingelse will almost certainly be an error of some kind. + + +% \mbodybackslash is the definition of \ in @macro bodies. +% It maps \foo\ => \csname macarg.foo\endcsname => #N +% where N is the macro parameter number. +% We define \csname macarg.\endcsname to be \realbackslash, so +% \\ in macro replacement text gets you a backslash. +% +{\catcode`@=0 @catcode`@\=@active + @gdef@usembodybackslash{@let\=@mbodybackslash} + @gdef@mbodybackslash#1\{@csname macarg.#1@endcsname} +} +\expandafter\def\csname macarg.\endcsname{\realbackslash} + +\def\margbackslash#1{\char`\#1 } + +\def\macro{\recursivefalse\parsearg\macroxxx} +\def\rmacro{\recursivetrue\parsearg\macroxxx} + +\def\macroxxx#1{% + \getargs{#1}% now \macname is the macname and \argl the arglist + \ifx\argl\empty % no arguments + \paramno=0\relax + \else + \expandafter\parsemargdef \argl;% + \if\paramno>256\relax + \ifx\eTeXversion\thisisundefined + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{You need eTeX to compile a file with macros with more than 256 arguments} + \fi + \fi + \fi + \if1\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname + \message{Warning: redefining \the\macname}% + \else + \expandafter\ifx\csname \the\macname\endcsname \relax + \else \errmessage{Macro name \the\macname\space already defined}\fi + \global\cslet{macsave.\the\macname}{\the\macname}% + \global\expandafter\let\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname=1% + \addtomacrolist{\the\macname}% + \fi + \begingroup \macrobodyctxt + \ifrecursive \expandafter\parsermacbody + \else \expandafter\parsemacbody + \fi} + +\parseargdef\unmacro{% + \if1\csname ismacro.#1\endcsname + \global\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}% + \global\expandafter\let \csname ismacro.#1\endcsname=0% + % Remove the macro name from \macrolist: + \begingroup + \expandafter\let\csname#1\endcsname \relax + \let\definedummyword\unmacrodo + \xdef\macrolist{\macrolist}% + \endgroup + \else + \errmessage{Macro #1 not defined}% + \fi +} + +% Called by \do from \dounmacro on each macro. The idea is to omit any +% macro definitions that have been changed to \relax. +% +\def\unmacrodo#1{% + \ifx #1\relax + % remove this + \else + \noexpand\definedummyword \noexpand#1% + \fi +} + +% This makes use of the obscure feature that if the last token of a +% is #, then the preceding argument is delimited by +% an opening brace, and that opening brace is not consumed. +\def\getargs#1{\getargsxxx#1{}} +\def\getargsxxx#1#{\getmacname #1 \relax\getmacargs} +\def\getmacname#1 #2\relax{\macname={#1}} +\def\getmacargs#1{\def\argl{#1}} + +% For macro processing make @ a letter so that we can make Texinfo private macro names. +\edef\texiatcatcode{\the\catcode`\@} +\catcode `@=11\relax + +% Parse the optional {params} list. Set up \paramno and \paramlist +% so \defmacro knows what to do. Define \macarg.BLAH for each BLAH +% in the params list to some hook where the argument si to be expanded. If +% there are less than 10 arguments that hook is to be replaced by ##N where N +% is the position in that list, that is to say the macro arguments are to be +% defined `a la TeX in the macro body. +% +% That gets used by \mbodybackslash (above). +% +% We need to get `macro parameter char #' into several definitions. +% The technique used is stolen from LaTeX: let \hash be something +% unexpandable, insert that wherever you need a #, and then redefine +% it to # just before using the token list produced. +% +% The same technique is used to protect \eatspaces till just before +% the macro is used. +% +% If there are 10 or more arguments, a different technique is used, where the +% hook remains in the body, and when macro is to be expanded the body is +% processed again to replace the arguments. +% +% In that case, the hook is \the\toks N-1, and we simply set \toks N-1 to the +% argument N value and then \edef the body (nothing else will expand because of +% the catcode regime underwhich the body was input). +% +% If you compile with TeX (not eTeX), and you have macros with 10 or more +% arguments, you need that no macro has more than 256 arguments, otherwise an +% error is produced. +\def\parsemargdef#1;{% + \paramno=0\def\paramlist{}% + \let\hash\relax + \let\xeatspaces\relax + \parsemargdefxxx#1,;,% + % In case that there are 10 or more arguments we parse again the arguments + % list to set new definitions for the \macarg.BLAH macros corresponding to + % each BLAH argument. It was anyhow needed to parse already once this list + % in order to count the arguments, and as macros with at most 9 arguments + % are by far more frequent than macro with 10 or more arguments, defining + % twice the \macarg.BLAH macros does not cost too much processing power. + \ifnum\paramno<10\relax\else + \paramno0\relax + \parsemmanyargdef@@#1,;,% 10 or more arguments + \fi +} +\def\parsemargdefxxx#1,{% + \if#1;\let\next=\relax + \else \let\next=\parsemargdefxxx + \advance\paramno by 1 + \expandafter\edef\csname macarg.\eatspaces{#1}\endcsname + {\xeatspaces{\hash\the\paramno}}% + \edef\paramlist{\paramlist\hash\the\paramno,}% + \fi\next} + +\def\parsemmanyargdef@@#1,{% + \if#1;\let\next=\relax + \else + \let\next=\parsemmanyargdef@@ + \edef\tempb{\eatspaces{#1}}% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\tempa + \expandafter{\csname macarg.\tempb\endcsname}% + % Note that we need some extra \noexpand\noexpand, this is because we + % don't want \the to be expanded in the \parsermacbody as it uses an + % \xdef . + \expandafter\edef\tempa + {\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\the\toks\the\paramno}% + \advance\paramno by 1\relax + \fi\next} + +% These two commands read recursive and nonrecursive macro bodies. +% (They're different since rec and nonrec macros end differently.) +% + +\catcode `\@\texiatcatcode +\long\def\parsemacbody#1@end macro% +{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}% +\long\def\parsermacbody#1@end rmacro% +{\xdef\temp{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}% +\catcode `\@=11\relax + +\let\endargs@\relax +\let\nil@\relax +\def\nilm@{\nil@}% +\long\def\nillm@{\nil@}% + +% This macro is expanded during the Texinfo macro expansion, not during its +% definition. It gets all the arguments values and assigns them to macros +% macarg.ARGNAME +% +% #1 is the macro name +% #2 is the list of argument names +% #3 is the list of argument values +\def\getargvals@#1#2#3{% + \def\macargdeflist@{}% + \def\saveparamlist@{#2}% Need to keep a copy for parameter expansion. + \def\paramlist{#2,\nil@}% + \def\macroname{#1}% + \begingroup + \macroargctxt + \def\argvaluelist{#3,\nil@}% + \def\@tempa{#3}% + \ifx\@tempa\empty + \setemptyargvalues@ + \else + \getargvals@@ + \fi +} + +% +\def\getargvals@@{% + \ifx\paramlist\nilm@ + % Some sanity check needed here that \argvaluelist is also empty. + \ifx\argvaluelist\nillm@ + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Too many arguments in macro `\macroname'!}% + \fi + \let\next\macargexpandinbody@ + \else + \ifx\argvaluelist\nillm@ + % No more arguments values passed to macro. Set remaining named-arg + % macros to empty. + \let\next\setemptyargvalues@ + \else + % pop current arg name into \@tempb + \def\@tempa##1{\pop@{\@tempb}{\paramlist}##1\endargs@}% + \expandafter\@tempa\expandafter{\paramlist}% + % pop current argument value into \@tempc + \def\@tempa##1{\longpop@{\@tempc}{\argvaluelist}##1\endargs@}% + \expandafter\@tempa\expandafter{\argvaluelist}% + % Here \@tempb is the current arg name and \@tempc is the current arg value. + % First place the new argument macro definition into \@tempd + \expandafter\macname\expandafter{\@tempc}% + \expandafter\let\csname macarg.\@tempb\endcsname\relax + \expandafter\def\expandafter\@tempe\expandafter{% + \csname macarg.\@tempb\endcsname}% + \edef\@tempd{\long\def\@tempe{\the\macname}}% + \push@\@tempd\macargdeflist@ + \let\next\getargvals@@ + \fi + \fi + \next +} + +\def\push@#1#2{% + \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\def + \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter#2% + \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{% + \expandafter#1#2}% +} + +% Replace arguments by their values in the macro body, and place the result +% in macro \@tempa +\def\macvalstoargs@{% + % To do this we use the property that token registers that are \the'ed + % within an \edef expand only once. So we are going to place all argument + % values into respective token registers. + % + % First we save the token context, and initialize argument numbering. + \begingroup + \paramno0\relax + % Then, for each argument number #N, we place the corresponding argument + % value into a new token list register \toks#N + \expandafter\putargsintokens@\saveparamlist@,;,% + % Then, we expand the body so that argument are replaced by their + % values. The trick for values not to be expanded themselves is that they + % are within tokens and that tokens expand only once in an \edef . + \edef\@tempc{\csname mac.\macroname .body\endcsname}% + % Now we restore the token stack pointer to free the token list registers + % which we have used, but we make sure that expanded body is saved after + % group. + \expandafter + \endgroup + \expandafter\def\expandafter\@tempa\expandafter{\@tempc}% + } + +\def\macargexpandinbody@{% + %% Define the named-macro outside of this group and then close this group. + \expandafter + \endgroup + \macargdeflist@ + % First the replace in body the macro arguments by their values, the result + % is in \@tempa . + \macvalstoargs@ + % Then we point at the \norecurse or \gobble (for recursive) macro value + % with \@tempb . + \expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempb\csname mac.\macroname .recurse\endcsname + % Depending on whether it is recursive or not, we need some tailing + % \egroup . + \ifx\@tempb\gobble + \let\@tempc\relax + \else + \let\@tempc\egroup + \fi + % And now we do the real job: + \edef\@tempd{\noexpand\@tempb{\macroname}\noexpand\scanmacro{\@tempa}\@tempc}% + \@tempd +} + +\def\putargsintokens@#1,{% + \if#1;\let\next\relax + \else + \let\next\putargsintokens@ + % First we allocate the new token list register, and give it a temporary + % alias \@tempb . + \toksdef\@tempb\the\paramno + % Then we place the argument value into that token list register. + \expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempa\csname macarg.#1\endcsname + \expandafter\@tempb\expandafter{\@tempa}% + \advance\paramno by 1\relax + \fi + \next +} + +% Save the token stack pointer into macro #1 +\def\texisavetoksstackpoint#1{\edef#1{\the\@cclvi}} +% Restore the token stack pointer from number in macro #1 +\def\texirestoretoksstackpoint#1{\expandafter\mathchardef\expandafter\@cclvi#1\relax} +% newtoks that can be used non \outer . +\def\texinonouternewtoks{\alloc@ 5\toks \toksdef \@cclvi} + +% Tailing missing arguments are set to empty +\def\setemptyargvalues@{% + \ifx\paramlist\nilm@ + \let\next\macargexpandinbody@ + \else + \expandafter\setemptyargvaluesparser@\paramlist\endargs@ + \let\next\setemptyargvalues@ + \fi + \next +} + +\def\setemptyargvaluesparser@#1,#2\endargs@{% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\@tempa\expandafter{% + \expandafter\def\csname macarg.#1\endcsname{}}% + \push@\@tempa\macargdeflist@ + \def\paramlist{#2}% +} + +% #1 is the element target macro +% #2 is the list macro +% #3,#4\endargs@ is the list value +\def\pop@#1#2#3,#4\endargs@{% + \def#1{#3}% + \def#2{#4}% +} +\long\def\longpop@#1#2#3,#4\endargs@{% + \long\def#1{#3}% + \long\def#2{#4}% +} + +% This defines a Texinfo @macro. There are eight cases: recursive and +% nonrecursive macros of zero, one, up to nine, and many arguments. +% Much magic with \expandafter here. +% \xdef is used so that macro definitions will survive the file +% they're defined in; @include reads the file inside a group. +% +\def\defmacro{% + \let\hash=##% convert placeholders to macro parameter chars + \ifrecursive + \ifcase\paramno + % 0 + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% + \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}% + \or % 1 + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% + \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt + \noexpand\braceorline + \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{% + \egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}% + \else + \ifnum\paramno<10\relax % at most 9 + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% + \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt + \noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}% + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\xdef + \expandafter\expandafter + \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname + \paramlist{\egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}}% + \else % 10 or more + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% + \noexpand\getargvals@{\the\macname}{\argl}% + }% + \global\expandafter\let\csname mac.\the\macname .body\endcsname\temp + \global\expandafter\let\csname mac.\the\macname .recurse\endcsname\gobble + \fi + \fi + \else + \ifcase\paramno + % 0 + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% + \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}% + \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}% + \or % 1 + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% + \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt + \noexpand\braceorline + \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname##1{% + \egroup + \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}% + \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}% + \else % at most 9 + \ifnum\paramno<10\relax + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% + \bgroup\noexpand\macroargctxt + \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname xx\endcsname##1{% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname ##1,}% + \expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\xdef + \expandafter\expandafter + \csname\the\macname xxx\endcsname + \paramlist{% + \egroup + \noexpand\norecurse{\the\macname}% + \noexpand\scanmacro{\temp}\egroup}% + \else % 10 or more: + \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{% + \noexpand\getargvals@{\the\macname}{\argl}% + }% + \global\expandafter\let\csname mac.\the\macname .body\endcsname\temp + \global\expandafter\let\csname mac.\the\macname .recurse\endcsname\norecurse + \fi + \fi + \fi} + +\catcode `\@\texiatcatcode\relax + +\def\norecurse#1{\bgroup\cslet{#1}{macsave.#1}} + +% \braceorline decides whether the next nonwhitespace character is a +% {. If so it reads up to the closing }, if not, it reads the whole +% line. Whatever was read is then fed to the next control sequence +% as an argument (by \parsebrace or \parsearg). +% +\def\braceorline#1{\let\macnamexxx=#1\futurelet\nchar\braceorlinexxx} +\def\braceorlinexxx{% + \ifx\nchar\bgroup\else + \expandafter\parsearg + \fi \macnamexxx} + + +% @alias. +% We need some trickery to remove the optional spaces around the equal +% sign. Make them active and then expand them all to nothing. +% +\def\alias{\parseargusing\obeyspaces\aliasxxx} +\def\aliasxxx #1{\aliasyyy#1\relax} +\def\aliasyyy #1=#2\relax{% + {% + \expandafter\let\obeyedspace=\empty + \addtomacrolist{#1}% + \xdef\next{\global\let\makecsname{#1}=\makecsname{#2}}% + }% + \next +} + + +\message{cross references,} + +\newwrite\auxfile +\newif\ifhavexrefs % True if xref values are known. +\newif\ifwarnedxrefs % True if we warned once that they aren't known. + +% @inforef is relatively simple. +\def\inforef #1{\inforefzzz #1,,,,**} +\def\inforefzzz #1,#2,#3,#4**{% + \putwordSee{} \putwordInfo{} \putwordfile{} \file{\ignorespaces #3{}}, + node \samp{\ignorespaces#1{}}} + +% @node's only job in TeX is to define \lastnode, which is used in +% cross-references. The @node line might or might not have commas, and +% might or might not have spaces before the first comma, like: +% @node foo , bar , ... +% We don't want such trailing spaces in the node name. +% +\parseargdef\node{\checkenv{}\donode #1 ,\finishnodeparse} +% +% also remove a trailing comma, in case of something like this: +% @node Help-Cross, , , Cross-refs +\def\donode#1 ,#2\finishnodeparse{\dodonode #1,\finishnodeparse} +\def\dodonode#1,#2\finishnodeparse{\gdef\lastnode{#1}} + +\let\nwnode=\node +\let\lastnode=\empty + +% Write a cross-reference definition for the current node. #1 is the +% type (Ynumbered, Yappendix, Ynothing). +% +\def\donoderef#1{% + \ifx\lastnode\empty\else + \setref{\lastnode}{#1}% + \global\let\lastnode=\empty + \fi +} + +% @anchor{NAME} -- define xref target at arbitrary point. +% +\newcount\savesfregister +% +\def\savesf{\relax \ifhmode \savesfregister=\spacefactor \fi} +\def\restoresf{\relax \ifhmode \spacefactor=\savesfregister \fi} +\def\anchor#1{\savesf \setref{#1}{Ynothing}\restoresf \ignorespaces} + +% \setref{NAME}{SNT} defines a cross-reference point NAME (a node or an +% anchor), which consists of three parts: +% 1) NAME-title - the current sectioning name taken from \lastsection, +% or the anchor name. +% 2) NAME-snt - section number and type, passed as the SNT arg, or +% empty for anchors. +% 3) NAME-pg - the page number. +% +% This is called from \donoderef, \anchor, and \dofloat. In the case of +% floats, there is an additional part, which is not written here: +% 4) NAME-lof - the text as it should appear in a @listoffloats. +% +\def\setref#1#2{% + \pdfmkdest{#1}% + \iflinks + {% + \atdummies % preserve commands, but don't expand them + \edef\writexrdef##1##2{% + \write\auxfile{@xrdef{#1-% #1 of \setref, expanded by the \edef + ##1}{##2}}% these are parameters of \writexrdef + }% + \toks0 = \expandafter{\lastsection}% + \immediate \writexrdef{title}{\the\toks0 }% + \immediate \writexrdef{snt}{\csname #2\endcsname}% \Ynumbered etc. + \safewhatsit{\writexrdef{pg}{\folio}}% will be written later, at \shipout + }% + \fi +} + +% @xrefautosectiontitle on|off says whether @section(ing) names are used +% automatically in xrefs, if the third arg is not explicitly specified. +% This was provided as a "secret" @set xref-automatic-section-title +% variable, now it's official. +% +\parseargdef\xrefautomaticsectiontitle{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \ifx\temp\onword + \expandafter\let\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname + = \empty + \else\ifx\temp\offword + \expandafter\let\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname + = \relax + \else + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Unknown @xrefautomaticsectiontitle value `\temp', + must be on|off}% + \fi\fi +} + +% +% @xref, @pxref, and @ref generate cross-references. For \xrefX, #1 is +% the node name, #2 the name of the Info cross-reference, #3 the printed +% node name, #4 the name of the Info file, #5 the name of the printed +% manual. All but the node name can be omitted. +% +\def\pxref#1{\putwordsee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} +\def\xref#1{\putwordSee{} \xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} +\def\ref#1{\xrefX[#1,,,,,,,]} +% +\newbox\toprefbox +\newbox\printedrefnamebox +\newbox\infofilenamebox +\newbox\printedmanualbox +% +\def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup + \unsepspaces + % + % Get args without leading/trailing spaces. + \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #3}% + \setbox\printedrefnamebox = \hbox{\printedrefname\unskip}% + % + \def\infofilename{\ignorespaces #4}% + \setbox\infofilenamebox = \hbox{\infofilename\unskip}% + % + \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}% + \setbox\printedmanualbox = \hbox{\printedmanual\unskip}% + % + % If the printed reference name (arg #3) was not explicitly given in + % the @xref, figure out what we want to use. + \ifdim \wd\printedrefnamebox = 0pt + % No printed node name was explicitly given. + \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname \relax + % Not auto section-title: use node name inside the square brackets. + \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}% + \else + % Auto section-title: use chapter/section title inside + % the square brackets if we have it. + \ifdim \wd\printedmanualbox > 0pt + % It is in another manual, so we don't have it; use node name. + \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}% + \else + \ifhavexrefs + % We (should) know the real title if we have the xref values. + \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}{}}% + \else + % Otherwise just copy the Info node name. + \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}% + \fi% + \fi + \fi + \fi + % + % Make link in pdf output. + \ifpdf + {\indexnofonts + \turnoffactive + \makevalueexpandable + % This expands tokens, so do it after making catcode changes, so _ + % etc. don't get their TeX definitions. This ignores all spaces in + % #4, including (wrongly) those in the middle of the filename. + \getfilename{#4}% + % + % This (wrongly) does not take account of leading or trailing + % spaces in #1, which should be ignored. + \edef\pdfxrefdest{#1}% + \ifx\pdfxrefdest\empty + \def\pdfxrefdest{Top}% no empty targets + \else + \txiescapepdf\pdfxrefdest % escape PDF special chars + \fi + % + \leavevmode + \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}% + \ifnum\filenamelength>0 + goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{\pdfxrefdest}% + \else + goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfxrefdest}}% + \fi + }% + \setcolor{\linkcolor}% + \fi + % + % Float references are printed completely differently: "Figure 1.2" + % instead of "[somenode], p.3". We distinguish them by the + % LABEL-title being set to a magic string. + {% + % Have to otherify everything special to allow the \csname to + % include an _ in the xref name, etc. + \indexnofonts + \turnoffactive + \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\expandafter\Xthisreftitle + \csname XR#1-title\endcsname + }% + \iffloat\Xthisreftitle + % If the user specified the print name (third arg) to the ref, + % print it instead of our usual "Figure 1.2". + \ifdim\wd\printedrefnamebox = 0pt + \refx{#1-snt}{}% + \else + \printedrefname + \fi + % + % If the user also gave the printed manual name (fifth arg), append + % "in MANUALNAME". + \ifdim \wd\printedmanualbox > 0pt + \space \putwordin{} \cite{\printedmanual}% + \fi + \else + % node/anchor (non-float) references. + % + % If we use \unhbox to print the node names, TeX does not insert + % empty discretionaries after hyphens, which means that it will not + % find a line break at a hyphen in a node names. Since some manuals + % are best written with fairly long node names, containing hyphens, + % this is a loss. Therefore, we give the text of the node name + % again, so it is as if TeX is seeing it for the first time. + % + \ifdim \wd\printedmanualbox > 0pt + % Cross-manual reference with a printed manual name. + % + \crossmanualxref{\cite{\printedmanual\unskip}}% + % + \else\ifdim \wd\infofilenamebox > 0pt + % Cross-manual reference with only an info filename (arg 4), no + % printed manual name (arg 5). This is essentially the same as + % the case above; we output the filename, since we have nothing else. + % + \crossmanualxref{\code{\infofilename\unskip}}% + % + \else + % Reference within this manual. + % + % _ (for example) has to be the character _ for the purposes of the + % control sequence corresponding to the node, but it has to expand + % into the usual \leavevmode...\vrule stuff for purposes of + % printing. So we \turnoffactive for the \refx-snt, back on for the + % printing, back off for the \refx-pg. + {\turnoffactive + % Only output a following space if the -snt ref is nonempty; for + % @unnumbered and @anchor, it won't be. + \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \refx{#1-snt}{}}% + \ifdim \wd2 > 0pt \refx{#1-snt}\space\fi + }% + % output the `[mynode]' via the macro below so it can be overridden. + \xrefprintnodename\printedrefname + % + % But we always want a comma and a space: + ,\space + % + % output the `page 3'. + \turnoffactive \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}{}% + \fi\fi + \fi + \endlink +\endgroup} + +% Output a cross-manual xref to #1. Used just above (twice). +% +% Only include the text "Section ``foo'' in" if the foo is neither +% missing or Top. Thus, @xref{,,,foo,The Foo Manual} outputs simply +% "see The Foo Manual", the idea being to refer to the whole manual. +% +% But, this being TeX, we can't easily compare our node name against the +% string "Top" while ignoring the possible spaces before and after in +% the input. By adding the arbitrary 7sp below, we make it much less +% likely that a real node name would have the same width as "Top" (e.g., +% in a monospaced font). Hopefully it will never happen in practice. +% +% For the same basic reason, we retypeset the "Top" at every +% reference, since the current font is indeterminate. +% +\def\crossmanualxref#1{% + \setbox\toprefbox = \hbox{Top\kern7sp}% + \setbox2 = \hbox{\ignorespaces \printedrefname \unskip \kern7sp}% + \ifdim \wd2 > 7sp % nonempty? + \ifdim \wd2 = \wd\toprefbox \else % same as Top? + \putwordSection{} ``\printedrefname'' \putwordin{}\space + \fi + \fi + #1% +} + +% This macro is called from \xrefX for the `[nodename]' part of xref +% output. It's a separate macro only so it can be changed more easily, +% since square brackets don't work well in some documents. Particularly +% one that Bob is working on :). +% +\def\xrefprintnodename#1{[#1]} + +% Things referred to by \setref. +% +\def\Ynothing{} +\def\Yomitfromtoc{} +\def\Ynumbered{% + \ifnum\secno=0 + \putwordChapter@tie \the\chapno + \else \ifnum\subsecno=0 + \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno + \else \ifnum\subsubsecno=0 + \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno + \else + \putwordSection@tie \the\chapno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno + \fi\fi\fi +} +\def\Yappendix{% + \ifnum\secno=0 + \putwordAppendix@tie @char\the\appendixno{}% + \else \ifnum\subsecno=0 + \putwordSection@tie @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno + \else \ifnum\subsubsecno=0 + \putwordSection@tie @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno + \else + \putwordSection@tie + @char\the\appendixno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno + \fi\fi\fi +} + +% Define \refx{NAME}{SUFFIX} to reference a cross-reference string named NAME. +% If its value is nonempty, SUFFIX is output afterward. +% +\def\refx#1#2{% + {% + \indexnofonts + \otherbackslash + \expandafter\global\expandafter\let\expandafter\thisrefX + \csname XR#1\endcsname + }% + \ifx\thisrefX\relax + % If not defined, say something at least. + \angleleft un\-de\-fined\angleright + \iflinks + \ifhavexrefs + {\toks0 = {#1}% avoid expansion of possibly-complex value + \message{\linenumber Undefined cross reference `\the\toks0'.}}% + \else + \ifwarnedxrefs\else + \global\warnedxrefstrue + \message{Cross reference values unknown; you must run TeX again.}% + \fi + \fi + \fi + \else + % It's defined, so just use it. + \thisrefX + \fi + #2% Output the suffix in any case. +} + +% This is the macro invoked by entries in the aux file. Usually it's +% just a \def (we prepend XR to the control sequence name to avoid +% collisions). But if this is a float type, we have more work to do. +% +\def\xrdef#1#2{% + {% The node name might contain 8-bit characters, which in our current + % implementation are changed to commands like @'e. Don't let these + % mess up the control sequence name. + \indexnofonts + \turnoffactive + \xdef\safexrefname{#1}% + }% + % + \expandafter\gdef\csname XR\safexrefname\endcsname{#2}% remember this xref + % + % Was that xref control sequence that we just defined for a float? + \expandafter\iffloat\csname XR\safexrefname\endcsname + % it was a float, and we have the (safe) float type in \iffloattype. + \expandafter\let\expandafter\floatlist + \csname floatlist\iffloattype\endcsname + % + % Is this the first time we've seen this float type? + \expandafter\ifx\floatlist\relax + \toks0 = {\do}% yes, so just \do + \else + % had it before, so preserve previous elements in list. + \toks0 = \expandafter{\floatlist\do}% + \fi + % + % Remember this xref in the control sequence \floatlistFLOATTYPE, + % for later use in \listoffloats. + \expandafter\xdef\csname floatlist\iffloattype\endcsname{\the\toks0 + {\safexrefname}}% + \fi +} + +% Read the last existing aux file, if any. No error if none exists. +% +\def\tryauxfile{% + \openin 1 \jobname.aux + \ifeof 1 \else + \readdatafile{aux}% + \global\havexrefstrue + \fi + \closein 1 +} + +\def\setupdatafile{% + \catcode`\^^@=\other + \catcode`\^^A=\other + \catcode`\^^B=\other + \catcode`\^^C=\other + \catcode`\^^D=\other + \catcode`\^^E=\other + \catcode`\^^F=\other + \catcode`\^^G=\other + \catcode`\^^H=\other + \catcode`\^^K=\other + \catcode`\^^L=\other + \catcode`\^^N=\other + \catcode`\^^P=\other + \catcode`\^^Q=\other + \catcode`\^^R=\other + \catcode`\^^S=\other + \catcode`\^^T=\other + \catcode`\^^U=\other + \catcode`\^^V=\other + \catcode`\^^W=\other + \catcode`\^^X=\other + \catcode`\^^Z=\other + \catcode`\^^[=\other + \catcode`\^^\=\other + \catcode`\^^]=\other + \catcode`\^^^=\other + \catcode`\^^_=\other + % It was suggested to set the catcode of ^ to 7, which would allow ^^e4 etc. + % in xref tags, i.e., node names. But since ^^e4 notation isn't + % supported in the main text, it doesn't seem desirable. Furthermore, + % that is not enough: for node names that actually contain a ^ + % character, we would end up writing a line like this: 'xrdef {'hat + % b-title}{'hat b} and \xrdef does a \csname...\endcsname on the first + % argument, and \hat is not an expandable control sequence. It could + % all be worked out, but why? Either we support ^^ or we don't. + % + % The other change necessary for this was to define \auxhat: + % \def\auxhat{\def^{'hat }}% extra space so ok if followed by letter + % and then to call \auxhat in \setq. + % + \catcode`\^=\other + % + % Special characters. Should be turned off anyway, but... + \catcode`\~=\other + \catcode`\[=\other + \catcode`\]=\other + \catcode`\"=\other + \catcode`\_=\other + \catcode`\|=\other + \catcode`\<=\other + \catcode`\>=\other + \catcode`\$=\other + \catcode`\#=\other + \catcode`\&=\other + \catcode`\%=\other + \catcode`+=\other % avoid \+ for paranoia even though we've turned it off + % + % This is to support \ in node names and titles, since the \ + % characters end up in a \csname. It's easier than + % leaving it active and making its active definition an actual \ + % character. What I don't understand is why it works in the *value* + % of the xrdef. Seems like it should be a catcode12 \, and that + % should not typeset properly. But it works, so I'm moving on for + % now. --karl, 15jan04. + \catcode`\\=\other + % + % Make the characters 128-255 be printing characters. + {% + \count1=128 + \def\loop{% + \catcode\count1=\other + \advance\count1 by 1 + \ifnum \count1<256 \loop \fi + }% + }% + % + % @ is our escape character in .aux files, and we need braces. + \catcode`\{=1 + \catcode`\}=2 + \catcode`\@=0 +} + +\def\readdatafile#1{% +\begingroup + \setupdatafile + \input\jobname.#1 +\endgroup} + + +\message{insertions,} +% including footnotes. + +\newcount \footnoteno + +% The trailing space in the following definition for supereject is +% vital for proper filling; pages come out unaligned when you do a +% pagealignmacro call if that space before the closing brace is +% removed. (Generally, numeric constants should always be followed by a +% space to prevent strange expansion errors.) +\def\supereject{\par\penalty -20000\footnoteno =0 } + +% @footnotestyle is meaningful for Info output only. +\let\footnotestyle=\comment + +{\catcode `\@=11 +% +% Auto-number footnotes. Otherwise like plain. +\gdef\footnote{% + \let\indent=\ptexindent + \let\noindent=\ptexnoindent + \global\advance\footnoteno by \@ne + \edef\thisfootno{$^{\the\footnoteno}$}% + % + % In case the footnote comes at the end of a sentence, preserve the + % extra spacing after we do the footnote number. + \let\@sf\empty + \ifhmode\edef\@sf{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\ptexslash\fi + % + % Remove inadvertent blank space before typesetting the footnote number. + \unskip + \thisfootno\@sf + \dofootnote +}% + +% Don't bother with the trickery in plain.tex to not require the +% footnote text as a parameter. Our footnotes don't need to be so general. +% +% Oh yes, they do; otherwise, @ifset (and anything else that uses +% \parseargline) fails inside footnotes because the tokens are fixed when +% the footnote is read. --karl, 16nov96. +% +\gdef\dofootnote{% + \insert\footins\bgroup + % We want to typeset this text as a normal paragraph, even if the + % footnote reference occurs in (for example) a display environment. + % So reset some parameters. + \hsize=\pagewidth + \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty + \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes + \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox + \floatingpenalty\@MM + \leftskip\z@skip + \rightskip\z@skip + \spaceskip\z@skip + \xspaceskip\z@skip + \parindent\defaultparindent + % + \smallfonts \rm + % + % Because we use hanging indentation in footnotes, a @noindent appears + % to exdent this text, so make it be a no-op. makeinfo does not use + % hanging indentation so @noindent can still be needed within footnote + % text after an @example or the like (not that this is good style). + \let\noindent = \relax + % + % Hang the footnote text off the number. Use \everypar in case the + % footnote extends for more than one paragraph. + \everypar = {\hang}% + \textindent{\thisfootno}% + % + % Don't crash into the line above the footnote text. Since this + % expands into a box, it must come within the paragraph, lest it + % provide a place where TeX can split the footnote. + \footstrut + % + % Invoke rest of plain TeX footnote routine. + \futurelet\next\fo@t +} +}%end \catcode `\@=11 + +% In case a @footnote appears in a vbox, save the footnote text and create +% the real \insert just after the vbox finished. Otherwise, the insertion +% would be lost. +% Similarly, if a @footnote appears inside an alignment, save the footnote +% text to a box and make the \insert when a row of the table is finished. +% And the same can be done for other insert classes. --kasal, 16nov03. + +% Replace the \insert primitive by a cheating macro. +% Deeper inside, just make sure that the saved insertions are not spilled +% out prematurely. +% +\def\startsavinginserts{% + \ifx \insert\ptexinsert + \let\insert\saveinsert + \else + \let\checkinserts\relax + \fi +} + +% This \insert replacement works for both \insert\footins{foo} and +% \insert\footins\bgroup foo\egroup, but it doesn't work for \insert27{foo}. +% +\def\saveinsert#1{% + \edef\next{\noexpand\savetobox \makeSAVEname#1}% + \afterassignment\next + % swallow the left brace + \let\temp = +} +\def\makeSAVEname#1{\makecsname{SAVE\expandafter\gobble\string#1}} +\def\savetobox#1{\global\setbox#1 = \vbox\bgroup \unvbox#1} + +\def\checksaveins#1{\ifvoid#1\else \placesaveins#1\fi} + +\def\placesaveins#1{% + \ptexinsert \csname\expandafter\gobblesave\string#1\endcsname + {\box#1}% +} + +% eat @SAVE -- beware, all of them have catcode \other: +{ + \def\dospecials{\do S\do A\do V\do E} \uncatcodespecials % ;-) + \gdef\gobblesave @SAVE{} +} + +% initialization: +\def\newsaveins #1{% + \edef\next{\noexpand\newsaveinsX \makeSAVEname#1}% + \next +} +\def\newsaveinsX #1{% + \csname newbox\endcsname #1% + \expandafter\def\expandafter\checkinserts\expandafter{\checkinserts + \checksaveins #1}% +} + +% initialize: +\let\checkinserts\empty +\newsaveins\footins +\newsaveins\margin + + +% @image. We use the macros from epsf.tex to support this. +% If epsf.tex is not installed and @image is used, we complain. +% +% Check for and read epsf.tex up front. If we read it only at @image +% time, we might be inside a group, and then its definitions would get +% undone and the next image would fail. +\openin 1 = epsf.tex +\ifeof 1 \else + % Do not bother showing banner with epsf.tex v2.7k (available in + % doc/epsf.tex and on ctan). + \def\epsfannounce{\toks0 = }% + \input epsf.tex +\fi +\closein 1 +% +% We will only complain once about lack of epsf.tex. +\newif\ifwarnednoepsf +\newhelp\noepsfhelp{epsf.tex must be installed for images to + work. It is also included in the Texinfo distribution, or you can get + it from ftp://tug.org/tex/epsf.tex.} +% +\def\image#1{% + \ifx\epsfbox\thisisundefined + \ifwarnednoepsf \else + \errhelp = \noepsfhelp + \errmessage{epsf.tex not found, images will be ignored}% + \global\warnednoepsftrue + \fi + \else + \imagexxx #1,,,,,\finish + \fi +} +% +% Arguments to @image: +% #1 is (mandatory) image filename; we tack on .eps extension. +% #2 is (optional) width, #3 is (optional) height. +% #4 is (ignored optional) html alt text. +% #5 is (ignored optional) extension. +% #6 is just the usual extra ignored arg for parsing stuff. +\newif\ifimagevmode +\def\imagexxx#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6\finish{\begingroup + \catcode`\^^M = 5 % in case we're inside an example + \normalturnoffactive % allow _ et al. in names + % If the image is by itself, center it. + \ifvmode + \imagevmodetrue + \else \ifx\centersub\centerV + % for @center @image, we need a vbox so we can have our vertical space + \imagevmodetrue + \vbox\bgroup % vbox has better behavior than vtop herev + \fi\fi + % + \ifimagevmode + \nobreak\medskip + % Usually we'll have text after the image which will insert + % \parskip glue, so insert it here too to equalize the space + % above and below. + \nobreak\vskip\parskip + \nobreak + \fi + % + % Leave vertical mode so that indentation from an enclosing + % environment such as @quotation is respected. + % However, if we're at the top level, we don't want the + % normal paragraph indentation. + % On the other hand, if we are in the case of @center @image, we don't + % want to start a paragraph, which will create a hsize-width box and + % eradicate the centering. + \ifx\centersub\centerV\else \noindent \fi + % + % Output the image. + \ifpdf + \dopdfimage{#1}{#2}{#3}% + \else + % \epsfbox itself resets \epsf?size at each figure. + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfxsize=#2\relax \fi + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #3}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \epsfysize=#3\relax \fi + \epsfbox{#1.eps}% + \fi + % + \ifimagevmode + \medskip % space after a standalone image + \fi + \ifx\centersub\centerV \egroup \fi +\endgroup} + + +% @float FLOATTYPE,LABEL,LOC ... @end float for displayed figures, tables, +% etc. We don't actually implement floating yet, we always include the +% float "here". But it seemed the best name for the future. +% +\envparseargdef\float{\eatcommaspace\eatcommaspace\dofloat#1, , ,\finish} + +% There may be a space before second and/or third parameter; delete it. +\def\eatcommaspace#1, {#1,} + +% #1 is the optional FLOATTYPE, the text label for this float, typically +% "Figure", "Table", "Example", etc. Can't contain commas. If omitted, +% this float will not be numbered and cannot be referred to. +% +% #2 is the optional xref label. Also must be present for the float to +% be referable. +% +% #3 is the optional positioning argument; for now, it is ignored. It +% will somehow specify the positions allowed to float to (here, top, bottom). +% +% We keep a separate counter for each FLOATTYPE, which we reset at each +% chapter-level command. +\let\resetallfloatnos=\empty +% +\def\dofloat#1,#2,#3,#4\finish{% + \let\thiscaption=\empty + \let\thisshortcaption=\empty + % + % don't lose footnotes inside @float. + % + % BEWARE: when the floats start float, we have to issue warning whenever an + % insert appears inside a float which could possibly float. --kasal, 26may04 + % + \startsavinginserts + % + % We can't be used inside a paragraph. + \par + % + \vtop\bgroup + \def\floattype{#1}% + \def\floatlabel{#2}% + \def\floatloc{#3}% we do nothing with this yet. + % + \ifx\floattype\empty + \let\safefloattype=\empty + \else + {% + % the floattype might have accents or other special characters, + % but we need to use it in a control sequence name. + \indexnofonts + \turnoffactive + \xdef\safefloattype{\floattype}% + }% + \fi + % + % If label is given but no type, we handle that as the empty type. + \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else + % We want each FLOATTYPE to be numbered separately (Figure 1, + % Table 1, Figure 2, ...). (And if no label, no number.) + % + \expandafter\getfloatno\csname\safefloattype floatno\endcsname + \global\advance\floatno by 1 + % + {% + % This magic value for \lastsection is output by \setref as the + % XREFLABEL-title value. \xrefX uses it to distinguish float + % labels (which have a completely different output format) from + % node and anchor labels. And \xrdef uses it to construct the + % lists of floats. + % + \edef\lastsection{\floatmagic=\safefloattype}% + \setref{\floatlabel}{Yfloat}% + }% + \fi + % + % start with \parskip glue, I guess. + \vskip\parskip + % + % Don't suppress indentation if a float happens to start a section. + \restorefirstparagraphindent +} + +% we have these possibilities: +% @float Foo,lbl & @caption{Cap}: Foo 1.1: Cap +% @float Foo,lbl & no caption: Foo 1.1 +% @float Foo & @caption{Cap}: Foo: Cap +% @float Foo & no caption: Foo +% @float ,lbl & Caption{Cap}: 1.1: Cap +% @float ,lbl & no caption: 1.1 +% @float & @caption{Cap}: Cap +% @float & no caption: +% +\def\Efloat{% + \let\floatident = \empty + % + % In all cases, if we have a float type, it comes first. + \ifx\floattype\empty \else \def\floatident{\floattype}\fi + % + % If we have an xref label, the number comes next. + \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else + \ifx\floattype\empty \else % if also had float type, need tie first. + \appendtomacro\floatident{\tie}% + \fi + % the number. + \appendtomacro\floatident{\chaplevelprefix\the\floatno}% + \fi + % + % Start the printed caption with what we've constructed in + % \floatident, but keep it separate; we need \floatident again. + \let\captionline = \floatident + % + \ifx\thiscaption\empty \else + \ifx\floatident\empty \else + \appendtomacro\captionline{: }% had ident, so need a colon between + \fi + % + % caption text. + \appendtomacro\captionline{\scanexp\thiscaption}% + \fi + % + % If we have anything to print, print it, with space before. + % Eventually this needs to become an \insert. + \ifx\captionline\empty \else + \vskip.5\parskip + \captionline + % + % Space below caption. + \vskip\parskip + \fi + % + % If have an xref label, write the list of floats info. Do this + % after the caption, to avoid chance of it being a breakpoint. + \ifx\floatlabel\empty \else + % Write the text that goes in the lof to the aux file as + % \floatlabel-lof. Besides \floatident, we include the short + % caption if specified, else the full caption if specified, else nothing. + {% + \atdummies + % + % since we read the caption text in the macro world, where ^^M + % is turned into a normal character, we have to scan it back, so + % we don't write the literal three characters "^^M" into the aux file. + \scanexp{% + \xdef\noexpand\gtemp{% + \ifx\thisshortcaption\empty + \thiscaption + \else + \thisshortcaption + \fi + }% + }% + \immediate\write\auxfile{@xrdef{\floatlabel-lof}{\floatident + \ifx\gtemp\empty \else : \gtemp \fi}}% + }% + \fi + \egroup % end of \vtop + % + % place the captured inserts + % + % BEWARE: when the floats start floating, we have to issue warning + % whenever an insert appears inside a float which could possibly + % float. --kasal, 26may04 + % + \checkinserts +} + +% Append the tokens #2 to the definition of macro #1, not expanding either. +% +\def\appendtomacro#1#2{% + \expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{#1#2}% +} + +% @caption, @shortcaption +% +\def\caption{\docaption\thiscaption} +\def\shortcaption{\docaption\thisshortcaption} +\def\docaption{\checkenv\float \bgroup\scanargctxt\defcaption} +\def\defcaption#1#2{\egroup \def#1{#2}} + +% The parameter is the control sequence identifying the counter we are +% going to use. Create it if it doesn't exist and assign it to \floatno. +\def\getfloatno#1{% + \ifx#1\relax + % Haven't seen this figure type before. + \csname newcount\endcsname #1% + % + % Remember to reset this floatno at the next chap. + \expandafter\gdef\expandafter\resetallfloatnos + \expandafter{\resetallfloatnos #1=0 }% + \fi + \let\floatno#1% +} + +% \setref calls this to get the XREFLABEL-snt value. We want an @xref +% to the FLOATLABEL to expand to "Figure 3.1". We call \setref when we +% first read the @float command. +% +\def\Yfloat{\floattype@tie \chaplevelprefix\the\floatno}% + +% Magic string used for the XREFLABEL-title value, so \xrefX can +% distinguish floats from other xref types. +\def\floatmagic{!!float!!} + +% #1 is the control sequence we are passed; we expand into a conditional +% which is true if #1 represents a float ref. That is, the magic +% \lastsection value which we \setref above. +% +\def\iffloat#1{\expandafter\doiffloat#1==\finish} +% +% #1 is (maybe) the \floatmagic string. If so, #2 will be the +% (safe) float type for this float. We set \iffloattype to #2. +% +\def\doiffloat#1=#2=#3\finish{% + \def\temp{#1}% + \def\iffloattype{#2}% + \ifx\temp\floatmagic +} + +% @listoffloats FLOATTYPE - print a list of floats like a table of contents. +% +\parseargdef\listoffloats{% + \def\floattype{#1}% floattype + {% + % the floattype might have accents or other special characters, + % but we need to use it in a control sequence name. + \indexnofonts + \turnoffactive + \xdef\safefloattype{\floattype}% + }% + % + % \xrdef saves the floats as a \do-list in \floatlistSAFEFLOATTYPE. + \expandafter\ifx\csname floatlist\safefloattype\endcsname \relax + \ifhavexrefs + % if the user said @listoffloats foo but never @float foo. + \message{\linenumber No `\safefloattype' floats to list.}% + \fi + \else + \begingroup + \leftskip=\tocindent % indent these entries like a toc + \let\do=\listoffloatsdo + \csname floatlist\safefloattype\endcsname + \endgroup + \fi +} + +% This is called on each entry in a list of floats. We're passed the +% xref label, in the form LABEL-title, which is how we save it in the +% aux file. We strip off the -title and look up \XRLABEL-lof, which +% has the text we're supposed to typeset here. +% +% Figures without xref labels will not be included in the list (since +% they won't appear in the aux file). +% +\def\listoffloatsdo#1{\listoffloatsdoentry#1\finish} +\def\listoffloatsdoentry#1-title\finish{{% + % Can't fully expand XR#1-lof because it can contain anything. Just + % pass the control sequence. On the other hand, XR#1-pg is just the + % page number, and we want to fully expand that so we can get a link + % in pdf output. + \toksA = \expandafter{\csname XR#1-lof\endcsname}% + % + % use the same \entry macro we use to generate the TOC and index. + \edef\writeentry{\noexpand\entry{\the\toksA}{\csname XR#1-pg\endcsname}}% + \writeentry +}} + + +\message{localization,} + +% For single-language documents, @documentlanguage is usually given very +% early, just after @documentencoding. Single argument is the language +% (de) or locale (de_DE) abbreviation. +% +{ + \catcode`\_ = \active + \globaldefs=1 +\parseargdef\documentlanguage{\begingroup + \let_=\normalunderscore % normal _ character for filenames + \tex % read txi-??.tex file in plain TeX. + % Read the file by the name they passed if it exists. + \openin 1 txi-#1.tex + \ifeof 1 + \documentlanguagetrywithoutunderscore{#1_\finish}% + \else + \globaldefs = 1 % everything in the txi-LL files needs to persist + \input txi-#1.tex + \fi + \closein 1 + \endgroup % end raw TeX +\endgroup} +% +% If they passed de_DE, and txi-de_DE.tex doesn't exist, +% try txi-de.tex. +% +\gdef\documentlanguagetrywithoutunderscore#1_#2\finish{% + \openin 1 txi-#1.tex + \ifeof 1 + \errhelp = \nolanghelp + \errmessage{Cannot read language file txi-#1.tex}% + \else + \globaldefs = 1 % everything in the txi-LL files needs to persist + \input txi-#1.tex + \fi + \closein 1 +} +}% end of special _ catcode +% +\newhelp\nolanghelp{The given language definition file cannot be found or +is empty. Maybe you need to install it? Putting it in the current +directory should work if nowhere else does.} + +% This macro is called from txi-??.tex files; the first argument is the +% \language name to set (without the "\lang@" prefix), the second and +% third args are \{left,right}hyphenmin. +% +% The language names to pass are determined when the format is built. +% See the etex.log file created at that time, e.g., +% /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var/web2c/pdftex/etex.log. +% +% With TeX Live 2008, etex now includes hyphenation patterns for all +% available languages. This means we can support hyphenation in +% Texinfo, at least to some extent. (This still doesn't solve the +% accented characters problem.) +% +\catcode`@=11 +\def\txisetlanguage#1#2#3{% + % do not set the language if the name is undefined in the current TeX. + \expandafter\ifx\csname lang@#1\endcsname \relax + \message{no patterns for #1}% + \else + \global\language = \csname lang@#1\endcsname + \fi + % but there is no harm in adjusting the hyphenmin values regardless. + \global\lefthyphenmin = #2\relax + \global\righthyphenmin = #3\relax +} + +% Helpers for encodings. +% Set the catcode of characters 128 through 255 to the specified number. +% +\def\setnonasciicharscatcode#1{% + \count255=128 + \loop\ifnum\count255<256 + \global\catcode\count255=#1\relax + \advance\count255 by 1 + \repeat +} + +\def\setnonasciicharscatcodenonglobal#1{% + \count255=128 + \loop\ifnum\count255<256 + \catcode\count255=#1\relax + \advance\count255 by 1 + \repeat +} + +% @documentencoding sets the definition of non-ASCII characters +% according to the specified encoding. +% +\parseargdef\documentencoding{% + % Encoding being declared for the document. + \def\declaredencoding{\csname #1.enc\endcsname}% + % + % Supported encodings: names converted to tokens in order to be able + % to compare them with \ifx. + \def\ascii{\csname US-ASCII.enc\endcsname}% + \def\latnine{\csname ISO-8859-15.enc\endcsname}% + \def\latone{\csname ISO-8859-1.enc\endcsname}% + \def\lattwo{\csname ISO-8859-2.enc\endcsname}% + \def\utfeight{\csname UTF-8.enc\endcsname}% + % + \ifx \declaredencoding \ascii + \asciichardefs + % + \else \ifx \declaredencoding \lattwo + \setnonasciicharscatcode\active + \lattwochardefs + % + \else \ifx \declaredencoding \latone + \setnonasciicharscatcode\active + \latonechardefs + % + \else \ifx \declaredencoding \latnine + \setnonasciicharscatcode\active + \latninechardefs + % + \else \ifx \declaredencoding \utfeight + \setnonasciicharscatcode\active + \utfeightchardefs + % + \else + \message{Unknown document encoding #1, ignoring.}% + % + \fi % utfeight + \fi % latnine + \fi % latone + \fi % lattwo + \fi % ascii +} + +% A message to be logged when using a character that isn't available +% the default font encoding (OT1). +% +\def\missingcharmsg#1{\message{Character missing in OT1 encoding: #1.}} + +% Take account of \c (plain) vs. \, (Texinfo) difference. +\def\cedilla#1{\ifx\c\ptexc\c{#1}\else\,{#1}\fi} + +% First, make active non-ASCII characters in order for them to be +% correctly categorized when TeX reads the replacement text of +% macros containing the character definitions. +\setnonasciicharscatcode\active +% +% Latin1 (ISO-8859-1) character definitions. +\def\latonechardefs{% + \gdef^^a0{\tie} + \gdef^^a1{\exclamdown} + \gdef^^a2{\missingcharmsg{CENT SIGN}} + \gdef^^a3{{\pounds}} + \gdef^^a4{\missingcharmsg{CURRENCY SIGN}} + \gdef^^a5{\missingcharmsg{YEN SIGN}} + \gdef^^a6{\missingcharmsg{BROKEN BAR}} + \gdef^^a7{\S} + \gdef^^a8{\"{}} + \gdef^^a9{\copyright} + \gdef^^aa{\ordf} + \gdef^^ab{\guillemetleft} + \gdef^^ac{$\lnot$} + \gdef^^ad{\-} + \gdef^^ae{\registeredsymbol} + \gdef^^af{\={}} + % + \gdef^^b0{\textdegree} + \gdef^^b1{$\pm$} + \gdef^^b2{$^2$} + \gdef^^b3{$^3$} + \gdef^^b4{\'{}} + \gdef^^b5{$\mu$} + \gdef^^b6{\P} + % + \gdef^^b7{$^.$} + \gdef^^b8{\cedilla\ } + \gdef^^b9{$^1$} + \gdef^^ba{\ordm} + % + \gdef^^bb{\guillemetright} + \gdef^^bc{$1\over4$} + \gdef^^bd{$1\over2$} + \gdef^^be{$3\over4$} + \gdef^^bf{\questiondown} + % + \gdef^^c0{\`A} + \gdef^^c1{\'A} + \gdef^^c2{\^A} + \gdef^^c3{\~A} + \gdef^^c4{\"A} + \gdef^^c5{\ringaccent A} + \gdef^^c6{\AE} + \gdef^^c7{\cedilla C} + \gdef^^c8{\`E} + \gdef^^c9{\'E} + \gdef^^ca{\^E} + \gdef^^cb{\"E} + \gdef^^cc{\`I} + \gdef^^cd{\'I} + \gdef^^ce{\^I} + \gdef^^cf{\"I} + % + \gdef^^d0{\DH} + \gdef^^d1{\~N} + \gdef^^d2{\`O} + \gdef^^d3{\'O} + \gdef^^d4{\^O} + \gdef^^d5{\~O} + \gdef^^d6{\"O} + \gdef^^d7{$\times$} + \gdef^^d8{\O} + \gdef^^d9{\`U} + \gdef^^da{\'U} + \gdef^^db{\^U} + \gdef^^dc{\"U} + \gdef^^dd{\'Y} + \gdef^^de{\TH} + \gdef^^df{\ss} + % + \gdef^^e0{\`a} + \gdef^^e1{\'a} + \gdef^^e2{\^a} + \gdef^^e3{\~a} + \gdef^^e4{\"a} + \gdef^^e5{\ringaccent a} + \gdef^^e6{\ae} + \gdef^^e7{\cedilla c} + \gdef^^e8{\`e} + \gdef^^e9{\'e} + \gdef^^ea{\^e} + \gdef^^eb{\"e} + \gdef^^ec{\`{\dotless i}} + \gdef^^ed{\'{\dotless i}} + \gdef^^ee{\^{\dotless i}} + \gdef^^ef{\"{\dotless i}} + % + \gdef^^f0{\dh} + \gdef^^f1{\~n} + \gdef^^f2{\`o} + \gdef^^f3{\'o} + \gdef^^f4{\^o} + \gdef^^f5{\~o} + \gdef^^f6{\"o} + \gdef^^f7{$\div$} + \gdef^^f8{\o} + \gdef^^f9{\`u} + \gdef^^fa{\'u} + \gdef^^fb{\^u} + \gdef^^fc{\"u} + \gdef^^fd{\'y} + \gdef^^fe{\th} + \gdef^^ff{\"y} +} + +% Latin9 (ISO-8859-15) encoding character definitions. +\def\latninechardefs{% + % Encoding is almost identical to Latin1. + \latonechardefs + % + \gdef^^a4{\euro} + \gdef^^a6{\v S} + \gdef^^a8{\v s} + \gdef^^b4{\v Z} + \gdef^^b8{\v z} + \gdef^^bc{\OE} + \gdef^^bd{\oe} + \gdef^^be{\"Y} +} + +% Latin2 (ISO-8859-2) character definitions. +\def\lattwochardefs{% + \gdef^^a0{\tie} + \gdef^^a1{\ogonek{A}} + \gdef^^a2{\u{}} + \gdef^^a3{\L} + \gdef^^a4{\missingcharmsg{CURRENCY SIGN}} + \gdef^^a5{\v L} + \gdef^^a6{\'S} + \gdef^^a7{\S} + \gdef^^a8{\"{}} + \gdef^^a9{\v S} + \gdef^^aa{\cedilla S} + \gdef^^ab{\v T} + \gdef^^ac{\'Z} + \gdef^^ad{\-} + \gdef^^ae{\v Z} + \gdef^^af{\dotaccent Z} + % + \gdef^^b0{\textdegree} + \gdef^^b1{\ogonek{a}} + \gdef^^b2{\ogonek{ }} + \gdef^^b3{\l} + \gdef^^b4{\'{}} + \gdef^^b5{\v l} + \gdef^^b6{\'s} + \gdef^^b7{\v{}} + \gdef^^b8{\cedilla\ } + \gdef^^b9{\v s} + \gdef^^ba{\cedilla s} + \gdef^^bb{\v t} + \gdef^^bc{\'z} + \gdef^^bd{\H{}} + \gdef^^be{\v z} + \gdef^^bf{\dotaccent z} + % + \gdef^^c0{\'R} + \gdef^^c1{\'A} + \gdef^^c2{\^A} + \gdef^^c3{\u A} + \gdef^^c4{\"A} + \gdef^^c5{\'L} + \gdef^^c6{\'C} + \gdef^^c7{\cedilla C} + \gdef^^c8{\v C} + \gdef^^c9{\'E} + \gdef^^ca{\ogonek{E}} + \gdef^^cb{\"E} + \gdef^^cc{\v E} + \gdef^^cd{\'I} + \gdef^^ce{\^I} + \gdef^^cf{\v D} + % + \gdef^^d0{\DH} + \gdef^^d1{\'N} + \gdef^^d2{\v N} + \gdef^^d3{\'O} + \gdef^^d4{\^O} + \gdef^^d5{\H O} + \gdef^^d6{\"O} + \gdef^^d7{$\times$} + \gdef^^d8{\v R} + \gdef^^d9{\ringaccent U} + \gdef^^da{\'U} + \gdef^^db{\H U} + \gdef^^dc{\"U} + \gdef^^dd{\'Y} + \gdef^^de{\cedilla T} + \gdef^^df{\ss} + % + \gdef^^e0{\'r} + \gdef^^e1{\'a} + \gdef^^e2{\^a} + \gdef^^e3{\u a} + \gdef^^e4{\"a} + \gdef^^e5{\'l} + \gdef^^e6{\'c} + \gdef^^e7{\cedilla c} + \gdef^^e8{\v c} + \gdef^^e9{\'e} + \gdef^^ea{\ogonek{e}} + \gdef^^eb{\"e} + \gdef^^ec{\v e} + \gdef^^ed{\'{\dotless{i}}} + \gdef^^ee{\^{\dotless{i}}} + \gdef^^ef{\v d} + % + \gdef^^f0{\dh} + \gdef^^f1{\'n} + \gdef^^f2{\v n} + \gdef^^f3{\'o} + \gdef^^f4{\^o} + \gdef^^f5{\H o} + \gdef^^f6{\"o} + \gdef^^f7{$\div$} + \gdef^^f8{\v r} + \gdef^^f9{\ringaccent u} + \gdef^^fa{\'u} + \gdef^^fb{\H u} + \gdef^^fc{\"u} + \gdef^^fd{\'y} + \gdef^^fe{\cedilla t} + \gdef^^ff{\dotaccent{}} +} + +% UTF-8 character definitions. +% +% This code to support UTF-8 is based on LaTeX's utf8.def, with some +% changes for Texinfo conventions. It is included here under the GPL by +% permission from Frank Mittelbach and the LaTeX team. +% +\newcount\countUTFx +\newcount\countUTFy +\newcount\countUTFz + +\gdef\UTFviiiTwoOctets#1#2{\expandafter + \UTFviiiDefined\csname u8:#1\string #2\endcsname} +% +\gdef\UTFviiiThreeOctets#1#2#3{\expandafter + \UTFviiiDefined\csname u8:#1\string #2\string #3\endcsname} +% +\gdef\UTFviiiFourOctets#1#2#3#4{\expandafter + \UTFviiiDefined\csname u8:#1\string #2\string #3\string #4\endcsname} + +\gdef\UTFviiiDefined#1{% + \ifx #1\relax + \message{\linenumber Unicode char \string #1 not defined for Texinfo}% + \else + \expandafter #1% + \fi +} + +\begingroup + \catcode`\~13 + \catcode`\"12 + + \def\UTFviiiLoop{% + \global\catcode\countUTFx\active + \uccode`\~\countUTFx + \uppercase\expandafter{\UTFviiiTmp}% + \advance\countUTFx by 1 + \ifnum\countUTFx < \countUTFy + \expandafter\UTFviiiLoop + \fi} + + \countUTFx = "C2 + \countUTFy = "E0 + \def\UTFviiiTmp{% + \xdef~{\noexpand\UTFviiiTwoOctets\string~}} + \UTFviiiLoop + + \countUTFx = "E0 + \countUTFy = "F0 + \def\UTFviiiTmp{% + \xdef~{\noexpand\UTFviiiThreeOctets\string~}} + \UTFviiiLoop + + \countUTFx = "F0 + \countUTFy = "F4 + \def\UTFviiiTmp{% + \xdef~{\noexpand\UTFviiiFourOctets\string~}} + \UTFviiiLoop +\endgroup + +\begingroup + \catcode`\"=12 + \catcode`\<=12 + \catcode`\.=12 + \catcode`\,=12 + \catcode`\;=12 + \catcode`\!=12 + \catcode`\~=13 + + \gdef\DeclareUnicodeCharacter#1#2{% + \countUTFz = "#1\relax + %\wlog{\space\space defining Unicode char U+#1 (decimal \the\countUTFz)}% + \begingroup + \parseXMLCharref + \def\UTFviiiTwoOctets##1##2{% + \csname u8:##1\string ##2\endcsname}% + \def\UTFviiiThreeOctets##1##2##3{% + \csname u8:##1\string ##2\string ##3\endcsname}% + \def\UTFviiiFourOctets##1##2##3##4{% + \csname u8:##1\string ##2\string ##3\string ##4\endcsname}% + \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter + \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter + \gdef\UTFviiiTmp{#2}% + \endgroup} + + \gdef\parseXMLCharref{% + \ifnum\countUTFz < "A0\relax + \errhelp = \EMsimple + \errmessage{Cannot define Unicode char value < 00A0}% + \else\ifnum\countUTFz < "800\relax + \parseUTFviiiA,% + \parseUTFviiiB C\UTFviiiTwoOctets.,% + \else\ifnum\countUTFz < "10000\relax + \parseUTFviiiA;% + \parseUTFviiiA,% + \parseUTFviiiB E\UTFviiiThreeOctets.{,;}% + \else + \parseUTFviiiA;% + \parseUTFviiiA,% + \parseUTFviiiA!% + \parseUTFviiiB F\UTFviiiFourOctets.{!,;}% + \fi\fi\fi + } + + \gdef\parseUTFviiiA#1{% + \countUTFx = \countUTFz + \divide\countUTFz by 64 + \countUTFy = \countUTFz + \multiply\countUTFz by 64 + \advance\countUTFx by -\countUTFz + \advance\countUTFx by 128 + \uccode `#1\countUTFx + \countUTFz = \countUTFy} + + \gdef\parseUTFviiiB#1#2#3#4{% + \advance\countUTFz by "#10\relax + \uccode `#3\countUTFz + \uppercase{\gdef\UTFviiiTmp{#2#3#4}}} +\endgroup + +\def\utfeightchardefs{% + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A0}{\tie} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A1}{\exclamdown} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A3}{\pounds} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A8}{\"{ }} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A9}{\copyright} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AA}{\ordf} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AB}{\guillemetleft} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AD}{\-} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AE}{\registeredsymbol} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AF}{\={ }} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B0}{\ringaccent{ }} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B4}{\'{ }} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B8}{\cedilla{ }} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BA}{\ordm} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BB}{\guillemetright} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BF}{\questiondown} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C0}{\`A} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C1}{\'A} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C2}{\^A} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C3}{\~A} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C4}{\"A} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C5}{\AA} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C6}{\AE} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C7}{\cedilla{C}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C8}{\`E} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C9}{\'E} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CA}{\^E} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CB}{\"E} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CC}{\`I} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CD}{\'I} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CE}{\^I} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CF}{\"I} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D0}{\DH} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D1}{\~N} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D2}{\`O} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D3}{\'O} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D4}{\^O} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D5}{\~O} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D6}{\"O} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D8}{\O} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D9}{\`U} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DA}{\'U} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DB}{\^U} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DC}{\"U} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DD}{\'Y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DE}{\TH} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DF}{\ss} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E0}{\`a} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E1}{\'a} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E2}{\^a} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E3}{\~a} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E4}{\"a} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E5}{\aa} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E6}{\ae} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E7}{\cedilla{c}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E8}{\`e} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E9}{\'e} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EA}{\^e} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EB}{\"e} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EC}{\`{\dotless{i}}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00ED}{\'{\dotless{i}}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EE}{\^{\dotless{i}}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EF}{\"{\dotless{i}}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F0}{\dh} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F1}{\~n} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F2}{\`o} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F3}{\'o} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F4}{\^o} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F5}{\~o} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F6}{\"o} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F8}{\o} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F9}{\`u} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FA}{\'u} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FB}{\^u} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FC}{\"u} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FD}{\'y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FE}{\th} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FF}{\"y} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0100}{\=A} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0101}{\=a} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0102}{\u{A}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0103}{\u{a}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0104}{\ogonek{A}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0105}{\ogonek{a}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0106}{\'C} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0107}{\'c} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0108}{\^C} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0109}{\^c} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0118}{\ogonek{E}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0119}{\ogonek{e}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010A}{\dotaccent{C}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010B}{\dotaccent{c}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010C}{\v{C}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010D}{\v{c}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010E}{\v{D}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0112}{\=E} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0113}{\=e} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0114}{\u{E}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0115}{\u{e}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0116}{\dotaccent{E}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0117}{\dotaccent{e}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011A}{\v{E}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011B}{\v{e}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011C}{\^G} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011D}{\^g} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011E}{\u{G}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011F}{\u{g}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0120}{\dotaccent{G}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0121}{\dotaccent{g}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0124}{\^H} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0125}{\^h} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0128}{\~I} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0129}{\~{\dotless{i}}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{012A}{\=I} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{012B}{\={\dotless{i}}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{012C}{\u{I}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{012D}{\u{\dotless{i}}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0130}{\dotaccent{I}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0131}{\dotless{i}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0132}{IJ} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0133}{ij} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0134}{\^J} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0135}{\^{\dotless{j}}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0139}{\'L} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{013A}{\'l} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0141}{\L} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0142}{\l} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0143}{\'N} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0144}{\'n} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0147}{\v{N}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0148}{\v{n}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{014C}{\=O} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{014D}{\=o} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{014E}{\u{O}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{014F}{\u{o}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0150}{\H{O}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0151}{\H{o}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0152}{\OE} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0153}{\oe} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0154}{\'R} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0155}{\'r} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0158}{\v{R}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0159}{\v{r}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015A}{\'S} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015B}{\'s} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015C}{\^S} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015D}{\^s} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015E}{\cedilla{S}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015F}{\cedilla{s}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0160}{\v{S}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0161}{\v{s}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0162}{\cedilla{t}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0163}{\cedilla{T}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0164}{\v{T}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0168}{\~U} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0169}{\~u} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{016A}{\=U} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{016B}{\=u} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{016C}{\u{U}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{016D}{\u{u}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{016E}{\ringaccent{U}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{016F}{\ringaccent{u}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0170}{\H{U}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0171}{\H{u}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0174}{\^W} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0175}{\^w} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0176}{\^Y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0177}{\^y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0178}{\"Y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0179}{\'Z} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017A}{\'z} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017B}{\dotaccent{Z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017C}{\dotaccent{z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017D}{\v{Z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017E}{\v{z}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01C4}{D\v{Z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01C5}{D\v{z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01C6}{d\v{z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01C7}{LJ} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01C8}{Lj} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01C9}{lj} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01CA}{NJ} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01CB}{Nj} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01CC}{nj} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01CD}{\v{A}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01CE}{\v{a}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01CF}{\v{I}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01D0}{\v{\dotless{i}}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01D1}{\v{O}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01D2}{\v{o}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01D3}{\v{U}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01D4}{\v{u}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01E2}{\={\AE}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01E3}{\={\ae}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01E6}{\v{G}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01E7}{\v{g}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01E8}{\v{K}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01E9}{\v{k}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01F0}{\v{\dotless{j}}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01F1}{DZ} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01F2}{Dz} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01F3}{dz} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01F4}{\'G} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01F5}{\'g} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01F8}{\`N} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01F9}{\`n} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01FC}{\'{\AE}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01FD}{\'{\ae}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01FE}{\'{\O}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{01FF}{\'{\o}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{021E}{\v{H}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{021F}{\v{h}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0226}{\dotaccent{A}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0227}{\dotaccent{a}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0228}{\cedilla{E}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0229}{\cedilla{e}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{022E}{\dotaccent{O}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{022F}{\dotaccent{o}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0232}{\=Y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0233}{\=y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0237}{\dotless{j}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{02DB}{\ogonek{ }} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E02}{\dotaccent{B}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E03}{\dotaccent{b}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E04}{\udotaccent{B}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E05}{\udotaccent{b}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E06}{\ubaraccent{B}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E07}{\ubaraccent{b}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E0A}{\dotaccent{D}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E0B}{\dotaccent{d}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E0C}{\udotaccent{D}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E0D}{\udotaccent{d}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E0E}{\ubaraccent{D}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E0F}{\ubaraccent{d}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E1E}{\dotaccent{F}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E1F}{\dotaccent{f}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E20}{\=G} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E21}{\=g} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E22}{\dotaccent{H}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E23}{\dotaccent{h}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E24}{\udotaccent{H}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E25}{\udotaccent{h}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E26}{\"H} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E27}{\"h} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E30}{\'K} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E31}{\'k} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E32}{\udotaccent{K}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E33}{\udotaccent{k}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E34}{\ubaraccent{K}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E35}{\ubaraccent{k}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E36}{\udotaccent{L}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E37}{\udotaccent{l}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E3A}{\ubaraccent{L}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E3B}{\ubaraccent{l}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E3E}{\'M} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E3F}{\'m} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E40}{\dotaccent{M}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E41}{\dotaccent{m}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E42}{\udotaccent{M}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E43}{\udotaccent{m}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E44}{\dotaccent{N}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E45}{\dotaccent{n}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E46}{\udotaccent{N}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E47}{\udotaccent{n}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E48}{\ubaraccent{N}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E49}{\ubaraccent{n}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E54}{\'P} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E55}{\'p} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E56}{\dotaccent{P}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E57}{\dotaccent{p}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E58}{\dotaccent{R}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E59}{\dotaccent{r}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E5A}{\udotaccent{R}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E5B}{\udotaccent{r}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E5E}{\ubaraccent{R}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E5F}{\ubaraccent{r}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E60}{\dotaccent{S}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E61}{\dotaccent{s}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E62}{\udotaccent{S}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E63}{\udotaccent{s}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E6A}{\dotaccent{T}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E6B}{\dotaccent{t}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E6C}{\udotaccent{T}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E6D}{\udotaccent{t}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E6E}{\ubaraccent{T}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E6F}{\ubaraccent{t}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E7C}{\~V} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E7D}{\~v} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E7E}{\udotaccent{V}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E7F}{\udotaccent{v}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E80}{\`W} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E81}{\`w} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E82}{\'W} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E83}{\'w} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E84}{\"W} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E85}{\"w} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E86}{\dotaccent{W}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E87}{\dotaccent{w}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E88}{\udotaccent{W}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E89}{\udotaccent{w}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E8A}{\dotaccent{X}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E8B}{\dotaccent{x}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E8C}{\"X} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E8D}{\"x} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E8E}{\dotaccent{Y}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E8F}{\dotaccent{y}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E90}{\^Z} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E91}{\^z} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E92}{\udotaccent{Z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E93}{\udotaccent{z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E94}{\ubaraccent{Z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E95}{\ubaraccent{z}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E96}{\ubaraccent{h}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E97}{\"t} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E98}{\ringaccent{w}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E99}{\ringaccent{y}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EA0}{\udotaccent{A}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EA1}{\udotaccent{a}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EB8}{\udotaccent{E}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EB9}{\udotaccent{e}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EBC}{\~E} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EBD}{\~e} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1ECA}{\udotaccent{I}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1ECB}{\udotaccent{i}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1ECC}{\udotaccent{O}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1ECD}{\udotaccent{o}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EE4}{\udotaccent{U}} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EE5}{\udotaccent{u}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EF2}{\`Y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EF3}{\`y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EF4}{\udotaccent{Y}} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EF8}{\~Y} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EF9}{\~y} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2013}{--} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2014}{---} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2018}{\quoteleft} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2019}{\quoteright} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{201A}{\quotesinglbase} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{201C}{\quotedblleft} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{201D}{\quotedblright} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{201E}{\quotedblbase} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2022}{\bullet} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2026}{\dots} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2039}{\guilsinglleft} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{203A}{\guilsinglright} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\euro} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2192}{\expansion} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{21D2}{\result} + + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2212}{\minus} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2217}{\point} + \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2261}{\equiv} +}% end of \utfeightchardefs + + +% US-ASCII character definitions. +\def\asciichardefs{% nothing need be done + \relax +} + +% Make non-ASCII characters printable again for compatibility with +% existing Texinfo documents that may use them, even without declaring a +% document encoding. +% +\setnonasciicharscatcode \other + + +\message{formatting,} + +\newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt + +\chapheadingskip = 15pt plus 4pt minus 2pt +\secheadingskip = 12pt plus 3pt minus 2pt +\subsecheadingskip = 9pt plus 2pt minus 2pt + +% Prevent underfull vbox error messages. +\vbadness = 10000 + +% Don't be very finicky about underfull hboxes, either. +\hbadness = 6666 + +% Following George Bush, get rid of widows and orphans. +\widowpenalty=10000 +\clubpenalty=10000 + +% Use TeX 3.0's \emergencystretch to help line breaking, but if we're +% using an old version of TeX, don't do anything. We want the amount of +% stretch added to depend on the line length, hence the dependence on +% \hsize. We call this whenever the paper size is set. +% +\def\setemergencystretch{% + \ifx\emergencystretch\thisisundefined + % Allow us to assign to \emergencystretch anyway. + \def\emergencystretch{\dimen0}% + \else + \emergencystretch = .15\hsize + \fi +} + +% Parameters in order: 1) textheight; 2) textwidth; +% 3) voffset; 4) hoffset; 5) binding offset; 6) topskip; +% 7) physical page height; 8) physical page width. +% +% We also call \setleading{\textleading}, so the caller should define +% \textleading. The caller should also set \parskip. +% +\def\internalpagesizes#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8{% + \voffset = #3\relax + \topskip = #6\relax + \splittopskip = \topskip + % + \vsize = #1\relax + \advance\vsize by \topskip + \outervsize = \vsize + \advance\outervsize by 2\topandbottommargin + \pageheight = \vsize + % + \hsize = #2\relax + \outerhsize = \hsize + \advance\outerhsize by 0.5in + \pagewidth = \hsize + % + \normaloffset = #4\relax + \bindingoffset = #5\relax + % + \ifpdf + \pdfpageheight #7\relax + \pdfpagewidth #8\relax + % if we don't reset these, they will remain at "1 true in" of + % whatever layout pdftex was dumped with. + \pdfhorigin = 1 true in + \pdfvorigin = 1 true in + \fi + % + \setleading{\textleading} + % + \parindent = \defaultparindent + \setemergencystretch +} + +% @letterpaper (the default). +\def\letterpaper{{\globaldefs = 1 + \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt + \textleading = 13.2pt + % + % If page is nothing but text, make it come out even. + \internalpagesizes{607.2pt}{6in}% that's 46 lines + {\voffset}{.25in}% + {\bindingoffset}{36pt}% + {11in}{8.5in}% +}} + +% Use @smallbook to reset parameters for 7x9.25 trim size. +\def\smallbook{{\globaldefs = 1 + \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt + \textleading = 12pt + % + \internalpagesizes{7.5in}{5in}% + {-.2in}{0in}% + {\bindingoffset}{16pt}% + {9.25in}{7in}% + % + \lispnarrowing = 0.3in + \tolerance = 700 + \hfuzz = 1pt + \contentsrightmargin = 0pt + \defbodyindent = .5cm +}} + +% Use @smallerbook to reset parameters for 6x9 trim size. +% (Just testing, parameters still in flux.) +\def\smallerbook{{\globaldefs = 1 + \parskip = 1.5pt plus 1pt + \textleading = 12pt + % + \internalpagesizes{7.4in}{4.8in}% + {-.2in}{-.4in}% + {0pt}{14pt}% + {9in}{6in}% + % + \lispnarrowing = 0.25in + \tolerance = 700 + \hfuzz = 1pt + \contentsrightmargin = 0pt + \defbodyindent = .4cm +}} + +% Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper. +\def\afourpaper{{\globaldefs = 1 + \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt + \textleading = 13.2pt + % + % Double-side printing via postscript on Laserjet 4050 + % prints double-sided nicely when \bindingoffset=10mm and \hoffset=-6mm. + % To change the settings for a different printer or situation, adjust + % \normaloffset until the front-side and back-side texts align. Then + % do the same for \bindingoffset. You can set these for testing in + % your texinfo source file like this: + % @tex + % \global\normaloffset = -6mm + % \global\bindingoffset = 10mm + % @end tex + \internalpagesizes{673.2pt}{160mm}% that's 51 lines + {\voffset}{\hoffset}% + {\bindingoffset}{44pt}% + {297mm}{210mm}% + % + \tolerance = 700 + \hfuzz = 1pt + \contentsrightmargin = 0pt + \defbodyindent = 5mm +}} + +% Use @afivepaper to print on European A5 paper. +% From romildo@urano.iceb.ufop.br, 2 July 2000. +% He also recommends making @example and @lisp be small. +\def\afivepaper{{\globaldefs = 1 + \parskip = 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.1pt + \textleading = 12.5pt + % + \internalpagesizes{160mm}{120mm}% + {\voffset}{\hoffset}% + {\bindingoffset}{8pt}% + {210mm}{148mm}% + % + \lispnarrowing = 0.2in + \tolerance = 800 + \hfuzz = 1.2pt + \contentsrightmargin = 0pt + \defbodyindent = 2mm + \tableindent = 12mm +}} + +% A specific text layout, 24x15cm overall, intended for A4 paper. +\def\afourlatex{{\globaldefs = 1 + \afourpaper + \internalpagesizes{237mm}{150mm}% + {\voffset}{4.6mm}% + {\bindingoffset}{7mm}% + {297mm}{210mm}% + % + % Must explicitly reset to 0 because we call \afourpaper. + \globaldefs = 0 +}} + +% Use @afourwide to print on A4 paper in landscape format. +\def\afourwide{{\globaldefs = 1 + \afourpaper + \internalpagesizes{241mm}{165mm}% + {\voffset}{-2.95mm}% + {\bindingoffset}{7mm}% + {297mm}{210mm}% + \globaldefs = 0 +}} + +% @pagesizes TEXTHEIGHT[,TEXTWIDTH] +% Perhaps we should allow setting the margins, \topskip, \parskip, +% and/or leading, also. Or perhaps we should compute them somehow. +% +\parseargdef\pagesizes{\pagesizesyyy #1,,\finish} +\def\pagesizesyyy#1,#2,#3\finish{{% + \setbox0 = \hbox{\ignorespaces #2}\ifdim\wd0 > 0pt \hsize=#2\relax \fi + \globaldefs = 1 + % + \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt + \setleading{\textleading}% + % + \dimen0 = #1\relax + \advance\dimen0 by \voffset + % + \dimen2 = \hsize + \advance\dimen2 by \normaloffset + % + \internalpagesizes{#1}{\hsize}% + {\voffset}{\normaloffset}% + {\bindingoffset}{44pt}% + {\dimen0}{\dimen2}% +}} + +% Set default to letter. +% +\letterpaper + + +\message{and turning on texinfo input format.} + +\def^^L{\par} % remove \outer, so ^L can appear in an @comment + +% DEL is a comment character, in case @c does not suffice. +\catcode`\^^? = 14 + +% Define macros to output various characters with catcode for normal text. +\catcode`\"=\other \def\normaldoublequote{"} +\catcode`\$=\other \def\normaldollar{$}%$ font-lock fix +\catcode`\+=\other \def\normalplus{+} +\catcode`\<=\other \def\normalless{<} +\catcode`\>=\other \def\normalgreater{>} +\catcode`\^=\other \def\normalcaret{^} +\catcode`\_=\other \def\normalunderscore{_} +\catcode`\|=\other \def\normalverticalbar{|} +\catcode`\~=\other \def\normaltilde{~} + +% This macro is used to make a character print one way in \tt +% (where it can probably be output as-is), and another way in other fonts, +% where something hairier probably needs to be done. +% +% #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print +% otherwise. Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero +% interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all +% typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter. +% +\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi} + +% Same as above, but check for italic font. Actually this also catches +% non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from +% italic fonts. But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway +% this is not a problem. +\def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi} + +% Turn off all special characters except @ +% (and those which the user can use as if they were ordinary). +% Most of these we simply print from the \tt font, but for some, we can +% use math or other variants that look better in normal text. + +\catcode`\"=\active +\def\activedoublequote{{\tt\char34}} +\let"=\activedoublequote +\catcode`\~=\active \def\activetilde{{\tt\char126}} \let~ = \activetilde +\chardef\hat=`\^ +\catcode`\^=\active \def\activehat{{\tt \hat}} \let^ = \activehat + +\catcode`\_=\active +\def_{\ifusingtt\normalunderscore\_} +\let\realunder=_ +% Subroutine for the previous macro. +\def\_{\leavevmode \kern.07em \vbox{\hrule width.3em height.1ex}\kern .07em } + +\catcode`\|=\active +\def|{{\tt\char124}} + +\chardef \less=`\< +\catcode`\<=\active \def\activeless{{\tt \less}}\let< = \activeless +\chardef \gtr=`\> +\catcode`\>=\active \def\activegtr{{\tt \gtr}}\let> = \activegtr +\catcode`\+=\active \def+{{\tt \char 43}} +\catcode`\$=\active \def${\ifusingit{{\sl\$}}\normaldollar}%$ font-lock fix + +% used for headline/footline in the output routine, in case the page +% breaks in the middle of an @tex block. +\def\texinfochars{% + \let< = \activeless + \let> = \activegtr + \let~ = \activetilde + \let^ = \activehat + \markupsetuplqdefault \markupsetuprqdefault + \let\b = \strong + \let\i = \smartitalic + % in principle, all other definitions in \tex have to be undone too. +} + +% If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file +% name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line. +% So turn them off again, and have \everyjob (or @setfilename) turn them on. +% \otherifyactive is called near the end of this file. +\def\otherifyactive{\catcode`+=\other \catcode`\_=\other} + +% Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters even after +% parsing them. +\def\turnoffactive{% + \normalturnoffactive + \otherbackslash +} + +\catcode`\@=0 + +% \backslashcurfont outputs one backslash character in current font, +% as in \char`\\. +\global\chardef\backslashcurfont=`\\ +\global\let\rawbackslashxx=\backslashcurfont % let existing .??s files work + +% \realbackslash is an actual character `\' with catcode other, and +% \doublebackslash is two of them (for the pdf outlines). +{\catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\} @gdef@doublebackslash{\\}} + +% In texinfo, backslash is an active character; it prints the backslash +% in fixed width font. +\catcode`\\=\active % @ for escape char from now on. + +% The story here is that in math mode, the \char of \backslashcurfont +% ends up printing the roman \ from the math symbol font (because \char +% in math mode uses the \mathcode, and plain.tex sets +% \mathcode`\\="026E). It seems better for @backslashchar{} to always +% print a typewriter backslash, hence we use an explicit \mathchar, +% which is the decimal equivalent of "715c (class 7, e.g., use \fam; +% ignored family value; char position "5C). We can't use " for the +% usual hex value because it has already been made active. +@def@normalbackslash{{@tt @ifmmode @mathchar29020 @else @backslashcurfont @fi}} +@let@backslashchar = @normalbackslash % @backslashchar{} is for user documents. + +% On startup, @fixbackslash assigns: +% @let \ = @normalbackslash +% \rawbackslash defines an active \ to do \backslashcurfont. +% \otherbackslash defines an active \ to be a literal `\' character with +% catcode other. We switch back and forth between these. +@gdef@rawbackslash{@let\=@backslashcurfont} +@gdef@otherbackslash{@let\=@realbackslash} + +% Same as @turnoffactive except outputs \ as {\tt\char`\\} instead of +% the literal character `\'. Also revert - to its normal character, in +% case the active - from code has slipped in. +% +{@catcode`- = @active + @gdef@normalturnoffactive{% + @let-=@normaldash + @let"=@normaldoublequote + @let$=@normaldollar %$ font-lock fix + @let+=@normalplus + @let<=@normalless + @let>=@normalgreater + @let\=@normalbackslash + @let^=@normalcaret + @let_=@normalunderscore + @let|=@normalverticalbar + @let~=@normaltilde + @markupsetuplqdefault + @markupsetuprqdefault + @unsepspaces + } +} + +% Make _ and + \other characters, temporarily. +% This is canceled by @fixbackslash. +@otherifyactive + +% If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up. +% That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing +% a backslash. +% +@gdef@eatinput input texinfo{@fixbackslash} +@global@let\ = @eatinput + +% On the other hand, perhaps the file did not have a `\input texinfo'. Then +% the first `\' in the file would cause an error. This macro tries to fix +% that, assuming it is called before the first `\' could plausibly occur. +% Also turn back on active characters that might appear in the input +% file name, in case not using a pre-dumped format. +% +@gdef@fixbackslash{% + @ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @normalbackslash @fi + @catcode`+=@active + @catcode`@_=@active +} + +% Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages. +@escapechar = `@@ + +% These (along with & and #) are made active for url-breaking, so need +% active definitions as the normal characters. +@def@normaldot{.} +@def@normalquest{?} +@def@normalslash{/} + +% These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special. +% @hashchar{} gets its own user-level command, because of #line. +@catcode`@& = @other @def@normalamp{&} +@catcode`@# = @other @def@normalhash{#} +@catcode`@% = @other @def@normalpercent{%} + +@let @hashchar = @normalhash + +@c Finally, make ` and ' active, so that txicodequoteundirected and +@c txicodequotebacktick work right in, e.g., @w{@code{`foo'}}. If we +@c don't make ` and ' active, @code will not get them as active chars. +@c Do this last of all since we use ` in the previous @catcode assignments. +@catcode`@'=@active +@catcode`@`=@active +@markupsetuplqdefault +@markupsetuprqdefault + +@c Local variables: +@c eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp) +@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message" +@c time-stamp-start: "def\\\\texinfoversion{" +@c time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H" +@c time-stamp-end: "}" +@c End: + +@c vim:sw=2: + +@ignore + arch-tag: e1b36e32-c96e-4135-a41a-0b2efa2ea115 +@end ignore diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/Makefile b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ab5c9881 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +ETCDIRS = styles schema csl +-include local.mk # optional local customization + +.NOTPARALLEL: # always run this make serially +.SUFFIXES: # we don't need default suffix rules +ifeq ($(MAKELEVEL), 0) + $(error This make needs to be started as a sub-make from the toplevel directory.) +endif + +.PHONY: all install clean cleanall clean-install + +all: + +install: $(ETCDIRS) + for dir in $? ; do \ + if [ ! -d $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/$${dir} ] ; then \ + $(MKDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/$${dir} ; \ + fi ; \ + $(CP) $${dir}/* $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/$${dir} ; \ + done ; + +clean: + +cleanall: + +clean-install: $(ETCDIRS) + for dir in $? ; do \ + if [ -d $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/$${dir} ] ; then \ + $(RMR) $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/$${dir} ; \ + fi ; \ + done ; diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/etc/ORG-NEWS b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/ORG-NEWS similarity index 80% rename from elpa/org-20200127/etc/ORG-NEWS rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/ORG-NEWS index d46d1bd7..5e7813ca 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/etc/ORG-NEWS +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/ORG-NEWS @@ -3,13 +3,1123 @@ ORG NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. -*- mode: org; coding: utf-8 -*- #+STARTUP: overview #+LINK: doc https://orgmode.org/worg/doc.html#%s -#+LINK: git https://code.orgmode.org/bzg/org-mode/commit/%s +#+LINK: msg https://list.orgmode.org/%s/ +#+LINK: git https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs/org-mode.git/commit/?id=%s -Copyright (C) 2012-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 2012-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. See the end of the file for license conditions. Please send Org bug reports to mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org. +* Version 9.5 + +** Important announcements and breaking changes + +*** The =contrib/= now lives in a separate repository + +Org's repository has been trimmed from the =contrib/= directory. + +The old contents of the =contrib/= directory now lives in a separate +repository at https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib. + +You can install this repository by cloning it and updating your +~load-path~ accordingly. You can also install =org-contrib= as a +[[https://elpa.nongnu.org/nongnu/][NonGNU ELPA]] package. + +*** Org ELPA and Org archives won't be available for Org > 9.5 + +[[https://orgmode.org/elpa.html][Org ELPA]] is still available for installing Org 9.5, either with or +without contributed packages, but future versions won't be available +via Org ELPA, as we are deprecating this installation method. + +Also, Org 9.5 is available as =tar.gz= and =zip= archives, but this +installation method is also deprecated. + +If you want to install the latest stable versions of Org, please use +the GNU ELPA package. If you want to install the contributed files, +please use the NonGNU ELPA package. If you want to keep up with the +latest unstable Org, please install from the Git repository. + +See https://orgmode.org/org.html#Installation for the details. + +*** =ditaa.jar= is not bundled with Org anymore + +=ditaa.jar= used to be bundled with Org but it is not anymore. +See [[https://github.com/stathissideris/ditaa][the ditaa repository]] on how to install it. + +*** ~org-adapt-indentation~ now defaults to =nil= + +If you want to automatically indent headlines' metadata, set it to +=headline-data=. + +If you want to automatically indent every line to the headline's +current indentation, set it to =t=. + +Indent added by =RET= and =C-j= also depends on the value of +~electric-indent-mode~. Enabling this mode by default in 9.4 revealed +some bugs caused confusing behavior. If you disabled +~electric-indent-mode~ for this reason, it is time to try it again. +Hopefully problems have been fixed. See [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-faq.html#indentation][this FAQ]] for more details. + +*** ~org-speed-commands-user~ is obsolete, use ~org-speed-commands~ + +Setting ~org-speed-commands-user~ in your configuration won't have any +effect. Please set ~org-speed-commands~ instead, which see. + +*** Some =ob-*.el= files have been moved to the org-contrib repo + +These files have been moved to https://git.sr.ht/~bzg/org-contrib: + +- ob-abc.el +- ob-asymptote.el +- ob-coq.el +- ob-ebnf.el +- ob-hledger.el +- ob-io.el +- ob-J.el +- ob-ledger.el +- ob-mscgen.el +- ob-picolisp.el +- ob-shen.el +- ob-stan.el +- ob-vala.el + +See the discussion [[msg::87bl9rq29m.fsf@gnu.org][here]]. + +*** Compatibility with Emacs versions + +We made it explicit that we aim at keeping the latest stable version +of Org compatible with at least Emacs V, V-1 and V-2, where V is the +stable major version of Emacs. + +For example, if the current major version of Emacs is 28.x, then the +latest stable version of Org should be compatible with Emacs 28.x, +27.x and 26.x – but not with Emacs 25.x. + +See [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-maintenance.html#emacs-compatibility][this note on Worg]] and [[git::519947e508e081e71bf67db99e27b1c171ba4dfe][this commit]]. + +*** The keybinding for ~org-table-blank-field~ has been removed + +If you prefer to keep the keybinding, you can add it back to +~org-mode-map~ like so: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(define-key org-mode-map (kbd "C-c SPC") #'org-table-blank-field) +#+end_src + +** New features + +*** New citation engine + +Org 9.5 provides a new library =oc.el= which provides tooling to +handle citations in Org, e.g., activate, follow, insert, and export +them, respectively called "activate", "follow", "insert" and "export" +capabilities. Libraries responsible for providing some, or all, of +these capabilities are called "citation processors". + +The manual contains a few pointers to let you start and you may want +to check [[https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/2021-07-31-citations.html][this blog post]]. If you need help using this new features, +please ask on the mailing list. + +Thanks to Nicolas Goaziou for implementing this, to Bruce D’Arcus for +helping him and to John Kitchin for paving the way with =org-ref.el=. + +*** Async session evaluation + +The =:async= header argument can be used for asynchronous evaluation +in session blocks for certain languages. + +Currently, async evaluation is supported in Python. There is also +functionality to implement async evaluation in other languages that +use comint, but this needs to be done on a per-language basis. + +By default, async evaluation is disabled unless the =:async= header +argument is present. You can also set =:async no= to force it off +(for example if you've set =:async= in a property drawer). + +Async evaluation is disabled during export. +*** ~ox-koma-letter.el~ is now part of Org's core + +~ox-koma-letter.el~ provides a KOMA scrlttr2 back-end for the Org +export engine. It used to be in the =contrib/= directory but it is +now part of Org's core. + +*** Support exporting DOI links + +Org now supports export for DOI links, through its new =ol-doi.el= +library. For backward compatibility, it is loaded by default. + +*** Add a new ~:refile-targets~ template option + +When exiting capture mode via ~org-capture-refile~, the variable +~org-refile-targets~ will be temporarily bound to the value of this +template option. + +*** New startup options =#+startup: showlevels= + +These startup options complement the existing =overview=, =content=, +=showall=, =showeverything= with a way to start the document with n +levels shown, where n goes from 2 to 5. + +Example: + +: #+startup: show3levels + +*** New =u= table formula flag to enable Calc units simplification mode + +A new =u= mode flag for Calc formulas in Org tables has been added to +enable Calc units simplification mode. + +*** Support fontification of inline export snippets + +See [[msg:87im57fh8j.fsf@gmail.com][this thread]]. + +*** New command =org-refile-reverse= bound to =C-c C-M-w= + +You can now use =C-c C-M-w= to run ~org-refile-reverse~. + +It is almost identical to ~org-refile~, except that it temporarily +toggles how ~org-reverse-note-order~ applies to the current buffer. +So if ~org-refile~ would append the entry as the last entry under the +target heading, ~org-refile-reverse~ will prepend it as the first +entry, and vice-versa. + +*** LaTeX attribute ~:float~ now passes through arbitrary values + +LaTeX users are able to define arbitrary float types, e.g. with the +float package. The Org mode LaTeX exporter is now able to process and +export arbitrary float types. The user is responsible for ensuring +that Org mode configures LaTeX to process any new float type. + +*** Support verse and quote blocks in LaTeX export + +The LaTeX export back-end accepts four attributes for verse blocks: +=:lines=, =:center=, =:versewidth= and =:latexcode=. The three first +require the external LaTeX package =verse.sty=, which is an extension +of the standard LaTeX environment. + +The LaTeX export back-end accepts two attributes for quote blocks: +=:environment=, for an arbitrary quoting environment (the default +value is that of =org-latex-default-quote-environment=: ="quote"=) and +=:options=. + +*** =org-set-tags-command= selects tags from ~org-global-tags-completion-table~ + +Let ~org-set-tags-command~ TAB fast tag completion interface complete +tags including from both buffer local and user defined persistent +global list (~org-tag-alist~ and ~org-tag-persistent-alist~). Now +option ~org-complete-tags-always-offer-all-agenda-tags~ is honored. + +*** Clocktable option =:formula %= now shows the per-file time percentages + +This change only has an effect when multiple files are contributing to +a given clocktable (such as when =:scope agenda= has been specified). +The existing behavior is that such tables have an extra 'File' column, +and each individual file that contributes has its own summary line +with the headline value '*File time*'. Those summary rows also +produce a rollup time value for the file in the 'Time' column. + +Prior to this change, the built-in =%= formula did not produce a +calculation for those per-file times in the '%' column (the relevant +cells in the '%' column were blank). With this change, the percentage +contribution of each individual file time to the total time is shown. + +The more agenda files you have, the more useful this behavior becomes. + +*** =ob-python.el= improvements to =:return= header argument + +The =:return= header argument in =ob-python= now works for session +blocks as well as non-session blocks. Also, it now works with the +=:epilogue= header argument -- previously, setting the =:return= +header would cause the =:epilogue= to be ignored. + +This change allows more easily moving boilerplate out of the main code +block and into the header. For example, for plotting, we need to add +boilerplate to save the figure to a file and return the +filename. Instead of doing this within the code block, we can now +handle it through the header arguments as follows: + +#+BEGIN_SRC org +,#+header: :var fname="/home/jack/tmp/plot.svg" +,#+header: :epilogue plt.savefig(fname) +,#+header: :return fname +,#+begin_src python :results value file + import matplotlib, numpy + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + fig=plt.figure(figsize=(4,2)) + x=numpy.linspace(-15,15) + plt.plot(numpy.sin(x)/x) + fig.tight_layout() +,#+end_src + +,#+RESULTS: +[[file:/home/jack/tmp/plot.svg]] +#+END_SRC + +As another example, we can use =:return= with the external [[https://pypi.org/project/tabulate/][tabulate]] +package, to convert pandas Dataframes into orgmode tables: + +#+begin_src org +,#+header: :prologue from tabulate import tabulate +,#+header: :return tabulate(table, headers=table.columns, tablefmt="orgtbl") +,#+begin_src python :results value raw :session + import pandas as pd + table = pd.DataFrame({ + "a": [1,2,3], + "b": [4,5,6] + }) +,#+end_src + +,#+RESULTS: +| | a | b | +|---+---+---| +| 0 | 1 | 4 | +| 1 | 2 | 5 | +| 2 | 3 | 6 | +#+end_src + +*** Display images with width proportional to the buffer text width + +Previously, if you used a =:width= attribute like =#+attr_html: :width 70%= or +=#+attr_latex: :width 0.7\linewidth= this would be interpreted as a 70px wide and +0.7px wide width specification respectively. + +Now, percentages are transformed into floats (i.e. 70% becomes 0.7), +and float width specifications between 0.0 and 2.0 are now interpreted +as that portion of the text width in the buffer. For instance, the +above examples of =70%= and =0.7\linewidth= will result in an image +with width equal to the pixel-width of the buffer text multiplied by 0.7. + +This functionality is implemented in a new function, +~org-display-inline-image--width~ which contains the width +determination logic previously in ~org-display-inline-images~ and the +new behaviour. + +** New options +*** Option ~org-hidden-keywords~ now also applies to #+SUBTITLE: + +The option ~org-hidden-keywords~ previously applied +to #+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+DATE:, and #+EMAIL:. Now it can also be +used to hide the #+SUBTITLE: keyword. + +*** New formatting directive ~%L~ for org-capture + +The new ~%L~ formatting directive contains the bare link target, and +may be used to create links with programmatically generated +descriptions. + +*** New option ~org-id-ts-format~ + +Earlier, IDs generated using =ts= method had a hard-coded format (i.e. =20200923T160237.891616=). +The new option allows user to customise the format. +Defaults are unchanged. + +*** New argument for ~file-desc~ babel header + +It is now possible to provide the =file-desc= header argument for a +babel source block but omit the description by passing an empty vector +as an argument (i.e., :file-desc []). This can be useful because +providing =file-desc= without an argument results in the result of +=file= being used in the description. Previously, the only way to +omit a file description was to omit the header argument entirely, +which made it difficult/impossible to provide a default value for +=file-desc=. + +*** New option to set ~org-link-file-path-type~ to a function + +~org-link-file-path-type~ can now be set to a function that takes the +full filename as an argument and returns the path to link to. + +For example, if you use ~project.el~, you can set this function to use +relative links within a project as follows: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq (org-link-file-path-type + (lambda (path) + (let* ((proj (project-current)) + (root (if proj (project-root proj) default-directory))) + (if (string-prefix-p (expand-file-name root) path) + (file-relative-name path) + (abbreviate-file-name path)))))) +#+end_src + +*** New options and new behavior for babel LaTeX SVG image files + +Org babel now uses a two-stage process for converting latex source +blocks to SVG image files (when the extension of the output file is +~.svg~). The first stage in the process converts the latex block into +a PDF file, which is then converted into an SVG file in the second +stage. The TeX->PDF part uses the existing infrastructure for +~org-babel-latex-tex-to-pdf~. The PDF->SVG part uses a command +specified in a new customization, +~org-babel-latex-pdf-svg-process~. By default, this uses inkscape for +conversion, but since it is fully customizable, any other command can +be used in its place. For instance, dvisvgm might be used here. This +two-part processing replaces the previous use of htlatex to process +LaTeX directly to SVG (htlatex is still used for HTML conversion). + +Conversion to SVG exposes a number of additional customizations that +give the user full control over the contents of the latex source +block. ~org-babel-latex-preamble~, ~org-babel-latex-begin-env~ and +~org-babel-latex-end-env~ are new customization options added to allow +the user to specify the preamble and code that preceedes and proceeds +the contents of the source block. + +*** New option ~org-html-meta-tags~ allows for HTML meta tags customization + +New variable ~org-html-meta-tags~ makes it possible to customize the +== tags used in an HTML export. Accepts either a static list of +values, or a function that generates such a list (see +~org-html-meta-tags-default~ as an example of the latter). + +*** Option ~org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions~ now supports collecting bulk arguments + +When specifying a custom agenda bulk option, you can now also specify +a function which collects the arguments to be used with each call to +the custom function. + +*** New faces to improve the contextuality of Org agenda views + +Four new faces improve certain styles and offer more flexibility for +some Org agenda views: ~org-agenda-date-weekend-today~, +~org-imminent-deadline~, ~org-agenda-structure-secondary~, +~org-agenda-structure-filter~. They inherit from existing faces in +order to remain backward-compatible. + +Quoting from [[https://list.orgmode.org/87lf7q7gpq.fsf@protesilaos.com/][this thread]]: + +#+begin_quote ++ The 'org-imminent-deadline' is useful to disambiguate generic + warnings from deadlines. For example, a warning could be rendered + in a yellow colored text and have a bold weight, whereas a deadline + might be red and styled with italics. + ++ The 'org-agenda-structure-filter' applies to all tag/term filters + in agenda views that search for keywords or patterns. It is + designed to inherit from 'org-agenda-structure' in addition to the + 'org-warning' face that was present before (and removes the + generic 'warning' face from one place). This offers the benefit + of consistency, as, say, an increase in font height or a change in + font family in 'org-agenda-structure' will propagate to the filter + as well. The whole header line thus looks part of a singular + design. + ++ The 'org-agenda-structure-secondary' complements the above for those + same views where a description follows the header. For instance, the + tags view provides information to "Press N r" to filter by a + numbered tag. Themes/users may prefer to disambiguate this line + from the header above it, such as by using a less intense color or by + reducing its height relative to the 'org-agenda-structure'. + ++ The 'org-agenda-date-weekend-today' provides the option to + differentiate the current date on a weekend from the current date on + weekdays. +#+end_quote + +*** New option ~org-clock-ask-before-exiting~ + +By default, a function is now added to ~kill-emacs-query-functions~ +that asks whether to clock out and save when there's a running clock. +Customize ~org-clock-ask-before-exiting~~ to nil to disable this new +behavior. + +*** Option ~org-html-inline-image-rules~ now includes .webp + +By default ox-html now inlines webp images. + +*** ~org-html-head-include-scripts~ is now =nil= by default + +See [[msg:498dbe2e-0cd2-c81e-7960-4a26c566a1f7@memebeam.org][this thread]]. + +*** New option ~org-html-content-class~ + +This is the CSS class name to use for the top level content wrapper. + +*** New option ~org-babel-plantuml-svg-text-to-path~ + +This option, nil by default, allows to add a SVG-specific post-export +step that runs inkscape text-to-path replacement over the output file. + +*** You can now configure ~org-html-scripts~ and ~org-html-style-default~ + +~org-html-scripts~ and ~org-html-style-default~ used to be constants, +you can now configure them. + +*** New option ~org-attach-git-dir~ + +~org-attach-git-dir~ will decide whether to use ~org-attach-git-dir~ +(the default) or use the attachment directory of the current node, if +it is correctly configured as a Git repository. + +*** Some faces now use fixed-pitch + +See [[msg:875z8njaol.fsf@protesilaos.com][this thread]]. + +*** New option ~org-attach-sync-delete-empty-dir~ + +~org-attach-sync-delete-empty-dir~ controls the deletion of an empty +attachment directory at calls of ~org-attach-sync~. There is +Never delete, Always delete and Query the user (default). + +*** ~org-babel-default-header-args~ can now be specified as closures or strings + +~org-babel-default-header-args~ now also accepts closures that +evaluate to a string. Previously, only direct strings were +supported. These closures are evaluated when point is at the source +block, which allows them to make use of contextual information at the +relevant source block. One example that illustrates the usefulness of +this addition (also given in the documentation for +~org-babel-default-header-args~) is: + +#+begin_src elisp +(defun org-src-sha () + (let ((elem (org-element-at-point))) + (concat (sha1 (org-element-property :value elem)) \".svg\"))) + +(setq org-babel-default-header-args:latex + `((:results . \"file link replace\") + (:file . (lambda () (org-src-sha))))) +#+end_src + +This will set the ~:file~ header argument to the sha1 checksum of the +contents of the current latex source block. + +Finally, the closures are only evaluated if they're not overridden for +a source block. This improves efficiency in cases where the result of +a compute-expensive closure would otherwise be discarded. + +** Miscellaneous +*** =org-bibtex= includes =doi= and =url= entries when exporting to BiBTeX +=doi= and =url= entries have been made optional for some publication +types and will be exported if present for those types. +*** Missing or empty placeholders in "eval" macros are now =nil= +They used to be the empty string. +*** =org-goto-first-child= now works before first heading + +When point is before first heading =org-goto-first-child= will move +point to the first child heading, or return nil if no heading exist +in buffer. This is in line with the fact that everything before first +heading is regarded as outline level 0, i.e. the parent level of all +headings in the buffer. + +Previously =org-goto-first-child= would do nothing before first +heading, except return nil. + +*** Faces of all the heading text elements now conform to the headline face + +In the past, faces of todo keywords, emphasised text, tags, and +priority cookies inherited =default= face. The resulting headline +fontification was not always consistent, as discussed in [[https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-orgmode/2020-09/msg00331.html][this bug +report]]. Now, the relevant faces adapt to face used to fontify the +current headline level. + +Users who prefer to keep the old behaviour should change their face +customisation explicitly stating that =default= face is inherited. + +Example of old face customisation: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keyword-faces '(("TODO" + :background "chocolate" + :height 0.75))) +#+end_src + +To preserve the old behaviour the above customisation should be +changed to + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(setq org-todo-keyword-faces '(("TODO" + :inherit default + :background "chocolate" + :height 0.75))) +#+end_src + +*** Storing ID-links before first heading uses title as description + +Storing links to files using ~org-store-link~ (==) when +~org-id-link-to-org-use-id~ is not nil will now store the title as +description of the link, if available. If no title exists it falls +back to the filename as before. + +*** Change in =org-tags-expand= signature + +The function does not allow for a third optional parameter anymore. +*** LaTeX environment =#+results= are now removed + +If a babel src block produces a raw LaTeX environment, it will now be +recognised as a result, and so replaced when re-evaluated. + +*** Tag completion now uses =completing-read-multiple= + +Tag completion now uses =completing-read-multiple= with a simple +completion table, which should allow better interoperability with +custom completion functions. + +*** Providing =directory-empty-p= from Emacs 28 as =org-directory-empty-p= + +*** =org-get-last-sibling= marked as obsolete + +Use =org-get-previous-sibling= instead. This is just a rename to have +a more consistent naming. E.g. recall the pair of funtctions +=next-line= / =previous-line=. + +*** Make org-protocol compatible with =URLSearchParams= JavaScript class + +Decoder of query part of org-protocol URI recognizes "+" as an encoded +space characters now, so it is possible to avoid call to =encodeURIComponent= +for each parameter and use more readable expression in bookmarklet: + +#+begin_example +'org-protocol://store-link?' + new URLSearchParams({ + url: location.href, title: document.title}) +#+end_example + +*** Remove obsolete LaTeX packages from ~org-latex-default-packages-alist~ + +The LaTeX packages =grffile= and =textcomp= are redundant, with their +capabilities being merged into =graphicx= and the LaTeX core +respectively a while ago. + +* Version 9.4 +** Incompatible changes +*** Possibly broken internal file links: please check and fix + +A bug has been affecting internal links to headlines, like + +: [[*Headline][A link to a headline]] + +Storing a link to a headline may have been broken in your setup and +those links may appear as + +: [[*TODO Headline][A link to a headline]] + +Following the link above will result in an error: the TODO keyword +should not be part of internal file links. + +You can use the following command to fix links in an Org buffer: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(defun org-fix-links () + "Fix ill-formatted internal links. +E.g. replace [[*TODO Headline][headline]] by [[*Headline][headline]]. +Go through the buffer and ask for the replacement." + (interactive) + (visible-mode 1) + (save-excursion + (goto-char (point-min)) + (let ((regexp (format "\\[\\[\\*%s\\s-+" + (regexp-opt org-todo-keywords-1 t)))) + (while (re-search-forward regexp nil t) + (when (and (save-excursion + (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) + (looking-at-p org-link-bracket-re)) + (y-or-n-p "Fix link (remove TODO keyword)? ")) + (replace-match "[[*"))))) + (visible-mode -1)) +#+end_src + +*** Calling conventions changes when opening or exporting custom links + +This changes affects export back-ends, and libraries providing new +link types. + +Function used in ~:follow~ link parameter is required to accept a +second argument. Likewise, function used in ~:export~ parameter needs +to accept a fourth argument. See ~org-link-set-parameters~ for +details. + +Eventually, the function ~org-export-custom-protocol-maybe~ is now +called with a fourth argument. Even though the 3-arguments definition +is still supported, at least for now, we encourage back-end developers +to switch to the new signature. + +*** Python session return values must be top-level expression statements + +Python blocks with ~:session :results value~ header arguments now only +return a value if the last line is a top-level expression statement. +Also, when a None value is returned, "None" will be printed under +"#+RESULTS:", as it already did with ~:results value~ for non-session +blocks. + +*** In HTML export, change on how outline-container-* is set + +When the headline has a =CUSTOM_ID=, use this custom id to build the +div id. For example, if you have =:CUSTOM_ID: my-headline= then the +resulting
will be ~
~. + +You may want to check whether your HTML files are rendered differently +after this change. + +*** New keybinding == for ~org-force-cycle-archived~ + +~org-force-cycle-archived~ used to be associated with == but +this keybinding is used in Emacs for navigating tabs in Emacs. The +new keybinding is ==. + +** New default settings for some options + +These options now default to =t=: + +- ~org-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region~ +- ~org-fontify-done-headline~ +- ~org-src-tab-acts-natively~ + +You may want to read the docstrings of these options to understand the +consequences of this change. + +Also, ~org-startup-folded~ now defaults to ~showeverything~. + +** New features + +*** =RET= and =C-j= now obey ~electric-indent-mode~ + +Since Emacs 24.4, ~electric-indent-mode~ is enabled by default. In +most major modes, this causes =RET= to reindent the current line and +indent the new line, and =C-j= to insert a newline without indenting. + +Org mode now obeys this minor mode: when ~electric-indent-mode~ is +enabled, and point is neither in a table nor on a timestamp or a link: + +- =RET= (bound to ~org-return~) reindents the current line and indents + the new line; +- =C-j= (bound to the new command ~org-return-and-maybe-indent~) + merely inserts a newline. + +To get the previous behaviour back, disable ~electric-indent-mode~ +explicitly: + +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook (lambda () (electric-indent-local-mode -1))) +#+end_src + +Alternatively, if you wish to keep =RET= as the "smart-return" key, +but dislike Org's default indentation of sections, you may prefer to +customize ~org-adapt-indentation~ to either nil or =headline-data=. + +*** New allowed value for ~org-adapt-indentation~ + +~org-adapt-indentation~ now accepts a new value, =headline-data=. + +When set to this value, Org will only adapt indentation of headline +data lines, such as planning/clock lines and property/logbook drawers. +Also, with this setting, =org-indent-mode= will keep these data lines +correctly aligned with the headline above. + +*** Looping agenda commands over headlines + +~org-agenda-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region~ allows you to loop +agenda commands over the active region. + +When set to =t= (the default), loop over all headlines. When set to +='start-level=, loop over headlines with the same level as the first +headline in the region. When set to a string, loop over lines +matching this regular expression. + +*** New minor mode ~org-table-header-line-mode~ + +Turn on the display of the first data row of the table at point in the +window header line when this first row is not visible anymore in the +buffer. + +You can activate this minor mode by default by setting the option +~org-table-header-line-p~ to =t=. You can also change the face for +the header line by customizing the ~org-table-header~ face. + +*** New minor mode ~org-list-checkbox-radio-mode~ + +When this minor mode is on, checkboxes behave as radio buttons: if a +checkbox is turned on, other checkboxes at the same level are turned +off. + +If you want to occasionally toggle a checkbox as a radio button +without turning this minor mode on, you can use == to +call ~org-toggle-radio-button~. + +You can also add =#+ATTR_ORG: :radio t= right before the list to tell +Org to use radio buttons for this list only. + +*** Numeric priorities are now allowed (up to 65) + +You can now set ~org-priority-highest/lowest/default~ to integers to +use numeric priorities globally or set, for example + +#+PRIORITIES: 1 10 5 + +to define a buffer-local range and default for priorities. Priority +commands should work as usual. You cannot use numbers superior to 64 +for numeric priorities, as it would clash with priorities like [#A] +where the "A" is internally converted to its numeric value of 65. + +*** Property drawers allowed before first headline + +Property drawers are now allowed before the first headline. + +Org mode is moving more towards making things before the first +headline behave just as if it was at outline level 0. Inheritance for +properties will work also for this level. In other words: defining +things in a property drawer before the first headline will make them +"inheritable" for all headlines. + +*** Refinement in window behavior on exiting Org source buffer + +After editing a source block, Org will restore the window layout when +~org-src-window-setup~ is set to a value that modifies the layout. + +*** Display remote inline images + +Org now knows how to display remote images inline. + +Whether the images are actually displayed is controlled by the new +option ~org-display-remote-inline-images~. + +*** New option to resolve open clock at a provided time + +~org-resolve-clocks~ now has a `t' option, which works just like the +`k' option, but the user specifies a time of day, not a number of +minutes. + +*** New step value =semimonth= accepted for clock tables + +*** Allow text rescaling in column view + +You can now use =C-x C-+= in column view: the columns face size will +increase or decrease, together with the column header size. + +*** New startup option =#+startup: num= + +When this startup option is set, display headings as numerated. + +Use =#+startup: nonum= to turn this off. + +*** New tool for custom links + +Org provides a new tool ~org-link-open-as-file~, useful when defining +new link types similar to "file"-type links. See docstring for +details. + +*** New optional numeric argument for ~org-return~ + +In situations where ~org-return~ calls ~newline~, multiple newlines +can now be inserted with this prefix argument. + +*** New source code block header argument =:file-mode= + +Source code block header argument =:file-mode= can set file +permissions if =:file= argument is provided. + +*** =ob-C.el= allows the inclusion of non-system header files + +In C and C++ blocks, ~:includes~ arguments that do not start with a +~<~ character will now be formatted as double-quoted ~#include~ +statements. + +*** =ob-clojure.el= supports inf-clojure.el and ClojureScript evaluation + +You can now set ~(setq org-babel-clojure-backend 'inf-clojure)~ and +evaluate Clojure source blocks using [[https://github.com/clojure-emacs/inf-clojure][inf-clojure]]. With a header +argument like =:alias "alias"= the Clojure REPL will boot with +=clojure -Aalias=. Otherwise Clojure will boot with =lein=, =boot= or +=tools.deps=, depending on whether the current directory contains a +=project.clj=, =build.boot= or =deps.edn=, falling back on +~inf-clojure-generic-cmd~ in case no such file is present. + +Also, when using [[https://github.com/clojure-emacs/cider][cider]], you can now use =#+begin_src clojurescript= to +execute ClojureScript code from Org files. Note that this works only +if your Org file is associated with a cider session that knows how to +run ClojureScript code. A bare =lein repl= session outside of a +directory configured for ClojureScript will /not/ work. + +*** =ob-java.el= supports Java command line arguments + +Babel Java blocks recognize header argument =:cmdargs= and pass its +value in call to =java=. + +*** =ob-screen.el= now accepts =:screenrc= header argument + +Screen blocks now recognize the =:screenrc= header argument and pass +its value to the screen command via the "-c" option. The default +remains =/dev/null= (i.e. a clean screen session) + +*** =ob-plantuml=: now supports using PlantUML executable to generate diagrams + +Set =org-plantuml-exec-mode= to ='plantuml= in order to use the +executable instead of JAR. When using an executable it is also +possible to configure executable location as well as arguments via: +=org-plantuml-executable-path= and =org-plantuml-executable-args=. + +** New commands +*** ~org-table-header-line-mode~ + +Turn on a minor mode to display the first data row of the table at +point in the header-line when the beginning of the table is invisible. + +*** ~org-agenda-ctrl-c-ctrl-c~ + +Hitting == in an agenda view now calls ~org-agenda-set-tags~. + +*** ~org-hide-entry~ + +This command is the counterpart of ~org-show-entry~. + +*** ~org-columns-toggle-or-columns-quit~ + +== bound to ~org-columns-toggle-or-columns-quit~ replaces the +recent ~org-columns-set-tags-or-toggle~. Tag setting is still +possible via column view value edit or with ==. + +*** ~org-datetree-find-month-create~ + +Find or create a month entry for a date. + +** New options and settings +*** New option ~org-html-prefer-user-labels~ + +When non-nil, use =NAME= affiliated keyword, or raw target values, to +generate anchor's ID. Otherwise, consistently use internal naming +scheme. + +=CUSTOM_ID= values are still always used, when available. +*** New option for using tabs in ~org-agenda-window-setup~ + +Choosing ~other-tab~ for ~org-agenda-window-setup~ will open the +agenda view in a new tab. This will work with versions of Emacs since +27.1 when ~tab-bar-mode~ was introduced. + +*** New option ~org-table-header-line-p~ + +Setting this option to =t= will activate ~org-table-header-line-mode~ +in org-mode buffers. + +*** New option ~org-startup-numerated~ + +When this option is =t=, Org files will start using ~(org-num-mode 1)~ +and headings will be visually numerated. + +You can turn this on/off on a per-file basis with =#+startup: num= or +=#+startup: nonum=. + +*** New option ~org-clock-auto-clockout-timer~ + +When this option is set to a number and the user configuration +contains =(org-clock-auto-clockout-insinuate)=, Org will clock out the +currently clocked in task after that number of seconds of idle time. + +This is useful when you often forget to clock out before being idle +and don't want to have to manually set the clocking time to take into +account. + +*** New option to group captured datetime entries by month + +A new `:tree-type month' option was added to org-capture-templates to +group new datetime entries by month. + +*** New option to show source buffers using "plain" display-buffer + +There is a new option ~plain~ to ~org-src-window-setup~ to show source +buffers using ~display-buffer~. This allows users to control how +source buffers are displayed by modifying ~display-buffer-alist~ or +~display-buffer-base-action~. + +*** New option ~org-archive-subtree-save-file-p~ + +Archiving a subtree used to always save the target archive buffer. +Commit [[git::b186d1d7][b186d1d7]] changed this behavior by always not saving the target +buffer, because batch archiving from agenda could take too much time. + +This new option ~org-archive-subtree-save-file-p~ defaults to the +value =from-org= so that archiving a subtree will save the target +buffer when done from an org-mode buffer, but not from the agenda. +You can also set this option to =t= or to =from-agenda=. + +*** New option ~org-show-notification-timeout~ + +This option will add a timeout to notifications. + +*** New option ~org-latex-to-html-convert-command~ + +This new option allows you to convert a LaTeX fragment directly into +HTML. + +*** New option ~org-babel-shell-results-defaults-to-output~ + +By default, source code blocks are executed in "functional mode": it +means that the results of executing them are the value of their last +statement (see [[https://orgmode.org/manual/Results-of-Evaluation.html][the documentation]].) + +The value of a shell script's execution is its exit code. But most +users expect the results of executing a shell script to be its output, +not its exit code. + +So we introduced this option, that you can set to nil if you want to +stick using ~:results value~ as the implicit header. + +In all Babel libraries, the absence of a ~:results~ header should +produce the same result than setting ~:results value~, unless there is +an option to explicitly create an exception. + +See [[msg:CA+A2iZaziAfMeGpBqL6qGrzrWEVvLvC0DUw++T4gCF3NGuW-DQ@mail.gmail.com][this thread]] for more context. + +*** New option in ~org-attach-store-link-p~ + +~org-attach-store-link-p~ has a new option to store a file link to the +attachment. +*** New option ~org-fontify-todo-headline~ + +This feature is the same as ~org-fontify-done-headline~, but for TODO +headlines instead. This allows you to distinguish TODO headlines from +normal headlines. The face can be customized via ~org-headline-todo~. + +*** New default value for ~org-file-apps~ + +The new value uses Emacs as the application for opening directory. + +*** New hook ~org-agenda-filter-hook~ + +Functions in this hook are run after ~org-agenda-filter~ is called. + +** Removed or renamed functions and variables +*** Deprecated ~org-flag-drawer~ function + +Use ~org-hide-drawer-toggle~ instead. + +*** Deprecated ~org-hide-block-toggle-maybe~ function + +Use ~org-hide-block-toggle~ instead. + +*** Deprecated ~org-hide-block-toggle-all~ function + +This function was not used in the code base, and has no clear use +either. It has been marked for future removal. Please contact the +mailing list if you use this function. + +*** Deprecated ~org-return-indent~ function + +In Elisp code, use ~(org-return t)~ instead. Interactively, =C-j= is +now bound to ~org-return-and-maybe-indent~, which indents the new line +when ~electric-indent-mode~ is disabled. + +*** Removed ~org-maybe-keyword-time-regexp~ + +The variable was not used in the code base. + +*** Removed ~org-export-special-keywords~ + +The variable was not used in the code base. + +*** Renamed ~org-at-property-block-p~ + +The new name is ~org-at-property-drawer-p~, which is less confusing. + +*** Renamed ~org-columns-set-tags-or-toggle~ + +See [[*~org-columns-toggle-or-columns-quit~]]. + +*** Renamed priority options + +From ~org-lowest-priority~ to ~org-priority-lowest~. +From ~org-default-priority~ to ~org-priority-default~. +From ~org-highest-priority~ to ~org-priority-highest~. +From ~org-enable-priority-commands~ to ~org-priority-enable-commands~. +From ~org-show-priority~ to ~org-priority-show~. + +** Miscellaneous +*** =ob-screen.el= now respects screen =:session= name + +Screen babel session are now named based on the =:session= header +argument (defaults to ~default~). + +Previously all session names had ~org-babel-session-~ prepended. + +*** Forward/backward paragraph functions in line with the rest of Emacs + +~org-forward-paragraph~ and ~org-backward-paragraph~, bound to +~~ and ~~ functions mimic more closely behaviour of +~forward-paragraph~ and ~backward-paragraph~ functions when +available. + +They also accept an optional argument for multiple calls. + +See their docstring for details. +*** ~org-table-to-lisp~ no longer checks if point is at a table + +The caller is now responsible for the check. It can use, e.g., +~org-at-table-p~. + +The function is also much more efficient than it used to be, even on +very large tables. + +*** New function ~org-collect-keywords~ +*** Drawers' folding use an API similar to block's + +Tooling for folding drawers interactively or programmatically is now +on par with block folding. In particular, ~org-hide-drawer-toggle~, +a new function, is the central place for drawer folding. + +*** Duration can be read and written in compact form + +~org-duration-to-minutes~ understands =1d3h5min= as a duration, +whereas ~org-duration-from-minutes~ can output this compact form if +the duration format contains the symbol ~compact~. + +*** C-n, C-p, SPC and DEL in agenda commands dispatch window + +You can now use ==, ==, == and == key to scroll up +and down the agenda and attach dispatch window. + +*** == in agenda calls ~org-agenda-set-tags~ + +Both == and == set the tags of the headline in the +Org buffer. Both keybindings are now available from the agenda too. + +*** Allow to use an empty HTML extension + +Using =(setq org-html-extension "")= or setting the HTML extension in +any fashion will produce the expected output, with no trailing period +to the resulting HTML file. + +*** Handle repeated tasks with =.+= type and hours step + +A task using a =.+= repeater and hours step is repeated starting from +now. E.g., + +#+begin_example +,,** TODO Wash my hands + DEADLINE: <2019-04-05 08:00 Sun .+1h> + Marking this DONE shifts the date to exactly one hour from now. +#+end_example + +*** The format of equation reference in HTML export can now be specified + +By default, HTML (via MathJax) and LaTeX export equation references +using different commands. LaTeX must use ~\ref{%s}~ because it is used +for all labels; however, HTML (via MathJax) uses ~\eqref{%s}~ for +equations producing inconsistent output. New option +~org-html-equation-reference-format~ sets the command used in HTML +export. + +*** =ob-haskell.el= supports compilation with =:compile= header argument + +By default, Haskell blocks are interpreted. By adding =:compile yes= +to a Haskell source block, it will be compiled, executed and the +results will be displayed. + +*** Support for ~org-edit-special~ with LaTeX fragments + +Calling ~org-edit-special~ on an inline LaTeX fragment calls a new +function, ~org-edit-latex-fragment~. This functions in a comparable +manner to editing inline source blocks, bringing up a minibuffer set +to LaTeX mode. The math-mode deliminators are read only. + +*** ~org-capture-current-plist~ is now accessible during ~org-capture-mode-hook~ +*** New =org-refile.el= file + +Org refile variables and functions have been moved to a new file. + +*** The end of a 7 years old bug + +This bug [[https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-orgmode/2013-08/msg00072.html][originally reported]] by Matt Lundin and investigated by Andrew +Hyatt has been fixed. Thanks to both of them. + * Version 9.3 ** Incompatible changes @@ -137,7 +1247,7 @@ Export ignore done tasks with a deadline when Likewise, scheduled done tasks are also ignored when ~org-icalendar-use-scheduled~ contains the same symbol. -*** Add split-window-right option for src block edit window placement +*** Add ~split-window-right~ option for src block edit window placement Given the increasing popularity of wide screen monitors, splitting horizontally may make more sense than splitting vertically. An @@ -207,7 +1317,7 @@ removed. For those who hate breaking changes, even though the changes are made to clean things up; fear not. ATTACH_DIR will still continue to work. It's just not documented any longer. When you get the chance, run the -code above to clean things up anyways! +code above to clean things up anyway! **** New hooks Two hooks are added to org-attach: @@ -360,7 +1470,6 @@ the headline to use for making the table of contents. ,* Another section ,#+TOC: headlines 1 :target "#TargetSection" #+end_example - ** New functions *** ~org-dynamic-block-insert-dblock~ @@ -470,6 +1579,16 @@ I.e. treat the whole file as if it was a subtree. *** Respect narrowing when agenda command is restricted to buffer +*** ~org-table-insert-column~ inserts the column at point position + +Before, the new column was inserted to the right of the column at +point position. + +*** Table column deletion now consistent with row deletion + +Point stays in the column at deletion, except when deleting the +rightmost column. + * Version 9.2 ** Incompatible changes *** Removal of OrgStruct mode mode and radio lists @@ -480,7 +1599,7 @@ and ~org-list-radio-lists-templates~) are removed from the code base. Note that only radio /lists/ have been removed, not radio tables. If you want to manipulate lists like in Org in other modes, we suggest -to use orgalist.el, which you can install from GNU ELPA. +to use =orgalist.el=, which you can install from GNU ELPA. If you want to use Org folding outside of Org buffers, you can have a look at the outshine package in the MELPA repository. @@ -648,7 +1767,7 @@ With this output format, create a link to the file specified in #+begin_example ,#+begin_src shell :dir "data/tmp" :results link :file "crackzor_1.0.c.gz" -wget -c "http://ben.akrin.com/crackzor/crackzor_1.0.c.gz" +wget -c "https://ben.akrin.com/crackzor/crackzor_1.0.c.gz" ,#+end_src ,#+results: @@ -988,7 +2107,9 @@ Use "/!" markup when filtering TODO keywords to get only not-done TODO keywords. *** ~org-split-string~ returns ~("")~ when called on an empty string + It used to return nil. + *** Removal of =ob-scala.el= See [[https://github.com/ensime/emacs-scala-mode/issues/114][this github issue]]. @@ -1056,7 +2177,8 @@ before this let form. Creation of a new setting to specify the Cider timeout. By setting the =org-babel-clojure-sync-nrepl-timeout= setting option. The value -is in seconds and if set to =nil= then no timeout will occur. +is in seconds and if set to nil then no timeout will occur. + **** Clojure: new header ~:show-process~ A new block code header has been created for Org Babel that enables @@ -1099,7 +2221,7 @@ this ~:prologue "fpprintprec: 2; linel: 50;"~ for presenting Maxima results in a beamer presentation. **** PlantUML: add support for header arguments -[[http://plantuml.com/][Plantuml]] source blocks now support the [[https://orgmode.org/manual/prologue.html#prologue][~:prologue~]], [[https://orgmode.org/manual/epilogue.html#epilogue][~:epilogue~]] and +[[https://plantuml.com/][Plantuml]] source blocks now support the [[https://orgmode.org/manual/prologue.html#prologue][~:prologue~]], [[https://orgmode.org/manual/epilogue.html#epilogue][~:epilogue~]] and [[https://orgmode.org/manual/var.html#var][~:var~]] header arguments. **** SQL: new engine added ~sqsh~ @@ -1272,9 +2394,8 @@ removed from Gnus circa September 2010. *** ~org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all~ is removed. -For an equivalent to a ~nil~ value, set -~org-agenda-show-future-repeats~ to nil and -~org-agenda-prefer-last-repeat~ to ~t~. +For an equivalent to a nil value, set ~org-agenda-show-future-repeats~ +to nil and ~org-agenda-prefer-last-repeat~ to =t=. *** ~org-gnus-nnimap-query-article-no-from-file~ is removed. @@ -1292,7 +2413,7 @@ equivalent to the removed format string. *** ~org-enable-table-editor~ is removed. -Setting it to a ~nil~ value broke some other features (e.g., speed +Setting it to a nil value broke some other features (e.g., speed keys). *** ~org-export-use-babel~ cannot be set to ~inline-only~ @@ -1373,16 +2494,20 @@ is now obsolete. Now ~=...=~ markup uses ~@samp{}~ instead of ~@verb{}~. You can use ~@verb{}~ again by customizing the variable. + *** Texinfo exports example blocks as ~@example~ *** Texinfo exports inline source blocks as ~@code{}~ *** Texinfo default table markup is ~@asis~ + It used to be ~@samp~ but ~@asis~ is neutral and, therefore, more suitable as a default value. + *** Texinfo default process includes ~--no-split~ option *** New entities : ~\dollar~ and ~\USD~ *** Support for date style URLs in =org-protocol://open-source= - URLs like =https://cool-blog.com/2017/05/20/cool-post/= are - covered by rewrite rules. + +URLs like =https://cool-blog.com/2017/05/20/cool-post/= are covered by +rewrite rules. *** Add (C) =COMMENT= support to ~org-structure-template-alist~ @@ -1472,7 +2597,7 @@ Moreover, ~:export-block~ keyword used in ~org-export-define-backend~ and ~org-export-define-derived-backend~ is no longer used and needs to be removed. -*** Footnotes +*** Footnotes changes **** [1]-like constructs are not valid footnotes @@ -1731,7 +2856,7 @@ The postgresql engine in a sql code block supports now ~:dbport~ nd **** Support for additional plantuml output formats -The support for output formats of [[http://plantuml.com/][plantuml]] has been extended to now +The support for output formats of [[https://plantuml.com/][plantuml]] has been extended to now include: All Diagrams: @@ -1764,7 +2889,7 @@ Alice <-- Bob: another authentication Response #+end_src Please note that *pdf* *does not work out of the box* and needs additional -setup in addition to plantuml. See [[http://plantuml.com/pdf.html]] for +setup in addition to plantuml. See [[https://plantuml.com/pdf.html]] for details and setup information. *** Rewrite of radio lists @@ -2212,7 +3337,7 @@ without changing the headline. *** Hierarchies of tags -The functionality of nesting tags in hierarchies is added to org-mode. +The functionality of nesting tags in hierarchies is added to Org mode. This is the generalization of what was previously called "Tag groups" in the manual. That term is now changed to "Tag hierarchy". @@ -2894,11 +4019,11 @@ then inline code snippets will be wrapped into the formatting string. ** New contributed packages - =ox-bibtex.el= by Nicolas Goaziou :: an utility to handle BibTeX - export to both LaTeX and HTML exports. It uses the [[http://www.lri.fr/~filliatr/bibtex2html/][bibtex2html]] + export to both LaTeX and HTML exports. It uses the [[https://www.lri.fr/~filliatr/bibtex2html/][bibtex2html]] software. - =org-screenshot.el= by Max Mikhanosha :: an utility to handle - screenshots easily from Org, using the external tool [[http://freecode.com/projects/scrot][scrot]]. + screenshots easily from Org, using the external tool [[https://freecode.com/projects/scrot][scrot]]. ** Miscellaneous @@ -3049,7 +4174,7 @@ manual for details and check [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-8.0.html][this Worg *** ~ox-md.el~ by Nicolas Goaziou =ox-md.el= allows you to export Org files to Markdown files, using the - vanilla [[http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/][Markdown syntax]]. + vanilla [[https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/][Markdown syntax]]. *** ~ox-texinfo.el~ by Jonathan Leech-Pepin @@ -3059,14 +4184,14 @@ manual for details and check [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-8.0.html][this Worg *** ~ob-julia.el~ by G. Jay Kerns - [[http://julialang.org/][Julia]] is a new programming language. + [[https://julialang.org/][Julia]] is a new programming language. =ob-julia.el= provides Org Babel support for evaluating Julia source code. *** ~ob-mathomatic.el~ by Luis Anaya - [[http://www.mathomatic.org/][mathomatic]] a portable, command-line, educational CAS and calculator + [[https://www.mathomatic.org/][mathomatic]] a portable, command-line, educational CAS and calculator software, written entirely in the C programming language. ~ob-mathomatic.el~ provides Org Babel support for evaluating mathomatic @@ -3074,7 +4199,7 @@ manual for details and check [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-8.0.html][this Worg *** ~ob-tcl.el~ by Luis Anaya - ~ob-tcl.el~ provides Org Babel support for evaluating [[http://www.tcl.tk/][Tcl]] source code. + ~ob-tcl.el~ provides Org Babel support for evaluating [[https://www.tcl.tk/][Tcl]] source code. *** ~org-bullets.el~ by Evgeni Sabof @@ -3100,7 +4225,7 @@ manual for details and check [[https://orgmode.org/worg/org-8.0.html][this Worg presentations. ~ox-deck.el~ exports Org files to HTML presentations using =deck.js=. - [[http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/][s5]] is a set of scripts which also allows to display HTML pages as + [[https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/][s5]] is a set of scripts which also allows to display HTML pages as presentations. ~ox-s5.el~ exports Org files to HTML presentations using =s5=. @@ -3207,13 +4332,13 @@ forward and backward. Now Org will sort this list -: - [[http://abc.org][B]] -: - [[http://def.org][A]] +: - [[https://abc.org][B]] +: - [[https://def.org][A]] like this: -: - [[http://def.org][A]] -: - [[http://abc.org][B]] +: - [[https://def.org][A]] +: - [[https://abc.org][B]] by comparing the descriptions, not the links. Same when sorting headlines instead of list items. @@ -3717,8 +4842,8 @@ found here: https://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-outside-org.html Here are two screencasts demonstrating Thorsten's tools: -- [[http://youtu.be/nqE6YxlY0rw]["Modern conventions for Emacs Lisp files"]] -- [[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DII-xYw5VGFM][Exploring Bernt Hansen's Org-mode tutorial with 'navi-mode']] +- [[https://youtu.be/nqE6YxlY0rw]["Modern conventions for Emacs Lisp files"]] +- [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DII-xYw5VGFM][Exploring Bernt Hansen's Org-mode tutorial with 'navi-mode']] *** MobileOrg for iOS @@ -3748,7 +4873,7 @@ lines even if `org-use-tag-inheritance' was nil. The default is now to *never* display inherited tags in agenda lines, but to /know/ about them when the agenda type is listed in [[doc::org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance][org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance]]. -** New default value nil for [[doc::org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks][org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks]] +** New default value =nil= for [[doc::org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks][org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks]] Using `nil' as the default value speeds up the agenda generation. You can hit `#' (or `C-u #') in agenda buffers to temporarily dim (or turn @@ -4101,7 +5226,7 @@ See https://orgmode.org/elpa/ You can temporarily activate continuous clocking with =C-u C-u C-u M-x= [[doc::org-clock-in][org-clock-in]] =RET= (three universal prefix arguments) - and =C-u C-u M-x= [[org-clock-in-last][org-clock-in-last]] =RET= (two universal prefix + and =C-u C-u M-x= [[doc::org-clock-in-last][org-clock-in-last]] =RET= (two universal prefix arguments). @@ -4577,7 +5702,7 @@ that Calc formulas can operate on them. The new system has a technically cleaner implementation and more possibilities for capturing different types of data. See - [[http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.orgmode/26441/focus%3D26441][Carsten's announcement]] for more details. + [[msg:C46F10DC-DE51-43D4-AFFE-F71E440D1E1F@gmail.com][Carsten's announcement]] for more details. To switch over to the new system: @@ -4708,7 +5833,7 @@ that Calc formulas can operate on them. **** Modified link escaping - David Maus worked on `org-link-escape'. See [[http://article.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.orgmode/37888][his message]]: + David Maus worked on `org-link-escape'. See [[msg:87k4gysacq.wl%dmaus@ictsoc.de][his message]]: : Percent escaping is used in Org mode to escape certain characters : in links that would either break the parser (e.g. square brackets @@ -5147,7 +6272,7 @@ that Calc formulas can operate on them. Thanks to Nicolas Goaziou for coding these changes. -**** A property value of "nil" now means to unset a property +**** A property value of =nil= now means to unset a property This can be useful in particular with property inheritance, if some upper level has the property, and some grandchild of it diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/README b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/README new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a9212207 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/README @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +These data files are used by Org's oc-csl.el library. + +LICENSE INFORMATION + +chicago-author-date.csl +locales-en-US.xml + + Both of these files are part of the Citation Style Language (CSL) + project () and are released under the + Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/chicago-author-date.csl b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/chicago-author-date.csl new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8c133354 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/chicago-author-date.csl @@ -0,0 +1,658 @@ + + diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/locales-en-US.xml b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/locales-en-US.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..be78c5e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/csl/locales-en-US.xml @@ -0,0 +1,357 @@ + + + + + Andrew Dunning + + + Sebastian Karcher + + + Rintze M. Zelle + + This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License + 2015-10-10T23:31:02+00:00 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + accessed + and + and others + anonymous + anon. + at + available at + by + circa + c. + cited + + edition + editions + + ed. + et al. + forthcoming + from + ibid. + in + in press + internet + interview + letter + no date + n.d. + online + presented at the + + reference + references + + + ref. + refs. + + retrieved + scale + version + + + AD + BC + + + “ + ” + ‘ + ’ + – + + + th + st + nd + rd + th + th + th + + + first + second + third + fourth + fifth + sixth + seventh + eighth + ninth + tenth + + + + book + books + + + chapter + chapters + + + column + columns + + + figure + figures + + + folio + folios + + + number + numbers + + + line + lines + + + note + notes + + + opus + opera + + + page + pages + + + page + pages + + + paragraph + paragraphs + + + part + parts + + + section + sections + + + sub verbo + sub verbis + + + verse + verses + + + volume + volumes + + + + + bk. + bks. + + + chap. + chaps. + + + col. + cols. + + + fig. + figs. + + + fol. + fols. + + + no. + nos. + + + l. + ll. + + + n. + nn. + + + op. + opp. + + + p. + pp. + + + p. + pp. + + + para. + paras. + + + pt. + pts. + + + sec. + secs. + + + s.v. + s.vv. + + + v. + vv. + + + vol. + vols. + + + + + ¶ + ¶¶ + + + § + §§ + + + + + director + directors + + + editor + editors + + + editor + editors + + + illustrator + illustrators + + + translator + translators + + + editor & translator + editors & translators + + + + + dir. + dirs. + + + ed. + eds. + + + ed. + eds. + + + ill. + ills. + + + tran. + trans. + + + ed. & tran. + eds. & trans. + + + + by + directed by + edited by + edited by + illustrated by + interview by + to + by + translated by + edited & translated by + + + dir. by + ed. by + ed. by + illus. by + trans. by + ed. & trans. by + + + January + February + March + April + May + June + July + August + September + October + November + December + + + Jan. + Feb. + Mar. + Apr. + May + Jun. + Jul. + Aug. + Sep. + Oct. + Nov. + Dec. + + + Spring + Summer + Autumn + Winter + + diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/etc/styles/OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/styles/OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml similarity index 100% rename from elpa/org-20200127/etc/styles/OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/styles/OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/etc/styles/OrgOdtStyles.xml b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/styles/OrgOdtStyles.xml similarity index 100% rename from elpa/org-20200127/etc/styles/OrgOdtStyles.xml rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/styles/OrgOdtStyles.xml diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/etc/styles/README b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/styles/README similarity index 95% rename from elpa/org-20200127/etc/styles/README rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/styles/README index 100c577e..07126fc3 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/etc/styles/README +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/etc/styles/README @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ The files OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml and OrgOdtStyles.xml have the following copyright information: -Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 2010-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. These files are part of GNU Emacs. diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/local.mk b/elpa/org-9.5.2/local.mk new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f21da7fb --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/local.mk @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + +# Remove "oldorg:" to switch to "all" as the default target. +# Change "oldorg:" to an existing target to make that target the default, +# or define your own target here to become the default target. +oldorg: # do what the old Makefile did by default. + +##---------------------------------------------------------------------- +## CHECK AND ADAPT THE FOLLOWING DEFINITIONS +##---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Name of your emacs binary +EMACS = emacs + +# Where local software is found +prefix = /usr/share + +# Where local lisp files go. +lispdir= $(prefix)/emacs/site-lisp/org + +# Where local data files go. +datadir = $(prefix)/emacs/etc/org + +# Where info files go. +infodir = $(prefix)/info + +# Define if you only need info documentation, the default includes html and pdf +#ORG_MAKE_DOC = info # html pdf + +# Define which git branch to switch to during update. Does not switch +# the branch when undefined. +GIT_BRANCH = + +# Where to create temporary files for the testsuite +# respect TMPDIR if it is already defined in the environment +TMPDIR ?= /tmp +testdir = $(TMPDIR)/tmp-orgtest + +# Configuration for testing +# add options before standard load-path +BTEST_PRE = +# add options after standard load path +BTEST_POST = + # -L /ert # needed for Emacs23, Emacs24 has ert built in + # -L /ess # needed for running R tests + # -L /htmlize # need at least version 1.34 for source code formatting +BTEST_OB_LANGUAGES = awk C fortran maxima lilypond octave perl python + # R # requires ESS to be installed and configured + # ruby # requires inf-ruby to be installed and configured +# extra packages to require for testing +BTEST_EXTRA = + # ess-site # load ESS for R tests +# See default.mk for further configuration options. diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-C.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-C.el similarity index 77% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-C.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-C.el index 3a26bc01..842e0d3e 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-C.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-C.el @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ ;;; ob-C.el --- Babel Functions for C and Similar Languages -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2010-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte ;; Thierry Banel +;; Maintainer: Thierry Banel ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research ;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org @@ -94,8 +95,7 @@ This function calls `org-babel-execute:C++'." (org-babel-execute:C++ body params)) (defun org-babel-expand-body:cpp (body params) - "Expand a block of C++ code with org-babel according to its -header arguments." + "Expand a block of C++ code with org-babel according to its header arguments." (org-babel-expand-body:C++ body params)) (defun org-babel-execute:C++ (body params) @@ -104,8 +104,7 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'cpp)) (org-babel-C-execute body params))) (defun org-babel-expand-body:C++ (body params) - "Expand a block of C++ code with org-babel according to its -header arguments." + "Expand a block of C++ code with org-babel according to its header arguments." (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'cpp)) (org-babel-C-expand-C++ body params))) (defun org-babel-execute:D (body params) @@ -114,8 +113,7 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'd)) (org-babel-C-execute body params))) (defun org-babel-expand-body:D (body params) - "Expand a block of D code with org-babel according to its -header arguments." + "Expand a block of D code with org-babel according to its header arguments." (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'd)) (org-babel-C-expand-D body params))) (defun org-babel-execute:C (body params) @@ -124,8 +122,7 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'c)) (org-babel-C-execute body params))) (defun org-babel-expand-body:C (body params) - "Expand a block of C code with org-babel according to its -header arguments." + "Expand a block of C code with org-babel according to its header arguments." (let ((org-babel-c-variant 'c)) (org-babel-C-expand-C body params))) (defun org-babel-C-execute (body params) @@ -182,7 +179,7 @@ or `org-babel-execute:C++' or `org-babel-execute:D'." cmdline))) ""))) (when results - (setq results (org-trim (org-remove-indentation results))) + (setq results (org-remove-indentation results)) (org-babel-reassemble-table (org-babel-result-cond (cdr (assq :result-params params)) (org-babel-read results t) @@ -196,13 +193,11 @@ or `org-babel-execute:C++' or `org-babel-execute:D'." ))) (defun org-babel-C-expand-C++ (body params) - "Expand a block of C or C++ code with org-babel according to -its header arguments." + "Expand a block of C/C++ code with org-babel according to its header arguments." (org-babel-C-expand-C body params)) (defun org-babel-C-expand-C (body params) - "Expand a block of C or C++ code with org-babel according to -its header arguments." + "Expand a block of C/C++ code with org-babel according to its header arguments." (let ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params)) (colnames (cdr (assq :colname-names params))) (main-p (not (string= (cdr (assq :main params)) "no"))) @@ -232,7 +227,13 @@ its header arguments." (list ;; includes (mapconcat - (lambda (inc) (format "#include %s" inc)) + (lambda (inc) + ;; :includes '( ) gives us a list of + ;; symbols; convert those to strings. + (when (symbolp inc) (setq inc (symbol-name inc))) + (if (string-prefix-p "<" inc) + (format "#include %s" inc) + (format "#include \"%s\"" inc))) includes "\n") ;; defines (mapconcat @@ -251,15 +252,21 @@ its header arguments." (when colnames (org-babel-C-utility-header-to-C)) ;; tables headers - (mapconcat 'org-babel-C-header-to-C colnames "\n") + (mapconcat (lambda (head) + (let* ((tblnm (car head)) + (tbl (cdr (car (let* ((el vars)) + (while (not (or (equal tblnm (caar el)) (not el))) + (setq el (cdr el))) + el)))) + (type (org-babel-C-val-to-base-type tbl))) + (org-babel-C-header-to-C head type))) colnames "\n") ;; body (if main-p (org-babel-C-ensure-main-wrap body) body) "\n") "\n"))) (defun org-babel-C-expand-D (body params) - "Expand a block of D code with org-babel according to -its header arguments." + "Expand a block of D code with org-babel according to its header arguments." (let ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params)) (colnames (cdr (assq :colname-names params))) (main-p (not (string= (cdr (assq :main params)) "no"))) @@ -283,7 +290,14 @@ its header arguments." (when colnames (org-babel-C-utility-header-to-C)) ;; tables headers - (mapconcat 'org-babel-C-header-to-C colnames "\n") + (mapconcat (lambda (head) + (let* ((tblnm (car head)) + (tbl (cdr (car (let* ((el vars)) + (while (not (or (equal tblnm (caar el)) (not el))) + (setq el (cdr el))) + el)))) + (type (org-babel-C-val-to-base-type tbl))) + (org-babel-C-header-to-C head type))) colnames "\n") ;; body (if main-p (org-babel-C-ensure-main-wrap body) @@ -327,7 +341,7 @@ FORMAT can be either a format string or a function which is called with VAL." (list (if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) "string" "const char*") "\"%s\"")) - (_ (error "unknown type %S" basetype))))) + (_ (error "Unknown type %S" basetype))))) (cond ((integerp val) type) ;; an integer declared in the #+begin_src line ((floatp val) type) ;; a numeric declared in the #+begin_src line @@ -335,7 +349,9 @@ FORMAT can be either a format string or a function which is called with VAL." `(,(car type) (lambda (val) (cons - (format "[%d][%d]" (length val) (length (car val))) + (pcase org-babel-c-variant + ((or `c `cpp) (format "[%d][%d]" (length val) (length (car val)))) + (`d (format "[%d][%d]" (length (car val)) (length val)))) (concat (if (eq org-babel-c-variant 'd) "[\n" "{\n") (mapconcat @@ -382,8 +398,7 @@ FORMAT can be either a format string or a function which is called with VAL." (t 'stringp))) (defun org-babel-C-var-to-C (pair) - "Convert an elisp val into a string of C code specifying a var -of the same value." + "Convert an elisp val into a string of C code specifying a var of the same value." ;; TODO list support (let ((var (car pair)) (val (cdr pair))) @@ -396,11 +411,19 @@ of the same value." (formatted (org-babel-C-format-val type-data val)) (suffix (car formatted)) (data (cdr formatted))) - (format "%s %s%s = %s;" - type - var - suffix - data)))) + (pcase org-babel-c-variant + ((or `c `cpp) + (format "%s %s%s = %s;" + type + var + suffix + data)) + (`d + (format "%s%s %s = %s;" + type + suffix + var + data)))))) (defun org-babel-C-table-sizes-to-C (pair) "Create constants of table dimensions, if PAIR is a table." @@ -415,11 +438,15 @@ of the same value." (format "const int %s_cols = %d;" (car pair) (length (cdr pair))))))) (defun org-babel-C-utility-header-to-C () - "Generate a utility function to convert a column name -into a column number." + "Generate a utility function to convert a column name into a column number." (pcase org-babel-c-variant ((or `c `cpp) - "int get_column_num (int nbcols, const char** header, const char* column) + (concat + " +#ifndef _STRING_H +#include +#endif +int get_column_num (int nbcols, const char** header, const char* column) { int c; for (c=0; c.+] \\)*\\[1\\] \"ob_comint_async_R_\\(.+?\\)_\\(.+\\)\"$" + 'org-babel-chomp + 'ob-session-async-R-value-callback) + (cl-case result-type + (value + (let ((tmp-file (org-babel-temp-file "R-"))) + (with-temp-buffer + (insert + (org-babel-chomp body)) + (let ((ess-local-process-name + (process-name (get-buffer-process session)))) + (ess-eval-buffer nil))) + (with-temp-buffer + (insert + (mapconcat + 'org-babel-chomp + (list (format org-babel-R-write-object-command + (if row-names-p "TRUE" "FALSE") + (if column-names-p + (if row-names-p "NA" "TRUE") + "FALSE") + ".Last.value" + (org-babel-process-file-name tmp-file 'noquote)) + (format ob-session-async-R-indicator + "file" tmp-file)) + "\n")) + (let ((ess-local-process-name + (process-name (get-buffer-process session)))) + (ess-eval-buffer nil))) + tmp-file)) + (output + (let ((uuid (md5 (number-to-string (random 100000000)))) + (ess-local-process-name + (process-name (get-buffer-process session)))) + (with-temp-buffer + (insert (format ob-session-async-R-indicator + "start" uuid)) + (insert "\n") + (insert body) + (insert "\n") + (insert (format ob-session-async-R-indicator + "end" uuid)) + (setq ess-eval-visibly-tmp ess-eval-visibly) + (setq user-inject-src-param ess-inject-source) + (setq ess-eval-visibly nil) + (setq ess-inject-source 'function-and-buffer) + (ess-eval-buffer nil)) + (setq ess-eval-visibly ess-eval-visibly-tmp) + (setq ess-inject-source user-inject-src-param) + uuid)))) + +(defun ob-session-async-R-value-callback (params tmp-file) + "Callback for async value results. +Assigned locally to `ob-session-async-file-callback' in R +comint buffers used for asynchronous Babel evaluation." + (let* ((graphics-file (and (member "graphics" (assq :result-params params)) + (org-babel-graphical-output-file params))) + (colnames-p (unless graphics-file (cdr (assq :colnames params))))) + (org-babel-R-process-value-result + (org-babel-result-cond (assq :result-params params) + (with-temp-buffer + (insert-file-contents tmp-file) + (org-babel-chomp (buffer-string) "\n")) + (org-babel-import-elisp-from-file tmp-file '(16))) + (or (equal "yes" colnames-p) + (org-babel-pick-name + (cdr (assq :colname-names params)) colnames-p))))) + + + +;;; ob-session-async-R.el ends here +(provide 'ob-R) ;;; ob-R.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-awk.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-awk.el similarity index 92% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-awk.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-awk.el index 74bbc4c2..28e9d327 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-awk.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-awk.el @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ ;;; ob-awk.el --- Babel Functions for Awk -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2011-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2011-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte +;; Maintainer: Tyler Smith ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research ;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org @@ -58,12 +59,12 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." (code-file (let ((file (org-babel-temp-file "awk-"))) (with-temp-file file (insert full-body)) file)) (stdin (let ((stdin (cdr (assq :stdin params)))) - (when stdin - (let ((tmp (org-babel-temp-file "awk-stdin-")) - (res (org-babel-ref-resolve stdin))) - (with-temp-file tmp - (insert (org-babel-awk-var-to-awk res))) - tmp)))) + (when stdin + (let ((tmp (org-babel-temp-file "awk-stdin-")) + (res (org-babel-ref-resolve stdin))) + (with-temp-file tmp + (insert (org-babel-awk-var-to-awk res))) + tmp)))) (cmd (mapconcat #'identity (append (list org-babel-awk-command @@ -106,6 +107,4 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." (provide 'ob-awk) - - ;;; ob-awk.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-calc.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-calc.el similarity index 96% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-calc.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-calc.el index 85bcf1d4..5962d387 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-calc.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-calc.el @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ ;;; ob-calc.el --- Babel Functions for Calc -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2010-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte +;; Maintainer: Tom Gillespie ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research ;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org @@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ (save-excursion (with-current-buffer (get-buffer "*Calculator*") (prog1 - (calc-eval (calc-top 1)) + (calc-eval (calc-top 1)) (calc-pop 1))))) (defun org-babel-calc-maybe-resolve-var (el) @@ -105,6 +106,4 @@ (provide 'ob-calc) - - ;;; ob-calc.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-clojure.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-clojure.el new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3b995d94 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-clojure.el @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +;;; ob-clojure.el --- Babel Functions for Clojure -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- + +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +;; Author: Joel Boehland, Eric Schulte, Oleh Krehel, Frederick Giasson +;; Maintainer: Bastien Guerry +;; +;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research +;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org + +;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. + +;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +;; (at your option) any later version. + +;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +;; GNU General Public License for more details. + +;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . + +;;; Commentary: + +;; Support for evaluating clojure code + +;; Requirements: + +;; - clojure (at least 1.2.0) +;; - clojure-mode +;; - inf-clojure, cider or SLIME + +;; For clojure-mode, see https://github.com/clojure-emacs/clojure-mode +;; For cider, see https://github.com/clojure-emacs/cider +;; For inf-clojure, see https://github.com/clojure-emacs/cider + +;; For SLIME, the best way to install these components is by following +;; the directions as set out by Phil Hagelberg (Technomancy) on the +;; web page: https://technomancy.us/126 + +;;; Code: +(require 'ob) + +(declare-function cider-current-connection "ext:cider-client" (&optional type)) +(declare-function cider-current-ns "ext:cider-client" ()) +(declare-function inf-clojure "ext:inf-clojure" (cmd)) +(declare-function inf-clojure-cmd "ext:inf-clojure" (project-type)) +(declare-function inf-clojure-eval-string "ext:inf-clojure" (code)) +(declare-function inf-clojure-project-type "ext:inf-clojure" ()) +(declare-function nrepl-dict-get "ext:nrepl-client" (dict key)) +(declare-function nrepl-sync-request:eval "ext:nrepl-client" (input connection &optional ns tooling)) +(declare-function sesman-start-session "ext:sesman" (system)) +(declare-function slime-eval "ext:slime" (sexp &optional package)) + +(defvar cider-buffer-ns) + +(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts) +(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("clojure" . "clj")) +(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("clojurescript" . "cljs")) + +(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:clojure '()) +(defvar org-babel-header-args:clojure '((ns . :any) (package . :any))) +(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:clojurescript '()) +(defvar org-babel-header-args:clojurescript '((package . :any))) + +(defcustom org-babel-clojure-backend nil + "Backend used to evaluate Clojure code blocks." + :group 'org-babel + :type '(choice + (const :tag "inf-clojure" inf-clojure) + (const :tag "cider" cider) + (const :tag "slime" slime) + (const :tag "Not configured yet" nil))) + +(defcustom org-babel-clojure-default-ns "user" + "Default Clojure namespace for source block when finding ns failed." + :type 'string + :group 'org-babel) + +(defun org-babel-expand-body:clojure (body params) + "Expand BODY according to PARAMS, return the expanded body." + (let* ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params)) + (ns (or (cdr (assq :ns params)) + (if (eq org-babel-clojure-backend 'cider) + (or cider-buffer-ns + (let ((repl-buf (cider-current-connection))) + (and repl-buf (buffer-local-value + 'cider-buffer-ns repl-buf)))) + org-babel-clojure-default-ns))) + (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) + (print-level nil) + (print-length nil) + ;; Remove comments, they break (let [...] ...) bindings + (body (replace-regexp-in-string "^[ ]*;+.*$" "" body)) + (body (org-trim + (concat + ;; Source block specified namespace :ns. + (and (cdr (assq :ns params)) (format "(ns %s)\n" ns)) + ;; Variables binding. + (if (null vars) (org-trim body) + (format "(let [%s]\n%s)" + (mapconcat + (lambda (var) + (format "%S %S" (car var) (cdr var))) + vars + "\n ") + body)))))) + (if (or (member "code" result-params) + (member "pp" result-params)) + (format "(clojure.pprint/pprint (do %s))" body) + body))) + +(defvar ob-clojure-inf-clojure-filter-out) +(defvar ob-clojure-inf-clojure-tmp-output) +(defun ob-clojure-inf-clojure-output (s) + "Store a trimmed version of S in a variable and return S." + (let ((s0 (org-trim + (replace-regexp-in-string + ob-clojure-inf-clojure-filter-out "" s)))) + (push s0 ob-clojure-inf-clojure-tmp-output)) + s) + +(defmacro ob-clojure-with-temp-expanded (expanded params &rest body) + "Run BODY on EXPANDED code block with PARAMS." + (declare (debug (body)) (indent 2)) + `(with-temp-buffer + (insert ,expanded) + (goto-char (point-min)) + (while (not (looking-at "\\s-*\\'")) + (let* ((beg (point)) + (end (progn (forward-sexp) (point))) + (exp (org-babel-expand-body:clojure + (buffer-substring beg end) ,params))) + (sit-for .1) + ,@body)))) + +(defsubst ob-clojure-string-or-list (l) + "Convert list L into a string or a list of list." + (if (and (listp l) (= (length l) 1)) + (car l) + (mapcar #'list l))) + +(defvar inf-clojure-buffer) +(defvar comint-prompt-regexp) +(defvar inf-clojure-comint-prompt-regexp) +(defun ob-clojure-eval-with-inf-clojure (expanded params) + "Evaluate EXPANDED code block with PARAMS using inf-clojure." + (condition-case nil (require 'inf-clojure) + (user-error "inf-clojure not available")) + ;; Maybe initiate the inf-clojure session + (unless (and inf-clojure-buffer + (buffer-live-p (get-buffer inf-clojure-buffer))) + (save-window-excursion + (let* ((alias (cdr (assq :alias params))) + (cmd0 (inf-clojure-cmd (inf-clojure-project-type))) + (cmd (if alias (replace-regexp-in-string + "clojure" (format "clojure -A%s" alias) + cmd0) + cmd0))) + (setq comint-prompt-regexp inf-clojure-comint-prompt-regexp) + (funcall-interactively #'inf-clojure cmd) + (goto-char (point-max)))) + (sit-for 1)) + ;; Now evaluate the code + (setq ob-clojure-inf-clojure-filter-out + (concat "^nil\\|nil$\\|\\s-*" + (or (cdr (assq :ns params)) + org-babel-clojure-default-ns) + "=>\\s-*")) + (add-hook 'comint-preoutput-filter-functions + #'ob-clojure-inf-clojure-output) + (setq ob-clojure-inf-clojure-tmp-output nil) + (ob-clojure-with-temp-expanded expanded nil + (inf-clojure-eval-string exp)) + (sit-for .5) + (remove-hook 'comint-preoutput-filter-functions + #'ob-clojure-inf-clojure-output) + ;; And return the result + (ob-clojure-string-or-list + (delete nil + (mapcar + (lambda (s) + (unless (or (equal "" s) + (string-match-p "^Clojure" s)) + s)) + (reverse ob-clojure-inf-clojure-tmp-output))))) + +(defun ob-clojure-eval-with-cider (expanded params) + "Evaluate EXPANDED code block with PARAMS using cider." + (condition-case nil (require 'cider) + (user-error "cider not available")) + (let ((connection (cider-current-connection (cdr (assq :target params)))) + (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) + result0) + (unless connection (sesman-start-session 'CIDER)) + (if (not connection) + ;; Display in the result instead of using `user-error' + (setq result0 "Please reevaluate when nREPL is connected") + (ob-clojure-with-temp-expanded expanded params + (let ((response (nrepl-sync-request:eval exp connection))) + (push (or (nrepl-dict-get response "root-ex") + (nrepl-dict-get response "ex") + (nrepl-dict-get + response (if (or (member "output" result-params) + (member "pp" result-params)) + "out" + "value"))) + result0))) + (ob-clojure-string-or-list + (reverse (delete "" (mapcar (lambda (r) + (replace-regexp-in-string "nil" "" r)) + result0))))))) + +(defun ob-clojure-eval-with-slime (expanded params) + "Evaluate EXPANDED code block with PARAMS using slime." + (condition-case nil (require 'slime) + (user-error "slime not available")) + (with-temp-buffer + (insert expanded) + (slime-eval + `(swank:eval-and-grab-output + ,(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))) + (cdr (assq :package params))))) + +(defun org-babel-execute:clojure (body params) + "Execute a block of Clojure code with Babel." + (unless org-babel-clojure-backend + (user-error "You need to customize org-babel-clojure-backend")) + (let* ((expanded (org-babel-expand-body:clojure body params)) + (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) + result) + (setq result + (cond + ((eq org-babel-clojure-backend 'inf-clojure) + (ob-clojure-eval-with-inf-clojure expanded params)) + ((eq org-babel-clojure-backend 'cider) + (ob-clojure-eval-with-cider expanded params)) + ((eq org-babel-clojure-backend 'slime) + (ob-clojure-eval-with-slime expanded params)))) + (org-babel-result-cond result-params + result + (condition-case nil (org-babel-script-escape result) + (error result))))) + +(defun org-babel-execute:clojurescript (body params) + "Evaluate BODY with PARAMS as ClojureScript code." + (org-babel-execute:clojure body (cons '(:target . "cljs") params))) + +(provide 'ob-clojure) + +;;; ob-clojure.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-comint.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-comint.el new file mode 100644 index 00000000..20ae76fa --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-comint.el @@ -0,0 +1,312 @@ +;;; ob-comint.el --- Babel Functions for Interaction with Comint Buffers -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- + +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +;; Author: Eric Schulte +;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research, comint +;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org + +;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. + +;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +;; (at your option) any later version. + +;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +;; GNU General Public License for more details. + +;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . + +;;; Commentary: + +;; These functions build on comint to ease the sending and receiving +;; of commands and results from comint buffers. + +;; Note that the buffers in this file are analogous to sessions in +;; org-babel at large. + +;;; Code: +(require 'ob-core) +(require 'org-compat) +(require 'comint) + +(defun org-babel-comint-buffer-livep (buffer) + "Check if BUFFER is a comint buffer with a live process." + (let ((buffer (when buffer (get-buffer buffer)))) + (and buffer (buffer-live-p buffer) (get-buffer-process buffer) buffer))) + +(defmacro org-babel-comint-in-buffer (buffer &rest body) + "Check BUFFER and execute BODY. +BUFFER is checked with `org-babel-comint-buffer-livep'. BODY is +executed inside the protection of `save-excursion' and +`save-match-data'." + (declare (indent 1) (debug t)) + `(progn + (unless (org-babel-comint-buffer-livep ,buffer) + (error "Buffer %s does not exist or has no process" ,buffer)) + (save-match-data + (with-current-buffer ,buffer + (save-excursion + (let ((comint-input-filter (lambda (_input) nil))) + ,@body)))))) + +(defmacro org-babel-comint-with-output (meta &rest body) + "Evaluate BODY in BUFFER and return process output. +Will wait until EOE-INDICATOR appears in the output, then return +all process output. If REMOVE-ECHO and FULL-BODY are present and +non-nil, then strip echo'd body from the returned output. META +should be a list containing the following where the last two +elements are optional. + + (BUFFER EOE-INDICATOR REMOVE-ECHO FULL-BODY) + +This macro ensures that the filter is removed in case of an error +or user `keyboard-quit' during execution of body." + (declare (indent 1) (debug (sexp body))) + (let ((buffer (nth 0 meta)) + (eoe-indicator (nth 1 meta)) + (remove-echo (nth 2 meta)) + (full-body (nth 3 meta))) + `(org-babel-comint-in-buffer ,buffer + (let* ((string-buffer "") + (comint-output-filter-functions + (cons (lambda (text) (setq string-buffer (concat string-buffer text))) + comint-output-filter-functions)) + dangling-text) + ;; got located, and save dangling text + (goto-char (process-mark (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)))) + (let ((start (point)) + (end (point-max))) + (setq dangling-text (buffer-substring start end)) + (delete-region start end)) + ;; pass FULL-BODY to process + ,@body + ;; wait for end-of-evaluation indicator + (while (progn + (goto-char comint-last-input-end) + (not (save-excursion + (and (re-search-forward + (regexp-quote ,eoe-indicator) nil t) + (re-search-forward + comint-prompt-regexp nil t))))) + (accept-process-output (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)))) + ;; replace cut dangling text + (goto-char (process-mark (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)))) + (insert dangling-text) + + ;; remove echo'd FULL-BODY from input + (when (and ,remove-echo ,full-body + (string-match + (replace-regexp-in-string + "\n" "[\r\n]+" (regexp-quote (or ,full-body ""))) + string-buffer)) + (setq string-buffer (substring string-buffer (match-end 0)))) + (split-string string-buffer comint-prompt-regexp))))) + +(defun org-babel-comint-input-command (buffer cmd) + "Pass CMD to BUFFER. +The input will not be echoed." + (org-babel-comint-in-buffer buffer + (goto-char (process-mark (get-buffer-process buffer))) + (insert cmd) + (comint-send-input) + (org-babel-comint-wait-for-output buffer))) + +(defun org-babel-comint-wait-for-output (buffer) + "Wait until output arrives from BUFFER. +Note: this is only safe when waiting for the result of a single +statement (not large blocks of code)." + (org-babel-comint-in-buffer buffer + (while (progn + (goto-char comint-last-input-end) + (not (and (re-search-forward comint-prompt-regexp nil t) + (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) + (string= (face-name (face-at-point)) + "comint-highlight-prompt")))) + (accept-process-output (get-buffer-process buffer))))) + +(defun org-babel-comint-eval-invisibly-and-wait-for-file + (buffer file string &optional period) + "Evaluate STRING in BUFFER invisibly. +Don't return until FILE exists. Code in STRING must ensure that +FILE exists at end of evaluation." + (unless (org-babel-comint-buffer-livep buffer) + (error "Buffer %s does not exist or has no process" buffer)) + (when (file-exists-p file) (delete-file file)) + (process-send-string + (get-buffer-process buffer) + (if (= (aref string (1- (length string))) ?\n) string (concat string "\n"))) + (while (not (file-exists-p file)) (sit-for (or period 0.25)))) + + +;;; Async evaluation + +(defvar-local org-babel-comint-async-indicator nil + "Regular expression that `org-babel-comint-async-filter' scans for. +It should have 2 parenthesized expressions, +e.g. \"org_babel_async_\\(start\\|end\\|file\\)_\\(.*\\)\". The +first parenthesized expression determines whether the token is +delimiting a result block, or whether the result is in a file. +If delimiting a block, the second expression gives a UUID for the +location to insert the result. Otherwise, the result is in a tmp +file, and the second expression gives the file name.") + +(defvar-local org-babel-comint-async-buffers nil + "List of Org mode buffers to check for Babel async output results.") + +(defvar-local org-babel-comint-async-file-callback nil + "Callback to clean and insert Babel async results from a temp file. +The callback function takes two arguments: the alist of params of the Babel +source block, and the name of the temp file.") + +(defvar-local org-babel-comint-async-chunk-callback nil + "Callback function to clean Babel async output results before insertion. +Its single argument is a string consisting of output from the +comint process. It should return a string that will be be passed +to `org-babel-insert-result'.") + +(defvar-local org-babel-comint-async-dangling nil + "Dangling piece of the last process output, in case +`org-babel-comint-async-indicator' is spread across multiple +comint outputs due to buffering.") + +(defun org-babel-comint-use-async (params) + "Determine whether to use session async evaluation. +PARAMS are the header arguments as passed to +`org-babel-execute:lang'." + (let ((async (assq :async params)) + (session (assq :session params))) + (and async + (not org-babel-exp-reference-buffer) + (not (equal (cdr async) "no")) + (not (equal (cdr session) "none"))))) + +(defun org-babel-comint-async-filter (string) + "Captures Babel async output from comint buffer back to Org mode buffers. +This function is added as a hook to `comint-output-filter-functions'. +STRING contains the output originally inserted into the comint buffer." + ;; Remove outdated Org mode buffers + (setq org-babel-comint-async-buffers + (cl-loop for buf in org-babel-comint-async-buffers + if (buffer-live-p buf) + collect buf)) + (let* ((indicator org-babel-comint-async-indicator) + (org-buffers org-babel-comint-async-buffers) + (file-callback org-babel-comint-async-file-callback) + (combined-string (concat org-babel-comint-async-dangling string)) + (new-dangling combined-string) + ;; list of UUID's matched by `org-babel-comint-async-indicator' + uuid-list) + (with-temp-buffer + (insert combined-string) + (goto-char (point-min)) + (while (re-search-forward indicator nil t) + ;; update dangling + (setq new-dangling (buffer-substring (point) (point-max))) + (cond ((equal (match-string 1) "end") + ;; save UUID for insertion later + (push (match-string 2) uuid-list)) + ((equal (match-string 1) "file") + ;; insert results from tmp-file + (let ((tmp-file (match-string 2))) + (cl-loop for buf in org-buffers + until + (with-current-buffer buf + (save-excursion + (goto-char (point-min)) + (when (search-forward tmp-file nil t) + (org-babel-previous-src-block) + (let* ((info (org-babel-get-src-block-info)) + (params (nth 2 info)) + (result-params + (cdr (assq :result-params params)))) + (org-babel-insert-result + (funcall file-callback + (nth + 2 (org-babel-get-src-block-info)) + tmp-file) + result-params info)) + t)))))))) + ;; Truncate dangling to only the most recent output + (when (> (length new-dangling) (length string)) + (setq new-dangling string))) + (setq-local org-babel-comint-async-dangling new-dangling) + (when uuid-list + ;; Search for results in the comint buffer + (save-excursion + (goto-char (point-max)) + (while uuid-list + (re-search-backward indicator) + (when (equal (match-string 1) "end") + (let* ((uuid (match-string-no-properties 2)) + (res-str-raw + (buffer-substring + ;; move point to beginning of indicator + (- (match-beginning 0) 1) + ;; find the matching start indicator + (cl-loop + do (re-search-backward indicator) + until (and (equal (match-string 1) "start") + (equal (match-string 2) uuid)) + finally return (+ 1 (match-end 0))))) + ;; Apply callback to clean up the result + (res-str (funcall org-babel-comint-async-chunk-callback + res-str-raw))) + ;; Search for uuid in associated org-buffers to insert results + (cl-loop for buf in org-buffers + until (with-current-buffer buf + (save-excursion + (goto-char (point-min)) + (when (search-forward uuid nil t) + (org-babel-previous-src-block) + (let* ((info (org-babel-get-src-block-info)) + (params (nth 2 info)) + (result-params + (cdr (assq :result-params params)))) + (org-babel-insert-result + res-str result-params info)) + t)))) + ;; Remove uuid from the list to search for + (setq uuid-list (delete uuid uuid-list))))))))) + +(defun org-babel-comint-async-register + (session-buffer org-buffer indicator-regexp + chunk-callback file-callback) + "Set local org-babel-comint-async variables in SESSION-BUFFER. +ORG-BUFFER is added to `org-babel-comint-async-buffers' if not +present. `org-babel-comint-async-indicator', +`org-babel-comint-async-chunk-callback', and +`org-babel-comint-async-file-callback' are set to +INDICATOR-REGEXP, CHUNK-CALLBACK, and FILE-CALLBACK +respectively." + (org-babel-comint-in-buffer session-buffer + (setq org-babel-comint-async-indicator indicator-regexp + org-babel-comint-async-chunk-callback chunk-callback + org-babel-comint-async-file-callback file-callback) + (unless (memq org-buffer org-babel-comint-async-buffers) + (setq org-babel-comint-async-buffers + (cons org-buffer org-babel-comint-async-buffers))) + (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions + 'org-babel-comint-async-filter nil t))) + +(defmacro org-babel-comint-async-delete-dangling-and-eval + (session-buffer &rest body) + "Remove dangling text in SESSION-BUFFER and evaluate BODY. +This is analogous to `org-babel-comint-with-output', but meant +for asynchronous output, and much shorter because inserting the +result is delegated to `org-babel-comint-async-filter'." + (declare (indent 1) (debug t)) + `(org-babel-comint-in-buffer ,session-buffer + (goto-char (process-mark (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)))) + (delete-region (point) (point-max)) + ,@body)) + +(provide 'ob-comint) + + + +;;; ob-comint.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-core.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-core.el similarity index 87% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-core.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-core.el index 651561a2..06a2a88c 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-core.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-core.el @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ;;; ob-core.el --- Working with Code Blocks -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Authors: Eric Schulte ;; Dan Davison @@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ (defvar org-link-file-path-type) (defvar org-src-lang-modes) (defvar org-src-preserve-indentation) +(defvar org-babel-tangle-uncomment-comments) (declare-function org-at-item-p "org-list" ()) (declare-function org-at-table-p "org" (&optional table-type)) @@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ (declare-function org-element-type "org-element" (element)) (declare-function org-entry-get "org" (pom property &optional inherit literal-nil)) (declare-function org-escape-code-in-region "org-src" (beg end)) +(declare-function org-forward-heading-same-level "org" (arg &optional invisible-ok)) (declare-function org-in-commented-heading-p "org" (&optional no-inheritance)) (declare-function org-indent-line "org" ()) (declare-function org-list-get-list-end "org-list" (item struct prevs)) @@ -67,7 +69,6 @@ (declare-function org-list-to-generic "org-list" (LIST PARAMS)) (declare-function org-list-to-lisp "org-list" (&optional delete)) (declare-function org-macro-escape-arguments "org-macro" (&rest args)) -(declare-function org-make-options-regexp "org" (kwds &optional extra)) (declare-function org-mark-ring-push "org" (&optional pos buffer)) (declare-function org-narrow-to-subtree "org" ()) (declare-function org-next-block "org" (arg &optional backward block-regexp)) @@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ (declare-function org-src-coderef-regexp "org-src" (fmt &optional label)) (declare-function org-src-get-lang-mode "org-src" (lang)) (declare-function org-table-align "org-table" ()) +(declare-function org-table-convert-region "org-table" (beg0 end0 &optional separator)) (declare-function org-table-end "org-table" (&optional table-type)) (declare-function org-table-import "org-table" (file arg)) (declare-function org-table-to-lisp "org-table" (&optional txt)) @@ -164,7 +166,6 @@ This string must include a \"%s\" which will be replaced by the results." "Non-nil means show the time the code block was evaluated in the result hash." :group 'org-babel :type 'boolean - :version "26.1" :package-version '(Org . "9.0") :safe #'booleanp) @@ -238,7 +239,8 @@ should be asked whether to allow evaluation." (if (functionp org-confirm-babel-evaluate) (funcall org-confirm-babel-evaluate ;; Language, code block body. - (nth 0 info) (nth 1 info)) + (nth 0 info) + (org-babel--expand-body info)) org-confirm-babel-evaluate)))) (cond (noeval nil) @@ -288,9 +290,9 @@ environment, to override this check." (format "Evaluate this %s code block%son your system? " lang name-string))) (progn - (message "Evaluation of this %s code block%sis aborted." - lang name-string) - nil))) + (message "Evaluation of this %s code block%sis aborted." + lang name-string) + nil))) (x (error "Unexpected value `%s' from `org-babel-check-confirm-evaluate'" x))))) ;;;###autoload @@ -400,6 +402,7 @@ then run `org-babel-switch-to-session'." (file . :any) (file-desc . :any) (file-ext . :any) + (file-mode . ((#o755 #o555 #o444 :any))) (hlines . ((no yes))) (mkdirp . ((yes no))) (no-expand) @@ -469,7 +472,35 @@ For the format of SAFE-LIST, see `org-babel-safe-header-args'." (defvar org-babel-default-header-args '((:session . "none") (:results . "replace") (:exports . "code") (:cache . "no") (:noweb . "no") (:hlines . "no") (:tangle . "no")) - "Default arguments to use when evaluating a source block.") + "Default arguments to use when evaluating a source block. + +This is a list in which each element is an alist. Each key +corresponds to a header argument, and each value to that header's +value. The value can either be a string or a closure that +evaluates to a string. The closure is evaluated when the source +block is being evaluated (e.g. during execution or export), with +point at the source block. It is not possible to use an +arbitrary function symbol (e.g. 'some-func), since org uses +lexical binding. To achieve the same functionality, call the +function within a closure (e.g. (lambda () (some-func))). + +To understand how closures can be used as default header +arguments, imagine you'd like to set the file name output of a +latex source block to a sha1 of its contents. We could achieve +this with: + +(defun org-src-sha () + (let ((elem (org-element-at-point))) + (concat (sha1 (org-element-property :value elem)) \".svg\"))) + +(setq org-babel-default-header-args:latex + `((:results . \"file link replace\") + (:file . (lambda () (org-src-sha))))) + +Because the closure is evaluated with point at the source block, +the call to `org-element-at-point' above will always retrieve +information about the current source block.") + (put 'org-babel-default-header-args 'safe-local-variable (org-babel-header-args-safe-fn org-babel-safe-header-args)) @@ -487,11 +518,21 @@ For the format of SAFE-LIST, see `org-babel-safe-header-args'." "Regexp matching a NAME keyword.") (defconst org-babel-result-regexp - (format "^[ \t]*#\\+%s\\(?:\\[\\(?:%s \\)?\\([[:alnum:]]+\\)\\]\\)?:[ \t]*" - org-babel-results-keyword - ;; <%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S> - "<\\(?:[0-9]\\{4\\}-[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9] \ -[0-2][0-9]\\(?::[0-5][0-9]\\)\\{2\\}\\)>") + (rx (seq bol + (zero-or-more (any "\t ")) + "#+results" + (opt "[" + ;; Time stamp part. + (opt "(" + (= 4 digit) (= 2 "-" (= 2 digit)) + " " + (= 2 digit) (= 2 ":" (= 2 digit)) + ") ") + ;; SHA1 hash. + (group (one-or-more hex-digit)) + "]") + ":" + (zero-or-more (any "\t ")))) "Regular expression used to match result lines. If the results are associated with a hash key then the hash will be saved in match group 1.") @@ -525,7 +566,7 @@ to raise errors for all languages.") "Number of initial characters to show of a hidden results hash.") (defvar org-babel-after-execute-hook nil - "Hook for functions to be called after `org-babel-execute-src-block'") + "Hook for functions to be called after `org-babel-execute-src-block'.") (defun org-babel-named-src-block-regexp-for-name (&optional name) "Generate a regexp used to match a source block named NAME. @@ -568,7 +609,17 @@ multiple blocks are being executed (e.g., in chained execution through use of the :var header argument) this marker points to the outer-most code block.") -(defvar *this*) +(defun org-babel-eval-headers (headers) + "Compute header list set with HEADERS. + +Evaluate all header arguments set to functions prior to returning +the list of header arguments." + (let ((lst nil)) + (dolist (elem headers) + (if (and (cdr elem) (functionp (cdr elem))) + (push `(,(car elem) . ,(funcall (cdr elem))) lst) + (push elem lst))) + (reverse lst))) (defun org-babel-get-src-block-info (&optional light datum) "Extract information from a source block or inline source block. @@ -622,6 +673,27 @@ a list with the following pattern: (setf (nth 2 info) (org-babel-generate-file-param name (nth 2 info))) info)))) +(defun org-babel--expand-body (info) + "Expand noweb references in body and remove any coderefs." + (let ((coderef (nth 6 info)) + (expand + (if (org-babel-noweb-p (nth 2 info) :eval) + (org-babel-expand-noweb-references info) + (nth 1 info)))) + (if (not coderef) expand + (replace-regexp-in-string + (org-src-coderef-regexp coderef) "" expand nil nil 1)))) + +(defun org-babel--file-desc (params result) + "Retrieve file description." + (pcase (assq :file-desc params) + (`nil nil) + (`(:file-desc) result) + (`(:file-desc . ,(and (pred stringp) val)) val))) + +(defvar *this*) ; Dynamically bound in `org-babel-execute-src-block' + ; and `org-babel-read' + ;;;###autoload (defun org-babel-execute-src-block (&optional arg info params) "Execute the current source code block. @@ -667,17 +739,7 @@ block." ((org-babel-confirm-evaluate info) (let* ((lang (nth 0 info)) (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) - ;; Expand noweb references in BODY and remove any - ;; coderef. - (body - (let ((coderef (nth 6 info)) - (expand - (if (org-babel-noweb-p params :eval) - (org-babel-expand-noweb-references info) - (nth 1 info)))) - (if (not coderef) expand - (replace-regexp-in-string - (org-src-coderef-regexp coderef) "" expand nil nil 1)))) + (body (org-babel--expand-body info)) (dir (cdr (assq :dir params))) (mkdirp (cdr (assq :mkdirp params))) (default-directory @@ -721,7 +783,11 @@ block." (with-temp-file file (insert (org-babel-format-result result - (cdr (assq :sep params)))))) + (cdr (assq :sep params))))) + ;; Set file permissions if header argument + ;; `:file-mode' is provided. + (when (assq :file-mode params) + (set-file-modes file (cdr (assq :file-mode params))))) (setq result file)) ;; Possibly perform post process provided its ;; appropriate. Dynamically bind "*this*" to the @@ -731,8 +797,7 @@ block." (let ((*this* (if (not file) result (org-babel-result-to-file file - (let ((desc (assq :file-desc params))) - (and desc (or (cdr desc) result))))))) + (org-babel--file-desc params result))))) (setq result (org-babel-ref-resolve post)) (when file (setq result-params (remove "file" result-params)))))) @@ -784,27 +849,6 @@ arguments and pop open the results in a preview buffer." expanded (concat "*Org-Babel Preview " (buffer-name) "[ " lang " ]*")) expanded))) -(defun org-babel-edit-distance (s1 s2) - "Return the edit (levenshtein) distance between strings S1 S2." - (let* ((l1 (length s1)) - (l2 (length s2)) - (dist (vconcat (mapcar (lambda (_) (make-vector (1+ l2) nil)) - (number-sequence 1 (1+ l1))))) - (in (lambda (i j) (aref (aref dist i) j)))) - (setf (aref (aref dist 0) 0) 0) - (dolist (j (number-sequence 1 l2)) - (setf (aref (aref dist 0) j) j)) - (dolist (i (number-sequence 1 l1)) - (setf (aref (aref dist i) 0) i) - (dolist (j (number-sequence 1 l2)) - (setf (aref (aref dist i) j) - (min - (1+ (funcall in (1- i) j)) - (1+ (funcall in i (1- j))) - (+ (if (equal (aref s1 (1- i)) (aref s2 (1- j))) 0 1) - (funcall in (1- i) (1- j))))))) - (funcall in l1 l2))) - (defun org-babel-combine-header-arg-lists (original &rest others) "Combine a number of lists of header argument names and arguments." (let ((results (copy-sequence original))) @@ -833,7 +877,7 @@ arguments and pop open the results in a preview buffer." (match-string 4)))))) (dolist (name names) (when (and (not (string= header name)) - (<= (org-babel-edit-distance header name) too-close) + (<= (org-string-distance header name) too-close) (not (member header names))) (error "Supplied header \"%S\" is suspiciously close to \"%S\"" header name)))) @@ -1082,7 +1126,7 @@ end-header-args -- point at the end of the header-args body ------------- string holding the body of the code block beg-body --------- point at the beginning of the body end-body --------- point at the end of the body" - (declare (indent 1)) + (declare (indent 1) (debug t)) (let ((tempvar (make-symbol "file"))) `(let* ((case-fold-search t) (,tempvar ,file) @@ -1121,7 +1165,6 @@ end-body --------- point at the end of the body" (goto-char end-block))))) (unless visited-p (kill-buffer to-be-removed)) (goto-char point)))) -(def-edebug-spec org-babel-map-src-blocks (form body)) ;;;###autoload (defmacro org-babel-map-inline-src-blocks (file &rest body) @@ -1301,10 +1344,9 @@ CONTEXT specifies the context of evaluation. It can be `:eval', "Return the current in-buffer hash." (let ((result (org-babel-where-is-src-block-result nil info))) (when result - (org-with-wide-buffer - (goto-char result) - (looking-at org-babel-result-regexp) - (match-string-no-properties 1))))) + (org-with-point-at result + (let ((case-fold-search t)) (looking-at org-babel-result-regexp)) + (match-string-no-properties 1))))) (defun org-babel-hide-hash () "Hide the hash in the current results line. @@ -1312,7 +1354,8 @@ Only the initial `org-babel-hash-show' characters of the hash will remain visible." (add-to-invisibility-spec '(org-babel-hide-hash . t)) (save-excursion - (when (and (re-search-forward org-babel-result-regexp nil t) + (when (and (let ((case-fold-search t)) + (re-search-forward org-babel-result-regexp nil t)) (match-string 1)) (let* ((start (match-beginning 1)) (hide-start (+ org-babel-hash-show start)) @@ -1330,12 +1373,13 @@ Only the initial `org-babel-hash-show' characters of each hash will remain visible. This function should be called as part of the `org-mode-hook'." (save-excursion - (while (and (not org-babel-hash-show-time) - (re-search-forward org-babel-result-regexp nil t)) - (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) - (org-babel-hide-hash) - (goto-char (match-end 0))))) -(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'org-babel-hide-all-hashes) + (let ((case-fold-search t)) + (while (and (not org-babel-hash-show-time) + (re-search-forward org-babel-result-regexp nil t)) + (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) + (org-babel-hide-hash) + (goto-char (match-end 0)))))) +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook #'org-babel-hide-all-hashes) (defun org-babel-hash-at-point (&optional point) "Return the value of the hash at POINT. @@ -1353,7 +1397,7 @@ This can be called with `\\[org-ctrl-c-ctrl-c]'." Add `org-babel-hide-result' as an invisibility spec for hiding portions of results lines." (add-to-invisibility-spec '(org-babel-hide-result . t))) -(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'org-babel-result-hide-spec) +(add-hook 'org-mode-hook #'org-babel-result-hide-spec) (defvar org-babel-hide-result-overlays nil "Overlays hiding results.") @@ -1363,9 +1407,10 @@ portions of results lines." (interactive) (org-babel-show-result-all) (save-excursion - (while (re-search-forward org-babel-result-regexp nil t) - (save-excursion (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) - (org-babel-hide-result-toggle-maybe))))) + (let ((case-fold-search t)) + (while (re-search-forward org-babel-result-regexp nil t) + (save-excursion (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) + (org-babel-hide-result-toggle-maybe)))))) (defun org-babel-show-result-all () "Unfold all results in the current buffer." @@ -1377,59 +1422,57 @@ portions of results lines." "Toggle visibility of result at point." (interactive) (let ((case-fold-search t)) - (if (save-excursion - (beginning-of-line 1) - (looking-at org-babel-result-regexp)) - (progn (org-babel-hide-result-toggle) - t) ;; to signal that we took action - nil))) ;; to signal that we did not + (and (org-match-line org-babel-result-regexp) + (progn (org-babel-hide-result-toggle) t)))) (defun org-babel-hide-result-toggle (&optional force) "Toggle the visibility of the current result." (interactive) (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) - (if (re-search-forward org-babel-result-regexp nil t) - (let ((start (progn (beginning-of-line 2) (- (point) 1))) - (end (progn - (while (looking-at org-babel-multi-line-header-regexp) - (forward-line 1)) - (goto-char (- (org-babel-result-end) 1)) (point))) - ov) - (if (memq t (mapcar (lambda (overlay) - (eq (overlay-get overlay 'invisible) - 'org-babel-hide-result)) - (overlays-at start))) - (when (or (not force) (eq force 'off)) - (mapc (lambda (ov) - (when (member ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays) - (setq org-babel-hide-result-overlays - (delq ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays))) - (when (eq (overlay-get ov 'invisible) - 'org-babel-hide-result) - (delete-overlay ov))) - (overlays-at start))) - (setq ov (make-overlay start end)) - (overlay-put ov 'invisible 'org-babel-hide-result) - ;; make the block accessible to isearch - (overlay-put - ov 'isearch-open-invisible - (lambda (ov) - (when (member ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays) - (setq org-babel-hide-result-overlays - (delq ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays))) - (when (eq (overlay-get ov 'invisible) - 'org-babel-hide-result) - (delete-overlay ov)))) - (push ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays))) - (error "Not looking at a result line")))) + (let ((case-fold-search t)) + (unless (re-search-forward org-babel-result-regexp nil t) + (error "Not looking at a result line"))) + (let ((start (progn (beginning-of-line 2) (1- (point)))) + (end (progn + (while (looking-at org-babel-multi-line-header-regexp) + (forward-line 1)) + (goto-char (1- (org-babel-result-end))) + (point))) + ov) + (if (memq t (mapcar (lambda (overlay) + (eq (overlay-get overlay 'invisible) + 'org-babel-hide-result)) + (overlays-at start))) + (when (or (not force) (eq force 'off)) + (mapc (lambda (ov) + (when (member ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays) + (setq org-babel-hide-result-overlays + (delq ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays))) + (when (eq (overlay-get ov 'invisible) + 'org-babel-hide-result) + (delete-overlay ov))) + (overlays-at start))) + (setq ov (make-overlay start end)) + (overlay-put ov 'invisible 'org-babel-hide-result) + ;; make the block accessible to isearch + (overlay-put + ov 'isearch-open-invisible + (lambda (ov) + (when (member ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays) + (setq org-babel-hide-result-overlays + (delq ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays))) + (when (eq (overlay-get ov 'invisible) + 'org-babel-hide-result) + (delete-overlay ov)))) + (push ov org-babel-hide-result-overlays))))) ;; org-tab-after-check-for-cycling-hook -(add-hook 'org-tab-first-hook 'org-babel-hide-result-toggle-maybe) +(add-hook 'org-tab-first-hook #'org-babel-hide-result-toggle-maybe) ;; Remove overlays when changing major mode (add-hook 'org-mode-hook (lambda () (add-hook 'change-major-mode-hook - 'org-babel-show-result-all 'append 'local))) + #'org-babel-show-result-all 'append 'local))) (defun org-babel-params-from-properties (&optional lang no-eval) "Retrieve source block parameters specified as properties. @@ -1533,11 +1576,11 @@ balanced instances of \"[ \t]:\", set ALTS to ((32 9) . 58)." (first= (lambda (str) (= ch (aref str 0))))) (reverse (cl-reduce (lambda (acc el) - (let ((head (car acc))) - (if (and head (or (funcall last= head) (funcall first= el))) - (cons (concat head el) (cdr acc)) - (cons el acc)))) - list :initial-value nil)))) + (let ((head (car acc))) + (if (and head (or (funcall last= head) (funcall first= el))) + (cons (concat head el) (cdr acc)) + (cons el acc)))) + list :initial-value nil)))) (defun org-babel-parse-header-arguments (string &optional no-eval) "Parse header arguments in STRING. @@ -1611,7 +1654,7 @@ shown below. (t 'value)))) (cl-remove-if (lambda (x) (memq (car x) '(:colname-names :rowname-names :result-params - :result-type :var))) + :result-type :var))) params)))) ;; row and column names @@ -1654,7 +1697,8 @@ Note: this function removes any hlines in TABLE." (mapcar (lambda (row) (if (listp row) (cons (or (pop rownames) "") row) - row)) table) + row)) + table) table)) (defun org-babel-pick-name (names selector) @@ -1680,9 +1724,12 @@ of the vars, cnames and rnames." (list (mapcar (lambda (var) - (when (listp (cdr var)) + (when (proper-list-p (cdr var)) (when (and (not (equal colnames "no")) - (or colnames (and (eq (nth 1 (cdr var)) 'hline) + ;; Compatibility note: avoid `length>', which + ;; isn't available until Emacs 28. + (or colnames (and (> (length (cdr var)) 1) + (eq (nth 1 (cdr var)) 'hline) (not (member 'hline (cddr (cdr var))))))) (let ((both (org-babel-get-colnames (cdr var)))) (setq cnames (cons (cons (car var) (cdr both)) @@ -1702,7 +1749,7 @@ of the vars, cnames and rnames." (defun org-babel-reassemble-table (table colnames rownames) "Add column and row names to a table. Given a TABLE and set of COLNAMES and ROWNAMES add the names -to the table for reinsertion to org-mode." +to the table for reinsertion to `org-mode'." (if (listp table) (let ((table (if (and rownames (= (length table) (length rownames))) (org-babel-put-rownames table rownames) table))) @@ -1737,7 +1784,7 @@ If the point is not on a source block then return nil." "Go to the beginning of the current code block." (interactive) (let ((head (org-babel-where-is-src-block-head))) - (if head (goto-char head) (error "Not currently in a code block")))) + (if head (goto-char head) (error "Not currently in a code block")))) ;;;###autoload (defun org-babel-goto-named-src-block (name) @@ -1879,9 +1926,9 @@ region is not active then the point is demarcated." (block (and start (match-string 0))) (headers (and start (match-string 4))) (stars (concat (make-string (or (org-current-level) 1) ?*) " ")) - (lower-case-p (and block + (upper-case-p (and block (let (case-fold-search) - (string-match-p "#\\+begin_src" block))))) + (string-match-p "#\\+BEGIN_SRC" block))))) (if info (mapc (lambda (place) @@ -1895,9 +1942,9 @@ region is not active then the point is demarcated." (delete-region (point-at-bol) (point-at-eol))) (insert (concat (if (looking-at "^") "" "\n") - indent (funcall (if lower-case-p 'downcase 'upcase) "#+end_src\n") + indent (if upper-case-p "#+END_SRC\n" "#+end_src\n") (if arg stars indent) "\n" - indent (funcall (if lower-case-p 'downcase 'upcase) "#+begin_src ") + indent (if upper-case-p "#+BEGIN_SRC " "#+begin_src ") lang (if (> (length headers) 1) (concat " " headers) headers) @@ -1918,14 +1965,16 @@ region is not active then the point is demarcated." (if (org-region-active-p) (mark) (point)) (point)))) (insert (concat (if (looking-at "^") "" "\n") (if arg (concat stars "\n") "") - (funcall (if lower-case-p 'downcase 'upcase) "#+begin_src ") - lang "\n" - body + (if upper-case-p "#+BEGIN_SRC " "#+begin_src ") + lang "\n" body (if (or (= (length body) 0) (string-suffix-p "\r" body) - (string-suffix-p "\n" body)) "" "\n") - (funcall (if lower-case-p 'downcase 'upcase) "#+end_src\n"))) - (goto-char start) (move-end-of-line 1))))) + (string-suffix-p "\n" body)) + "" + "\n") + (if upper-case-p "#+END_SRC\n" "#+end_src\n"))) + (goto-char start) + (move-end-of-line 1))))) (defun org-babel--insert-results-keyword (name hash) "Insert RESULTS keyword with NAME value at point. @@ -1938,7 +1987,7 @@ the results hash, or nil. Leave point before the keyword." (cond ((not hash) nil) (org-babel-hash-show-time (format "[%s %s]" - (format-time-string "<%F %T>") + (format-time-string "(%F %T)") hash)) (t (format "[%s]" hash))) ":" @@ -1964,7 +2013,7 @@ point, along with related contents. Do nothing if HASH is nil. Return a non-nil value if results were cleared. In this case, leave point where new results should be inserted." (when hash - (looking-at org-babel-result-regexp) + (let ((case-fold-search t)) (looking-at org-babel-result-regexp)) (unless (string= (match-string 1) hash) (let* ((e (org-element-at-point)) (post (copy-marker (org-element-property :post-affiliated e)))) @@ -2179,6 +2228,10 @@ silent -- no results are inserted into the Org buffer but ingested by Emacs (a potentially time consuming process). +none ---- no results are inserted into the Org buffer nor + echoed to the minibuffer. they are not processed into + Emacs-lisp objects at all. + file ---- the results are interpreted as a file path, and are inserted into the buffer using the Org file syntax. @@ -2236,9 +2289,8 @@ INFO may provide the values of these header arguments (in the (setq result (org-no-properties result)) (when (member "file" result-params) (setq result (org-babel-result-to-file - result (when (assq :file-desc (nth 2 info)) - (or (cdr (assq :file-desc (nth 2 info))) - result)))))) + result + (org-babel--file-desc (nth 2 info) result))))) ((listp result)) (t (setq result (format "%S" result)))) (if (and result-params (member "silent" result-params)) @@ -2304,7 +2356,7 @@ INFO may provide the values of these header arguments (in the (if results-switches (concat " " results-switches) "")) (let ((wrap (lambda (start finish &optional no-escape no-newlines - inline-start inline-finish) + inline-start inline-finish) (when inline (setq start inline-start) (setq finish inline-finish) @@ -2371,13 +2423,58 @@ INFO may provide the values of these header arguments (in the (org-babel-chomp result "\n")))) (t (goto-char beg) (insert result))) (setq end (copy-marker (point) t)) - ;; possibly wrap result + ;; Possibly wrap result. (cond ((assq :wrap (nth 2 info)) - (let ((name (or (cdr (assq :wrap (nth 2 info))) "results"))) - (funcall wrap (concat "#+begin_" name) - (concat "#+end_" (car (split-string name))) - nil nil (concat "{{{results(@@" name ":") "@@)}}}"))) + (let* ((full (or (cdr (assq :wrap (nth 2 info))) "results")) + (split (split-string full)) + (type (car split)) + (opening-line (concat "#+begin_" full)) + (closing-line (concat "#+end_" type))) + (cond + ;; Escape contents from "export" wrap. Wrap + ;; inline results within an export snippet with + ;; appropriate value. + ((eq t (compare-strings type nil nil "export" nil nil t)) + (let ((backend (pcase split + (`(,_) "none") + (`(,_ ,b . ,_) b)))) + (funcall wrap + opening-line closing-line + nil nil + (format "{{{results(@@%s:" + backend) "@@)}}}"))) + ;; Escape contents from "example" wrap. Mark + ;; inline results as verbatim. + ((eq t (compare-strings type nil nil "example" nil nil t)) + (funcall wrap + opening-line closing-line + nil nil + "{{{results(=" "=)}}}")) + ;; Escape contents from "src" wrap. Mark + ;; inline results as inline source code. + ((eq t (compare-strings type nil nil "src" nil nil t)) + (let ((inline-open + (pcase split + (`(,_) + "{{{results(src_none{") + (`(,_ ,language) + (format "{{{results(src_%s{" language)) + (`(,_ ,language . ,rest) + (let ((r (mapconcat #'identity rest " "))) + (format "{{{results(src_%s[%s]{" + language r)))))) + (funcall wrap + opening-line closing-line + nil nil + inline-open "})}}}"))) + ;; Do not escape contents in non-verbatim + ;; blocks. Return plain inline results. + (t + (funcall wrap + opening-line closing-line + t nil + "{{{results(" ")}}}"))))) ((member "html" result-params) (funcall wrap "#+begin_export html" "#+end_export" nil nil "{{{results(@@html:" "@@)}}}")) @@ -2433,11 +2530,12 @@ INFO may provide the values of these header arguments (in the (defun org-babel-remove-result (&optional info keep-keyword) "Remove the result of the current source block." (interactive) - (let ((location (org-babel-where-is-src-block-result nil info))) + (let ((location (org-babel-where-is-src-block-result nil info)) + (case-fold-search t)) (when location (save-excursion (goto-char location) - (when (looking-at (concat org-babel-result-regexp ".*$")) + (when (looking-at org-babel-result-regexp) (delete-region (if keep-keyword (line-beginning-position 2) (save-excursion @@ -2487,8 +2585,9 @@ in the buffer." (let ((element (org-element-at-point))) (if (memq (org-element-type element) ;; Possible results types. - '(drawer example-block export-block fixed-width item - plain-list src-block table)) + '(drawer example-block export-block fixed-width + special-block src-block item plain-list table + latex-environment)) (save-excursion (goto-char (min (point-max) ;for narrowed buffers (org-element-property :end element))) @@ -2502,16 +2601,19 @@ If the `default-directory' is different from the containing file's directory then expand relative links." (when (stringp result) (let ((same-directory? - (and buffer-file-name + (and (buffer-file-name (buffer-base-buffer)) (not (string= (expand-file-name default-directory) (expand-file-name - (file-name-directory buffer-file-name))))))) + (file-name-directory + (buffer-file-name (buffer-base-buffer))))))))) (format "[[file:%s]%s]" - (if (and default-directory buffer-file-name same-directory?) + (if (and default-directory + (buffer-file-name (buffer-base-buffer)) same-directory?) (if (eq org-link-file-path-type 'adaptive) (file-relative-name (expand-file-name result default-directory) - (file-name-directory (buffer-file-name))) + (file-name-directory + (buffer-file-name (buffer-base-buffer)))) (expand-file-name result default-directory)) result) (if description (concat "[" description "]") ""))))) @@ -2637,12 +2739,17 @@ parameters when merging lists." results-exclusive-groups results (split-string - (if (stringp value) value (eval value t)))))) + (cond ((stringp value) value) + ((functionp value) (funcall value)) + (t (eval value t))))))) (`(:exports . ,value) (setq exports (funcall merge exports-exclusive-groups exports - (split-string (or value ""))))) + (split-string + (cond ((and value (functionp value)) (funcall value)) + (value value) + (t "")))))) ;; Regular keywords: any value overwrites the previous one. (_ (setq params (cons pair (assq-delete-all (car pair) params))))))) ;; Handle `:var' and clear out colnames and rownames for replaced @@ -2657,14 +2764,14 @@ parameters when merging lists." (cdr (assq param params)))) (setq params (cl-remove-if (lambda (pair) (and (equal (car pair) param) - (null (cdr pair)))) + (null (cdr pair)))) params))))) ;; Handle other special keywords, which accept multiple values. (setq params (nconc (list (cons :results (mapconcat #'identity results " ")) (cons :exports (mapconcat #'identity exports " "))) params)) ;; Return merged params. - params)) + (org-babel-eval-headers params))) (defun org-babel-noweb-p (params context) "Check if PARAMS require expansion in CONTEXT. @@ -2707,117 +2814,110 @@ would set the value of argument \"a\" equal to \"9\". Note that these arguments are not evaluated in the current source-code block but are passed literally to the \"example-block\"." (let* ((parent-buffer (or parent-buffer (current-buffer))) - (info (or info (org-babel-get-src-block-info 'light))) + (info (or info (org-babel-get-src-block-info 'light))) (lang (nth 0 info)) (body (nth 1 info)) - (ob-nww-start org-babel-noweb-wrap-start) - (ob-nww-end org-babel-noweb-wrap-end) - (new-body "") - (nb-add (lambda (text) (setq new-body (concat new-body text)))) - index source-name evaluate prefix) - (with-temp-buffer - (setq-local org-babel-noweb-wrap-start ob-nww-start) - (setq-local org-babel-noweb-wrap-end ob-nww-end) - (insert body) (goto-char (point-min)) - (setq index (point)) - (while (and (re-search-forward (org-babel-noweb-wrap) nil t)) - (save-match-data (setf source-name (match-string 1))) - (save-match-data (setq evaluate (string-match "(.*)" source-name))) - (save-match-data - (setq prefix - (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0) - (save-excursion - (beginning-of-line 1) (point))))) - ;; add interval to new-body (removing noweb reference) - (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) - (funcall nb-add (buffer-substring index (point))) - (goto-char (match-end 0)) - (setq index (point)) - (funcall - nb-add - (with-current-buffer parent-buffer - (save-restriction - (widen) - (mapconcat ;; Interpose PREFIX between every line. - #'identity - (split-string - (if evaluate - (let ((raw (org-babel-ref-resolve source-name))) - (if (stringp raw) raw (format "%S" raw))) - (or - ;; Retrieve from the Library of Babel. - (nth 2 (assoc-string source-name org-babel-library-of-babel)) - ;; Return the contents of headlines literally. - (save-excursion - (when (org-babel-ref-goto-headline-id source-name) - (org-babel-ref-headline-body))) - ;; Find the expansion of reference in this buffer. - (save-excursion - (goto-char (point-min)) - (let* ((name-regexp - (org-babel-named-src-block-regexp-for-name - source-name)) - (comment - (string= "noweb" - (cdr (assq :comments (nth 2 info))))) - (c-wrap - (lambda (s) - ;; Comment, according to LANG mode, - ;; string S. Return new string. - (with-temp-buffer - (funcall (org-src-get-lang-mode lang)) - (comment-region (point) - (progn (insert s) (point))) - (org-trim (buffer-string))))) - (expand-body - (lambda (i) - ;; Expand body of code blocked - ;; represented by block info I. - (let ((b (if (org-babel-noweb-p (nth 2 i) :eval) - (org-babel-expand-noweb-references i) - (nth 1 i)))) - (if (not comment) b - (let ((cs (org-babel-tangle-comment-links i))) - (concat (funcall c-wrap (car cs)) "\n" - b "\n" - (funcall c-wrap (cadr cs))))))))) - (if (and (re-search-forward name-regexp nil t) - (not (org-in-commented-heading-p))) - ;; Found a source block named SOURCE-NAME. - ;; Assume it is unique; do not look after - ;; `:noweb-ref' header argument. - (funcall expand-body - (org-babel-get-src-block-info 'light)) - ;; Though luck. We go into the long process - ;; of checking each source block and expand - ;; those with a matching Noweb reference. - (let ((expansion nil)) - (org-babel-map-src-blocks nil - (unless (org-in-commented-heading-p) - (let* ((info - (org-babel-get-src-block-info 'light)) - (parameters (nth 2 info))) - (when (equal source-name - (cdr (assq :noweb-ref parameters))) - (push (funcall expand-body info) expansion) - (push (or (cdr (assq :noweb-sep parameters)) - "\n") - expansion))))) - (when expansion - (mapconcat #'identity - (nreverse (cdr expansion)) - "")))))) - ;; Possibly raise an error if named block doesn't exist. - (if (or org-babel-noweb-error-all-langs - (member lang org-babel-noweb-error-langs)) - (error "%s could not be resolved (see \ -`org-babel-noweb-error-langs')" - (org-babel-noweb-wrap source-name)) - ""))) - "[\n\r]") - (concat "\n" prefix)))))) - (funcall nb-add (buffer-substring index (point-max)))) - new-body)) + (comment (string= "noweb" (cdr (assq :comments (nth 2 info))))) + (noweb-re (format "\\(.*?\\)\\(%s\\)" + (with-current-buffer parent-buffer + (org-babel-noweb-wrap)))) + (cache nil) + (c-wrap + (lambda (s) + ;; Comment string S, according to LANG mode. Return new + ;; string. + (unless org-babel-tangle-uncomment-comments + (with-temp-buffer + (funcall (org-src-get-lang-mode lang)) + (comment-region (point) + (progn (insert s) (point))) + (org-trim (buffer-string)))))) + (expand-body + (lambda (i) + ;; Expand body of code represented by block info I. + (let ((b (if (org-babel-noweb-p (nth 2 i) :eval) + (org-babel-expand-noweb-references i) + (nth 1 i)))) + (if (not comment) b + (let ((cs (org-babel-tangle-comment-links i))) + (concat (funcall c-wrap (car cs)) "\n" + b "\n" + (funcall c-wrap (cadr cs)))))))) + (expand-references + (lambda (ref cache) + (pcase (gethash ref cache) + (`(,last . ,previous) + ;; Ignore separator for last block. + (let ((strings (list (funcall expand-body last)))) + (dolist (i previous) + (let ((parameters (nth 2 i))) + ;; Since we're operating in reverse order, first + ;; push separator, then body. + (push (or (cdr (assq :noweb-sep parameters)) "\n") + strings) + (push (funcall expand-body i) strings))) + (mapconcat #'identity strings ""))) + ;; Raise an error about missing reference, or return the + ;; empty string. + ((guard (or org-babel-noweb-error-all-langs + (member lang org-babel-noweb-error-langs))) + (error "Cannot resolve %s (see `org-babel-noweb-error-langs')" + (org-babel-noweb-wrap ref))) + (_ ""))))) + (replace-regexp-in-string + noweb-re + (lambda (m) + (with-current-buffer parent-buffer + (save-match-data + (let* ((prefix (match-string 1 m)) + (id (match-string 3 m)) + (evaluate (string-match-p "(.*)" id)) + (expansion + (cond + (evaluate + ;; Evaluation can potentially modify the buffer + ;; and invalidate the cache: reset it. + (setq cache nil) + (let ((raw (org-babel-ref-resolve id))) + (if (stringp raw) raw (format "%S" raw)))) + ;; Return the contents of headlines literally. + ((org-babel-ref-goto-headline-id id) + (org-babel-ref-headline-body)) + ;; Look for a source block named SOURCE-NAME. If + ;; found, assume it is unique; do not look after + ;; `:noweb-ref' header argument. + ((org-with-point-at 1 + (let ((r (org-babel-named-src-block-regexp-for-name id))) + (and (re-search-forward r nil t) + (not (org-in-commented-heading-p)) + (funcall expand-body + (org-babel-get-src-block-info t)))))) + ;; Retrieve from the Library of Babel. + ((nth 2 (assoc-string id org-babel-library-of-babel))) + ;; All Noweb references were cached in a previous + ;; run. Extract the information from the cache. + ((hash-table-p cache) + (funcall expand-references id cache)) + ;; Though luck. We go into the long process of + ;; checking each source block and expand those + ;; with a matching Noweb reference. Since we're + ;; going to visit all source blocks in the + ;; document, cache information about them as well. + (t + (setq cache (make-hash-table :test #'equal)) + (org-with-wide-buffer + (org-babel-map-src-blocks nil + (if (org-in-commented-heading-p) + (org-forward-heading-same-level nil t) + (let* ((info (org-babel-get-src-block-info t)) + (ref (cdr (assq :noweb-ref (nth 2 info))))) + (push info (gethash ref cache)))))) + (funcall expand-references id cache))))) + ;; Interpose PREFIX between every line. + (mapconcat #'identity + (split-string expansion "[\n\r]") + (concat "\n" prefix)))))) + body t t 2))) (defun org-babel--script-escape-inner (str) (let (in-single in-double backslash out) @@ -2914,7 +3014,7 @@ block but are passed literally to the \"example-block\"." (defun org-babel-read (cell &optional inhibit-lisp-eval) "Convert the string value of CELL to a number if appropriate. -Otherwise if CELL looks like lisp (meaning it starts with a +Otherwise if CELL looks like Lisp (meaning it starts with a \"(\", \"\\='\", \"\\=`\" or a \"[\") then read and evaluate it as lisp, otherwise return it unmodified as a string. Optional argument INHIBIT-LISP-EVAL inhibits lisp evaluation for @@ -2931,30 +3031,41 @@ situations in which is it not appropriate." (defun org-babel--string-to-number (string) "If STRING represents a number return its value. Otherwise return nil." - (and (string-match-p "\\`-?\\([0-9]\\|\\([1-9]\\|[0-9]*\\.\\)[0-9]*\\)\\'" string) - (string-to-number string))) + (unless (or (string-match-p "\\s-" (org-trim string)) + (not (string-match-p "^[0-9e.+ -]+$" string))) + (let ((interned-string (ignore-errors (read string)))) + (when (numberp interned-string) + interned-string)))) (defun org-babel-import-elisp-from-file (file-name &optional separator) "Read the results located at FILE-NAME into an elisp table. If the table is trivial, then return it as a scalar." - (save-window-excursion - (let ((result - (with-temp-buffer - (condition-case err - (progn - (org-table-import file-name separator) - (delete-file file-name) - (delq nil - (mapcar (lambda (row) - (and (not (eq row 'hline)) - (mapcar #'org-babel-string-read row))) - (org-table-to-lisp)))) - (error (message "Error reading results: %s" err) nil))))) - (pcase result - (`((,scalar)) scalar) - (`((,_ ,_ . ,_)) result) - (`(,scalar) scalar) - (_ result))))) + (let ((result + (with-temp-buffer + (condition-case err + (progn + (insert-file-contents file-name) + (delete-file file-name) + (let ((pmax (point-max))) + ;; If the file was empty, don't bother trying to + ;; convert the table. + (when (> pmax 1) + (org-table-convert-region (point-min) pmax separator) + (delq nil + (mapcar (lambda (row) + (and (not (eq row 'hline)) + (mapcar #'org-babel-string-read row))) + (org-table-to-lisp)))))) + (error + (display-warning 'org-babel + (format "Error reading results: %S" err) + :error) + nil))))) + (pcase result + (`((,scalar)) scalar) + (`((,_ ,_ . ,_)) result) + (`(,scalar) scalar) + (_ result)))) (defun org-babel-string-read (cell) "Strip nested \"s from around strings." @@ -3001,8 +3112,7 @@ Emacs shutdown.")) (defmacro org-babel-result-cond (result-params scalar-form &rest table-forms) "Call the code to parse raw string results according to RESULT-PARAMS." - (declare (indent 1) - (debug (form form &rest form))) + (declare (indent 1) (debug t)) (org-with-gensyms (params) `(let ((,params ,result-params)) (unless (member "none" ,params) @@ -3019,7 +3129,6 @@ Emacs shutdown.")) (not (member "table" ,params)))) ,scalar-form ,@table-forms))))) -(def-edebug-spec org-babel-result-cond (form form body)) (defun org-babel-temp-file (prefix &optional suffix) "Create a temporary file in the `org-babel-temporary-directory'. @@ -3053,9 +3162,8 @@ of `org-babel-temporary-directory'." (if (eq t (car (file-attributes file))) (delete-directory file) (delete-file file))) - ;; We do not want to delete "." and "..". (directory-files org-babel-temporary-directory 'full - "^\\([^.]\\|\\.\\([^.]\\|\\..\\)\\).*")) + directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)) (delete-directory org-babel-temporary-directory)) (error (message "Failed to remove temporary Org-babel directory %s" @@ -3063,7 +3171,7 @@ of `org-babel-temporary-directory'." org-babel-temporary-directory "[directory not defined]")))))) -(add-hook 'kill-emacs-hook 'org-babel-remove-temporary-directory) +(add-hook 'kill-emacs-hook #'org-babel-remove-temporary-directory) (defun org-babel-one-header-arg-safe-p (pair safe-list) "Determine if the PAIR is a safe babel header arg according to SAFE-LIST. @@ -3078,7 +3186,7 @@ For the format of SAFE-LIST, see `org-babel-safe-header-args'." (and entry (consp entry) (cond ((functionp (cdr entry)) - (funcall (cdr entry) (cdr pair))) + (funcall (cdr entry) (cdr pair))) ((listp (cdr entry)) (member (cdr pair) (cdr entry))) (t nil))))))) @@ -3098,10 +3206,10 @@ Otherwise, the :file parameter is treated as a full file name, and the output file name is the directory (as calculated above) plus the parameter value." (let* ((file-cons (assq :file params)) - (file-ext-cons (assq :file-ext params)) - (file-ext (cdr-safe file-ext-cons)) - (dir (cdr-safe (assq :output-dir params))) - fname) + (file-ext-cons (assq :file-ext params)) + (file-ext (cdr-safe file-ext-cons)) + (dir (cdr-safe (assq :output-dir params))) + fname) ;; create the output-dir if it does not exist (when dir (make-directory dir t)) diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-css.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-css.el similarity index 95% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-css.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-css.el index b03e8fac..8ad70d44 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-css.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-css.el @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ;;; ob-css.el --- Babel Functions for CSS -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research @@ -43,6 +43,4 @@ CSS does not support sessions." (provide 'ob-css) - - ;;; ob-css.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-ditaa.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-ditaa.el similarity index 98% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-ditaa.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-ditaa.el index 369a080b..249c8c89 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-ditaa.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-ditaa.el @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ;;; ob-ditaa.el --- Babel Functions for ditaa -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research @@ -119,6 +119,4 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." (provide 'ob-ditaa) - - ;;; ob-ditaa.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-dot.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-dot.el similarity index 95% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-dot.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-dot.el index df83068b..8e05a59f 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-dot.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-dot.el @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ ;;; ob-dot.el --- Babel Functions for dot -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte +;; Maintainer: Justin Abrahms ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research ;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org @@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ ;; Org-Babel support for evaluating dot source code. ;; -;; For information on dot see http://www.graphviz.org/ +;; For information on dot see https://www.graphviz.org/ ;; ;; This differs from most standard languages in that ;; @@ -87,6 +88,4 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." (provide 'ob-dot) - - ;;; ob-dot.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-emacs-lisp.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-emacs-lisp.el similarity index 72% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-emacs-lisp.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-emacs-lisp.el index 095fbdb4..d03151f1 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-emacs-lisp.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-emacs-lisp.el @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ;;; ob-emacs-lisp.el --- Babel Functions for Emacs-lisp Code -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research @@ -61,31 +61,30 @@ by `org-edit-src-code'.") (defun org-babel-execute:emacs-lisp (body params) "Execute a block of emacs-lisp code with Babel." - (save-window-excursion - (let* ((lexical (cdr (assq :lexical params))) - (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) - (body (format (if (member "output" result-params) - "(with-output-to-string %s\n)" - "(progn %s\n)") - (org-babel-expand-body:emacs-lisp body params))) - (result (eval (read (if (or (member "code" result-params) - (member "pp" result-params)) - (concat "(pp " body ")") - body)) - (org-babel-emacs-lisp-lexical lexical)))) - (org-babel-result-cond result-params - (let ((print-level nil) - (print-length nil)) - (if (or (member "scalar" result-params) - (member "verbatim" result-params)) - (format "%S" result) - (format "%s" result))) - (org-babel-reassemble-table - result - (org-babel-pick-name (cdr (assq :colname-names params)) - (cdr (assq :colnames params))) - (org-babel-pick-name (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) - (cdr (assq :rownames params)))))))) + (let* ((lexical (cdr (assq :lexical params))) + (result-params (cdr (assq :result-params params))) + (body (format (if (member "output" result-params) + "(with-output-to-string %s\n)" + "(progn %s\n)") + (org-babel-expand-body:emacs-lisp body params))) + (result (eval (read (if (or (member "code" result-params) + (member "pp" result-params)) + (concat "(pp " body ")") + body)) + (org-babel-emacs-lisp-lexical lexical)))) + (org-babel-result-cond result-params + (let ((print-level nil) + (print-length nil)) + (if (or (member "scalar" result-params) + (member "verbatim" result-params)) + (format "%S" result) + (format "%s" result))) + (org-babel-reassemble-table + result + (org-babel-pick-name (cdr (assq :colname-names params)) + (cdr (assq :colnames params))) + (org-babel-pick-name (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) + (cdr (assq :rownames params))))))) (defun org-babel-emacs-lisp-lexical (lexical) "Interpret :lexical source block argument. @@ -108,6 +107,4 @@ corresponding :lexical source block argument." (provide 'ob-emacs-lisp) - - ;;; ob-emacs-lisp.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-eshell.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-eshell.el similarity index 95% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-eshell.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-eshell.el index 4edd3cf6..d74c4fc4 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-eshell.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-eshell.el @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ ;;; ob-eshell.el --- Babel Functions for Eshell -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2018-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2018-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: stardiviner +;; Maintainer: stardiviner +;; Homepage: https://github.com/stardiviner/ob-eshell ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research -;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-eval.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-eval.el similarity index 65% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-eval.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-eval.el index a939d934..cfd80222 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-eval.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-eval.el @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ;;; ob-eval.el --- Babel Functions for External Code Evaluation -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research, comint @@ -41,20 +41,22 @@ (display-buffer buf)) (message "Babel evaluation exited with code %S" exit-code)) -(defun org-babel-eval (cmd body) - "Run CMD on BODY. -If CMD succeeds then return its results, otherwise display -STDERR with `org-babel-eval-error-notify'." - (let ((err-buff (get-buffer-create " *Org-Babel Error*")) exit-code) - (with-current-buffer err-buff (erase-buffer)) +(defun org-babel-eval (command query) + "Run COMMAND on QUERY. +Writes QUERY into a temp-buffer that is processed with +`org-babel--shell-command-on-region'. If COMMAND succeeds then return +its results, otherwise display STDERR with +`org-babel-eval-error-notify'." + (let ((error-buffer (get-buffer-create " *Org-Babel Error*")) exit-code) + (with-current-buffer error-buffer (erase-buffer)) (with-temp-buffer - (insert body) + (insert query) (setq exit-code (org-babel--shell-command-on-region - (point-min) (point-max) cmd err-buff)) + command error-buffer)) (if (or (not (numberp exit-code)) (> exit-code 0)) (progn - (with-current-buffer err-buff + (with-current-buffer error-buffer (org-babel-eval-error-notify exit-code (buffer-string))) (save-excursion (when (get-buffer org-babel-error-buffer-name) @@ -71,26 +73,19 @@ STDERR with `org-babel-eval-error-notify'." (with-temp-buffer (insert-file-contents file) (buffer-string))) -(defun org-babel--shell-command-on-region (start end command error-buffer) +(defun org-babel--shell-command-on-region (command error-buffer) "Execute COMMAND in an inferior shell with region as input. +Stripped down version of `shell-command-on-region' for internal use in +Babel only. This lets us work around errors in the original function +in various versions of Emacs. This expects the query to be run to be +in the current temp buffer. This is written into +input-file. ERROR-BUFFER is the name of the file which +`org-babel-eval' has created to use for any error messages that are +returned." -Stripped down version of shell-command-on-region for internal use -in Babel only. This lets us work around errors in the original -function in various versions of Emacs. -" (let ((input-file (org-babel-temp-file "ob-input-")) (error-file (if error-buffer (org-babel-temp-file "ob-error-") nil)) - ;; Unfortunately, `executable-find' does not support file name - ;; handlers. Therefore, we could use it in the local case - ;; only. - (shell-file-name - (cond ((and (not (file-remote-p default-directory)) - (executable-find shell-file-name)) - shell-file-name) - ((file-executable-p - (concat (file-remote-p default-directory) shell-file-name)) - shell-file-name) - ("/bin/sh"))) + (shell-file-name (org-babel--get-shell-file-name)) exit-status) ;; There is an error in `process-file' when `error-file' exists. ;; This is fixed in Emacs trunk as of 2012-12-21; let's use this @@ -99,18 +94,13 @@ function in various versions of Emacs. (delete-file error-file)) ;; we always call this with 'replace, remove conditional ;; Replace specified region with output from command. - (let ((swap (< start end))) - (goto-char start) - (push-mark (point) 'nomsg) - (write-region start end input-file) - (delete-region start end) - (setq exit-status - (process-file shell-file-name input-file - (if error-file - (list t error-file) - t) - nil shell-command-switch command)) - (when swap (exchange-point-and-mark))) + (org-babel--write-temp-buffer-input-file input-file) + (setq exit-status + (process-file shell-file-name input-file + (if error-file + (list t error-file) + t) + nil shell-command-switch command)) (when (and input-file (file-exists-p input-file) ;; bind org-babel--debug-input around the call to keep @@ -135,6 +125,16 @@ function in various versions of Emacs. (delete-file error-file)) exit-status)) +(defun org-babel--write-temp-buffer-input-file (input-file) + "Write the contents of the current temp buffer into INPUT-FILE." + (let ((start (point-min)) + (end (point-max))) + (goto-char start) + (push-mark (point) 'nomsg) + (write-region start end input-file) + (delete-region start end) + (exchange-point-and-mark))) + (defun org-babel-eval-wipe-error-buffer () "Delete the contents of the Org code block error buffer. This buffer is named by `org-babel-error-buffer-name'." @@ -142,8 +142,19 @@ This buffer is named by `org-babel-error-buffer-name'." (with-current-buffer org-babel-error-buffer-name (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))))) -(provide 'ob-eval) - +(defun org-babel--get-shell-file-name () + "Return system `shell-file-name', defaulting to /bin/sh. +Unfortunately, `executable-find' does not support file name +handlers. Therefore, we could use it in the local case only." + ;; FIXME: This is generic enough that it should probably be in emacs, not org-mode + (cond ((and (not (file-remote-p default-directory)) + (executable-find shell-file-name)) + shell-file-name) + ((file-executable-p + (concat (file-remote-p default-directory) shell-file-name)) + shell-file-name) + ("/bin/sh"))) +(provide 'ob-eval) ;;; ob-eval.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-exp.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-exp.el similarity index 92% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-exp.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-exp.el index bbf9b55a..d10d228e 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-exp.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-exp.el @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ;;; ob-exp.el --- Exportation of Babel Source Blocks -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Authors: Eric Schulte ;; Dan Davison @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ (declare-function org-escape-code-in-string "org-src" (s)) (declare-function org-export-copy-buffer "ox" ()) (declare-function org-in-commented-heading-p "org" (&optional no-inheritance)) +(declare-function org-in-archived-heading-p "org" (&optional no-inheritance)) (defvar org-src-preserve-indentation) @@ -157,7 +158,8 @@ this template." ;; encountered. (goto-char (point-min)) (while (re-search-forward regexp nil t) - (unless (save-match-data (org-in-commented-heading-p)) + (unless (save-match-data (or (org-in-commented-heading-p) + (org-in-archived-heading-p))) (let* ((object? (match-end 1)) (element (save-match-data (if object? (org-element-context) @@ -214,8 +216,11 @@ this template." (delete-region begin end) (insert replacement))))) ((or `babel-call `inline-babel-call) - (org-babel-exp-do-export (org-babel-lob-get-info element) - 'lob) + (org-babel-exp-do-export + (or (org-babel-lob-get-info element) + (user-error "Unknown Babel reference: %s" + (org-element-property :call element))) + 'lob) (let ((rep (org-fill-template org-babel-exp-call-line-template @@ -287,11 +292,11 @@ this template." "Return a string with the exported content of a code block. The function respects the value of the :exports header argument." (let ((silently (lambda () (let ((session (cdr (assq :session (nth 2 info))))) - (unless (equal "none" session) - (org-babel-exp-results info type 'silent))))) + (unless (equal "none" session) + (org-babel-exp-results info type 'silent))))) (clean (lambda () (if (eq type 'inline) - (org-babel-remove-inline-result) - (org-babel-remove-result info))))) + (org-babel-remove-inline-result) + (org-babel-remove-result info))))) (pcase (or (cdr (assq :exports (nth 2 info))) "code") ("none" (funcall silently) (funcall clean) "") ("code" (funcall silently) (funcall clean) (org-babel-exp-code info type)) @@ -355,9 +360,12 @@ replaced with its value." (org-fill-template (if (eq type 'inline) org-babel-exp-inline-code-template - org-babel-exp-code-template) + org-babel-exp-code-template) `(("lang" . ,(nth 0 info)) - ("body" . ,(org-escape-code-in-string (nth 1 info))) + ;; Inline source code should not be escaped. + ("body" . ,(let ((body (nth 1 info))) + (if (eq type 'inline) body + (org-escape-code-in-string body)))) ("switches" . ,(let ((f (nth 3 info))) (and (org-string-nw-p f) (concat " " f)))) ("flags" . ,(let ((f (assq :flags (nth 2 info)))) @@ -388,10 +396,10 @@ inhibit insertion of results into the buffer." (setf (nth 1 info) body) (setf (nth 2 info) (org-babel-exp--at-source - (org-babel-process-params - (org-babel-merge-params - (nth 2 info) - `((:results . ,(if silent "silent" "replace"))))))) + (org-babel-process-params + (org-babel-merge-params + (nth 2 info) + `((:results . ,(if silent "silent" "replace"))))))) (pcase type (`block (org-babel-execute-src-block nil info)) (`inline @@ -403,9 +411,7 @@ inhibit insertion of results into the buffer." (`lob (save-excursion (goto-char (nth 5 info)) - (let (org-confirm-babel-evaluate) - (org-babel-execute-src-block nil info))))))))) - + (org-babel-execute-src-block nil info)))))))) (provide 'ob-exp) diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-forth.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-forth.el similarity index 93% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-forth.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-forth.el index aef6784c..74dbc021 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-forth.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-forth.el @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ;;; ob-forth.el --- Babel Functions for Forth -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2014-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2014-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research, forth @@ -75,8 +75,9 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." ((string= "\n:" case) ;; Report errors. (org-babel-eval-error-notify 1 - (buffer-substring - (+ (match-beginning 0) 1) (point-max))) nil)))) + (buffer-substring + (+ (match-beginning 0) 1) (point-max))) + nil)))) (split-string (org-trim (org-babel-expand-body:generic body params)) "\n" diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-fortran.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-fortran.el similarity index 93% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-fortran.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-fortran.el index 154465f2..2e554980 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-fortran.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-fortran.el @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ;;; ob-fortran.el --- Babel Functions for Fortran -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2011-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2011-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Authors: Sergey Litvinov ;; Eric Schulte @@ -40,9 +40,11 @@ (defvar org-babel-default-header-args:fortran '()) -(defvar org-babel-fortran-compiler "gfortran" - "fortran command used to compile a fortran source code file into an - executable.") +(defcustom org-babel-fortran-compiler "gfortran" + "Fortran command used to compile Fortran source code file." + :group 'org-babel + :package-version '(Org . "9.5") + :type 'string) (defun org-babel-execute:fortran (body params) "This function should only be called by `org-babel-execute:fortran'." @@ -101,12 +103,13 @@ its header arguments." (concat ;; variables (mapconcat 'org-babel-fortran-var-to-fortran vars "\n") - body) params) + body) + params) body) "\n") "\n"))) (defun org-babel-fortran-ensure-main-wrap (body params) "Wrap body in a \"program ... end program\" block if none exists." - (if (string-match "^[ \t]*program[ \t]*.*" (capitalize body)) + (if (string-match "^[ \t]*program\\>" (capitalize body)) (let ((vars (org-babel--get-vars params))) (when vars (error "Cannot use :vars if `program' statement is present")) body) @@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ of the same value." (format "real, parameter :: %S(%d) = %s\n" var (length val) (org-babel-fortran-transform-list val))) (t - (error "the type of parameter %s is not supported by ob-fortran" var))))) + (error "The type of parameter %s is not supported by ob-fortran" var))))) (defun org-babel-fortran-transform-list (val) "Return a fortran representation of enclose syntactic lists." diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-gnuplot.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-gnuplot.el similarity index 90% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-gnuplot.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-gnuplot.el index d11c55f7..8c4a5957 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-gnuplot.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-gnuplot.el @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ ;;; ob-gnuplot.el --- Babel Functions for Gnuplot -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte +;; Maintainer: Ihor Radchenko ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research ;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org @@ -33,9 +34,9 @@ ;;; Requirements: -;; - gnuplot :: http://www.gnuplot.info/ +;; - gnuplot :: https://www.gnuplot.info/ ;; -;; - gnuplot-mode :: http://cars9.uchicago.edu/~ravel/software/gnuplot-mode.html +;; - gnuplot-mode :: you can search the web for the latest active one. ;;; Code: (require 'ob) @@ -47,6 +48,8 @@ (declare-function gnuplot-send-string-to-gnuplot "ext:gnuplot-mode" (str txt)) (declare-function gnuplot-send-buffer-to-gnuplot "ext:gnuplot-mode" ()) +(defvar org-babel-temporary-directory) + (defvar org-babel-default-header-args:gnuplot '((:results . "file") (:exports . "results") (:session . nil)) "Default arguments to use when evaluating a gnuplot source block.") @@ -85,14 +88,29 @@ code." (cons (car pair) ;; variable name (let* ((val (cdr pair)) ;; variable value - (lp (listp val))) + (lp (proper-list-p val))) (if lp (org-babel-gnuplot-table-to-data (let* ((first (car val)) (tablep (or (listp first) (symbolp first)))) (if tablep val (mapcar 'list val))) (org-babel-temp-file "gnuplot-") params) - val)))) + (if (and (stringp val) + (file-remote-p val) ;; check if val is a remote file + (file-exists-p val)) ;; call to file-exists-p is slow, maybe remove it + (let* ((local-name (concat ;; create a unique filename to avoid multiple downloads + org-babel-temporary-directory + "/gnuplot/" + (file-remote-p val 'host) + (org-babel-local-file-name val)))) + (if (and (file-exists-p local-name) ;; only download file if remote is newer + (file-newer-than-file-p local-name val)) + local-name + (make-directory (file-name-directory local-name) t) + (copy-file val local-name t) + )) + val + ))))) (org-babel--get-vars params)))) (defun org-babel-expand-body:gnuplot (body params) @@ -272,12 +290,10 @@ Pass PARAMS through to `orgtbl-to-generic' when exporting TABLE." (orgtbl-to-generic table (org-combine-plists - '(:sep "\t" :fmt org-babel-gnuplot-quote-tsv-field) + '(:sep "\t" :fmt org-babel-gnuplot-quote-tsv-field :raw t :backend ascii) params))))) data-file) (provide 'ob-gnuplot) - - ;;; ob-gnuplot.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-groovy.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-groovy.el similarity index 96% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-groovy.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-groovy.el index 38e2a169..b3ff34aa 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-groovy.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-groovy.el @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ ;;; ob-groovy.el --- Babel Functions for Groovy -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2013-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2013-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Miro Bezjak +;; Maintainer: Palak Mathur ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research ;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org @@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ ;; Currently only supports the external execution. No session support yet. ;;; Requirements: -;; - Groovy language :: http://groovy.codehaus.org +;; - Groovy language :: https://groovy-lang.org ;; - Groovy major mode :: Can be installed from MELPA or ;; https://github.com/russel/Emacs-Groovy-Mode @@ -65,7 +66,6 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) (cdr (assq :rownames params)))))) (defvar org-babel-groovy-wrapper-method - "class Runner extends Script { def out = new PrintWriter(new ByteArrayOutputStream()) def run() { %s } @@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ This function is called by `org-babel-execute-src-block'." println(new Runner().run()) ") - (defun org-babel-groovy-evaluate (session body &optional result-type result-params) "Evaluate BODY in external Groovy process. @@ -111,6 +110,4 @@ supported in Groovy." (provide 'ob-groovy) - - ;;; ob-groovy.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-haskell.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-haskell.el similarity index 72% rename from elpa/org-20200127/ob-haskell.el rename to elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-haskell.el index e004a340..971e1ce6 100644 --- a/elpa/org-20200127/ob-haskell.el +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-haskell.el @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ ;;; ob-haskell.el --- Babel Functions for Haskell -*- lexical-binding: t; -*- -;; Copyright (C) 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +;; Copyright (C) 2009-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;; Author: Eric Schulte +;; Maintainer: Lawrence Bottorff ;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research ;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org @@ -23,20 +24,19 @@ ;;; Commentary: -;; Org-Babel support for evaluating haskell source code. This one will -;; be sort of tricky because haskell programs must be compiled before +;; Org Babel support for evaluating Haskell source code. +;; Haskell programs must be compiled before ;; they can be run, but haskell code can also be run through an ;; interactive interpreter. ;; -;; For now lets only allow evaluation using the haskell interpreter. +;; By default we evaluate using the Haskell interpreter. +;; To use the compiler, specify :compile yes in the header. ;;; Requirements: -;; - haskell-mode :: http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~monnier/elisp/#haskell-mode -;; -;; - inf-haskell :: http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~monnier/elisp/#haskell-mode -;; -;; - (optionally) lhs2tex :: http://people.cs.uu.nl/andres/lhs2tex/ +;; - haskell-mode: https://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~monnier/elisp/#haskell-mode +;; - inf-haskell: https://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~monnier/elisp/#haskell-mode +;; - (optionally) lhs2tex: https://people.cs.uu.nl/andres/lhs2tex/ ;;; Code: (require 'ob) @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ (declare-function run-haskell "ext:inf-haskell" (&optional arg)) (declare-function inferior-haskell-load-file "ext:inf-haskell" (&optional reload)) +(declare-function org-entry-get "org" (pom property &optional inherit literal-nil)) (defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts) (add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("haskell" . "hs")) @@ -60,8 +61,63 @@ (defvar haskell-prompt-regexp) -(defun org-babel-execute:haskell (body params) - "Execute a block of Haskell code." +(defcustom org-babel-haskell-compiler "ghc" + "Command used to compile a Haskell source code file into an executable. +May be either a command in the path, like \"ghc\" or an absolute +path name, like \"/usr/local/bin/ghc\". The command can include +a parameter, such as \"ghc -v\"." + :group 'org-babel + :package-version '(Org "9.4") + :type 'string) + +(defconst org-babel-header-args:haskell '((compile . :any)) + "Haskell-specific header arguments.") + +(defun org-babel-haskell-execute (body params) + "This function should only be called by `org-babel-execute:haskell'." + (let* ((tmp-src-file (org-babel-temp-file "Haskell-src-" ".hs")) + (tmp-bin-file + (org-babel-process-file-name + (org-babel-temp-file "Haskell-bin-" org-babel-exeext))) + (cmdline (cdr (assq :cmdline params))) + (cmdline (if cmdline (concat " " cmdline) "")) + (flags (cdr (assq :flags params))) + (flags (mapconcat #'identity + (if (listp flags) + flags + (list flags)) + " ")) + (libs (org-babel-read + (or (cdr (assq :libs params)) + (org-entry-get nil "libs" t)) + nil)) + (libs (mapconcat #'identity + (if (listp libs) libs (list libs)) + " "))) + (with-temp-file tmp-src-file (insert body)) + (org-babel-eval + (format "%s -o %s %s %s %s" + org-babel-haskell-compiler + tmp-bin-file + flags + (org-babel-process-file-name tmp-src-file) + libs) + "") + (let ((results (org-babel-eval (concat tmp-bin-file cmdline) ""))) + (when results + (setq results (org-trim (org-remove-indentation results))) + (org-babel-reassemble-table + (org-babel-result-cond (cdr (assq :result-params params)) + (org-babel-read results t) + (let ((tmp-file (org-babel-temp-file "Haskell-"))) + (with-temp-file tmp-file (insert results)) + (org-babel-import-elisp-from-file tmp-file))) + (org-babel-pick-name + (cdr (assq :colname-names params)) (cdr (assq :colnames params))) + (org-babel-pick-name + (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) (cdr (assq :rownames params)))))))) + +(defun org-babel-interpret-haskell (body params) (require 'inf-haskell) (add-hook 'inferior-haskell-hook (lambda () @@ -87,7 +143,7 @@ (org-babel-reassemble-table (let ((result (pcase result-type - (`output (mapconcat #'identity (reverse (cdr results)) "\n")) + (`output (mapconcat #'identity (reverse results) "\n")) (`value (car results))))) (org-babel-result-cond (cdr (assq :result-params params)) result (org-babel-script-escape result))) @@ -96,6 +152,13 @@ (org-babel-pick-name (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)) (cdr (assq :rowname-names params)))))) +(defun org-babel-execute:haskell (body params) + "Execute a block of Haskell code." + (let ((compile (string= "yes" (cdr (assq :compile params))))) + (if (not compile) + (org-babel-interpret-haskell body params) + (org-babel-haskell-execute body params)))) + (defun org-babel-haskell-initiate-session (&optional _session _params) "Initiate a haskell session. If there is not a current inferior-process-buffer in SESSION @@ -215,6 +278,4 @@ constructs (header arguments, no-web syntax etc...) are ignored." (provide 'ob-haskell) - - ;;; ob-haskell.el ends here diff --git a/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-java.el b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-java.el new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dd353874 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/org-9.5.2/ob-java.el @@ -0,0 +1,490 @@ +;;; ob-java.el --- org-babel functions for java evaluation -*- lexical-binding: t -*- + +;; Copyright (C) 2011-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +;; Authors: Eric Schulte +;; Dan Davison +;; Maintainer: Ian Martins +;; Keywords: literate programming, reproducible research +;; Homepage: https://orgmode.org + +;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. + +;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +;; (at your option) any later version. + +;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +;; GNU General Public License for more details. + +;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see . + +;;; Commentary: + +;; Org-Babel support for evaluating java source code. + +;;; Code: +(require 'ob) + +(defvar org-babel-tangle-lang-exts) +(add-to-list 'org-babel-tangle-lang-exts '("java" . "java")) + +(defvar org-babel-temporary-directory) ; from ob-core + +(defvar org-babel-default-header-args:java '((:results . "output") + (:dir . ".")) + "Default header args for java source blocks. +The docs say functional mode should be the default [1], but +ob-java didn't originally support functional mode, so we keep +scripting mode as the default for now to maintain previous +behavior. + +Most languages write tempfiles to babel's temporary directory, +but ob-java originally had to write them to the current +directory, so we keep that as the default behavior. + +[1] https://orgmode.org/manual/Results-of-Evaluation.html") + +(defconst org-babel-header-args:java '((imports . :any)) + "Java-specific header arguments.") + +(defcustom org-babel-java-command "java" + "Name of the java command. +May be either a command in the path, like java or an absolute +path name, like /usr/local/bin/java. Parameters may be used, +like java -verbose." + :group 'org-babel + :package-version '(Org . "9.5") + :type 'string) + +(defcustom org-babel-java-compiler "javac" + "Name of the java compiler. +May be either a command in the path, like javac or an absolute +path name, like /usr/local/bin/javac. Parameters may be used, +like javac -verbose." + :group 'org-babel + :package-version '(Org . "9.5") + :type 'string) + +(defcustom org-babel-java-hline-to "null" + "Replace hlines in incoming tables with this when translating to java." + :group 'org-babel + :package-version '(Org . "9.5") + :type 'string) + +(defcustom org-babel-java-null-to 'hline + "Replace `null' in java tables with this before returning." + :group 'org-babel + :package-version '(Org . "9.5") + :type 'symbol) + +(defconst org-babel-java--package-re (rx line-start (0+ space) "package" + (1+ space) (group (1+ (in alnum ?_ ?.))) ; capture the package name + (0+ space) ?\; line-end) + "Regexp for the package statement.") +(defconst org-babel-java--imports-re (rx line-start (0+ space) "import" + (opt (1+ space) "static") + (1+ space) (group (1+ (in alnum ?_ ?. ?*))) ; capture the fully qualified class name + (0+ space) ?\; line-end) + "Regexp for import statements.") +(defconst org-babel-java--class-re (rx line-start (0+ space) (opt (seq "public" (1+ space))) + "class" (1+ space) + (group (1+ (in alnum ?_))) ; capture the class name + (0+ space) ?{) + "Regexp for the class declaration.") +(defconst org-babel-java--main-re + (rx line-start (0+ space) "public" + (1+ space) "static" + (1+ space) "void" + (1+ space) "main" + (0+ space) ?\( + (0+ space) "String" + (1+ (in alnum ?_ ?\[ ?\] space)) ; "[] args" or "args[]" + ?\) + (0+ space) (opt "throws" (1+ (in alnum ?_ ?, ?. space))) + ?{) + "Regexp for the main method declaration.") +(defconst org-babel-java--any-method-re + (rx line-start + (0+ space) (opt (seq (1+ alnum) (1+ space))) ; visibility + (opt (seq "static" (1+ space))) ; binding + (1+ (in alnum ?_ ?\[ ?\])) ; return type + (1+ space) (1+ (in alnum ?_)) ; method name + (0+ space) ?\( + (0+ (in alnum ?_ ?\[ ?\] ?, space)) ; params + ?\) + (0+ space) (opt "throws" (1+ (in alnum ?_ ?, ?. space))) + ?{) + "Regexp for any method.") +(defconst org-babel-java--result-wrapper "\n public static String __toString(Object val) { + if (val instanceof String) { + return \"\\\"\" + val + \"\\\"\"; + } else if (val == null) { + return \"null\"; + } else if (val.getClass().isArray()) { + StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); + Object[] vals = (Object[])val; + sb.append(\"[\"); + for (int ii=0; ii